Review: The modern world includes the disparity between formal democratic institutions and cultural, historical,
value-oriented tradition, which are historically formed in certain states (societies). The matter of democracies meeting
formal procedural requirements, while their democratic nature is dubious, formed new concepts for the description
of the changes, which are generally called “democracy with adjectives”. Currently the discourse of “democracies with
adjectives” involves over 60 states, and the most detailed discussion is based upon the examples of Latin American
states. The methodological basis for the studies involves systemic, systemic structural, geopolitical and cultural
civilization approach, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling, observation. The article describes
the concept of “democracy with adjectives”, providing graphic examples of states, which are involved in this discourse, singling out certain characteristic features typical of these regions, allowing to show regional spread of
democracy problems and their configuration, to find out whether certain problems are typical of one group of states,
or the problems have no regional dimension.
Keywords: politics, administration, international relations, democracy, political regime, Latin America, democratization, regional spread, interests, security
Contact information: Shitova, Elena Nikolaevna, 115035, Russia, Moskva, ul. Bolshaya Ordynka, 21.
References:
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Manoylo A.V. Spetsifika tsvetnykh revolyutsiy «Arabskoy vesny». // Izvestiya Ural'sk. Federal'nogo Un-ta. Ser. 3. Obshchestvennye nauki. 2013. №3. S. 30-36.
Manoylo A.V. Siriyskiy tupik «Arabskoy vesny». // Vestn. Mosk. Un-ta. Ser. 12. Politicheskie nauki. 2013. №6. S. 49-56.
Manoylo A.V. Strategii "upravlyaemogo khaosa" v usloviyakh khaotizatsii mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy: mif ili real'nost'? // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. — 2014.-№ 1.-S.1-3. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.1.10750. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wi/article_10750.html
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Stahler-Sholk, R. El Salvador’s Negotiated Transition: From Low-Intensity Conflict to Low-Intensity Democracy // Journal of Interamerican studies and World Affairs, V. 36, N. 4 (1994), pp. 1-59
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Roque, P.Cr. Angola's Facade Democracy // Journal of Democracy, V. 20, N. 4 ( October 2009), pp. 137-150
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Petrov, Lipman. Hale. Overmanaged Democracy in Russia: Governance Implications of Hybrid Regimes / Carnegie Papers (2010)
Puhle, H. Democratic Consolidation and “Defective Democracies" // Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Working Paper 47/2005. pp. 1-20.
Neher, C.D. Asian Style Democracy // Asian Survey, V. 34, N. 11 (November 1994), pp. 949-961
Ottaway M. Democracy challenged: the rise of semi-authoritarianism. Carnegie Endowment for International peace. 2003. 256 pp.
O'Donnel, G. Delegative Democracy? // Journal of Democracy , N. 1 (1994)
Nasr V. The Rise of "Muslim Democracy" // Journal of Democracy, V. 16, N. 2 (2005), pp. 13-27
Loveman B. "Protected Democracies" and Military Guardianship: Political Transitions in Latin America,1978-1993 (1994)
Magen A., Morlino L., Hybrid regimes, the rule of law, and external influence on domestic change. 25 p. P 1.
Kasfir N. "No-party Democracy" in Uganda // Journal of Democracy, V. 9, N. 2 (1998), pp. 49-63
Levitsky S., Way L. Elections without democracy: the rise of competitive authoritarianism // Journal of Democracy-Volume 13, Number 2, April 2002, pp. 51-65.
Hagopian and Mainwaring. Democracy in Brazil: Problems and Prospects // World Policy Journal, V. 4, N. 3 (1987), pp. 485-514
Henderson K. The Slovak Republic: explaining defects in democracy // Democratization, V. 11, N. 5 (2004), pp. 133-155
Htun, M. From "Racial Democracy" to Affirmative Action: Changing State Policy on Race in Brazil // Latin American Research Review, V. 39, N. 1 (2004), pp. 60-89
FreedomHouse.org
Fritz, V. Mongolia: The Rise and Travails of a Deviant Democracy // Democratization, V. 15, N. 4 (2008), pp. 766-788
Gills, B. and Rocamora, J. Low Intensity Democracy // Third World Quarterly, V. 13, N. 3 (1992), pp.501-523
Good, K. and Taylor, I. Botswana: A Minimalist Democracy // Democratization, V. 15, N. 4 (2008), pp. 750-765
Farred G. Disorderly Democracy: An Axiomatic Politics // The New Centennial Review, V. 8, N. 2 (2008), pp. 43-65
Dryzek, J.S. Deliberative Democracy in Divided Societies: Alternatives to Agonism and Analgesia / Political Theory, V. 33, N. 2, (April 2005), pp.218-242
Diamond L. Thinking about hybrid regimes // Journal of democracy, V. 13. 2002. # 2. 21-35 pp.
Brumberg, D. The Trap of Liberalized Autocracy // Journal of Democracy-Volume 13, Number 4, October 2002, pp. 56-68.
Croissanta A. From transition to defective democracy: mapping Asian democratization / Democratization, V. 11, N. 5 (2004), pp. 156-178
Beverley Milton-Edwards, Fasade democracy and Jordan / British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, V. 20, N. 2 (1993), pp. 191-203
Berntzen. Democratic Consolidation in Central America: a qualitive comparative approach / Third World Quarterly, V. 14, N. 3, Democratization in the third world (1993), pp. 589-604
Vinogradova E.A. Levyy povorot v Ekvadore // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 2. - C. 129 - 133. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2013.02.4.
References (transliteration):
Manoylo A.V. Natsional'no-gosudarstvennye modeli psikhologicheskogo upravleniya konfliktami. // Obozrevatel'-Observer.-2008.-№2. – S.118-123
Raykhlin E.I. Bylo li neizbezhnym krushenie «sotsializma» v SSSR? Prichiny evolyutsii «real'nogo sotsializma» // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.-2013.-4.-C. 471-480. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2013.4.9750.
Zvorygina M.A. Rossiyskiy federalizm i zarubezhnyy opyt konsotsial'noy demokratii // Trendy i upravlenie.-2014.-1.-C. 14-20. DOI: 10.7256/2307-9118.2014.1.12384.
Valiullin I.I. Evolyutsiya ponyatiya «informatsionnaya voyna» v politicheskoy nauke // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.-2014.-1.-C. 68-74. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2014.1.10064.
T. P. Petrova Sovremennoe sostoyanie vneshnepoliticheskikh otnosheniy Rossii i Peru: problemy i perspektivy mezhdunarodnogo sotrudnichestva // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2012.-3.-C. 86-92.
Karpovich O.G. Novyy miroporyadok i konfigurirovanie sistemy mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy vo vneshney politike SShA // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2013.-10.-C. 1270-1275. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.10.10013.
Karpovich O.G. Demokratizatsiya v sovremennykh kontseptsiyakh rossiyskikh i amerikanskikh issledovateley // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2013.-3.-C. 494-500. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.3.8083.
T. P. Petrova Diplomaticheskie otnosheniya mezhdu Rossiey i Peru: sovremennoe sostoyanie i dinamika razvitiya // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.-2012.-1.-C. 46-53.
Karpovich O.G. Demokratiya i demokratizatsiya v kontekste novogo miroporyadka // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2013.-8.-C. 1012-1020. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.8.9142.
Manoylo A.V. Spetsifika tsvetnykh revolyutsiy «Arabskoy vesny». // Izvestiya Ural'sk. Federal'nogo Un-ta. Ser. 3. Obshchestvennye nauki. 2013. №3. S. 30-36.
Manoylo A.V. Siriyskiy tupik «Arabskoy vesny». // Vestn. Mosk. Un-ta. Ser. 12. Politicheskie nauki. 2013. №6. S. 49-56.
Manoylo A.V. Strategii "upravlyaemogo khaosa" v usloviyakh khaotizatsii mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy: mif ili real'nost'? // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. — 2014.-№ 1.-S.1-3. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.1.10750. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wi/article_10750.html
Wong, J. Deepening Democracy in Taiwan // Pacific Affairs, V. 76, N. 2 (2003), pp. 235-256
Zakaria, F. The rise of illiberal democracy // Foreign Affairs, (1997)
Sanin, F. Fragile Democracy and Schizophrenic Liberalism: Exit, Voice, and Loyalty in the Andes / International Political Science Rewiew, V. 26, N. 1 (2005), pp. 125-139
Stahler-Sholk, R. El Salvador’s Negotiated Transition: From Low-Intensity Conflict to Low-Intensity Democracy // Journal of Interamerican studies and World Affairs, V. 36, N. 4 (1994), pp. 1-59
Sadiki, L. Political Liberalization in Bin Ali's Tunisia: Facade Democracy // Democratization, V. 9, N. 4 (2002), 122-141
Roque, P.Cr. Angola's Facade Democracy // Journal of Democracy, V. 20, N. 4 ( October 2009), pp. 137-150
Remmer K. Exclusionary democracy // Studies in Comparative International Rueschemeyer Development, V. 20, N. 6 (1986), pp. 64-85
Petrov, Lipman. Hale. Overmanaged Democracy in Russia: Governance Implications of Hybrid Regimes / Carnegie Papers (2010)
Puhle, H. Democratic Consolidation and “Defective Democracies" // Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Working Paper 47/2005. pp. 1-20.
Neher, C.D. Asian Style Democracy // Asian Survey, V. 34, N. 11 (November 1994), pp. 949-961
Ottaway M. Democracy challenged: the rise of semi-authoritarianism. Carnegie Endowment for International peace. 2003. 256 pp.
O'Donnel, G. Delegative Democracy? // Journal of Democracy , N. 1 (1994)
Nasr V. The Rise of "Muslim Democracy" // Journal of Democracy, V. 16, N. 2 (2005), pp. 13-27
Loveman B. "Protected Democracies" and Military Guardianship: Political Transitions in Latin America,1978-1993 (1994)
Magen A., Morlino L., Hybrid regimes, the rule of law, and external influence on domestic change. 25 p. P 1.
Kasfir N. "No-party Democracy" in Uganda // Journal of Democracy, V. 9, N. 2 (1998), pp. 49-63
Levitsky S., Way L. Elections without democracy: the rise of competitive authoritarianism // Journal of Democracy-Volume 13, Number 2, April 2002, pp. 51-65.
Hagopian and Mainwaring. Democracy in Brazil: Problems and Prospects // World Policy Journal, V. 4, N. 3 (1987), pp. 485-514
Henderson K. The Slovak Republic: explaining defects in democracy // Democratization, V. 11, N. 5 (2004), pp. 133-155
Htun, M. From "Racial Democracy" to Affirmative Action: Changing State Policy on Race in Brazil // Latin American Research Review, V. 39, N. 1 (2004), pp. 60-89
FreedomHouse.org
Fritz, V. Mongolia: The Rise and Travails of a Deviant Democracy // Democratization, V. 15, N. 4 (2008), pp. 766-788
Gills, B. and Rocamora, J. Low Intensity Democracy // Third World Quarterly, V. 13, N. 3 (1992), pp.501-523
Good, K. and Taylor, I. Botswana: A Minimalist Democracy // Democratization, V. 15, N. 4 (2008), pp. 750-765
Farred G. Disorderly Democracy: An Axiomatic Politics // The New Centennial Review, V. 8, N. 2 (2008), pp. 43-65
Dryzek, J.S. Deliberative Democracy in Divided Societies: Alternatives to Agonism and Analgesia / Political Theory, V. 33, N. 2, (April 2005), pp.218-242
Diamond L. Thinking about hybrid regimes // Journal of democracy, V. 13. 2002. # 2. 21-35 pp.
Brumberg, D. The Trap of Liberalized Autocracy // Journal of Democracy-Volume 13, Number 4, October 2002, pp. 56-68.
Croissanta A. From transition to defective democracy: mapping Asian democratization / Democratization, V. 11, N. 5 (2004), pp. 156-178
Beverley Milton-Edwards, Fasade democracy and Jordan / British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, V. 20, N. 2 (1993), pp. 191-203
Berntzen. Democratic Consolidation in Central America: a qualitive comparative approach / Third World Quarterly, V. 14, N. 3, Democratization in the third world (1993), pp. 589-604
Vinogradova E.A. Levyy povorot v Ekvadore // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 2. - C. 129 - 133. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2013.02.4.