Voronov, E.N. Specific features of legal responsibility of banks and other credit organizations in the enforcement proceedings

Abstract: In the enforcement proceedings the bank or any other credit organization usually participate as creditors, parties, performing certain enforcement actions. The bank as a creditor may be brought to civil law responsibility under Art. 1102 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation for the unjustifiable enrichment and it may be brought to administrative responsibility under p. 3 of the Art. 17.14 of the Administrative Offences Code of the Russian Federation. If the bank is a debtor, it has to pay enforcement fee as a measure of responsibility for the failure to perform the requirements of enforcement documents, and it also may be brought to administrative responsibility under p. 1 of Art. 17.14, 17.15 of the Administrative Offences Code of the Russian Federation and certain provisions of the Chapter 19 of the said Code. It is more convenient for the enforcement officers to use the provisions of Art. 17.14 and 17.15 of the said Code, since the proceedings under this article are performed by the officials of the FSCB of the Russian Federation, and the sanctions are greater than those under Chapter 19 of the Code. Special legislative attention is paid to the responsibility of the banks for the failure to perform their obligations on foreclosure of monetary funds of debtors on his accounts. Part 2 of the Art. 17.14 of the Administrative Offences Code of the Russian Federation provides for strict sanctions for such violations. However, the analysis of statistics and judicial practice showed that this article is hardly ever applied efficiently. The reasons for this situation include failure of the enforcement officers to comply to the norms of procedural legislation and legislation on administrative offences, as well as legislation on enforcement proceedings, failure to comply with the procedure for bringing a person to administrative responsibility, to comply with the procedure for forming the protocols on administrative offences, etc. the FSCB should develop detailed regulations on application of part 2 of the Art. 17.14 of the FSCB and to develop professional skills of its officers in the sphere of administrative and procedural legislation Also the banks may be brought to procedural responsibility for such violations under Art. 119 of the Arbitration Procedural Code and Art. 105 of the Civil Procedural Code (judicial fines) and civil law responsibility under Art. 1064 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (compensation of harm). However, efficiency of such responsibility is much less than one of administrative responsibility, especially when it concerns the amount of punishment.

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