Biyushkina, N.I. Topical aspects of bringing into force the Judicial Charters of November, 20, 1864

Abstract: The article provided for the publication is devoted to the studies of the specific features of territorial and temporal application of the judicial reform of 1864. The author pays attention to the various positions expressed by the Minister of Justice D.N. Zamyatnin, of the State Council by the Prince P.P. Gagarin, other public and state figures, and, first of all, by the Emperor himself on the issues of bringing into force of the Judicial Charters of November 20, 1864, these positions were studied by the author in correlation and dependency with other social, economic, cultural, and educational changes, which took place in the parallel with the reorganization of the judicial system in the post-Reform period of XIX century. The article is based upon critical positive analysis of theoretical and practical material, and it follows the logic of the process of introduction of the post-reform judicial institution at the said territorial and temporal ranges. Application of the dialectic method of cognition allowed the author to study the process of destruction of the “old” judicial institutions, formation and development of the post-reform institutions. Application of the historicism principle has provided the possibility to evaluate the process of judicial reform of 1864 within the framework of specific historical conditions of the time. The general scientific methods include analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, complex, functional and other approaches, allowing for relative distinguishing of introduction of the judicial reform of 1864 into the legal reality of the Russian state as a complicated public law matter as a set of elements of the post-reform judicial system. The article also used special scientific methods, including means and methods, allowing to gather, process and generalize the materials from the source basis for the article. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the studies of the process of practical implementation of the judicial reform of 1864. The author has studied the conditions, procedure, and specific features of the territorial and temporal range of application of post-reform institutions. New archive sources are introduced into the scientific turnover. In the process of studies the author provides characteristics of a number of conceptual problems regarding the fundamental aspects of the reforms starting in 1864.

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