Abstract: This paper presents the results of a scientific study aimed at determining the effectiveness of the synthetic concept of dreams when applied in the field of psychological psychotherapy (psychocorrection) and (or) in the field of personality development. Accordingly, the mental reality of the subjects is presented as an object of research, and as its subject of research – "transformation of the states and (or) personality characteristics of the participants in the experiment in the context of the use of a synthetic algorithm for working with dreams." The research was conducted in the form of an experiment, the participants of which, in interaction with the experimenter, who performed the function of interpreter and "guide", comprehended their dreams and carried out direct work with them. The main conclusions drawn on the basis of the results of the study were the confirmation of the effectiveness of the presented synthetic concept of dreams and, therefore, the idea of dreaming as a natural psychotherapeutic (psychocorrective) mechanism, as well as the material with which work contributes to the development of personality. Taking into account the high scientific interest and practical significance of studying the integral structure of a person's mental reality in the context of improving his psychological well-being in a stressful environment and, at the same time, the known complexity of the study of such a phenomenon as dreams, the work can claim the status of one of the steps to scientific discovery.

Keywords: Psychocorrection, Psychotherapy, Anxiety, Integration, Integrity, Development, Transformation, The dream, Personality, Archetype

References:
Bion, W.R. (1958). "On Hallucination". International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 39, 341–9.
Winnicott, D. W. (1953). Transitional objects and transitional phenomena. In Playing and reality (pp. 1-25). New York: Basic Books, 1971.
Bion, W.R (1962a). "A theory of thinking". International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 43, 306–10. 
Klein, M., Heimann, P., & Money-Kyrle, R. (Eds.) (1955). New Directions in Psycho-Analysis. The Significance of Infant Conflict in the Pattern of Adult Behaviour. London: Tavistock Publications.
Assagioli, R. (2002). “Psychosynthesis. Principles and Techniques”. Persona Publishing House, Moscow: EKSMO-Press.
Barash M. (2003). "Healing Dreams". Moscow: Publishing House of the Institute of Psychotherapy.
Bogachev, A. M. (2019). The world of dreams and symbols. Scientific opinion, 1-2, 29-34. doi:10.25807/PBH.22224378.2019.1-2.29.34
Bogachev, A.M. (2020). About some aspects of prac

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the degree of defense mechanisms and their interrelation with the motivational orientation of corporate leaders at different stages of business development. The subject of this research is the motivational orientations and defense mechanisms of corporate leaders at different stages of business development. The aim goal consists in studying the interdependence of defense mechanisms and motivational orientations of the leaders of companies founded less than 3 years ago (crisis state) and over 10 years (sustainable development). The article employs cross-sectional method based on the questionnaire “Life Style Index” (LSI) developed by R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman, and H. R. Conte; the method of diagnostics of socio-psychological attitudes of the individual in the motivational and consumer sphere developed by O. F. Potemkina. The analysis of the acquired results with determination of statistically significant interdependences of psychological indicators was carried out by means of the method of mathematical statistics. The novelty of this work consists in examination of the impact of motivational orientations of corporate leaders upon manifestation of their defense mechanisms during the crisis stages of business development in accordance with the theory of psychoanalysis. Such research is carried out for the first time. The practical importance of the results lies in the application of knowledge of psychoanalytic concepts for revealing the latent pathogenic factors in the company that affect personnel’s behavior. This would allow the corporate psychologists to choose effective recommendations for balancing such factors. The conclusion is made that the protective mechanisms of the business owner and corporate leadership are interrelated with their motivational orientations; the degree of defense mechanisms of leaders of newly established companies and long established companies differ. The author's special contribution to this research consists in interpretation of the results through the prism of psychoanalytic approach.

Keywords: psychosexual development, unconscious motives, mature defense mechanisms, primitive defense mechanisms, lider, management group, business owners, organization's management, motivational orientations, defense mechanisms

References:
Shirokova, G.V. Strategii rossiyskikh kompaniy na raznykh stadiyakh zhiznennogo tsikla: popytka empiricheskogo analiza. [Tekst] / G.V. Shirokova-Nauchnye doklady ¹ 5(R)–2006 SPb.: NII menedzhmenta SPbGU, 2006.
Bion, Wilfrid Ruprecht. Group Dynamics: a Re-view // International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. – XXXIII [Elektronnyyresurs] / Per. PoknigeBionW. Experiences in Groups and other Papers. London: TavistockPubls.–Bion. U.R. Gruppovayadinamika.1961.
Plutchik, R. Emotions and psychotherapy: A psychoevolutionary perspective [Tekst]/ In R.Plutchik, & H.Kellerman (Eds.) / R. Plutchik // Emotion: Theory, research and experience: Academic Press. 1990. Vol. 5. P.3-41.
Freyd, Z. Psikhologiya mass i analiz chelovecheskogo «Ya» [Tekst] / Z. Freyd. – SPb. : Azbuka, Azbuka-Attikus, 2016. – 192 s.
Freyd, A. Psikhologiya "Ya" i zashchitnye mekhanizmy [Tekst]: per. M. Ginzburg. – M.: Izdatel'stvo Pedagogika-Press, 1993. – 144 s.
Tayson, R. Psikhoanaliticheskie teorii razvitiya [Tekst] / R. Tayson, F. Tayson : per. s angl. – M. : Ekate

Abstract: This article touches upon one of the peculiarities of modern psychology – a shift away from the natural scientific paradigm and transition towards constructivist methodology. Constructivism in psychology is characterized by relativity of truth, prevalence of subjective over objective, conditionality of cognition of characteristics of a subject, activity of an individual in cognition and being, construction of own reality by an individual. The author addresses the problem of studying the unconscious and suggest applying the constructivist paradigm in the research. It is substantiated that constructivism is one of the most effective approaches towards studying the unconscious, as peculiarities of the unconscious comply with the provisions of constructivism: a crucial role on the unsconsious is played by fantasies, affinities and emotional processes; structure of the unconscious is inexact and cannot be reduced to specific elements; the unconscious is flexible and develops in accordance with its own logic. Analysis is conducted on foreign studies on the unconscious that are based on constructivism. The scientific novelty consists in substantiation of application of the constructivist approach in psychology towards examining the unconscious, as well as in carrying out an analytical review of modern foreign research dedicated to the problem of the unconscious, leaning on the provisions of constructivism. The author concludes on the prevalent trends in foreign constructivist psychology of the unconscious: the focus on irrational, non-objectivist theories in explaining the unsconsious; a desire to make psychoanalysis a general psychological theory; acknowledgement of the unsconsious side of mental activity as the leading, as it is capable of more effective information processing; the unsconsious mechanisms of communication and joint activity play a significant role in establishing an in-depth personal dialogue. Psychological practice assigns a leading role to the unconscious; moreover, this aspect becomes central in social and ethnological research. Based on the theoretical overview of foreign studies, the effectiveness of application of constructivism in psychology is underlined.

Keywords: unconscious thinking, methodology of psychology, psychoanalysis, foreign psychology, paradigm, constructivism, unconscious, theory of psychology, joint activity, art

References:
Othengrafen F. Uncovering the unconscious dimensions of planning: using culture as a tool to analyse spatial planning practices. London: Routledge, 2016. 248 p. DOI: 10.4324/9781315549347
Pillay S.S., Cardenas J. The unconscious determinants of motivation in organizations: Implications for human performance // Performance Improvement. 2015. Vol. 54. ¹ 4. P. 22-29. DOI: 10.1002/pfi.21473
Norman R.L. Quantum Unconscious Pre-Space: A Psychoanalytic/Neuroscientific Analysis of the Cognitive Science of Elio Conte–The Hard Problem of Consciousness, New Approaches and Directions // NeuroQuantology. 2015. Vol. 13. ¹ 4. P. 487-501. DOI: 10.14704/nq.2015.13.4.869
Abbass A. et al. Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Trial Therapy: Effectiveness and Role of “Unlocking the Unconscious” // The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 2017. Vol. 205. ¹ 6. P. 453-457. DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000684
Accardi L. et al. Application of non-Kolmogorovian probability and quantum adaptive dynamics to unconscious

Abstract: In modern practical psychology, the work with imagination as a whole, and night dreaming in particular, is of considerable importance. Various approaches offer different interpretation of the essence of night dreaming state, and thus, diverse techniques of working with a client. However, the demand for the universal synthetic approach within the framework of psychological aid (consulting psychology, correctional psychology, and (or) nonmedical psychotherapy) is highly relevant in both, theoretical and applied aspect. The author attempt to answer such request based on the experience acquired in the process of rendering practical psychological aid. The object of this study is psychical reality of the recipients of psychological services. The subject is the state of consciousness during sleep of the recipients of psychological services. The main conclusion consists in proving the efficiency of the synthetic approach towards work with night dreaming developed and tested by the author of the article. The scientific and applied novelty of this approach lies in the ability to overcome a range of difficulties faced by the practitioners in the area of depth psychology.

Keywords: Insight, Subpersonality, Personality, Image, Symbol, Depth psychology, Consciousness, Èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ, Dream, Unconsciousness

References:
Bion, Wil¬fred (1962a) „A theory of thinking“, International Journal of Psycho–Analysis 43: 306 – 10.
Vion, W.R. (1957). Differentiation of the psychotic from the non-psychotic personalities. International Jounal of Psycho-Analysis 38: 266 – 75/
Klein,M.,Heimann,P.,Money-Kyrle,R. (eds. (1955). New Directions in Psycho-Analysis. The Significance of Infant Conflict in the Pattern of Adult Behaviour., London:Tavistock Publications, 573 pp.
Kholl Dzheyms A. Yungianskoe tolkovanie snovideniy : Prakt. ruk. /; Per. na rus. yaz. pod obshch. red. V. Zelenskogo.-SPb. : TOO "B.s.k.", 1996. – 168 s.
Yung K.G. «Vospominaniya, snovideniya, razmyshleniya». Izdatel'stvo «Kharvest», 2003
Yung K.G. Psikhologiya bessoznatel'nogo.-M.: Kanon, 1994.-320 s.
Yung K.G «Arkhetip i simvol» Moskva : Renessans, 1991. – 297 s
Yung K. «K voprosu o podsoznanii» [Elektronnyy resurs: Elektronnaya biblioteka Litmir] URL: https://www.litmir.me/br/?b=429142&p=1 (Data obrashcheniya: 04.03.2020)
Perlz, Frederik Solomon. Geshtal't-podkhod i Svidete

Abstract: This article presents an attempt of scientific in-depth psychological interpretation of the perception of symbolics contained in horror movies, namely in the context of such occurrence as nightmares, sleep paralysis, etc. The relevance of this work is defined by acuteness of the problems related to destructive tendencies within the teenage and youth environments in Russia. Emphasis is made on interpretation of the essence of an object (horror movies) and subject (associates with them mental processes and phenomena) of research, and their correlation with developmental psychology overall, specificity of the age of adolescence in particular, as well as the audience for corresponding movies. The scientific novelty consists in “multidimensional” interpretation of the phenomena in question, considering the psychoanalytically oriented theories and authorial concept. The work particularly analyzes symbolics of the popular movie “It Chapter 2” and describes (including from axiological “reference point”) perspectives on the indicated problematic. Conclusions obtained in this research are valuable in the area of psychological education, psychological counselling and self-analysis, as well as in development of the theory of psychology in the corresponding segment.

Keywords: Drive, Destruction, Development, Co-Being, Unconsciousness, Psychic reality, Dreams, Nightmares, Horror Movies, Mortido

References:
Belorusova E. A. Vliyanie fil'mov uzhasov na psikhiku podrostka // Molodoy uchenyy. — 2018. — ¹51. — S. 190-194.
Bogachev A.M. Put' k Drugomu. O nekotorykh zakonomernostyakh prakticheskoy psikhologii : monografiya / Pod nauch. red. d.ped.n., professora B. A. Titova, d.f.n., professora A. M. Prilutskogo, k.psikhol.n., dotsenta I. A. Agafonovoy. – SPb.: Asterion, 2019. – 222 s.
Bogachev A.M. Mezheritskaya A. M., Mir snovideniy i simvoly, Zhurnal "Nauchnoe mnenie" ¹1-2 (Pedagogicheskie, psikhologicheskie i filosofskie nauki), 2019, s. 29-35
Vorontsov A. V., Prilutskiy A. M., Bogachev A. M. Tragediya v Kerchi: opyt sotsial'no-psikhologicheskogo analiza predposylok // Psikhopedagogika v pravookhranitel'nykh organakh. 2019. T. 24, ¹ 2(77). s. –. 138-144
Ionov A.Yu. «Zhutkoe» Freyda i zhanr uzhasov v kino // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 7. Filosofiya. – 2015. – ¹ 3. – s. 59–67.
Klyayn M., Zavist' i blagodarnost': Issledovanie bessoznatel'nykh istochnikov: Uchebnoe posobie (per. s angl. Uskova A.F.) 1997 g., 96 s.
Kornev V.V.. Fil'm