Technical and economic indicators of the Festival microdistrict of Yoshkar-Ola

Anisimova Mariya Aleksandrovna ORCID: 0000-0001-5320-3184 Master's Degree, the department of Garden and Park Design, Botanics and Dendrology of Volga State University of Technology  424000, Russia, respublika Marii El, g. Ioshkar-Ola, ploshchad' im. V. I. Lenina, 3 marianisimova29@mail.ru Other publications by this author

Medvedkova Elena Andreevna ORCID: 0000-0002-4540-918X Docent, the department of Garden and Park Construction, Botany and Dendrology, Volga State Technological University 424000, Russia, respublika Marii El, g. Ioshkar-Ola, ploshchad' im. V. I. Lenina, 3 elenandre@mail.ru

Introduction

The microdistrict, being the main structural unit of the residential zone, plays an important role in urban planning. According to the code of rules, a microdistrict is a structural unit of the residential zone of the city that provides the daily needs of residents of institutions of cultural and consumer services for everyday use ^[1,2], that is, the most necessary needs of the population – education of the younger generation, cultural recreation, economic activity, cultural and consumer services for residents ^[3].

The microdistrict includes: residential areas (sections of residential buildings and yard spaces formed by them, sections of public shopping centers for daily services, schools and children's institutions, recreation and sports facilities, economic zones, parking lots and garages, landscaped inter-house spaces. Technical and economic indicators are used to assess the quality of residential development and compare it with standards and recommendations.

Work on large urban areas is impossible without a preliminary assessment of the volume of proposed construction and calculation of indicators of density, built-up, height, provision of infrastructure facilities, natural and green areas ^[4]. One of the stages of the analysis of the state of the territory is the comparison of technical and economic indicators of development with recommendations, as well as the associated indicator "density of placement of trees and shrubs ex./ha) ^{[2, 5]}

When designing master plans for development, it is necessary to take into account such indicators of TEP as the density of development, in the form of the density coefficient of residential development, as well as the density of the population.

When characterizing the microdistrict, the calculation of technical and economic indicators was carried out. The technical and economic indicators of the microdistrict include the following:

1) the total area of the microdistrict in hectares, within the boundaries of the red lines;

2) density of residential buildings net and gross, %;

3) population density per person/ha;

4) average number of floors;

5) the density of landscaping.

The indicators to be determined in the future will be necessary to determine such data as the area of green areas, the number of parking spaces and the total area of parking lots for various purposes and levels ^[6]

Object and method of work

The analyzed microdistrict, the "Festival" microdistrict, is located on the territory of the "City of Yoshkar-Ola" Urban District to the west of the "Western" microdistrict, is bounded by: Stroiteley St. from the west and northwest, Annikov St. from the south, Festivalnaya St. from the east, Marshal Zhukov from the northeast (see Figure 1). Currently, the territory under consideration is under development. The territory is crossed by a small ravine in the northeast.

Figure 1. Layout and boundaries of the Festival microdistrict, the city of Yoshkar-Ola

The main technical and economic indicators were calculated according to generally accepted methods presented in the literature. [textbooks and manuals]. As initial data, the approved master plan of the "Territory Planning Project" was used, compared with the existing situation in the neighborhood, as well as building data.

The total area of the microdistrict was calculated within the boundaries of the red lines and according to the data is 18.56 hectares. To calculate the population, the average size of the family unit given in the project is 2.6 people. During the initial analysis of the project, it was noted that there was no school on the territory of the microdistrict, which is not typical for this type of development. In addition, the absence of a school with a greening share of more than 50% will significantly reduce the overall greening of the neighborhood.

When describing the object, the population was calculated.

One of the calculated indicators that further influences the calculation of both the area of green spaces and the number and size of playgrounds and parking lots is the conditional number of residents, first of all it was calculated for houses, and then summed up for the entire neighborhood. The number of inhabitants in one house, according to this method, was determined by the formula:

? git. = ? fl. · ? under. · ? sq.fl. · ? cf.w.sq., where

? git. – number of inhabitants;

? fl. – number of floors of the building;

? sub. – the number of entrances in the house;

? sq.fl. – number of apartments per floor;

? cf.w.sq. ? the average number of residents in 1 apartment

The amount of total living space is the total floor area of the ground part of residential buildings, m2;

Population density. Population density was defined as the ratio of the number of inhabitants per hectare of a microdistrict or its residential part (gross and net):

,

where P us. net is the net population density (people/ha);

N – number of inhabitants (people);

S w.h. – the area of the residential part of the block / microdistrict minus the territory of kindergartens, schools, gardens of the microdistrict, buildings of cultural and educational institutions and communal (ha).

The gross population density was defined as the number of people per hectare of the residential part of the block/microdistrict:

,

where R us. gross – gross population density (people/ha);

N – number of inhabitants (people);

S total – the total area of the block / neighborhood (ha).

The density of residential buildings, shows how densely residential buildings are located to each other, together with the population density, this indicator will characterize, among other things, which type of building belongs to: social housing or elite. The net density of residential development is defined as the ratio of the area of the territory directly occupied by the development to the area of the residential part of the block / microdistrict. It is found as the difference between the area of the entire microdistrict and the area of the plots of microdistrict gardens, schools, preschool institutions, buildings of cultural and educational and communal-economic significance. The expression in the form of a formula will look like this:

,

where r w.z. net is the density of residential buildings net (%);

S w.z. – the area directly occupied by residential buildings (ha);

S w.h. – the area of the residential part of the microdistrict minus the territory of kindergartens, schools, gardens of the microdistrict, buildings of cultural and educational institutions and communal (ha).

The density of residential buildings "gross" is calculated as the ratio of the area directly occupied by residential buildings to the entire area of the block / neighborhood:

,

where r w.w. gross is the density of residential buildings net (%);

S zh.z. – the area directly occupied by residential buildings (ha);

S total – total area of the block / microdistrict (ha);

The density of the housing stock. The density of the housing stock is the area of residential premises per 1 hectare of the territory of the microdistrict, it is also calculated in two versions "gross" and "net". The density of the "net" housing stock is calculated as the ratio of the total area of residential premises in square meters to the area of the residential part of the block or microdistrict in hectares:

,

where r.f. net is the density of the net housing stock (m2/ha);

S zh.f. – the total area of the housing stock (m2);

S w.h. – the area of the residential part of the block / microdistrict minus the territory of kindergartens, schools, gardens of the microdistrict, buildings of cultural and educational institutions and communal (ha).

The density of the gross housing stock is the area of residential premises per one hectare of the entire area of the block / microdistrict. It is determined by the ratio of the total area of residential buildings (sq. m.) to the entire area of the microdistrict (ha):

,

where r.f. gross is the density of the gross housing stock (m2/ha);

S zh.f. – the total area of the housing stock (m2);

S total – the total area of the block / neighborhood (ha).

Average housing security, m2/person – the ratio of the density of the housing stock "net" to the density of the population of the microdistrict "net";

The average number of storeys is an indicator that characterizes the building not only from the point of view of economics, but also comfort, it is noted that with a high number of storeys, the balance and harmony between the proportions and ratios of people – trees – residential buildings is disturbed. The average number of storeys of a building reflects the total share of residential buildings of different storeys, that is, when determining it, not just the number of buildings of a certain number of storeys is taken into account, but the area of the housing stock created by these buildings. The average number of floors of residential buildings, E – is determined by the formula of the weighted average harmonic:

E = O / (O1 + O2/2 + O3/3 + ... + Op/n),

where O is the total living area, m2;

O1, O2, O3, ... Op – the total area of one-, two-, three-, etc. storey buildings

n - number of floors;

Results. Using the data obtained from the microdistrict development project, as well as observations and open Internet sources, the calculation of the main technical and economic indicators of residential development of the microdistrict was carried out. The data obtained were summarized in a single table. Technical and economic indicators were calculated for the period autumn 2021, since the neighborhood is developing dynamically, and adjustments are being made to the initial project, the data will also change, the dynamics of the data will be taken into account further.

Table 1.Technical and economic indicators of the Festival microdistrict

Currently, the area of residential development is 67.9%, which is typical for medium- and higher-level residential development, however, it was also taken into account that the microdistrict is being built up further and this indicator will change significantly, and, accordingly, the indicators of population density and residential development "gross" and "net" will change. Currently, these indicators are at a high level.

The average number of storeys of the microdistrict is 9.32 floors, that is, the bulk of residential buildings above 9 floors, however, it should be noted that there are also no buildings above 10 floors on the territory of the microdistrict, which indicates a fairly comfortable "high-rise" background of development. Based on the calculation of the population, we determined the number of green spaces, with a norm of at least 6.0 square meters per person for Yoshkar-Ola ^[1,7], it turns out that the green area should be 5.1 hectares of the area of the neighborhood. This indicator includes, among other things, yard and inter-house territories, common areas inside red lines, as well as landscaping of children's educational institutions. This indicator will also affect the number of parking spaces and their location, to which further research will be devoted, using modern calculation methods.

Analyzing the data obtained and using the average statistical distribution by age groups, the average indicators of the distribution of the population by age structure were calculated. Age structure – the division of the population into groups based on age. The age structure of the Festival microdistrict is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 – Age structure of the neighborhood

The given data will be used in the future to determine the size of the territories of children's educational institutions, and a possible justification for the absence of a school in the territory development project.

Conclusions.

Thus, the main technical and economic indicators of the development of the Festival microdistrict in the city of Yoshkar-Ola for the current period have been calculated. As a result of the research, data have been obtained that indicate that the microdistrict is being dynamically built up, and the indicators of residential density, gross and net population will still change significantly. In addition, there is no school on the territory of the microdistrict, which will definitely affect the proportion of landscaping of the territory. The total area of landscaping of the microdistrict should be at least 5.1 hectares, including the territories of residential, public territories of the microdistrict, as well as the territories of children's educational institutions.

The data obtained will form the basis for calculations of the number of elements of landscaping the territory of the microdistrict, calculation of the number and location of parking lots and temporary storage of cars, as well as the possibility of applying the modern concept of "yard without cars".