Abstract: The subject of the research in this publication is the reflection of the image of the "enemy" in the Russian pre-revolutionary press, based on the material of the monthly magazine "The World of God", published from 1892 to 1906. The sections devoted to events at home and abroad, in the scientific chronicle and in individual articles written by both domestic and foreign authors, often contained information about international events, as well as judgments that allowed to form an image of a foreign power, defining it either as an "ally" or as an "enemy" in relation to towards the Russian Empire at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Major international events often served as an additional reason to create or change the established image of foreign powers. The main focus of the publication is on the images of the Far Eastern empires, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and the United States.  Content analysis allows you to track the frequency of mentions of various subjects related to a particular power, which allows you to understand the dynamics of public interest in events on the world stage. The use of the historical-genetic and historical-comparative method allows us to consistently trace changes in the description of events that took place in the international arena, to identify trends in the evolution of the image of the "enemy". The most mobile and ambiguous image formed on the pages of the "World of God" during the period under review is the image of Great Britain, which continues to act as one of the main rivals of the Russian Empire in the international arena. The Far Eastern powers, Japan and China, attract the special attention of the authors of the magazine, however, none of these powers can be considered as a real ally of Russia, and Japan eventually turns to open aggression in 1904, which is considered on the pages of the publication as a missed opportunity for a strong alliance. The most definite position of a hostile power is seen in relation to the German Empire and its allies – Italy and Austria-Hungary, but only Germany can act as a real dangerous opponent. The negative image persists on the pages of the "World of God" for the Ottoman Empire. France and the United States are not considered in the context of powers hostile and dangerous to the interests of the Russian Empire, although the growing military power of the United States raises concerns.

Keywords: Printed Periodicals, image of the enemy, Second Boer War, Great Qing Empire, German Empire, Empire of Japan, French Republic, British Colonial Empire, Russian Empire, Magazine Mir Bozhiy

Abstract: The topic of American neoconservatism remains relevant to this day due to its continuing influence on US politics. One of the most important issues is the problem of the origin of this ideological and political current. It is usually associated with the emergence of the Commentary and Public Interest magazines in the 1960s. Nevertheless, traces of neoconservatism are clearly visible at earlier stages, in particular, they can be traced on the pages of the “National Review” magazine, created in 1955. In this article we set the goal to determine the place of “National Review” at the initial stage of the history of American neoconservatism and to answer the question, what neoconservative principles were defended on its pages even before the appearance of the well-known publications of N. Podhoretz and I. Kristol. The chronological framework chosen is the second half of the 1950s - from the founding of the journal to the beginning of the intensive journalistic activity of the neoconservatives N. Podhoretz and I. Kristol and the emergence of “Commentary” and “Public Interest” in the vanguard of the neoconservative movement. It seemed important to place the historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods at the core of the study. The method of content analysis is also of great assistance. It helps to trace the intensity of the manifestation of the most fundamental topics for the journal and, as a consequence, to identify the principles defended by the editorial board. Summarizing the results of the study, it can be noted that the “National Review” played a significant role in the development of neoconservatism in the United States. This potentially allows us to clarify the chronological framework of its origin and extend the lower boundary to the second half of the 1950s. Characterizing the role of the “National Review” for neoconservatism, it should be noted that the main merit of the journal was the systematization and unification of diverse conservative currents under one roof, which would later be adopted by neoconservative ideologists. “National Review” has similarities with ”Commentary“ and ’”Public Interest” in a number of criteria: first, in the staff of editors and writers who were former supporters of communist ideology, and second, in the principles advocated - limited government, traditionalism, free market economy. Moreover, it was ”National Review” that first emphasized a strong foreign policy strategy.

Keywords: limited government, free market economy, R. Kirk, J. Burnham, W. Buckley, National Review, origins of neoconservatism, american conservatism, anti-communism, welfare state

Abstract: This article is intended to contribute to the research of the political pragmatics of Saxo Grammaticus’ «Deeds of the Danes» (c. 1208/1216). In modern historiography, the opinion has strengthened that the «Deeds of the Danes» expressed the interests of the customer of the historical work – archbishop Absalon of Lund (1177-1201), as well as the aristocratic family of Hvide, to which the prelate belonged. According to this point of view, the main purpose of the work was to preserve the influence of the Hvide family at court, which was to be achieved by demonstrating the dependence of royal power on the archbishop and his relatives. Therefore, the work of Saxo Grammaticus contains numerous examples of criticism of the rulers of the Valdemar dynasty (1157-1241), Valdemar I (1157-1182) and his son, Canute VI (1182-1202), cited to encourage the sovereigns to listen to the advice of magnates. The article presents arguments in favor of the opposite interpretation of the text of the «Deeds of the Danes»: the historical work was used to legitimize the royal power. Textual analysis and study of the motif of «imitation of ancestors» – a method of representing power in a narrative based on the tradition of name-giving – have shown that Saxo's contemporary, Danish king Canute VI, is compared in the work with his namesake ancestors. These comparisons serve to glorify the ruler and find correspondence in the official privilege of the Lund Cathedral (1186), thus being elements of the «court ideology». The fact that the «Deeds of the Danes» contains criticism of Canute VI is explained by the later editing of the text. Hypothetically, the reworking of the text could have been caused by the death of Absalon and Canute VI, to whom the work was intended.

Keywords: the image of the ruler, Canute IV the Saint, Canute VI, royal power, legitimation of power, medieval Denmark, name-giving, historiography, Saxo Grammaticus, the «Deeds of the Danes»

Abstract: The article is devoted to the historical influence of European libraries on the spiritual life of society, in particular, by the example of the phenomenon of witch hunting. In accordance with the basic principles of historical science, based on the analysis of a number of historical sources and modern research, the question of the influence of libraries on the phenomenon of witch hunts in Europe is being clarified. Research methods include both general scientific and specific historical methods. A comparative historical and descriptive approach is applied to the cited historical sources. The influence of libraries on the phenomenon of witch hunting in Europe is shown based on a review of historical sources about libraries on the phenomenon of witch hunting in Europe. Based on a review of historical sources about libraries dedicated to the phenomenon of witch hunting in Europe, the first attempt has been made to study the direct impact of libraries on the phenomenon of witch hunting in Europe. In this study, comparative historical and descriptive approaches of the above historical sources were used. Using these methods of processing archival documents, information on the influence of European libraries on the phenomenon of witch hunts is revealed on the basis of available sources. A review of some historical sources is proposed in order to clarify the influence of European libraries on the phenomenon of witch hunts in the context of certain chronological frameworks and socio-political conditions. The object of the study is the literature and libraries of Europe in transition. A problem-chronological method was used to study the influence of libraries on the phenomenon of witch hunts. The basis of the research consists of the main principles of historical science. Historicism and scientific research make it possible to assume the main influence of European libraries on the phenomenon of witch hunts according to the chronology of events against the background of the specified historical period of time. At the same time, the array of historical materials found and currently published is strictly taken into account. General scientific and special historical methods constitute the methodology of the presented research.

Keywords: the Inquisition, The Age of Enlightenment, Baroque, Renaissance, New time, Middle Ages, Europe, witch hunt, spiritual life, library

Abstract: The object of the study is the Novosibirsk samizdat of the 1980s - early 1990s, the subject is the socio–cultural ties underlying its creation and distribution. The aim of the work is to present a picture of the existence of the Novosibirsk samizdat of the late Soviet period on the example of the local art community and its involvement in the cultural context of the region. Special attention is paid to the interrelationships between various artistic, literary and musical circles operating in the general field of unofficial culture of the late Soviet era and the first post-Soviet years. The study is not limited to Novosibirsk, it also analyzes the precedent of a large number of republications between independent publications in Novosibirsk and Kostroma. At the center of the study is the figure of the leader of the cultural community (kulturtrager), around whom creative forces unite. The study used comparative historical, source studies, textual methods, the method of content analysis, as well as general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. The work introduces for the first time into scientific circulation a wide range of sources related to the history of Novosibirsk samizdat and the field in which it was distributed, describes the mutual influences of various local communities of Novosibirsk, which were based on informal publishing practices. The article considers in detail the samizdat magazine "Zelen'", which appeared at the turn of the 1980s - 1990s and is an example of late Soviet samizdat, the traditions of which were preserved in the regional book culture throughout the 1990s. The data given in the article will further serve to recreate the real cultural landscape of Novosibirsk of late Soviet and post-Soviet times with an emphasis on the informal sector of book culture.

Keywords: Perestroika, Novosibirsk, YRC Vostochny, Oleg Volov, Blumkin Shelter Partnership, unofficial culture, underground, alternative book publishing, samizdat, Zelen’

Abstract: The authors study the discussion on the relationship between parliament and voters in the English journalism of the beginning of the XVIII century. The authors consider one of the attempts of English voters to influence the policy of the already elected parliament – the "Kent Petition" of 1701, the authors of which sought to get the English Parliament to finance military preparations. The petition led to a large-scale discussion on the relationship between parliament and voters, the very ability of the latter to influence the activities of a representative body outside the election procedure. The arguments of the participants in this dispute are the focus of this article. Based on a wide range of sources, it is concluded that the problem of the relationship between parliament and voters became particularly relevant after the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688-1689, when the practice of regular convocation of parliament was established. The article shows that the discussion was conducted by supporters of early English "parties" - groups of Whigs and Tories. If the Whigs defended the right of voters to influence the policy of parliamentarians, the Tories considered such a practice risky and dangerous. The authors note the influence of the concepts of political thought that were widespread at that time on the positions of the parties: for example, the Whigs used the idea of a "social contract", while the Tories relied in their writings on the principle of "balance" between the elements of the English political system.

Keywords: public thought, whigs, tory, the idea of a social contract, Daniel Defoe, parliamentarism, history of Great Britain, journalism, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke

Abstract: The subject of this research is the concept of nobleness “l’honnêteté” as the category of ethical and spiritual life in the French society of the XVII century. The ideas of “l’honnêteta” promted the formation of the new cultural and intellectual elite, anew ethos that was relatively supranational and standing above classes, adapted to court and secular life. The focus of the discussion that unfolded in the early XVII century is the question of whether it is possible to become a noble person by cultivating certain personality traits close to the ideal, or nobleness is an inherent quality and determined by social position in the existing hierarchy. The answer to this crucial question of the era had to destroy the stereotypes of medieval mentality. The philosophy of “l’honnêtetit” legitimized the infiltration of the third estate into the ruling class – nobles of the robe and petty nobility. The discussion around nobleness and the new ideal of a noble person performed the function of adaptation of the elites to the changing social conditions – the strengthening absolutism. The debate on the definition of a noble person continued unabated throughout the XVII century. However, by the second half of the XVII century, it was no longer relevant and completely replaced by the gallant ideal. The Russian historical literature did not give due attention to studying the “theory of nobleness”, which defines the relevance of this research. The focus of attentions shifts onto the new ideal that determines behavioral and communication pattern, system of education, and generated French society in the early XVII century; the ideals, which along with the French language and gallant culture, spreads across Europe and comes to Russia.

Keywords: literature of XVII Century, art to please, gallant aesthetics, gallantry, philosophy of XVII Century, aesthetics of XVII Century, theory of honnetete, French literature, French aristocracy, Court of Louis XIV

Abstract: The research subject of this study is the British society in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, while the article's research object is the contradiction between the ethical imperatives of the British imperial project and its society's traditional conservative-democratic values, which ultimately became the basis for the conflict between the ideas of nation and empire. The aim of this article is to reconstruct and analyze the specifics of the English society's perception during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries of the imperial project as a threat to the conservative and democratic traditions of Great Britain. The study is grounded on basic scientific principles and methodology of cultural history, while at the same time is based on the fundamental paradigm of imaginary communities and the constructivist theory of identity. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its attempt to examine the contradiction between the imperial ethics and the traditional system of values in the English society, on the one hand, and the elites representing these different projects, on the other. The authors demonstrate the conflict between the culture of governance and the attitude towards the law, established in the British Isles by the 19th century, and the practice of “administrative slaughter” of colonial officials, who were perceived as a threat to the Anglo-Saxon legal model. Particular attention is paid to the features behind the formation of colonial administration representatives. The authors analyze the characteristics of the English state-legal ideal, reveal the reasons for the transformation of state models under the conditions of managing colonies, and show the role of the British elite, the “younger sons”, in the development of the imperial project of Great Britain.

Keywords: civilizing mission, white man’s burden, colonialism, empire, Great Britain, values, imperialism, missionary, British society, imperial project

Abstract: The personal context of history, the individual world of experience and the perception of historical events are today the main topics of modern historical sciences. Into the circle of the research space of this article, the authors have included a range of sources of personal origin (diaries, memoirs, letters) that project the national-cultural experience and scientific strategies of the first intellectuals. The subject of this study is the life and fate of a representative of the Yakut national intelligentsia through the lens of autobiographical evidence (his personal diary) in the context of social communications and strategies. The object of this study is the history of academic training and the formation of the Yakut national intelligentsia in the context of the activities of Russian intellectual communities. In this article, the authors have undertaken an attempt at creating a historical comprehension of the "self-narrative" within the framework of a biographical discourse, where the interpretation of the autobiography acts as social practice. The conducted biographical analysis of the diary entries of A. N. Nikiforov has allowed to reveal only a fragment of an important "story about self" as a representative of a certain spiritual and religious community. The reconstruction of the "life" world of the first intellectual A. N. Nikiforov in the context of social communications and strategies of practice is one of the methodological novelties of this study. The analysis of the behavioral code of the first intellectuals, characterized by selfless service to science with a deep sense of duty and responsibility for the preservation of the disappearing life of the northern ethnicities, makes it possible to talk about the formation of a special intellectual culture in Yakut society during the period under study.

Keywords: national intelligentsia, retrospective analysis, invisible college, correspondent, museum and ethnographic collecting, ego-documents, biographical discourse, personal context, social communication, intellectual culture

Abstract: The research subject of the presented work is the biography and creative legacy of the Spanish intellectual, writer and philosopher Ramiro de Maeztu, while the research object is the evolution of his views, gradually going from the liberal ideas of the Generation of ’98 to his later conservative views. The author examines and analyses the stages in the biography and literary career of Ramiro de Maeztu, paying special attention to the historical context, the influence of his surrounding intellectual environment, and the sociocultural factors that determined the ideological evolution of the writer. The key method of research applied in this study is the method of the “new intellectual biography”. The author relies on the methodological developments carried out by the Centre for Intellectual History (Russian Academy of Sciences) on Modern Intellectual History, Personal History, and biographic research. As a result of this research the author comes to the following conclusions: the evolution of Ramiro de Maeztu's views was caused by the sociocultural and intellectual environment of the time, as well as the historical context of the era. The tragic events of 1898 became the starting point for the evolution of de Maeztu’s views, which led to the development of his concept of "Hispanidad". The novelty of this research lies in the fact that Ramiro de Maeztu is not a well-known figure in Russian historiography. This study is the first attempt to explore Ramiro de Maeztu’s life through the approach of "the new intellectual biography".

Keywords: Ramiro de Maeztu y Whitney, biography, intellectual history, national idea, history of Spain, conservatism, beginning of the 20th century, political publicism, Latin America, national identity

Abstract: The subject of this study is the cultural-historical concept and method of K. Lamprecht examined in the light of his biography and the place they occupied among the scholar's work on other topics. The article not only traces the links, but also the influence of K. Lamprecht's life events, as well as of his immediate socio-cultural environment, on the sphere of his scientific interests and on his works. This study is placed in the subject fields of source study historiography, intellectual history, and also in the phenomenological concept of source study. The study used the source study and comparative methods, as well as the methods of narrative division and dialogue. The historiographical sources are analysed as products of the time to which they belong and their author is perceived as "the Other", a member of a different culture. The novelty of this study is determined by the very approach to the work of K. Lamprecht, as well as the examination of the cultural-historical method itself. It is shown that K. Lamprecht, known as the author of the cultural-historical method, for a long time studied the Rhine region, and also held certain positions. He used his career advancements to closely study his topic of interest and to develop his cultural-historical method, which became famous due to the author's own efforts, reflected not only in the writing of texts and discussions on the given subject, but also in the opening of an institute that applied this method.

Keywords: K. Lamprecht, cultural-historical method, cultural history, methodological discussion, cultural age, intellectual history, source study historiography, intellectual biography, phenomenological paradigm, method of dialogue

Abstract: This article examines the phenomenon of the ideology behind the “conservative revolution” within the intellectual space of the Weimar republic in Germany. The author gives a general description of the “conservative revolutionary movement” in the context of the development of German conservatism in the Weimar republic and notes that the “conservative revolutionary movement” was an attempt to create new German conservatism and nationalism of a radical nature. The “conservative revolutionaries” were not satisfied with the system of values and with the political concepts of traditional German conservatism, which is why the author addresses in detail the problem of the correlation between traditional and modernist traits in the ideological heritage of the “conservative revolutionaries”. On the example of the ideological and political concepts of the leading representatives of the “conservative revolution” O. Spengler, A. Moeller van den Bruck, K. Schmitt, E. Jünger, E. Niekisch, the author analyses their views on modernism and their individual contribution to the formation of a general modernist trend in the intellectual phenomenon of the “conservative revolution”. The author comes to the conclusion that the “conservative revolutionaries” took up a search for contemporary forms and methods of representing their views, which were positioned by them as a “new worldview” and a “new ideology”. For this aim they used modernist categories to convey their ideas to the masses and to develop contemporary methods for theoretically combatting their ideological opponents. The ideology of the “conservative revolution” became one of the forms of right-wing modernism.

Keywords: right-wing modernism, nationalism, traditionalism, modernism, Germany, Weimar republic, “conservative revolution”, O. Spengler, K. Schmitt, E. Jünger