Narutto S.V. Special territorial units within the structure of Russian state

Abstract: The article includes the study of various territorial units within the structure of the Russian Federation, which were created for the sake of greater efficiency of government. The largest of such units are districts. The author studies specific features of the legal regimes of federal, military, judicial, border and election districts. Analyzing the consequences of the formation of Federal Districts in the Russian Federation, as well as institution Of the Plenipotentiaries of the President of the Russian Federation at the Federal Districts, the author notes the systemic changes in the placement of many territorial units of the federal bodies, strengthening rule of law, and greater manageability of the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation. The author views military districts as territories, which are established in order to optimize the structures governing the Military Forces of the Russian Federation, as military administrative units. She also analyzes the problems of judicial districts as a type of judicial territory, to which the jurisdiction of justices of peace is applied. The author views the order of formation of the referendum district and election districts, as well as the types of election districts, which are territorial units for organization of elections and referendum in the territory of the Russian Federation. Analyzing the regime of the border area, the author notes the lack of development of the Russian border territory, if compared to the states, which actively use beneficial geographical factors, such as the territorial closeness of potential foreign partners for the border trade. The author also views other territorial units, such as territory of closed administrative territorial units, specialized economic zones, science cities. Having studied the legislation on the innovative center «Skolkovo», the author pays attention to the fact that the legislation mixes up the terms of «territory» and «plots of land», as well as to the fact that there are sub-soil assets and waters on the territory of Skolkovo, but the legislator does not mention them. The author also pays attention to the regime of specially protected natural territories, territories of traditional use of nature of the native small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of Russia. The author views the territory of the capital (the capital territory), as well as the regime for the territory of «Baikonur», which is situated in the Republic of Kazakhstan and rented by Russia.

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