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Loshchits I.V. Ontological Argument in the Middle Ages and Modern Times. Theoretical Aspect

Abstract: The article is devoted to the theoretical issues related to the phenomenon of ontological argumentation in the Middle Ages and Modern Times. The author of the article tries to find a unified form of the ontological argument that would be a general form for all historical variants of ontological argumentation. The author also offers a classification of different approaches to the problem and describes the main conceptual disagreements between supporters and detractors of ontological argumentation. The author also focuses on the origin of the ontological concept of God as the central element of ontological argumentation and its relationship with a posteriori argument of God's existence. The main references were the works of the medieval and new European authors as well as contemporary Russian and foreign researchers. Conclusions:  1. The author finds a unified form of the ontological argument and describes the main properties of ontological argumentation.  2. Different historical forms of ontological argument critics have been classified as the eight main types.  3. The author defines important conceptua grounds for supporting and critisizing the ontologica argument in terms of mind and being, thought and reality.  4. The author has analyzed the ontologica definition of God, proved that that definition was rational and discovered the sources of that concept in ancient philosophy as wel as works written by the aforesaid authors.     

Keywords:

ontological argument, God, Middle Ages, New Times, theology, metaphysics, Anselm of Canterbury, Descartes, Kant

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