Abstract: Based on the analysis of a vast massif of multi-lingual scientific literature in the broad context, the author examines development of the perception of the phenomenon of digital transformation of society as a whole and science in particular. Since digital transformation takes place “here and now”, objectively leading the process of scientific cognition in its essence and results, any current results of comprehension of this scale of multi-level process objectively carry private, intermediary character. However, clarification of the content of this concept and formation of analytical constructs that would unambiguously describe the specificity of the new social reality are necessary for the theory and management practice. It is noted that academic concept of digital transformation of science did not completely form and is dynamically changing in accord with the development of reality. Analysis of the scope of ideas pertaining to digital transformation and various accompanying concepts allows formulating perceptions on the essence of this phenomenon in the sphere of science. This work demonstrates the dual character of the impact of digitalization upon the scientific sphere and functionality of knowledge.

Abstract:  
The object of this research is the clusters included into the register of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia (Minpromtorg). Keeping the production in line with the scientific and technological progress for manufacturing high quality import-substituting products is defined by the capabilities and industrial structure of the clusters. For examining the aforementioned aspect, the study reviews and generalizes the basic characteristics of the subjects of production of the 28 industrial clusters included into the register of Minpromtorg of Russia. Focus is made on determination of peculiarities in the industrial structure of clusters depending on their specialty and affiliation to certain districts of the Russian Federation. The following conclusions were made: the industrial structure of clusters included into the register of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia depends on their specialty; in quantitative ratio between the large, medium and small businesses of the industrial structure of cluster formations, usually dominates the number of small business enterprises; the industrial structure of cluster formation clearly demonstrates the role of clusters as the instrument for development of small business. The authors’ special contribution into the research of this topic lies in determination, analysis and generalization of the industrial structure of clusters included on the register of Minpromtorg of Russia. The scientific novelty consists in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the industrial structure of clusters under consideration. The article is prepared within the framework of the research and development project XI.172. 1.2. (0325-2017-0002) “Scientific Bases of the Regional Cluster Policy of Russia” of 2018; state registration number is ÀÀÀÀ-À17-117022250124-7.
 

Abstract: The subject of this article is the methodological issues related to assessment of efficiency of the government administration. The authors attempt to assess the substantial differences of productivity of the regional management in constituents of the Far Eastern Federal District based on the mortality indexes: life expectancy at birth (for male and female population), infant mortality coefficient, and crude death rate. The work provides a brief analysis of the current demographic process of mortality in the subjects of Far Eastern Federal District, as well as presents the typology of the Far Eastern regions. The authors determine the types of regions in accordance with the level productivity of the government authorities: relatively productivity, lesser productivity, average productivity, weak productivity and, and ineffectiveness of the regional management. The authors believe that disregard for mortality trends in assessment of the situation can lead to the erroneous conclusions pertaining to socioeconomic situation of the regions. It is recommended to use mortality rates within the system of indexes (or as the initial characteristics of integrated index) for assessment of efficiency of the government administration.

Abstract: The subject of this research the analysis of compliance of the established system of higher education with the potential transition of the Russian economy into the phase of the fourth industrial revolution. The author pattern the long-term economic cycles of national economy, based on which conduct the analysis of cornerstone factors that generate its phase shifts. The implemented assessments, based on the methods of economic and mathematical modelling, allowed determining the prospects and time horizons in transition of the Russian economy onto the track of the fourth industrial revolution, carrying out a factor analysis and revealing the role of the higher school within the system of subsequent generating transformation. The authors were able to identify the focal problems in the Russian system of higher education from the perspective of the rates and quality of the development of Russian economy in accordance with the newly emerging global principles and mechanisms of economic growth. The scientific novelty lies in the formulated conceptual approach towards determining the key directions in development of the higher school, considering the global trends in transformation of the reproduction processes and anticipated phases of economic transformations in the national economic system. In conclusion, it is argued that the development of scientific research potential within the modern Russian economy explicitly demonstrates the change in descending trends during the period from 1996 to 2002.

Abstract: The object of this research is the conceptual grounds of the formation of clusters of rational environmental management. The subject of this research is the methodological tools of economic development modeling based on the formation of clusters of rational environmental management within the framework of regional territory. The goal of the work lies in formulation of the economic and mathematical model of the formation of clusters of rational environmental management that expands the methodological potential of forecasting and planning of territorial development. Special attention is given to peculiarities of the process of multi-cluster development in the area of rational environmental management, which determine the initial conditions of articulation of the considered scientific problem. The author presents the approach towards solution of the tasks of economic development and modernization of economic systems of the Russian regions on the basis of the model of prospect development of the clusters; as well as suggests separating multi-clusters of environmental management as an adequate mode of economic modernization for majority of the old industrial regions of Russia. The article identifies the specificities of economic and mathematical model of the formation of multi-cluster of rational environmental management; and formulated articulation of the task for optimization of economic development of the territory based on the formation of multi-cluster of rational environmental management, as well as limitation of indexes of the desired variables.

Abstract: In the modern and rapidly developing world, under the conditions of advancement of the information and communication technologies (ICT), crowdsourcing gradually encompasses one sphere after another. Increasingly frequently, such instrument is applied not only in business and social projects, but also the public administration system. Thus, in terms of social and political transformations, crowdsourcing takes over a sizeable place among the well-known methods, technologies, and instruments of control, conducing the integration of efforts of the state, business, and society in resolving the socioeconomic issues, which defines the reasonableness of examining the possibilities and forms of development of the aforementioned technology in the work of government bodies of all levels. Methodological foundation of this research leans on the analysis of the Russian practice of realization of the crowdsourcing projects, which allowed identifying the critical spots in theory and practice of their implementation into the system of public administration. Relevance of the topic at hand is substantiated by the insufficient methodological elaboration regarding the introduction of crowdsourcing into the work of government bodies on the background of rapid development of ICT and growing number of the Russian crowdsourcing projects, which possess great potential for development of the system of relations between society, business, and government agencies.

Abstract: The object of this research is the process of informatization of management in the economic sector. The subject of this research is the impact from the active implementation of information technologies of management upon the state of this process. The article explores not the segment of digital industry, which efficiency and reasonableness of which unquestionable, but the “digital” economy as a whole. The relevance of this work is defined by substantial discrepancies in the export opinions on “digital” economy. To analyze the content of these discrepancies, the author examines the peculiarities of “digital” economy in comparison with the process of informatization of management in other areas of activity. The use of systemic approach, methods of decomposition and comparative analysis, allowed viewing the questions of “digitalization” of economy in a complex, as one of the spheres of human activity. Based on application of generalization method, a conclusion is made that “digitalization” of economy is not a “know-how” or panacea from all problems, rather the transfer of its management to a new level ensuring achievement of vast results with current capacity and means by increasing the efficiency of their utilization. At the same time, the analysis of the factors of “digitalization” revealed that it would exert certain influence upon development of “real” economy, and it is unacceptable to not take it into account.

Abstract: This article synthesizes the state strategic audit of socioeconomic development and the changes in its content in the context of developing digital economy. The author examines the structuring of the state strategic audit within the system of resulting components of digital economy; as well as analyzes the fundamental principles of the impact of digital economy upon the parameters of using production factors in the conditions of digital economy. The research emphasizes the importance and problems of usage of the tools of economic-mathematical modeling, its place within the system of strategic audit in terms of implementation of digital platforms. The new technological stage in digital development of the society on the basis of the modern industrial economy requires the elaboration of tools founded on the network platforms of strategic audit of the development of sociologic system of the state. The aforementioned processes pertinent of structuring of the state strategic audit, along with its place and application of the economic-mathematical modeling in the system of the basic resulting components of digital economy, would contribute to improving the quality of state administration.

Abstract:  
This article is dedicated to the question of assessing the activity efficiency of top management in the Russian state-owned enterprises (SOE). The author examines the motivational aspects of the executives in proprietary’s interest and application of the just system of material incentives. The focus on state-owned enterprises is substantiated by their significant weight in economic sector of the Russian Federation. Special interest present the universal for all SOE methodological guidelines provided by the Federal Agency for State Property Management aimed at establishment of the system of assessment and motivation of the chief executives. Special attention is given to the principal – agent problem. Leaning on the analysis of the existing methodological guidelines alongside the study and systematization of recommendation of the Russian and foreign specialist on the problem of assessment and motivation, the author makes suggestions on amendments and improvements of such provided by the Federal Agency for State Property Management. The importance of the acquired results consists in possibility of their implementation for increasing efficiency of the system of assessment and motivation of the executives at the level of a singular SOE as a whole, and its separate projects in particular. Special relevance is presented by the author’s propositions on implementation of various schemes of financial incentives depending on a project run by an executive: creation of new business, support and development of the already existing commercial project, realization of cash-consuming projects necessary for achieving certain goal of a corporation.
 

Abstract: The object of this article is the competitive ability of a region within the current economic system of the state. The subject of this research is a region as one of the junction centers, which employs territorial state policy, economic interests of the region itself, and large capital. In modern world, the competitive ability of the subjects of the state forms as a result multiple factors, particularly economic, social, and political. Thus, the questions and issues regarding the competitive ability of the regions under the conditions of complicated transformation processes have acquired special relevance in the contemporary economic science. The authors examine the theoretical grounds of development of the competitive ability of a modern region, give analysis to the definitions of the concepts of “competitive ability” and “competition”, suggesting that the latter implies a certain dynamic action of economic subjects, contention between themselves as a competitive process. Competitive ability, in turn, implicates the opportunity for a specific subject to participate in the indicated action, and thus, the possession of certain qualities that provide such opportunity. The analyzed determinants are the basic in determination of the competitive ability given by the authors. The scientific novelty lies in the discovered dependence between the level of competitive ability and availability of the factors of production.

Abstract: The object of this research is the socially oriented Russian non-profit organizations (SO NPO). Functionality of these organizations and the use of human resources has its own specificity. The subject of this research is the labor motivation and the system of incentivization of employees in the socially oriented non-profit organizations. The goal lies in determination of the current issues and trends in the area of labor motivation and stimulation of the wages in SO NPO for increasing efficiency of functionality of the third sector and implemented in the Russian Federation social policy as well as in testing of methodology for more extensive research. On the specific empirical example, the authors demonstrate the hierarchy of the key labor motivators among the personnel of the socially oriented non-profit organizations in the current conditions, as well as consider the question on possibility of using the key efficiency indexes in the third economic sector. The article refutes the traditional statements on the peculiarities of motivation of the workers of the Russian NPO, and analyzes the new trends in the area of incentivization the employees of socially oriented organizations. It is statistically substantiated that the average salary of the personnel of non-profit organizations is competitive as compared to the average salary of employees of a number of crucial sectors of the Russian economy. The authors observe the convergence of principles, methods of increasing work performance, motivation of personnel applied in the commercial and non-profit sectors of the economy. With improvement of the system of incentivization of employees, the attractiveness of socially oriented non-profit organizations as an employer will grow.

Abstract: This article is devoted to analyzing the intellectual property management features in the innovative cluster. The author substantiates the necessity for individual approach to intellectual resources management within the innovative cluster.The intellectual property management forms are being analyzed in connection with organizational-legal form of cluster managing entity. The international experience of intellectual property management functions transfer to outsourcing is being examined on the example of German regional Rhein-Necker cluster. The author analyzes cases of such transfer expediency.The main methods of this study are general scientific methods of analyze, synthesis, induction, compare, analogy and systemic method. The author makes a conclusion about efficiency of intellectual property management centralization and proves the expediency of special structure creation – intellectual property management center, which is vested with functions in intellectual property objects evaluation, their defense, commercialization potential evaluation, and essentially, commercialization. The other conclusion consists in optimality of exclusive license contract for accordance of access to intellectual property objects to organizations, which are participants of the cluster.

Abstract: The object of this research is the processes of transformation of economy influenced by the advancement of digital technologies and its corresponding forms of education system management. The subject of this research is the changes in approach towards education of lawyers in the conditions of the advancement of digital technologies. The authors substantiate the relevance of developing a complex innovative model of education management and retraining of lawyers within digital economy; give brief characteristic to the degree of research of the problem of transformation of the legal education in modern Russia; present factors of transformation of legal practice and legal education in the context of digital economy. A conclusion is made, according to which the current transformation of legal education suggests the following: development of new conceptual and organizational-management approaches towards formation of legal education system; development of forms and vectors of legal education that correspond to the digital reality; update to the content component of legal education. The scientific novelty of the proposed approach towards reform of the legal education within advancement of the digital economy consists in its systematicity, comprehensive character and demonstrativeness, proposing consideration of the experience of legal training in other countries with advanced digital infrastructure, as well as Russian realities.

Abstract: The implementation of scientifically substantiated investment policy at the regional level requires identifying the sectoral investment priorities, which considerably contributes to choosing the strategically important vectors for ensuring state support and creating the necessary concentration of resources. Therefore, this article conducts a comparative analysis of approaches and methods of assessing the sectoral investment priorities established within the Russian and foreign literature. The approach that understands the investment attractiveness of the sector as sectoral priority is recognized as the most promising; it allows determining the current condition of the sector, its strong and weak sides trough assessing the separate potentials and risks. The scientific novelty and relevance of the provided results consist in the fact that the author proposes a simultaneous use of two methods, which allow implementing the basic criteria of choosing the sectoral investment priority, and eliminating such flows of the multiple authorial methodologies, as the absence of precise algorithm on conducting assessment and restriction in applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) only by determining weighting coefficients. In turn, the application of AHP as an independent method, contributes to overcoming excessive formalization of decision-making with regards to sectoral investment priorities.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the activity of the European Union in the area of energy security for the EU member states. The object of this research is the execution of domestic energy policy of the EU, which was developed by the EU with its member states between during 2000-2011. Special attention is given to the study of the European Commission reports, which contain the official data of the EU on the state of its energy economic sectors of the EU member states and the work of the European Commission aimed at increasing energy efficiency of the EU economy and reduction of dependency of its member states on imports of energy resources from and through third-party countries. The main conclusion of the conducted research  is that the execution of the domestic energy policy of the EU lead to realistic shifts in the state of energy security  for its member states. The novelty of this research consists in the discovery of three new trends in energy development of the EU member states, which emerged as the result of adhering to the EU energy policy by the European Commission and the EU member states. The author’s contribution to the research of this topic consists in the discovery of the European Union disruption of the negative parallel ties, which existed until very recently; firstly, between the growth of EU economy and the increase in energy consumption, and secondly, between the growth of EU economy and an increase in emission of greenhouse gasses.

Abstract:  
The subject of this research is the econometric modelling for assessing the impact of the evolution of human capital upon the socioeconomic development. The object of this research is the process of influence of human capital upon the socioeconomic development on the example of Russian regions. The goal of this work is the quantitative assessment of the effect of evolution of human capital upon the dynamics of socioeconomic processes. The main hypothesis of the research lies in the thesis that the regional human capital exerts significant influence on the ongoing regional socioeconomic processes. It is suggested that there is a direct correlation between the level of development of human capital and the effectiveness of socioeconomic development of the territories; at the same time, the character and closeness of such correlation is differentiated in accordance with the regional clusters. Methodological foundation contains the modern provisions of econometrics, theory of human capital, and macroeconomic theory of sustainable growth. Based on the formed database (43 indexes over the period from 2011 to 2016 for 71 subjects of the Russian Federation) using the Best Subsets method, the authors structure the econometric models (linear and nonlinear) that functionally describe the dependence of socioeconomic development from the level development of the regional human capital. For avoiding multicollinearity of indexes, as well as reducing the dimension of models while maintaining the quality of information, the authors apply the principal component analysis. The models are built for each of the five clusters determined by the authors in the previous works. Data processing is conducted in R environment considering panel data model.
 

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of development prospect of natural gas industry of the Republic of Azerbaijan that traditionally takes on the role of the exporter of oil and petroleum products, as well as seeks to strengthen its role as a natural gas exporter. The authors examine the country’s mineral resource potential along with the dynamics of such indexes as the extraction, consumption, demand for natural gas and its export in Azerbaijan and the world. The article explores the key natural gas fields (Azeri–Chirag–Gunashli, and Shah Deniz), gas transportation infrastructure of Azerbaijan, and the project on its development. In conclusion, the authors determine the two directions in development of natural gas industry in Azerbaijan: orientation towards domestic consumption and integration in the world market. The European and Asian regions are considered as the most promising directions for the increase in gas supply. The authors highlight that the role of Azerbaijan as a supplier of natural gas will grow due to exploitation of the deposits, as well as expansion of the export infrastructure.

Abstract: The object of this research is the specificity of socioeconomic activities in Russian society. The subject of this research is the specificity of functionality of service labor in the context of development of the national model of management of socioeconomic activities in the modern Russian society. The goal of the article consists in the examination of peculiarities of the impact of service labor upon the Russian middle class, taking into account its role in development of the national model of management of socioeconomic activities. The authors reviews the cultural and historical aspects of the development of service labor, specificity of the Russian middle class and civil society in relation to the peculiarities of socioeconomic activities of Russians. The main conclusions lies in the idea that the loyalty of representatives of the middle class pertinent to the government vertical and its bureaucratic apparatus is largely substantiated by the established practices of service labor. In this regards, the middle class in general experiences the deficit of sociopolitical subjectivity, while continues to perform an essential function of supporting the social stability. It is noted that the service labor can contradict the value orientation with the middle class representatives, who wants to exercise their initiative and realize the professional functions in the conditions of market relations. Thus, the impact of service labor encourages the formation of such model of socioeconomic development of the Russian civil society, in which the value orientations of the middle class are focuses on the coexistence with government structures, rather than the struggle.  At the same time, the key vector of development of the national model of management of the socioeconomic activities suggests the growth of subjectivity of the middle class and civil control due to the increase of the overall level of transparency. Because the functionality of service labor in Russian society in many ways is justified by the peculiarities of basic institutional matrix (X-matrix), its effect will continue to remain, especially for the social classes involved in civil service. In separate segments of the middle class, primarily in the groups of creative class, we can observe the trend towards the rejection of service labor that is associated with the lesser economic dependency and game rules dictated by the communal environment of the Russian society. Therefore, the further prospects of development of the national model of socioeconomic activities center around the complementary integration of the institutional practices common to the maker and redistributive social systems.  The development socioeconomic activities and enhancement of the scientific innovative activity, necessitates focusing on the development of special institutional formations that establish favorable environment for realization of the creative abilities of representatives of the middle (creative) class.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the electronic government and its arriving replacement the digital government, which technologies are aimed at full digitalization of government mechanisms, rendering of public services using the shared infrastructure. Special attention is given to the problems of transition to digital government in the Russian Federation, including the overcoming of interdepartmental disunity in application of digital technologies, increasing transparency of government mechanisms, and their orientation towards the end user. The scientific novelty consists in determination of the innovation practices of establishment of the digital government, including integration of digital platforms of the various departments, implementation of cloud technologies of data exchange and processing, creation of the state cloud infrastructure and development of the government applications of shared use for rendering and optimization of the new digital services.

Abstract: This article examines the development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation in the context of realization of the principles of sustainable development of the territory, including the aspects of ensuring national security of state and society. The object of this article is the Russian Arctic Policy; while the subject is the economic, organizational, and legal mechanisms that ensure sustainable development of the Arctic territories within the framework of implemented policy. Special attention is given to the aspects of realization of the Arctic Policy in foreign countries, as well as the key challenges and opportunities of sustainable development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation. In conclusion, the authors determine the priorities and prospects of implementation of state policy in Arctic, taking into account the importance of preservation of socioeconomic interests of the state alongside the potential of strengthening the national security. The scientific novelty consists in identification and systematization of the key challenges and opportunities of implementation of the state policy, which ensures the sustainability of development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation. This allows concluding that at present stage, Russia’s strategy in the Arctic must be oriented towards the search for resources and opportunities for ensuring the sustainable socioeconomic development of the territory, as well as the preservation of its status as a world’s territory and constructive international cooperation, fortified by the military presence that establishes the balance of powers within the region and the state’s national security.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the process of establishment of the new system of public management in Russia under the current circumstances. Relevance of the problem of inconformity of the systems of public administration to the emerging requests of civil population alongside the challenges and threats to functionality of the systems of public administration as a whole, caused by the corresponding shifts in the social, economic, environmental, cultural, and other spheres of social life, is substantiated by the urgent need for modernizing the system of public administration in order to preserve the integrity of society, stabilize the process of its further development, as well as enhance the efficiency of the work of public management systems. The goal of this study consists in formulation of the parameters of a new model of public management in Russia, considering the priorities of its strategic development, claimed by the country’s leadership, modern level of development of the system of public management in Russia, current orientation of scientific thought, and practical realization of management trainings towards the necessity of increasing effectiveness and productivity of the Russian system of public administration. For achieving of the set goal, during the course of this research the authors completed the following tasks: studied the existing models of functionality of the systems of public management in foreign countries; structured their systemic characteristic; formulated the parameters of a new model of public management system; made recommendations aimed at implementation of the new principles into the system of public management at the current stage of its development. The scientific novelty lies in creation of a new model of public management, which in realization of the suggested recommendation on its implementation into the system of public management is able to ensure greater transparency in the work of the branches of government, include interests of citizens into the process of public decision-making, increase the efficiency and results of the system of public management as a whole, as well as advance the use of information technologies for the purpose of cutting costs of maintenance of the administrative apparatus of the system of public administration.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the prospects of development of public relations branch in Russia, and the specificity of training of PR specialists in the Russian universities. The article examines the key trends in PR sphere, peculiarities of work of the public relations specialists, as well as the demands placed on Advertising and Public Relations graduates. The authors point at the main problems experienced by the young public relations specialists at the job market, ways for their overcoming and improvement of educational process in the Russian universities. A detailed analysis of the public relations market in Russia is conducted. The scientific novelty lies in comprehensive implementation of the methods of systemic and comparative analysis towards examining the Russian PR industry, as well as in the attempt to formulate the key approaches towards the work with PR students in preparation of bachelors. The main conclusions of the article are associated with understanding of the current status of PR technologies in Russia and suggestions on improving educational process in the universities that prepare public relations specialists.

Abstract: This article examines the problems in the area of procurement by state-owned enterprises (SOE). The subject of this research is the work of the monitoring agencies in the procurement area. The relevance of research in this area is very high due to undisputed interest by the state as the proprietor in increasing the efficiency of procurement by the SOEs. Special attention is given to the analysis of the concepts of “procurement”, “market” and “monitoring” as the basic and necessary aspects for this research. In doing so, the author carefully examines the aspects of development of forms of electronic procurement monitoring. One of the key conclusions made in the course of this research is the possibility of practical application of the algorithm of electronic monitoring of the purchaser registration for prevention of fraudulent activities by legal entities. The scientific novelty consists in the substantiation of the need to transition the mechanism of dispute of procurement to an electronic platform, which would allow cutting costs for the monitoring agency. The results of this research suggest that it is necessary to form a catalogue of products, work and services in order to analyze the procurement by the monitoring and auditing agencies more efficiently.

Abstract: This article provides the key positions of author’s report presented this year at the educational intensive course “Island 10-22” that took place in Skolkovo Innovation Center. The author demarcates the concepts of “social technology” and “social design”. While social technology means constant social situations as a condition for reproduction of this activity, the social design is oriented towards development of the situation, representing unique activity and unique solutions. Peculiarity of the social design and social technology is seen by author in the orientation of these types of social action towards human and their good, as well as in application of socio-humanitarian knowledge. General positions of the article are substantiated by the analysis of two cases: “technologies of restoration justice” forming in Russia and successful social project “development of mass uncompensated donorship”. As the result of the conducted research, the author was able to characterize and distinguish number of concepts important for social engineering: traditional and nontraditional design of three types of technologies – social technology, social design, and socio-humanitarian knowledge. Additionally, analysis was conducted on two interesting cases of social engineering, which should have made the theoretical distinctions of the author more understandable.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the public sphere of modern society, as well as the modern information and communication technologies based on the Internet. The authors carefully examine the evolution of Internets as a vector of overcoming the deficit of public and modern democratic practice; as well as analyze the “powerful” deliberative model of democratic policy, views of the New Left upon the decentralized democracy, position of the communitarians who advocate the need of the advancement of media as an instrument of ensuring citizens’ access and participation in public sphere, as well as the critical attitude of cyber-libertarians with regards to government initiatives on cyberspace control (on the example of Singapore and China). The research methodology leans on historical, comparative and analytical methods that reveal the main peculiarities of transformation of the public sphere affected by the modern Internet environment. The scientific novelty lies in examination of limitations and capabilities of the corporate and government control over the public sphere of the Internet; peculiarities of development of the open-source software, modern Internet technologies, work of the civil activists and public organizations that support democratic practice in terms of the growing monitoring potential of the network.

Abstract: This article is devoted to the issues of conceptualization of the concept of “space economy”. Currently, this term is practically unused within the Russian public discourse and is absent in both, the conceptual apparatus of the science, as well as in the official political legal documents. However, the objective need for adequate account of the changing international context in the national development strategies (increase in competition on the global space market, challenges of the new “space race”, active stimulation of space activity by national governments as the driver of socioeconomic progress) makes the subject relevant for Russian science and practice. The work demonstrates the advantages of inclusion of the concept of “space economy” into the scientific and practical discourse. It is illustrated that the discussion on the concepts is a necessary component of understanding the reality, since the absence of an adequate term often excludes important processes with long-term prospects from the sphere of perception (and thus, control and management). The author formulates a number of practical recommendations on improvements of the institutional legal provision of development of the Russian space sector.

Abstract: The object of this research is the peculiarities of managing development of the space industry of the United States, since this country is able to maintain leadership in space despite rapid and drastic changes of external factors. The subject of this article is the analysis of the place and role of the Government Accountability Office (GAO) within the American “ecosystem” of space management. Special attention is given to the functionality of this agency as an outline of “feedback”, as well as its impact upon the improvement of state space policy and the activity of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The author analyzed the main methods and functions of the Government Accountability Office of the United States pertaining to the assessment of the projects and activities of NASA. It is noted that the Government Accountability Office not only timely detects the potential planning errors and problems of implementation of large-scale NASA projects, but also objectivity contributes to prevention of budget risks and optimization of the national space policy.

Abstract: The subject of this research is tax incentive that is a part of the process of innovative activity. Taxation is viewed as a tool for advancement of innovations. The experience of foreign countries demonstrates that government support in the form of funding, tax incentives, government subsidized loans, and creation of essential infrastructure play a big role in modernization processes. Expansion of the practice of implementation of tax incentives for stimulating innovations requires a theoretical comprehension of this process. This article examines the coefficient that characterizes economic effectiveness of tax incentives as correlation of separate indexes of innovation activity of recipients and benefits from tax spending. Assessment is conducted on the effectiveness of tax incentives in accordance with the data on innovation activity and tax revenue from different sectors that are leaders in the innovation sphere. The following conclusions were made: tax mechanism of stimulating innovation activity are not very popular and effective; precision of calculation is significantly affected by the current issues with the information base: complete absence of information with respect to stimulus recipients; the results of analysis demonstrate that the rate of increase of decreasing budget revenue surpasses the rate of growth that characterizes innovation activity of the taxpayer that testifies to the insufficient effectiveness of the provided tax incentives, prompting suggestion of new means for stimulation of tax incentives. The author proposes to amend statistical tax report, highlighting the information on the entire range of existing tax incentives. Consideration and control over rationality of tax incentive mechanisms would allow optimizing the list of tax incentives for innovation activity, as well as expand the list of sectors that use such incentives.

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of the internal contradictions in the Russia - NATO relations. The object of the study is the system of relations between the Russian Federation and NATO; while the subject is problems and contradictions in the aforementioned relations at present stage. The author identifies the three types of internal contradictions: general internal contradictions between Russia; contradictions within NATO; and internal contradictions of the countries. The internal contradictions in Russia – NATO relations are divided into ideological, economic, military, and political. The first tyoe of contradictions is the internal contradictions. The second type is the conflict between dominance of the United States and reluctance of the European member-states go far beyond the regional framework. The third kind is contradiction within the United States, between European members of the Alliance, and the internal contradictions of Russia. Such contradictions currently exert significant pressure upon the process of interaction between the parties in the area of national security of the Russian Federation.

Abstract:  
Global competition for financial resources and associated with such process challenges to the Russian economy, substantiate the need for comprehensive study of the development of national financial infrastructure for the purpose of ensuring financial security. The object of this article is the financial infrastructure, while the subject is the financial security as a qualitative factor of financial; infrastructure, which reflects its global competitiveness. The goal of the research consists in formation of methodology for assessing the level of country’s financial security under the conditions of global competition, taking into account the state of national financial infrastructure on the basis of indicative system of criteria and indexes. The scientific novelty lies in development of the categorical apparatus of financial security. Within the framework of the research, the author clarifies the definitions of such terms as financial security and threat to financial security, formulates the country’s national interests in the area of financial security, as well as criteria for financial security that ensure such interests, considering the state of financial infrastructure. The article determines the indexes for evaluating the correspondence of financial infrastructure to the criteria of financial security. Leaning on the suggested criteria and indexes of the country, the indicative system of assessment of financial security is being formed.
 

Abstract: The subject of this research is the evolution of state administration, since the period of the new public management (1990’s – early 2000’s) until the era of digital management (early 2000’s to the present). An important component of the subject of this research is the practice of implementation of the open data to the practice state administration since the late 2000’s, which leans on the increasing number of government datasets, cloud processing technologies and production sharing, using the civic activists networks, web-based applications “mash-ups”  and crowdsourcing. The object of this research is the state administration as the activity of bureaucratic structures, associated with rendering of public services and execution of managerial functions and powers in the conditions of rapid implementation of modern information communication technologies. The scientific novelty consists in description of the key peculiarities of shifting towards the second wave digital management on the example of open data, which are founded on the digital platform, cloud computing, social networks, various web applications and Web 3.0 generation digital technologies.

Abstract: The object of this research is the processes of clusterization of economic systems of Russian regions, particularly Volga Region, in the conditions of establishing innovation economy. The subject of this research is the modern successful practices of regulation of the clusterization processes and innovation development of regional economic systems. The author explores such aspects of this topic as peculiarities of economic development of sectoral and territorial segments of innovation clusters, and integration of production within the framework of cluster formations. Special attention is given to the innovation clusters – leaders in investment attractiveness on the global scale, being members of a priority project of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. The conclusion is made that each of the examined clusters form their own trajectory of development that is based on unique competitive advantages, while maintaining orientation towards the general model of cluster development. The author’s contribution lies in systematization of the successful cluster development and determination of common elements of the model of formation of innovation clusters on regional level.