Abstract: The article deals with the problem of an ethnic group as interpreted by the evolutional concept of culture. Almost for two centuries cultural anthropology has been studying man. In its interpretation, the world of human being appears to be an expression of ethnographic factors. In the middle of the past century the concept of cultural evolutionism took shape. Its outstanding representative was Leslie A. White (1900-1975). He was an active participant of theoretical discussions of the middle of the 20th century. In 1949 a book of his essays was published in which he discussed not only general problems of culture but also the role of ethnic groups in interpretation of cultural dynamics. The book contained selected essays that defended evolutionary theory of cultural development (he united them in Part I), several works where Leslie A. White introduced his concept of culture (part II) and articles dealing with particular problems of anthropology (parts III-VI). With some exceptions, the composition of the book belongs to L. White. All works except for the two – «Satellites and Gods; or the Press, the Clergy, and an Anthropologist» and «Anthropological Approaches to Religion» (1957) – had been published before in journals and books, many of which are currently hard to get. Together they give a complete idea of the creative method and concept in general.For the past century there were the following three fundamental methods of explaining cultural changes – historical, structural-functional and evolutional ones – that were engaged in dispute on the scientific arena. Each of them, as it is shown in the article, reflected one of the aspects of cultural dynamics or one of the levels of the cultural process or subprocess.The novelty of the article is related to the analysis of the problem of an ethnic group in the evolutionary concept of culture. The author critically reviews the main ideas of this ethnological essay and shows that it is possible to reveal the specificity of an ethnic group as a phenomenon only within the framework of the philosophical-anthropological discourse. Understanding of human nature permits to deeper and more fundamentally understand an ethnic group as a constructive idea.

Keywords: ethnology, evolution, method, anthropology, man, ethnic group, culture, philosophy, structure, psychology

References:
White L.A. The science of culture. N.Y., 1949.
White L.A. The concept of cultural systems: A key to understanding tribes a nations. N.Y., 1975. 192 p.
Kroeber A.L., Kluckhohn C. Culture: A critical. preview of concepts a. definitions. Cambridge (Mass.), 1952. 223 p.
Antichnaya filosofiya: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Predsed. red. koll. P.P. Gaydenko; Otv. red. M.A. Solopova. M., 2008. 896 s.
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. Otrazheniya kul'tury / Sost. L.A. Mostova, SPb., 2011.
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. Simvolicheskoe pole kul'tury / Sost. L.A. Mostova. SPb., 2011.
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. T. 1. Interpretatsiya kul'tury. SPb., 1997.
Gumanitarnoe znanie i vyzovy vremeni / Otv. red. i sost. toma S.Ya. Levit. SPb., 2014.
Gurevich P.S., Paleeva N.N. Filosofiya kul'tury. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M., 2014
R.M. Aleynik Sotsial'naya antropologiya ‒ etnologiya ‒ kul'tura // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 3. - C. 40 - 53.
R.M. Aleynik Chelovek etnicheskiy // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2011. - 10. - C. 41 - 49.
Shazhinbatyn A. Etnos: filosofsko-antropologicheskiy diskurs // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2015. - 2. - C. 187 - 207. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2015.2.14658. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_14658.html
E.M. Spirova Fenomen dukha
v filosofskoy antropologii // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 1. - C. 26 - 34. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.01.4.
A. Shazhinbatyn Etnichnost' v kontekste
chelovecheskoy prirody // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2012. - 5. - C. 7 - 15.
K. Levi-Stross Final. Chast' 2 // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 1. - C. 19 - 26.

References (transliteration):
White L.A. The science of culture. N.Y., 1949.
White L.A. The concept of cultural systems: A key to understanding tribes a nations. N.Y., 1975. 192 p.
Kroeber A.L., Kluckhohn C. Culture: A critical. preview of concepts a. definitions. Cambridge (Mass.), 1952. 223 p.
Antichnaya filosofiya: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Predsed. red. koll. P.P. Gaydenko; Otv. red. M.A. Solopova. M., 2008. 896 s.
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. Otrazheniya kul'tury / Sost. L.A. Mostova, SPb., 2011.
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. Simvolicheskoe pole kul'tury / Sost. L.A. Mostova. SPb., 2011.
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. T. 1. Interpretatsiya kul'tury. SPb., 1997.
Gumanitarnoe znanie i vyzovy vremeni / Otv. red. i sost. toma S.Ya. Levit. SPb., 2014.
Gurevich P.S., Paleeva N.N. Filosofiya kul'tury. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M., 2014
R.M. Aleynik Sotsial'naya antropologiya ‒ etnologiya ‒ kul'tura // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 3. - C. 40 - 53.
R.M. Aleynik Chelovek etnicheskiy // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2011. - 10. - C. 41 - 49.
Shazhinbatyn A. Etnos: filosofsko-antropologicheskiy diskurs // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2015. - 2. - C. 187 - 207. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2015.2.14658. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_14658.html
E.M. Spirova Fenomen dukha
v filosofskoy antropologii // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 1. - C. 26 - 34. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.01.4.
A. Shazhinbatyn Etnichnost' v kontekste
chelovecheskoy prirody // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2012. - 5. - C. 7 - 15.
K. Levi-Stross Final. Chast' 2 // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 1. - C. 19 - 26.

Abstract: In this paper the author considers the peculiarities of the treatment of women in connection with the ethno-religious characteristics of the processing of their appearance (for example hijab). The object of the study were 56 people (30 women and 26 men) aged 18 to 30 years (mean age 27 years), residents of the city of Rostov-on-Don. This age group was chosen due to the fact that young people are most susceptible to influence and manipulation group. The study used Cook-Medley hostility scale (method translated and adapted Yu.A.Mendzheritskoy), as well as the author's questionnaire, which consisted of stimulus material (2 sets of photographs - the 5 girls in first case was a portrait shot from the front with natural make-up, a second set - the same girl, but in black hijab), respondents were asked to assess the attitude of the girls represented in the photographs on a scale from friendly to hostile. Based on the results we can say that the level of aggression can lead to a negative, hostile attitude towards the Muslim girl (based solely on the design of external appearance), moreover men were more likely rated their attitude to the girls in hijab as a more hostile.

Keywords: aggressiveness, hostility, Islam, psychology of attitude, design of external appearance, appearance, social psychology, hijab, friendliness, discrimination

References:
Brown L., Brown J., Richards B. Media representations of Islam and international Muslim student well-being // International Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 69, 2015, p. 50-58
Hassim N. Hijab and the Malay-Muslim Woman in Media // Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 155, 6 November 2014, p. 428-433.
McDermott-Levy R. Going alone: The lived experience of female Arab-Muslim nursing students living and studying in the United States // Nursing Outlook, Volume 59, Issue 5, September–October 2011, Pages 266-277.e2
Dosanova M.G. Gorodskie zhenshchiny v khidzhabe. Novyy fenomen v Kazakhstane? // Vestnik RUDN, seriya Sotsiologiya, 2010, ¹ 3 S.5-11.
Ruby T.F. Listening to the voices of hijab // Women's Studies International Forum, Vol. 29, Iss. 1, January–February 2006, p. 54-66
Tarasenko O.V. Khidzhab v islamskoy religii // Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo lingvisticheskogo universiteta. 2010. ¹ 581. S. 217-226.
Hopkins C. T. Social reproduction in France: Religious dress laws and laïcité // Women's Studies International Forum, Vol. 48, January–February 2015, p.154-164.
Sidorov D.V. Islamofobiya sovremennoy Rossii // Nauchno-analiticheskiy zhurnal Obozrevatel'-Observer. 2014. ¹ 5 (292). S. 34-41.
Pogontseva D.V. Etno-lukizm: vzglyad na problemu // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2013.-6.-C. 144-150. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.6.9490.
Timoshchuk A.S. Obrazovanie i pravo kak instrumenty gosudarstvennoy politiki v oblasti etnokonfessional'noy bezopasnosti // Vestnik Vladimirskogo yuridicheskogo instituta. 2014. ¹ 2 (31). S. 61-64.
Labunskaya V.A. «Vidimyy chelovek» kak sotsial'no-psikhologicheskiy fenomen // Sotsial'naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo. ¹ 1, 2010, S. 26-39.
Sharafutdinova E. Zhenskiy terrorizm v kontekste islamskogo integrizma // Gosudarstvennoe i munitsipal'noe upravlenie. Uchenye zapiski SKAGS. 2011. ¹ 4. S. 170-180.
Fedorova Yu.E. Islam v vospriyatii sovremennogo evropeyskogo soobshchestva: stereotipy i real'nost' // Filosofskaya mysl'. — 2014.-¹ 7.-S.99-125. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2014.7.13036. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/fr/article_13036.html
Rakityanskiy N.M.. Rassmotrenie islamskogo mentaliteta (politiko-psikhologicheskoe esse) // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. – 2014. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2014.2.11478
Labunskaya V.A., Bzezyan A.A. Osobennosti otsenivaniya razlichnykh komponentov etnokul'turnykh tipov vneshnego oblika kak proyavlenie diskriminatsionnogo otnosheniya // Rossiyskiy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 2013. T. 10. ¹ 3. S. 37-43.
Murashchenkova N.V.. Patriotizm kak faktor profilaktiki molodezhnogo ekstremizma: sotsial'no-psikhologicheskiy podkhod // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. – 2014. – ¹ 9. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.9.12635
Mahmud Y., Swami V. The influence of the hijab (Islamic head-cover) on perceptions of women's attractiveness and intelligence // Body Image, Vol. 7, Issue 1, January 2010, p. 90-93.
Wagner, J. T. Do anti-immigrant sentiments track into Danish classrooms? Ethnicity, ethnicity salience, and bias in children’s peer preferences / J. T. Wagner, L. B. Camparo, V. Tsenkova, J. C. Camparo // Intern. J. of Educ. Research. 2008. Vol. 47, is. 5. P. 312–322.
Arsel'gov A.U. Etnicheskie stereotipy v kul'ture : na primere kul'tur Severnogo Kavkaza : dissertatsiya ... kandidata filosofskikh nauk-Rostov-na-Donu, 2011.-147 s.
Ho C. Muslim women's new defenders: Women's rights, nationalism and Islamophobia in contemporary Australia // Women's Studies International Forum, Vol. 30, Iss. 4, July–August 2007, p. 290-298.
Pogontseva D.V., Nasedkina Yu.V. Otnoshenie molodezhi k raznym konfessiyam v zavisimosti ot ikh religioznoy identichnosti // Nauchno-metodicheskiy elektronnyy zhurnal "Kontsept". 2014. T. 20. S. 4806-4810.
Pogontseva D.V., Nasedkina Yu.V. Otnoshenie molodezhi k predstavitelyam razlichnykh religioznykh konfessiy // Education Sciences and Psychology. 2013. ¹ 2 (24). S. 49-53.
Labunskaya V.A. Interpretatsiya neverbal'nogo povedeniya v mezhlichnostnom obshchenii // avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni doktora psikhologicheskikh nauk / Moskva, 1989.
Labunskaya V.A., Mendzheritskaya Yu.A., Breus E.D. Psikhologiya zatrudnennogo obshcheniya: Teoriya. Metody. Diagnostika. Korrektsiya. Uchebnoe posobie dlya studentov vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy / Moskva, 2001.
Labunskaya V.A., Bzezyan A.A. Metodologiya issledovaniya diskriminatsionnogo otnosheniya k predstavitelyam etnokul'turnykh grupp v razlichnykh situatsiyakh vzaimodeystviya // Teoreticheskie problemy etnicheskoy i kross-kul'turnoy psikhologii: Materialy chetvertoy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii 30-31 maya 2014 g. Otv. red. V.V. Gritsenko. Smolensk: Smolenskiy gumanitarnyy universitet. 2014. T.1. S. 50-55.
Pogontseva D.V. Predstavleniya sovremennoy molodezhi o vneshney krasote zhenshchiny // Rossiyskiy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 2008. T. 5. ¹ 4. S. 110-112.
Pogontseva D.V. K voprosu o diskriminatsiya po vneshnemu obliku // Severo-Kavkazskiy psikhologicheskiy vestnik. 2011. T. 9. ¹ 2. S. 47-50
Bzezyan A.A. Osobennosti etnicheskoy identichnosti kak prediktor prinyatiya diskriminatsionnogo otnosheniya k etnokul'turnym gruppam // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2014.-3.-C. 454-464. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2014.3.12083.
Pogontseva D.V. Vidy diskriminatsii po vneshnemu obliku // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2013.-9.-C. 858-861. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.9.9106.
Bzezyan A.A. Vliyanie gendera etnokul'turnogo tipa vneshnego oblika na stepen' pozitivnosti otsenki // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2014.-1.-C. 83-90. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.1.9704

References (transliteration):
Brown L., Brown J., Richards B. Media representations of Islam and international Muslim student well-being // International Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 69, 2015, p. 50-58
Hassim N. Hijab and the Malay-Muslim Woman in Media // Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 155, 6 November 2014, p. 428-433.
McDermott-Levy R. Going alone: The lived experience of female Arab-Muslim nursing students living and studying in the United States // Nursing Outlook, Volume 59, Issue 5, September–October 2011, Pages 266-277.e2
Dosanova M.G. Gorodskie zhenshchiny v khidzhabe. Novyy fenomen v Kazakhstane? // Vestnik RUDN, seriya Sotsiologiya, 2010, ¹ 3 S.5-11.
Ruby T.F. Listening to the voices of hijab // Women's Studies International Forum, Vol. 29, Iss. 1, January–February 2006, p. 54-66
Tarasenko O.V. Khidzhab v islamskoy religii // Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo lingvisticheskogo universiteta. 2010. ¹ 581. S. 217-226.
Hopkins C. T. Social reproduction in France: Religious dress laws and laïcité // Women's Studies International Forum, Vol. 48, January–February 2015, p.154-164.
Sidorov D.V. Islamofobiya sovremennoy Rossii // Nauchno-analiticheskiy zhurnal Obozrevatel'-Observer. 2014. ¹ 5 (292). S. 34-41.
Pogontseva D.V. Etno-lukizm: vzglyad na problemu // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2013.-6.-C. 144-150. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.6.9490.
Timoshchuk A.S. Obrazovanie i pravo kak instrumenty gosudarstvennoy politiki v oblasti etnokonfessional'noy bezopasnosti // Vestnik Vladimirskogo yuridicheskogo instituta. 2014. ¹ 2 (31). S. 61-64.
Labunskaya V.A. «Vidimyy chelovek» kak sotsial'no-psikhologicheskiy fenomen // Sotsial'naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo. ¹ 1, 2010, S. 26-39.
Sharafutdinova E. Zhenskiy terrorizm v kontekste islamskogo integrizma // Gosudarstvennoe i munitsipal'noe upravlenie. Uchenye zapiski SKAGS. 2011. ¹ 4. S. 170-180.
Fedorova Yu.E. Islam v vospriyatii sovremennogo evropeyskogo soobshchestva: stereotipy i real'nost' // Filosofskaya mysl'. — 2014.-¹ 7.-S.99-125. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2014.7.13036. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/fr/article_13036.html
Rakityanskiy N.M.. Rassmotrenie islamskogo mentaliteta (politiko-psikhologicheskoe esse) // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. – 2014. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2014.2.11478
Labunskaya V.A., Bzezyan A.A. Osobennosti otsenivaniya razlichnykh komponentov etnokul'turnykh tipov vneshnego oblika kak proyavlenie diskriminatsionnogo otnosheniya // Rossiyskiy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 2013. T. 10. ¹ 3. S. 37-43.
Murashchenkova N.V.. Patriotizm kak faktor profilaktiki molodezhnogo ekstremizma: sotsial'no-psikhologicheskiy podkhod // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. – 2014. – ¹ 9. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.9.12635
Mahmud Y., Swami V. The influence of the hijab (Islamic head-cover) on perceptions of women's attractiveness and intelligence // Body Image, Vol. 7, Issue 1, January 2010, p. 90-93.
Wagner, J. T. Do anti-immigrant sentiments track into Danish classrooms? Ethnicity, ethnicity salience, and bias in children’s peer preferences / J. T. Wagner, L. B. Camparo, V. Tsenkova, J. C. Camparo // Intern. J. of Educ. Research. 2008. Vol. 47, is. 5. P. 312–322.
Arsel'gov A.U. Etnicheskie stereotipy v kul'ture : na primere kul'tur Severnogo Kavkaza : dissertatsiya ... kandidata filosofskikh nauk-Rostov-na-Donu, 2011.-147 s.
Ho C. Muslim women's new defenders: Women's rights, nationalism and Islamophobia in contemporary Australia // Women's Studies International Forum, Vol. 30, Iss. 4, July–August 2007, p. 290-298.
Pogontseva D.V., Nasedkina Yu.V. Otnoshenie molodezhi k raznym konfessiyam v zavisimosti ot ikh religioznoy identichnosti // Nauchno-metodicheskiy elektronnyy zhurnal "Kontsept". 2014. T. 20. S. 4806-4810.
Pogontseva D.V., Nasedkina Yu.V. Otnoshenie molodezhi k predstavitelyam razlichnykh religioznykh konfessiy // Education Sciences and Psychology. 2013. ¹ 2 (24). S. 49-53.
Labunskaya V.A. Interpretatsiya neverbal'nogo povedeniya v mezhlichnostnom obshchenii // avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni doktora psikhologicheskikh nauk / Moskva, 1989.
Labunskaya V.A., Mendzheritskaya Yu.A., Breus E.D. Psikhologiya zatrudnennogo obshcheniya: Teoriya. Metody. Diagnostika. Korrektsiya. Uchebnoe posobie dlya studentov vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy / Moskva, 2001.
Labunskaya V.A., Bzezyan A.A. Metodologiya issledovaniya diskriminatsionnogo otnosheniya k predstavitelyam etnokul'turnykh grupp v razlichnykh situatsiyakh vzaimodeystviya // Teoreticheskie problemy etnicheskoy i kross-kul'turnoy psikhologii: Materialy chetvertoy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii 30-31 maya 2014 g. Otv. red. V.V. Gritsenko. Smolensk: Smolenskiy gumanitarnyy universitet. 2014. T.1. S. 50-55.
Pogontseva D.V. Predstavleniya sovremennoy molodezhi o vneshney krasote zhenshchiny // Rossiyskiy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 2008. T. 5. ¹ 4. S. 110-112.
Pogontseva D.V. K voprosu o diskriminatsiya po vneshnemu obliku // Severo-Kavkazskiy psikhologicheskiy vestnik. 2011. T. 9. ¹ 2. S. 47-50
Bzezyan A.A. Osobennosti etnicheskoy identichnosti kak prediktor prinyatiya diskriminatsionnogo otnosheniya k etnokul'turnym gruppam // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2014.-3.-C. 454-464. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2014.3.12083.
Pogontseva D.V. Vidy diskriminatsii po vneshnemu obliku // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2013.-9.-C. 858-861. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.9.9106.
Bzezyan A.A. Vliyanie gendera etnokul'turnogo tipa vneshnego oblika na stepen' pozitivnosti otsenki // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2014.-1.-C. 83-90. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.1.9704

Abstract: A French philosopher Claude Levi-Strauss radically re-considered the ethnos issue by including it in a whole range of questions traditionally related to philosophical anthropology. By studying the ethnographic data Claude Levi-Strauss changed the approach to anthropological researches, too. In his works he noted that many ethnologists including Marcel Mauss and Bronislaw Malinowski already acknowledged that a researcher should not analyze separate social facts because the ethnic issue assumed that the research did not study the social facts as they were but their interpretation by people. Without the human factor that assumes a subjective interpretation of this or that phenomenon, it is impossible to understand the depths of the ethnological research. The author of the article used method of historical research combined with the methodology of philosophical anthropology. The author also used the methods of structural anthropology that usually views the ethnocentrism as a prejudice excluding everything ‘abnormal’ from the culture. The novelty of the article is in the author’s attempt to define the place of Claude Levi- Strauss’ structural anthropology in ethnic studies. For the first time in Russian and Western philosophy ethnicity is viewed as an anthropological phenomenon. The author also defines the role of structural anthropology in the process of ‘anthropologization’ of the ethnic research and describes general principles lying in the basis of studying the culture of different epochs and ethnic groups.

Keywords: human, human nature, myth, structural anthropology, ethnos, ethnicity, ethnology, incest, mental structures, rationality.

References:
Levi-Stross K. Strukturnaya antropologiya. Sbornik perevodov. M., 1980.
Levi-Stross K. Put' masok / Per. s fr., sost., vstup. st. i primech. A.B. Ostrovskogo. M., 2000.
Levi-Stross K. Pervobytnoe myshlenie / Per., vstup. st. i prim. A.V. Ostrovskogo. M., 1994.
Levi-Stross K. Mifologiki. T. 1. Syroe i prigotovlennoe. M., SPb, 2000.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskaya interpretatsiya cheloveka. M., 2013.
Gurevich P.S. Postizhenie cheloveka cherez artefakty kul'tury // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. ¹ 6 (78). S. 916-918.
Golosovker Yakov. Izbrannoe. Logika mifa. M., SPb, 2010.
Bakhtin M.M. Estetika slovesnogo tvorchestva. M., 1986.
Lotman Yu.M. Kul'tura i vzryv. M., 1992.
Spirova E.M. Simvol v istolkovanii K. Levi-Strossa // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2008. ¹ 5. S. 100-111.
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M., 2012
E.M. Spirova Filosofskaya antropologiya
kak sistema ponyatiy. // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 11. - C. 128 - 137.
A. Shazhinbatyn Etnichnost' kak problema
kul'turnoy antropologii. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2010. - 12. - C. 56 - 62.
R.M. Aleynik Sotsial'naya antropologiya ‒ etnologiya ‒ kul'tura // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 3. - C. 40 - 53.
S.S. Khoruzhiy Pereotsenka vsekh antropotsennostey.
Chast' 2. Okonchanie // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 2. - C. 10 - 19.
R.N. Paleev Antropologicheskiy aspekt evolyutsii sotsial'no-kul'turnykh norm // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 6. - C. 52 - 67.

References (transliteration):
Levi-Stross K. Strukturnaya antropologiya. Sbornik perevodov. M., 1980.
Levi-Stross K. Put' masok / Per. s fr., sost., vstup. st. i primech. A.B. Ostrovskogo. M., 2000.
Levi-Stross K. Pervobytnoe myshlenie / Per., vstup. st. i prim. A.V. Ostrovskogo. M., 1994.
Levi-Stross K. Mifologiki. T. 1. Syroe i prigotovlennoe. M., SPb, 2000.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskaya interpretatsiya cheloveka. M., 2013.
Gurevich P.S. Postizhenie cheloveka cherez artefakty kul'tury // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. ¹ 6 (78). S. 916-918.
Golosovker Yakov. Izbrannoe. Logika mifa. M., SPb, 2010.
Bakhtin M.M. Estetika slovesnogo tvorchestva. M., 1986.
Lotman Yu.M. Kul'tura i vzryv. M., 1992.
Spirova E.M. Simvol v istolkovanii K. Levi-Strossa // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2008. ¹ 5. S. 100-111.
Spirova E.M. Filosofsko-antropologicheskoe soderzhanie simvola. M., 2012
E.M. Spirova Filosofskaya antropologiya
kak sistema ponyatiy. // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 11. - C. 128 - 137.
A. Shazhinbatyn Etnichnost' kak problema
kul'turnoy antropologii. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2010. - 12. - C. 56 - 62.
R.M. Aleynik Sotsial'naya antropologiya ‒ etnologiya ‒ kul'tura // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 3. - C. 40 - 53.
S.S. Khoruzhiy Pereotsenka vsekh antropotsennostey.
Chast' 2. Okonchanie // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 2. - C. 10 - 19.
R.N. Paleev Antropologicheskiy aspekt evolyutsii sotsial'no-kul'turnykh norm // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 6. - C. 52 - 67.

Abstract: The author of the article makes an attempt to describe the probable model of ethnic extremism from the point of view of the socio-synergetic approach. The author of the present research article had different reasons to study ethnic extremism from the point of view of the socio-synergetic approach. The first group of her reasons includes the processes that are going on in the society and government now. The second group of reasons is caused by the multiplicity of characteristics, types and forms of this phenomenon. In particular, synergetic methods apply to studying systems (phenomena) consisting of a great number of elements (forms or characteristics), components and subsystems. To describe the synergetic model of ethnic extremism, the author of the article analyzes social images describing this phenomenon. Research methods used by the author include: association method, content analysis and semantic differential followed by the creation of mental maps. The scientific importance of the research is the description of the probable model of ethic extremism made by the researcher based on the socio-synergetic approach. Conclusions: the model offered by the author allows to describe the essential characteristics of the aforesaid phenomenon, in particular, intolerance, terror, dogmatism and nihilism as the factor structure of ethnic extremism. The contents of these factors reflect only subjective concepts of ethnic extremism and of course, these concepts can only partly model the phenomenon. The author makes an assumption that this model allows to describe ethnic extremism by the means of particular features typical for socio-synergetic systems.

Keywords: socio-synergetic model, ethnic extremism, social images, intolerance, terror, dogmatism, nihilism, semantic differential, factors.

Contact information: Gayvoronskaya Alexandra Alexandrovna, 214014, Russia, Smolensk, ul. Gertsena. 2.

References:
Kutyrev V.A. Ideynye prichiny sovremennogo terrorizma v mire i Rossii // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2012.-3.-C. 1-33. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2012.3.303. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_303.html
Vasnetsova A.S. Patrioticheskoe vospitanie grazhdan Rossiyskoy Federatsii v sisteme protivodeystviya ekstremistskoy i terroristicheskoy deyatel'nosti:obshchefederal'nye i regional'nye aspekty // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'.-2013.-5.-C. 142-153. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_9517.html
Sedykh N.S. Terrorizm v kontekste informatsionno-psikhologicheskikh ugroz sovremennosti // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'.-2012.-1.-C. 182-212. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0417.2012.1.163. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_163.html
Sedykh N.S. K voprosu o psikhologicheskikh posledstviyakh terrorizma // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika.-2013.-1.-C. 101-130. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_229.html
Vasnetsova A.S. Vakhkhabizm v Rossii: kharakteristika, vzaimosvyaz' s terrorizmom i ekstremizmom, perspektivy gosudarstvennogo regulirovaniya // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-11.-C. 154-201. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_10185.html
Noyanzina O.E., Goncharova N.P., Maksimova S.G., Avdeeva G.C. Sovremennye vyzovy bezopasnosti: otsenka riska podverzhennosti ekstremistkim i terroristicheskim ugrozam v usloviyakh regional'nykh sotsiumov // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'.-2012.-1.-C. 213-254. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0417.2012.1.92. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_92.html
Sosnin V.A. Dukhovno-religioznye osnovy suitsidal'nogo terrorizma: ideologiya Global'nogo Dzhikhada kak psikhologicheskaya motivatsiya opravdaniya suitsidal'nogo terrorizma islamskimi radikalami // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'.-2013.-2.-C. 112-159. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_614.html
A.A. Gayvoronskaya Ekstremizm kak ob'ekt sotsial'no-psikhologicheskogo issledovaniya // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2012.-1.-C. 72-80.
Sochnev D.V., Abasov M.M. Osnovnye vidy i naibolee rasprostranennye formy mezhdunarodnogo terrorizma // NB: Rossiyskoe politseyskoe pravo.-2013.-2.-C. 91-108. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pm/article_801.html
Moscovici, S. (2001) Why a theory of social representations? // Representations of the social: bridging theoretical traditions / Eds. by K. Deaux, G. Philogène. Oxford : Blackwell Publishers. P. 18–61
Jodelet, D. (1984) Les représentations sociales. P. : Presses Universitaires de France.
Abric, J-C. (2001) A Structural Approach to Social Representations // Representations of the Social: Bridging Theoretical Traditions / Eds. by K. Deaux, G. Philogène. Oxford : Blackwell Publishers. R. 42–47
Pratto, Felicia; Stallworth, Lisa M.; Sidanius, Jim; Siers, Bret (1997). "The gender gap in occupational role attainment: A social dominance approach". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72 (1): 37–53
Stepin V.S. Samorazvivayushchiesya sistemy i postneklassicheskaya ratsional'nost'// Voprosy filosofii. 2003, ¹8, s.5-17.
Misir, P., 1998. The Social Construction Of Race-Ethnic Conflict in Guyana [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://www.uog.edu.gy/files/documents/prochancellor/The_Social_Construction_of_Race-Ethnic_ Confilct.pdf.
Sinergetika [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Reutov E.V. Prichiny rasprostraneniya ekstremizma i ksenofobii v molodezhnoy srede Prichiny rasprostraneniya etnicheskogo ekstremizma i ksenofobii sredi molodezhi (Tsentral'nyy federal'nyy okrug): Sbornik materialov sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya / Pod red. prof. L.Ya. Dyatchenko. – Belgorod: Izd-vo BelGU, 2008. – S.18
Petrenko V.F. Osnovy psikhosemantiki: uchebnoe posobie dlya stud. vuzov / V.F. Petrenko; Mosk. gos. un-t im. M.V. Lomonosova. – 2-e izd., dop. – SPb.: Piter, 2005.
Mitina O.V., Petrenko V.P. Sinergeticheskaya model' dinamiki politicheskogo soznaniya // Sinergetika i psikhologiya. Teksty. Vypusk 1. Metodologicheskie voprosy / Red. I.N. Trofimova, V.G. Budanov. M., 1999. S. 338.
Kukhtevich T.N., Tumanyan O.V. Prichiny rasprostraneniya etnicheskogo ekstremizma i ksenofobii sredi molodezhi (Tsentral'nyy federal'nyy okrug): Sbornik materialov sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya / Pod red. prof.L.Ya. Dyatchenko. – Belgorod: Izd-vo BelGU, 2008. – 326 s.
Emel'yanova T.P. Sotsial'noe predstavlenie – ponyatie i kontseptsiya: itogi poslednego desyatiletiya // Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 2001. T. 22, N 6. S. 39–47.
Abul'khanova K.A. Sotsial'noe myshlenie lichnosti. Sovremennaya psikhologiya: sostoyanie i perespektivy issledovaniy. Chast'3. Sotsial'nye predstavleniya i myshlenie lichnosti. M.: IPRAN, 2002. S.88-103
Abul'khanova K.A. Rossiyskiy mentalitet: kross-kul'turnyy i tipologicheskie podkhody // Rossiyskiy mentalitet: voprosy psikhologicheskoy teorii i praktiki. M.: Izd-vo «In-t psikhologii RAN», 1997. S. 7-37

References (transliteration):
Kutyrev V.A. Ideynye prichiny sovremennogo terrorizma v mire i Rossii // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2012.-3.-C. 1-33. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2012.3.303. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_303.html
Vasnetsova A.S. Patrioticheskoe vospitanie grazhdan Rossiyskoy Federatsii v sisteme protivodeystviya ekstremistskoy i terroristicheskoy deyatel'nosti:obshchefederal'nye i regional'nye aspekty // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'.-2013.-5.-C. 142-153. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_9517.html
Sedykh N.S. Terrorizm v kontekste informatsionno-psikhologicheskikh ugroz sovremennosti // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'.-2012.-1.-C. 182-212. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0417.2012.1.163. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_163.html
Sedykh N.S. K voprosu o psikhologicheskikh posledstviyakh terrorizma // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika.-2013.-1.-C. 101-130. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_229.html
Vasnetsova A.S. Vakhkhabizm v Rossii: kharakteristika, vzaimosvyaz' s terrorizmom i ekstremizmom, perspektivy gosudarstvennogo regulirovaniya // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-11.-C. 154-201. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_10185.html
Noyanzina O.E., Goncharova N.P., Maksimova S.G., Avdeeva G.C. Sovremennye vyzovy bezopasnosti: otsenka riska podverzhennosti ekstremistkim i terroristicheskim ugrozam v usloviyakh regional'nykh sotsiumov // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'.-2012.-1.-C. 213-254. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0417.2012.1.92. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_92.html
Sosnin V.A. Dukhovno-religioznye osnovy suitsidal'nogo terrorizma: ideologiya Global'nogo Dzhikhada kak psikhologicheskaya motivatsiya opravdaniya suitsidal'nogo terrorizma islamskimi radikalami // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'.-2013.-2.-C. 112-159. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_614.html
A.A. Gayvoronskaya Ekstremizm kak ob'ekt sotsial'no-psikhologicheskogo issledovaniya // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2012.-1.-C. 72-80.
Sochnev D.V., Abasov M.M. Osnovnye vidy i naibolee rasprostranennye formy mezhdunarodnogo terrorizma // NB: Rossiyskoe politseyskoe pravo.-2013.-2.-C. 91-108. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pm/article_801.html
Moscovici, S. (2001) Why a theory of social representations? // Representations of the social: bridging theoretical traditions / Eds. by K. Deaux, G. Philogène. Oxford : Blackwell Publishers. P. 18–61
Jodelet, D. (1984) Les représentations sociales. P. : Presses Universitaires de France.
Abric, J-C. (2001) A Structural Approach to Social Representations // Representations of the Social: Bridging Theoretical Traditions / Eds. by K. Deaux, G. Philogène. Oxford : Blackwell Publishers. R. 42–47
Pratto, Felicia; Stallworth, Lisa M.; Sidanius, Jim; Siers, Bret (1997). "The gender gap in occupational role attainment: A social dominance approach". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72 (1): 37–53
Stepin V.S. Samorazvivayushchiesya sistemy i postneklassicheskaya ratsional'nost'// Voprosy filosofii. 2003, ¹8, s.5-17.
Misir, P., 1998. The Social Construction Of Race-Ethnic Conflict in Guyana [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://www.uog.edu.gy/files/documents/prochancellor/The_Social_Construction_of_Race-Ethnic_ Confilct.pdf.
Sinergetika [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Reutov E.V. Prichiny rasprostraneniya ekstremizma i ksenofobii v molodezhnoy srede Prichiny rasprostraneniya etnicheskogo ekstremizma i ksenofobii sredi molodezhi (Tsentral'nyy federal'nyy okrug): Sbornik materialov sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya / Pod red. prof. L.Ya. Dyatchenko. – Belgorod: Izd-vo BelGU, 2008. – S.18
Petrenko V.F. Osnovy psikhosemantiki: uchebnoe posobie dlya stud. vuzov / V.F. Petrenko; Mosk. gos. un-t im. M.V. Lomonosova. – 2-e izd., dop. – SPb.: Piter, 2005.
Mitina O.V., Petrenko V.P. Sinergeticheskaya model' dinamiki politicheskogo soznaniya // Sinergetika i psikhologiya. Teksty. Vypusk 1. Metodologicheskie voprosy / Red. I.N. Trofimova, V.G. Budanov. M., 1999. S. 338.
Kukhtevich T.N., Tumanyan O.V. Prichiny rasprostraneniya etnicheskogo ekstremizma i ksenofobii sredi molodezhi (Tsentral'nyy federal'nyy okrug): Sbornik materialov sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya / Pod red. prof.L.Ya. Dyatchenko. – Belgorod: Izd-vo BelGU, 2008. – 326 s.
Emel'yanova T.P. Sotsial'noe predstavlenie – ponyatie i kontseptsiya: itogi poslednego desyatiletiya // Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 2001. T. 22, N 6. S. 39–47.
Abul'khanova K.A. Sotsial'noe myshlenie lichnosti. Sovremennaya psikhologiya: sostoyanie i perespektivy issledovaniy. Chast'3. Sotsial'nye predstavleniya i myshlenie lichnosti. M.: IPRAN, 2002. S.88-103
Abul'khanova K.A. Rossiyskiy mentalitet: kross-kul'turnyy i tipologicheskie podkhody // Rossiyskiy mentalitet: voprosy psikhologicheskoy teorii i praktiki. M.: Izd-vo «In-t psikhologii RAN», 1997. S. 7-37

Abstract: Anthropological approach plays one of the most important roles in modern researches on Japan and Japanese society and especially in so called theories “Nihondzin ron” and “Nihon bunka ron” (theories on Japanese ethno-psychological and cultural distinguishing features). Today’s Japanese society is viewed by many researchers as something completely different from other societies because despite similar levels of overall development in Japan and other advanced capitalist countries, the former has a higher potential for socio-cultural development. So called “Japanese personality” is a very important anthropological element of such socio-cultural potential. Today Japanese studies offer three approaches to interpreting the phenomenon of Japanese personality: westernizing and modernizing approach that focuses on development of individual personality in Japanese society, uniqueness-based approach that views Japanese personality as a result of Japanese cultural and social development and Japan-oriented approach that considers Japanese society and its socio-cultural potentials as the model to be followed by other countries because this model, in particular, such personal identity, satisfies the requirements of the “future society” defined by researchers as the “post-industrial society”, “culture epoch society” or “alternative society” and “information society”.

Keywords: psychology, culture, enlightenment, identity, social development, modernization, anthropology, personality, sociocultural, Japanese.

Contact information: Shazhinbatyn Arinua, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka 14/1, str. 5, komn. 432.

References:
Khamaguti Esyun. «Nikhonrasisa» – no saykhakken. Tokio: Nikhon keydzay simbunsya, 1977
Lichnost'. Kul'tura. Etnos. Sovremennaya psikhologicheskaya antropologiya. M., 2001.
Benedikt Rut. Khrizantema i mech: modeli yaponskoy kul'tury. M., SPb., 2013.
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. Simvolicheskoe pole kul'tury. M., 2011.
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. Otrazheniya kul'tury. M., 2011.

References (transliteration):
Khamaguti Esyun. «Nikhonrasisa» – no saykhakken. Tokio: Nikhon keydzay simbunsya, 1977
Lichnost'. Kul'tura. Etnos. Sovremennaya psikhologicheskaya antropologiya. M., 2001.
Benedikt Rut. Khrizantema i mech: modeli yaponskoy kul'tury. M., SPb., 2013.
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. Simvolicheskoe pole kul'tury. M., 2011.
Antologiya issledovaniy kul'tury. Otrazheniya kul'tury. M., 2011.