Gladunets, A.V. Judicial process in the Northern Caucasus in late XIX — early XX centuries

Abstract: By the middle of XIX century the judicial system of the mountain peoples was based on the very same norms, that they had before they were included into Russia. In the second half of the XIX century the judicial system of the Empire was reformed, and the judicial system in this region sorely needed reform. Due to the reform, there were mountain “speaking” courts, which were aimed to gradually prepare the Northern Caucasus to the introduction of the Russian judicial institutions. Keywords: jurisprudence, judicial system, Northern Caucasus, mountain courts, aul courts, mediation courts, adat, judicial process, reform, mountain peoples