Ðóñ Eng Cn Translate this page:
Nota Bene. Books, journals, publishing technologies.
Please select your language to translate the article


You can just close the window to don't translate ☒
Library
 Your profile
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Back to contents

National Security
Reference:

Muraschenkova, N.V., Gritsenko, V.V. Extremism as a social and psychological matter.

Abstract: The object of study in this article is extremism as social and psychological phenomenon. The goal of the article is to provide theoretical analysis of social and psychological nature of extremism, as well as establishing the definition of extremism from the standpoint of social-psychological approach. The authors single out a complex of psychological causes, serving as the basis for extremism and being psychological determining factors for the formation of extremist conscience and behavior of a person (pronounced extremity of a person in combination with moral nihilism, lack of basic trust to the world, xenophobia and aggression), they provide their own definition of extremism. The methodological basis for the studies includes complex and systemic approaches, which are presented in Russian psychological studies. Extremism as a social and psychological matter is regarded within the framework of studying psychology of evil and violence, and it is included into the problem field of the psychological security as a novel scientific direction in the Russian psychological studies. The methods of studies include theoretical analysis, synthesis and generalization. According to the definition given by the authors extremism as a social and psychological matter manifesting itself at the level of person as a subject of social relation is a type of violence, aimed purposeful aggressive behavior of a person (expressed by language or acts) towards another person or social group, which is related to the violation of the basic trust to the world and motivated by the personal superiority ideology, intolerance and xenophobia towards the object of violence. The formulated definition shows the possibilities and directions for the further empiric studies in the sphere of extremism psychology, and its results are important from the standpoint of efficient organization of psychological prophylactics and psychological correction of extremist manifestations in various age and social groups.

Keywords:

extremism, social and psychological approach, violence, extremist ideology, extremity, moral nihilism, basic sense of trust, hostility, xenophobia, aggression.

This article can be downloaded freely in PDF format for reading. Download article

This article written in Russian. You can find original text of the article here .
References
1. Bogatyrev K.A. Etnonatsionalizm v postsovetskoy Chuvashii // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2013.-9.-C. 1088-1096. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.9.2638.
2. Kuz'min A.V. Pravovaya reglamentatsiya metodov protivodeystvii rasprostraneniyu ekstremizma v molodezhnoy srede // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'.-2012.-1.-C. 31-33.
3. Proletenkova S.E. O nekotorykh osobennostyakh islamskogo fundamentalizma i merakh po ego protivodeystviyu // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'.-2012.-4.-C. 66-69.
4. Sochnev D.V. Normy administrativnogo prava i razvitie zakonodatel'stva v sfere protivodeystviya molodezhnomu ekstremizmu // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'.-2012.-3.-C. 32-35.
5. Yurchevskiy S.D. K voprosu o politicheskom ekstremizme na Severnom Kavkaze i problemakh protivodeystviya emu // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.-2012.-4.-C. 65-67.
6. Noyanzina O.E., Goncharova N.P., Maksimova S.G., Avdeeva G.C. Sovremennye vyzovy bezopasnosti: otsenka riska podverzhennosti ekstremistkim i terroristicheskim ugrozam v usloviyakh regional'nykh sotsiumov // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'.-2012.-1.-C. 213-254. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0417.2012.1.92. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_92.html
7. R. N. Getts Tekhnologii obshchestvennykh institutov v protivodeystvii politicheskomu ekstremizmu v sovremennoy Rossii // Pravo i politika.-2012.-3.-C. 474-480.
8. Yurchevskiy S.D. Nekotorye problemy protivodeystviya politicheskomu ekstremizmu (regional'nyy aspekt) // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.-2012.-2.-C. 9-13.
9. Vasnetsova A.S. Vakhkhabizm v Rossii: kharakteristika, vzaimosvyaz' s terrorizmom i ekstremizmom, perspektivy gosudarstvennogo regulirovaniya // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-11.-C. 154-201. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_10185.html
10. Yurchevskiy S.D. Soderzhanie i formy proyavleniya politicheskogo ekstremizma // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'.-2012.-3.-C. 36-42.
11. O. E. Noyanzina, N. P. Goncharova, G. S. Avdeeva Etnopoliticheskiy ekstremizm kak ugroza natsional'noy bezopasnosti Rossii // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2012.-2.-C. 76-87.
12. Wahl K., Tramitz K. Xenophobia: The Deep Roots of Extreme Emotions. Deutsches Jugendinstitut, English version. – Munchen, 2003.
13. A. E. Voskoboynikov Solidarnoe protivostoyanie nasiliyu i agressivnosti // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2012.-7.-C. 72-79.
14. Wahl K. Development of xenophobia and aggression // International Journal and Applied Criminal Justice. 2002. Vol.26. No2.
15. Galtung J. Cultural Violence // Journal of Peace Research. 1990. Vol. 27. No3. PP. 291-305.
16. McDevitt J., Levin J., & Bennett S. Hate crime offenders: An expanded typology // Journal of Social Issues.-2002.-¹ 58.-P. 303-318.
17. Sullaway M. Psychological perspectives on hate crime laws // Psychology, Public Policy and Law.-2004.-Vol. 10.-¹ 3.-P. 250-292.
18. Crandall C.S., Eshleman A. A Justification-Suppression Model of the Expression and Experience of Prejudice. // Psychological bulletin. 2003. Vol. 129. No3. PP. 414-446.
19. Yakh'yaev M.Ya. Fenomen ekstremizma: metodologicheskie problemy issledovaniya // Nauchnyy vestnik Volgogradskoy akademii gosudarstvennoy sluzhby. Seriya «Politologiya i sotsiologiya». 2011. ¹ 1 (5). S. 14-20.
20. Coleman Peter T., Bartoli Andrea. Addressing Extremism. Position paper New York: Columbia University, The International Center for Cooperation and Conflict Resolution, 2003.
21. Yakh'yaev M.Ya. Istoki i prichiny sushchestvovaniya ekstremizma kak negativnogo sotsial'nogo yavleniya. Ekstremizm.ru – internet-portal. URL: http://www.ekstremizm.ru/biblioteka/knigi/item/684-lichnostno-psihologicheskie-korni-ekstremizma (data obrashcheniya 15.12.13).
22. Ekstremizm i ego prichiny /Pod red. Yu.M. Antonyana. – M.: Logos, 2011. – 288 s.
23. Yurasova E.N. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti lits, sklonnykh k ekstremizmu, terrorizmu i ksenofobii // Yuridicheskaya psikhologiya. 2008. ¹ 4. S. 27-35.
24. Chuprov V.I., Zubok Yu.A. Molodezhnyy ekstremizm. Sushchnost' i osobennosti proyavleniya. // Sotsis. 2008. ¹5. URL: http://www.isras.ru/files/File/Socis/2008-05/zubok_chuprov.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 11.01.14).
25. Chuprov V.I., Zubok Yu.A. Molodezhnyy ekstremizm: sushchnost', formy proyavleniya, tendentsii. – M.: Academia, 2009. – 320 s.
26. Khorovinnikov A.A. Ekstremizm kak sotsial'noe yavlenie (filosofskiy analiz): avtoref. dis … kand. filos. nauk. – Saratov: Saratovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. N.G. Chernyshevskogo, 2007. – 28 s.
27. Federal'nyy zakon Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 25 iyulya 2002 g. ¹114-FZ «O protivodeystvii ekstremistskoy deyatel'nosti». URL: http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=148972 (data obrashcheniya: 05.12.13).
28. Fetiskin N. P., Kondrat B. N., Mironova T. I., Shepeleva S. V. Psikhologiya molodezhnogo ekstremizma v rossiyskoy mental'nosti: uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie. – Kostroma: KGU im.. N. A. Nekrasova, 2007.-36 s.
29. Tomalintsev V. N. Chelovek v XXI veke: poisk na grani tvorchestva i ekstremizma. – SPb.: Izdatel'stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2001. – 69 s.
30. Slovar' po politologii / Pod red. V.N. Konovalova. – Rostov-na-Donu: RGU, 2001.-285 s.
31. Sosnin V.A., Nestik T.A. Sovremennyy terrorizm: Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskiy analiz. – M.: Institut psikhologii RAN, 2008. – 240 c.
32. Reshetnikov M.M. Psikhopatologiya geroicheskogo proshlogo i budushchie pokoleniya // Prikladnaya psikhologiya. 1998. ¹4. S. 36-42.
33. Semenov V.E. Dukhovno-nravstvennye tsennosti i vospitanie kak vazhneyshie usloviya razvitiya Rossii //Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya dukhovno-nravstvennykh problem / Otv. red. A.L. Zhuravlev, A.V. Yurevich. – M.: Institut psikhologii RAN, 2011. –S.60-70.
34. Reutov V.E. Prichiny rasprostraneniya etnicheskogo ekstremizma i ksenofobii sredi molodezhi (Tsentral'nyy federal'nyy okrug). // Sbornik materialov sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya / Pod red. L.Ya. Dyatchenko. – Belgorod: Izd-vo BelGU, 2008. – S.33-46.
35. Problemy psikhologicheskoy bezopasnosti / Otv. red. A.L. Zhuravlev, N.V. Tarabrina. – M.: Institut psikhologii RAN, 2012. – 440 s.
36. Politicheskaya psikhologiya / Pod obshch. red. A. A. Derkacha, V. I. Zhukova, L. G. Lapteva. – M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2001. – 858 s.
37. Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Tolkovyy slovar' russkogo yazyka. – M.: Iti Tekhnologii, 2003. – 944 s.
38. Pilipenko V.F. Bezopasnost': teoriya, paradigma, kontseptsiya, kul'tura. Slovar'-spravochnik. – M.: Per Se, 2005.-192 s.
39. Murashchenkova N.V. Struktura sotsial'nykh predstavleniy molodezhi ob ekstremizme i patriotizme. Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsial'nykh problem (elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal). 2012. ¹ 12(20). URL: http://sisp.nkras.ru/e-ru/issues/2012/12/murashchenkova.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 05.12.13).
40. Morozova A.I., Kharitoshkin V.V. K voprosu o pravovom ponimanii ekstremizma // Vestnik TvGU. Seriya «Pravo». 2011. ¹27. S. 246-254.
41. Molodezhnyy ekstremizm / Pod redaktsiey A.A. Kozlova. ¬– SPb.: SPbGU, 1996.-87 s.
42. Mart'yanov V.S., Fishman L.G. Byt' svobodnym ili borot'sya s ekstremizmom? // Novyy mir. 2008. ¹ 11. Zhurnal'nyy zal – internet-portal. URL: http://magazines.russ.ru/novyi_mi/2008/11/ma10.html (data obrashcheniya 07.12.2013).
43. Malantseva O. D., Dozortseva E. G. Ksenofobiya i molodezhnyy ekstremizm: istoki i vzaimosvyazi. // Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie. 2012. ¹2. URL: http://www.psyedu.ru/files/articles/psyedu_ru_2012_2_2930.pdf (data obrashcheniya 06.12.2013).
44. Krysin L. P. Tolkovyy slovar' inoyazychnykh slov. – M.: Eksmo, 2008. – 944 s.
45. Krasikov V.I. Ekstrim: Mezhdistsiplinarnoe filosofskoe issledovanie prichin, form i patternov ekstremistskogo soznaniya. – M.: Vodoley Publishers, 2006. – 496 s.
46. Kroz M. V., Ratinova N. A. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie i pravovye aspekty ksenofobii. – M.: Academia, 2005.
47. Kornilova O.A. Marginal'naya lichnost' kak predposylka formirovaniya studencheskogo ekstremizma: avtoref. dis … d-ra psikhol. nauk. – Moskva: Moskovskiy gorodskoy pedagogicheskiy universitet, 2012. – 43 s.
48. Zaynalabidov A.S., Chernous V.V. Politicheskiy ekstremizm i ego profilaktika u studencheskoy molodezhi Dona. – Rostov-na-Donu: Izd-vo SKNTs VSh. – 2003.-345 s.
49. Zhuravel' V.P. Terrorizm, ekstremizm, separatizm. – M.: MakBlansh, 2005.-288 s.
50. Enikolopov S.N. Psikhologiya zla. // Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya dukhovno-nravstvennykh problem / Otv. red. A.L. Zhuravlev, A.V. Yurevich. – M.: Izd-vo «Institut psikhologii RAN», 2011. S. 308-335.
51. Bulgakov S. N. Geroizm i podvizhnichestvo // Vekhi. – M., 1909.
52. Burkovskaya V.A. Aktual'nye problemy bor'by s kriminal'nym religioznym ekstremizmom v sovremennoy Rossii. – M.: Institut pravovykh i sravnitel'nykh issledovaniy, 2005. – 226 s.
53. Dyurkgeym E. Norma i patologiya. // Sotsiologiya prestupnosti. – M.: Izdatel'stvo «Progress», 1966. S.39-44.
54. Bol'shoy psikhologicheskiy slovar' / Pod red. Meshcheryakova B.G., Zinchenko V.P. – M: Praym-Evroznak, 2003. – 672 s.
55. Bol'shaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya. Izdanie 1969-1978 gg. URL: http://www.slovar.com.ua/bse.html (data obrashcheniya: 10.01.14).
56. Baeva L.V. Molodezhnyy ekstremizm v usloviyakh sovremennogo krizisa kul'tury// 2000-2010 gody: evolyutsiya i genezis struktury sotsial'no-politicheskikh otnosheniy v Rossii i za rubezhom. / Pod red. D.P. Piskareva. Tom 2. – M.: «Avantitul», 2010. S. 143-147.
57. Aminov D.I., Oganyan R.E. Molodezhnyy ekstremizm. – M.: Triada, Ltd, 2005. – 196 s.
58. Baal' N.B. Fenomen molodezhnogo ekstremizma. – Tver': «Tverskoy gosudarstvennyy universitet», 2009. – 254 s.
Nota Bene
 
For authors
 
Other
 
Our sites
© 1998 – 2024 Nota Bene. Publishing Technologies. NB-Media Ltd.