Abstract: Human had never been the corner stone of Aristotle's philosophy. However, as the previous researches of the author demonstrate, Aristotle was the ancient philosopher who was the father of classical philosophical anthropology. Very often thoughts and ideas of Aristotle that are so important for anthropology appeared in his other researches, for example, thoughts on syllogisms and etc. As we can say, thoughts on Mind were needed by the philosopher to classify categories, but inside that topic he proposed a very important idea about polysynthetism of Mind and that Mind has both human and divine nature. The author of the present article bases his research on the principle of historicism that allows to compare Aristotle's anthropological teaching with Plotin's thouhts about human. The author has also used the method of hermeneutical analysis of ancient philosophers' texts. Various thoughts of Aristotle about Mind, the human and the divine have never been viewed as part of philosophical anthropology. Referring to Aristotle's teaching about induction and deduction, those thoughts touched upon Human, too. Detailed analysis of Mind reveals particularities of human nature and at the same time bring the phenomenon of transcendence to the fore. By comparing Aristotle's and Plotin's teachings, it is possible to outline the teaching about soul and internal human world.

Keywords: existence, deed, eternity, God, superconscious, human, transcendenсe, mind, soul, psychology

References:
Antichnaya filosofiya. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Otv. red. M.A. Solopova. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2008. 900 s.
Aristotelevskoe nasledie kak konstituiruyushchiy element evropeyskoy ratsional'nosti: Moskovskaya mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya po Aristotelyu 2016. 17-19 oktyabrya 2016 g. Institut filosofii RAN. Materialy k dokladam / Otv. red. V.V. Petrov. M.: Akvilon, 2016. 64 s.
Aristotel'. Metafizika // Aristotel'. Sochineniya: v 4 t. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1976. S. 64-367.
Aristotel'. Ob istolkovanii // Aristotel'. Sochineniya: v 4 t. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1978. S. 91-593.
Gurevich P.S. Antropologicheskie syuzhety Aristotelya // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2016. № 10 (106). S. 1379-1382. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2016.10.20782.
Gurevich P.S. Aristotel' o dushe // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie. 2016. № 4 (24). S. 348–352. DOI: 10.7256/2306-434X.2016.4.21569.
Gurevich P.S. Pochemu filosofskie antropologi kritikuyut Aristotelya? // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2017. № 3 (109). S. 10-15.
Mera veshchey: Chelovek v istorii evropeyskoy mysli / Pod obshch. red. G.V

Abstract: The conversation is devoted to Carl Jung as an Esoteric. The Swiss psychiatrist was deeply into the mystical spiritual tradition. Freud and Jung had different concepts of the unconscious, its structure and role in culture. Jung tried to research the mystical spiritual tradition and that is why he was interested not only in European but also Oriental culture. Jung assumed that one has to overcome a lot of difficulties to become spiritual. This is a special path not everyone can pass. As a rule, everyday consciousness is deeply rooted in our minds while the hidden sense of existence cannot be understood by the commonsense logic. The interlocutors emphasize Jung's deep interest in Oriental teachings and esoterics. Jung believed that the true mystery of the world could never be solved but could be only described symbolically as an abyss or transcendency. The main method used in the conversation is the comparison. The method allowed to compare Freud's and Jung's teachings and to demonstrate differences and similarities of these two schools of psychology. In this article the author also tries to give a full idea of Jung's esoterism. The author emphasizes the deep knowledge of Jung in Oriental teachings, in particular, Buddhism and Zen Buddhism. It is demonstrated that Buddhism applies pure symbols as a code to denote a long and difficult way towards the truth. Jung wrote a preface to the edition of the Tibetan Book of the Dead. The psychiatrist characterised it as a philosophical and religious guiding treatise for the alive. Based to Jung, that book is as important as The Bible, New Testament, Talmud and Quran. This is a sacred book not only in Tibet but also in other Eastern countries. 
 

Keywords: symbol, individuation, archetype, collective unconscious , psychoanalysis, transcendency, spirituality, esoterics, mysticism, Jung

References:
Puti za predely «Ego». Transpersonal'naya perspektiva / Pod red. R. Uolsha i Fr. Boon. M.: Izd-vo Transpersonal'nogo Instituta, 1996. 318 s.
Chto takoe prosvetlenie? Issledovanie tseli dukhovnogo puti / Pod red. Dzh. Uayta. M.: Izd-vo Transpersonal'nogo Instituta, 1996. 326 s.
Yung K.-G. Analiticheskaya psikhologiya. Proshloe i nastoyashchee / Sost. V. Zelinskiy i A. Rutkevich. M.: MARTTIS, 1997. 320 s.
Yung K.-G. Psikhologiya bessoznatel'nogo / Per. s nem. M.: Kanon+ ROOI «Reabilitatsiya», 2016. 320 s.
Yung K.-G. Simvolicheskaya zhizn' / Per. s angl. M.: Kogito-Tsentr, 2003. 326 s

Abstract: The conversation between the frontman of Radio Mayak Evgeny Stakhovsky and the editor-in-chief Pavel Gurevich is devoted to the circumstances that led to the creation of Jung's analytical psychology. After their split with Freud which Jung took close to heart, Jung started to wonder why people pay so much attention to their everyday fuss and ignore their internal well-being and spiritual harmony. It is quite interesting that Jung denied Freud's theory of sexuality. Having wondered about the structure of human psyche, Jung introduced the concept of so-called 'collective unconscious'. Later he got that idea of psychological types and presented it in a form of a theory. The main method used in the conversation is historicism which allows to trabe back the stages of the development of analytical psychology and Jungian classification of personalities. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that interlocutors tried to demonstrate a significant contribution made by Jung to the development of psychoanalysis in general. Jung also described a 'gallery' of personalities with different adjusting mechanisms. Attribution of someone to this or that type of personality determines psychological traits, behavior patterns and even style of cognition. 

Keywords: extravert, introvert, attitudes, intuition, sense, feeling, cognition, collective unconscious, archetype, psychoanalysis

References:
Gurevich P.S. Psikhoanaliz. T. 1. Freydizm i neofreydizm: uchebnik dlya magistrov. 2-oe izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Yurayt, 2013. 531 s.
Gurevich P.S. Psikhoanaliz. T. 2. Sovremennaya glubinnaya psikhologiya: uchebnik dlya magistrov. 2-oe izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Yurayt, 2013. 564 s.
Freyd Z. Psikhoanaliz. Religiya. Kul'tura / Sost., vstup. st. A.M. Rutkevicha. M.: Kanon+, 2014. 336 s.
Yung K.G. Arkhetip i simvol. M.: Kanon+, 2015. 336 s.
Yung K.G. Dukh Merkuriy. M.: Kanon+, 1996. 384 s.
Yung K.G. Problemy dushi nashego vremeni / Per. s nem. A. Bokovikova. M.: Akad. proekt, 2007. 287 s.
Yung K.G. Psikhologicheskie tipy. M.: AST: Khranitel', 2006. 761 s