Abstract: Protest mobilization is a complex multidimensional process, the implementation of which depends on a number of factors, both objective and subjective. Regular practices of large-scale demonstrations directed against the activities of state structures in various regions of the world, as well as an unprecedented decrease in the level of violence in the world, actualize issues related to the grounds of protest activity, as well as tools that characterize protest mobilization. In this regard, the subject of the study are the tools of protest political mobilization, and the purpose of the study, in turn, is to determine the boundaries of the use of violence and nonviolence as tools of protest mobilization. В В  Based on the principles of the theory of "adversarial politics" by C. Tilly to the analysis of violence and nonviolence in political activity, as well as using the analysis of current data on the practices of protest activity, the authors made a number of conclusions: 1) both violent and nonviolent instruments are rooted in the basis of protest activity, which are mixed within the framework of mass actions in various proportions; 2) violence is an integral part of mass protests, but the magnitude and intensity of violence is determined by the level of political dissatisfaction with the subjects of collective activity and the scale of the available resource base; 3) according to statistics, nonviolent forms of collective protest actions are more successful in realizing the stated goals of the subjects of mobilization.

Keywords: mass politics, protest performances, nonviolence, violence, political struggle, political protest, mobilization, protest, power, political conflict

Abstract: The subject of this research is the activity of Moscow Law Society (1865-1899). Its work is demonstrated in legal and political aspect of the development of public self-organization in Russia in the late XIX century. Emphasis is made on the aspects of activity of the organization pertinent to sociopolitical problematic, development of legal culture, ideas and practices of legal state, as well as contribution of members of the society to the development of liberal movement. The author also analyzes publishing activity of the society, and collaboration with the county self-governance. It is demonstrated that over the time of its existence, Moscow Law Society walked the path from a coterie in the university, which main goal was the discussion of questions of judicial reform and law, to the social significant organization that turned into a political association. The testimony to that is the particular results achieved by the society, as well as the actions of authorities with regards to its closure.

Keywords: Civil Society, Muromtsev, Political Culture, Legal Bulletin, Legal Culture, liberalism, self-organization, Moscow Law Society, legal State, Moscow University

Abstract: The object of this research is the Russian society and modern society in a broad universal sense. The subject of this research is the communication technologies. The goal lies in the analysis and forecast in the short and medium term of social development. In the context of studying political communication, the author analyzes the transitional period in Russia in the last quarter of the XX century from the perspective of transformation of social contracts between the government and society. This research traces the evolution of society using the propaganda tools. The author determines the transformation stated of social contracts in the Soviet Union/Russian Federation, formulates its definitions at each stage of the indicated period, as well as introduces the new approach towards examination of generally known facts and events for the considered period. Such approach opens a new perspective on the ongoing processes of globalization. The acquired results, extrapolated to modern trends of globalization process, allow concluding on further development of the theories and practices used in the indicated period for the establishment of global social contract.

Keywords: propaganda, psychological wars, social contract, neoliberalism, globalisation, propaganda-economics model, global social contract, soft power, publicity, 1990s

Abstract: The subject of this research is the manifestations of digital inequality, neglect of which can lead to distortion of feedback between the state and society in the process of rapid digitalization of various mechanism of their interaction. Particularly, the structure of offline and online society in Russia, as in the rest of the world, differs by many parameters. It is demonstrated that even though the phenomenon of digital inequality is well known and actively researched throughout the world, de facto its impact is not considered in government projects aimed at stimulating political participation on the basis of platform relations. For the first time, the author raises the question on the need for better study of the phenomenon of digital inequality in Russia in the context of the impact of its effects upon the quality of establishment of e-democracy and mechanisms of feedback between the government and society. Neglecting this factor in the conditions of rapid digitalization of public policy increases the risks of discrimination of interests of various social groups, development of digital ochlocracy, as well as other negative phenomena.

Keywords: Social statistics, Society, Digital literacy, Digital democracy, Internet democracy, Digital divide, Digital society, Internet users, Russia, Moscow

Abstract: In the current conditions of development of the market economy and democratization of government institutions there is a growing interest of political science regarding problems of cooperation between business and state. The author examines the methods and strategies used by the business actors in structuring relationship with the government authorities. The fusion of formal and informal methods in GR activity of business structures is of special interest for the modern political science due to its particular relevance for the countries with developing economy, when the communication between business and government is not regulated by legal norms. This article analyzes the application of formal and informal methods of GR based on the Lockheed Martin case study, which allows determining the correlation between the economic success of the corporation and the ability to efficiently combine formal and informal GR strategies. The scientific novelty of this work consists in describing the peculiarities of application of formal and informal GR methods in the activity of business actors. The author demonstrated the approaches towards understanding GR as a form of activity aimed at establishment of stable relations with the government authorities. Particular attention is given to examination of the informal aspects of GR, as there is no generally accepted view in the political science.

Keywords: neoinstitutionalism, informal relations, emerging economy, Russia, USA, lobbying, Government Relations, corporation, stakeholder, clientelism

Abstract: The object of this research is the institution of self-regulatory organizations in modern Russia as an instrument of managing political risks in the process of delegation of authority by the government; while the subject is the blockchain technology and the possibilities of its implementation in the process of functioning of the various institutions of modern society, particularly within the framework of operation of self-regulatory organizations. The author meticulously examines in which aspects in functioning of the self-regulatory organizations the blockchain technologies can increase their efficiency as an instrument of managing political risks in delegating authority by the government. A conclusion is made that application of the blockchain technology in terms of operation of the self-regulatory organizations can raise confidence of the citizens in the self-regulatory institution, as well as offset the political risks in delegation of authority to the self-regulatory organizations by the government. Thus, it is proven the efficiency of operation of the self-regulatory organizations as in instrument of managing political risks in delegation of authority significantly increases.

Keywords: risk, social institutions, delegation of authority, state authorities, blockchain, self-regulatory organizations, self-regulation, political risks, digitalization of economy, state policy

Abstract: This article examines the use of the term “petition” in international contracts, national legal acts, court decisions, as well as foreign legislation. The acts of the constituents of the Russian Federation alongside the bodies of local self-governance meticulously analyze the use of this term. Taking into account that the use of the term “petition” has not entrenched in the Russian jurisprudence, this work studies the two main approached towards its definition: as a variety of collective appeal regarding the important questions of social life, as well as external form of national law-making initiative. The conducted analysis allowed establishing that in the federal level acts the term “petition” is mentioned only in the Federal Law “On Environmental Protection”, but has no concrete definition. Reference to petitions can come across in the acts of constituents of the Russian Federation, and most often in the acts of local self-governance. The author concludes that in both, Russian and foreign jurisprudence, the word “petition” is traditionally considered as synonym to the word “appeal”. However, depending on the context of legal act or scientific approach, petitions are either equalized with addresses of the citizens, or considered exceptionally as their variety. We should specify that in the Russian constitutional law the term “petition” is primarily used in meaning of the collective address of citizens, including the special (enhanced) form of the collective address. The conducted analysis allowed substantiating the impracticality of use of the term “petition” in Russian legislation.

Keywords: Political law, Citizen, Complaint, Claim, Address of citizens, Expression of will, Collective address , Right to address, Appeal, Petition

Abstract: The subject of this research is the legal relations established in the process of realization of the social life regulatory norms. The object of this research is the rights and freedoms of a human and a citizen, which come under the influence of public control. Over a year ago, the special law regulating public control in the Russian Federation was passed in Russia for the first time. The law established the notion, subjects and forms of public control, as well as signified the possible responsibility for violations in this sphere. The author analyzes the established practice. Special attention is given to the questions of law enforcement in part of development of the regional legislation on public control, as well as information awareness about the results of public control. The main conclusion of the conducted research lies in the list of normative legal acts that require adopting amendments, imperfections in the acting legal system, as well as successful results associated with application of norms of the passed law. The main contribution into the scientific and practical activity consists in the generalized practical experience of the federal and regional importance. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the author is a direct participant of law enforcement, who is the first to suggest the results of monitoring of the law enforcement of a specific normative legal acts, as well as direction in development of the public control.

Keywords: State, Politics, Law, Human rights, Monitoring, Law enforcement, Public control, Law, Society, Constitution