Abstract: Growing hostility, aggression and cruelty of modern teenagers are often viewed by psychologists from the point of view of personal traits interacting with social stimula. However, external determination of aggressive behavior is not always the leading one. The subject of the present research is the phenomenon of the dark traid of personal traits in a group of conditionally healthy teenagers viewed by the authors as one of the main intrapsychic factors of antisocial behavior. The concept of the Dark Triad was introduced by Paulhus and Williams in 2002. The components of the Dark Triad (subclinical forms of narcissism, machivellianism and sociopathy) interact with one another yet remain independent. The purpose of the present article is to study the relationship between components of the Dark Triad in a group of conditionally healthy teenagers, to define the leading personal traits closely connected with the Dark Triad, and development of a structure model of the phenomenon based on the authors' emperical data. The research involved 30 school students aged from 13 to 15 who did not have difficulty with their adaptation. The psychological tests included NPI-40, Lichko's pathological invesntory, machivellianism scale offered by R. Crhistie and F. L. Geis. Statistical analysis of the results was based on the exploratory factor analysis and structure modelling. The results of the research demonstrated that components of the Dark Triad were relatively independent from one another. Using the factor analysis, the authors defined 5 facors that described the Dark Traid in the best way: Aggression/sadism, suspicion/rancor, vanity, affectability and irritancy. The structure modelling showed a relative independence of components of the Dark Triad. The authors believe that these results can be used for further recognition of personal traits and character accentuations related to the Dark Triad showed by mentally healthy teenagers in order to define groups of children that tend to develop antisocial behavior, and to conduct preventive measures with them.

Keywords: structure modeling, factor analysis, behavioral disorders, teenagers, pathological personal traits, psychopathy, sociopathy, Machivellianism, Narcissism, dark traid

References:
Glenn A. L., Sellbom M. Theoretical and empirical concerns regarding the dark triad as a construct // Journal of Personality Disorders. 2015. ¹ 29(3). P. 360-377.
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC: Mental Hospital Services, 1952.
McHoskey J.W., Worzel W., Szyarto C. Machiavellianism and psychopathy // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1998. ¹ 74(1). P. 192–210.
Cleckley H.M. The mask of sanity: An attempt to reinterpret the so-called psychopathic personality. St Louis: The C.V. Mosby company, 1941.
Chabrol H., Van Leeuwen, N., Rodgers, R., Sejourne, N. Contributions of psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic personality traits to juvenile delinquency // Personality and Individual Differences. 2009. ¹ 47(7). P. 734–739.
Austin E., Farrelly D., Black C., Moore H. Emotional intelligence, Machiavellianism and emotional manipulation: Does EI have a dark side? // Personality & Individual Differences. 2007. Vol. 43. Issue 1. P. 179–189.
Sakalaki M., Kanellaki S., Richardson C. Is a Manipulator's Externality Paradoxical? The Relationship Between Machiavellianism, Economic Opportunism, and Economic Locus of Control // Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 2009. Vol. 39. Issue 11. P. 2591–2603.
Allsopp J., Eysenck H.J., Eysenck S.B.G. Eysenck Machiavellianism as a component in psychotism and extraversion // Personality & Individual Differences. 1991. Vol. 12. Issue 1. P. 29–41.
Christie R., Geis F. Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press, 1970.
Egorova M.S. Makiavellizm v strukture lichnostnykh svoystv / M.S. Egorova // Vestnik Permskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Seriya 10. Differentsial'naya psikhologiya. 2009. ¹ 1/2. S. 65–80.
Raskin R., Hall C.S. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Alternate form reliability and further evidence of construct validity // Journal of Personality Assessment. 1981. ¹ 45(2). P. 159–162.
Raskin R., Hall C.S. A narcissistic personality inventory // Psychological Reports. 1979. ¹ 45. P. 590.
Emmons R.A. Relationship between narcissism and sensation-seeking // Psychological reports. 1981. ¹ 48(1). P. 247–250.
Paulhus D.L., Williams K.M. The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy // Journal of Research in Personality. 2002. 36, 6(6). P. 556–563.
Egorova M.S. Temnaya triada [Elektronnyy resurs] / M.S. Egorova, M.A. Sitnikova // Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya. 2014. T. 7. ¹ 38. S. 12.

References (transliteration):
Glenn A. L., Sellbom M. Theoretical and empirical concerns regarding the dark triad as a construct // Journal of Personality Disorders. 2015. ¹ 29(3). P. 360-377.
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC: Mental Hospital Services, 1952.
McHoskey J.W., Worzel W., Szyarto C. Machiavellianism and psychopathy // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1998. ¹ 74(1). P. 192–210.
Cleckley H.M. The mask of sanity: An attempt to reinterpret the so-called psychopathic personality. St Louis: The C.V. Mosby company, 1941.
Chabrol H., Van Leeuwen, N., Rodgers, R., Sejourne, N. Contributions of psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic personality traits to juvenile delinquency // Personality and Individual Differences. 2009. ¹ 47(7). P. 734–739.
Austin E., Farrelly D., Black C., Moore H. Emotional intelligence, Machiavellianism and emotional manipulation: Does EI have a dark side? // Personality & Individual Differences. 2007. Vol. 43. Issue 1. P. 179–189.
Sakalaki M., Kanellaki S., Richardson C. Is a Manipulator's Externality Paradoxical? The Relationship Between Machiavellianism, Economic Opportunism, and Economic Locus of Control // Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 2009. Vol. 39. Issue 11. P. 2591–2603.
Allsopp J., Eysenck H.J., Eysenck S.B.G. Eysenck Machiavellianism as a component in psychotism and extraversion // Personality & Individual Differences. 1991. Vol. 12. Issue 1. P. 29–41.
Christie R., Geis F. Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press, 1970.
Egorova M.S. Makiavellizm v strukture lichnostnykh svoystv / M.S. Egorova // Vestnik Permskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Seriya 10. Differentsial'naya psikhologiya. 2009. ¹ 1/2. S. 65–80.
Raskin R., Hall C.S. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Alternate form reliability and further evidence of construct validity // Journal of Personality Assessment. 1981. ¹ 45(2). P. 159–162.
Raskin R., Hall C.S. A narcissistic personality inventory // Psychological Reports. 1979. ¹ 45. P. 590.
Emmons R.A. Relationship between narcissism and sensation-seeking // Psychological reports. 1981. ¹ 48(1). P. 247–250.
Paulhus D.L., Williams K.M. The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy // Journal of Research in Personality. 2002. 36, 6(6). P. 556–563.
Egorova M.S. Temnaya triada [Elektronnyy resurs] / M.S. Egorova, M.A. Sitnikova // Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya. 2014. T. 7. ¹ 38. S. 12.

Abstract: The subject of the present research is peculiarities of the subjective well-being. Special attention is paid to the category of subjective well-being, theories of subjective well-being in Russian and foreign psychology, components of subjective well-being and psychological features of subjective well-being of young men and women inclined to antisocial behavior. In order to carry out detailed analysis of the research subject, the authors conducted an empirical research with the hypothesis that the general level of subjective well-being demonstrated by young men considerably differs from the general level of subjective well-being of young women, in particular, the level of subjective well-being for young women is higher and has its own psychological peculiarities. For their empirical research the authors have used the Subjective Well-Being Scale adapted by N. Fetiskina and V. Kozlov, and The Psychological Well-Being Scale by Carol Ryff. The results of the research show that both young men and women inclined to antisocial behavior demonstrate deficiency in close and trustful relationships with others as the general level of their subjective well-being decreases. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors study subjective well-being of young men and women inclined to antisocial behavior and define their psychological peculiarities. Practical importance of the research is caused by the fact that the results of the research demonstrate that there are differences in subjective well-being of young men and women, thus different forms of assistance are needed for men and women during preventive measures against antisocial behavior. By using mathematical statistics methods the authors have defined significant differences in the general levels of subjective well-being, the level of subjective well-being was higher for a group of young men compared to a group of young women. As a result of the correlation analysis carried out, the authors have also defined the following peculiar relationships between subjective well-being and psychological well-being in groups of young men and women. Young men inclined to antisocial behavior demonstrate the inverse relationship between the level of tension and requirements of everyday life, psychoemotional symptoms and the level of psychological well-being. In other words, the higher tension and sensibility indicators are, the lower ability to perform everyday activities is, and aggravation of psychoemotional symptoms decreases the general level of psychological well-being. The group of young women demonstrated the dependence of their subjective well-being on mood changes. 

Keywords: psychological well-being, tension, sensibility, self-concept of health, satisfaction with everyday activity, independence, personal growth, life purposes, antisocial behavior, subjective well-being

References:
Nazarenko E.V. K voprosu kachestva zhizni lichnosti s pozitsii gumanisticheskoy psikhologii // Kachestvo zhizni, psikhologiya zdorov'ya i obrazovanie: mezhdistsiplinarnyy podkhod. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Moskva: Rossiyskiy universitet druzhby narodov, 24-25 aprelya 2014 g.
Zubova L.V. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti tsennostnykh orientatsiy podrostkov s razlichnoy napravlennost'yu lichnosti: Monografiya. Orenburg: OOIPKRO, 2002. 10,9 p. l.
Argayl M. Psikhologiya schast'ya. 2-e izd.-SPb.: Piter, 2003. 271s.
Yaremchuk S.V. Faktory sub'ektivnogo blagopoluchiya lichnosti: Ob'ektivnye i sub'ektivnye peremennye. Izdatel'stvo LAP, 2012. 95 s.
Australian Unity Blagopoluchie Indeks (2001 do 2013 http://www.acqol.com.au/reports/auwbi.php)
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (EUROFOUND) https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/agencies/eurofound_en
Zhuravlev A.L., Yurevich A.V. Schast'e kak nauchnaya kategoriya // Vestnik rossiyskoy akademii nauk. 2014. T. 84. ¹ 8. S. 715-723.
Shamionov R.M. Psikhologiya sub'ektivnogo blagopoluchiya: (k razrabotke integrativnoy kontseptsii) / Sarat. gos. un-t. Saratov, 2003. 15 s.

References (transliteration):
Nazarenko E.V. K voprosu kachestva zhizni lichnosti s pozitsii gumanisticheskoy psikhologii // Kachestvo zhizni, psikhologiya zdorov'ya i obrazovanie: mezhdistsiplinarnyy podkhod. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Moskva: Rossiyskiy universitet druzhby narodov, 24-25 aprelya 2014 g.
Zubova L.V. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti tsennostnykh orientatsiy podrostkov s razlichnoy napravlennost'yu lichnosti: Monografiya. Orenburg: OOIPKRO, 2002. 10,9 p. l.
Argayl M. Psikhologiya schast'ya. 2-e izd.-SPb.: Piter, 2003. 271s.
Yaremchuk S.V. Faktory sub'ektivnogo blagopoluchiya lichnosti: Ob'ektivnye i sub'ektivnye peremennye. Izdatel'stvo LAP, 2012. 95 s.
Australian Unity Blagopoluchie Indeks (2001 do 2013 http://www.acqol.com.au/reports/auwbi.php)
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (EUROFOUND) https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/agencies/eurofound_en
Zhuravlev A.L., Yurevich A.V. Schast'e kak nauchnaya kategoriya // Vestnik rossiyskoy akademii nauk. 2014. T. 84. ¹ 8. S. 715-723.
Shamionov R.M. Psikhologiya sub'ektivnogo blagopoluchiya: (k razrabotke integrativnoy kontseptsii) / Sarat. gos. un-t. Saratov, 2003. 15 s.

Abstract: Individual life expectancy is viewed by the author as a psychogenetic attribute. In her research Berezina analyzes the influence of heredity and environment on life expetency. Berezina emphasizes that both factors have the influence on life expectancy and provides the results of the analysis of academic literature proving the influence of heredity and environment. The main proof of the great role of heredity on life expetancy involves: pre-programmed amount of cell divisions, so called 'death genes', 'biological clock' and etc. The main proof of the great role of the environment on life expectancy includes: life expectancy of laboratory animals influenced by the environmental factors, non-genetic aging causes, phenomenon of 'reverse aging' demonstrated by some living creatures, etc. The author also provides the results of her own empirical research using the classical twin method. 100 monozygotic twins and 70 dizygotic twins living in the Russian Federation in the XXth - XXIst centuries were studied. Based on the results of the research, the mean difference in life expectancy was 9,4 years for monozygotic twins and 12,3 for dizygotic twins. The results of the correlation analysis provide the correlation of individual life expectancy being 0,91 for monozygotic twins and 0,73 for dizygotic twins. Based on the results of the research, the author concludes that the overall and proximate environment has had the dominating effect on individual life expectancy in our country during the period of time under review.   

Keywords: personal organization of time., theories of aging, environment, heredity, dizygotic twins, monozygotic twins, twin method, individual life expectancy, psychogenetics, psychology

References:
Gurevich P.S. Covremennyy vek i ego svyatyni (Okonchanie) // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie. 2012. ¹ 4. C. 3-5.
Berezina T.N. Veroyatnostnyy podkhod k prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni v sovremennykh teoriyakh stareniya // Psikholog. 2016. ¹ 1. C. 93-106. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8701.2016.1.18716. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_18716.html
Berezina T.N. Analiz prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni izvestnykh monozigotnykh bliznetsov s pozitsiy sub'ektnogo podkhoda // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2013. ¹ 5. S. 1-10.
Berezina T.N. Tvorcheskaya aktivnost' v strukture samootnosheniya i utverzhdenii samosti kak faktor antistareniya // Mir psikhologii. 2010. ¹ 4. S. 130-141.
Druzhinin V.N. Psikhologiya obshchikh sposobnostey. SPb.: Izdatel'stvo «Piter», 2007. 368 s
Berezina T.N. Sotsial'naya kreativnost' i sotsial'nyy intellekt v strukture obshchikh sposobnostey // Psikhologiya obucheniya. 2016. ¹ 2. S. 68-81.
Abul'khanova K.A. Lichnostnaya organizatsiya vremeni zhizni // Mir psikhologii. 2011. ¹ 3. S. 93-104.
Jacquard A. Heritability of human longevity // Biological and Social Aspects of Mortality and the Length of life // Ed. H.S. Preston. Liege, 1982.
Herskind AM, McGue M, Holm NV, Sørensen TI, Harvald B, Vaupel JW. The heritability of human longevity: a population-based study of 2872 Danish twin pairs born 1870-1900 // Human Genetics 1996;97:319-23.
Korpelainen H. Variation in the heritability and evolvability of human life span // Naturwissenschaften, 2000, 87: 566-568.
Browner WS , Kahn AJ , Ziv E , Reiner AP , Oshima J., Cawthon RM , Hsueh WC , Cummings SR . The genetics of human longevity. // Am J Med. 2004, 117 (11), 851-60.
Danzhen Y., Danan G., Zeng Y. Familial Transmission of Human Longevity Among the Oldest-Old in China. // Journal of Applied Gerontology June 2010 vol. 29 no. 3 308-332.
Willcox DC , Willcox BJ , Hsueh WC , Suzuki M. Genetic determinants of exceptional human longevity: insights from the Okinawa Centenarian Study. // Age (Dordr). 2006 Dec;28(4):313-32
Perls TT, Wilmoth J, Levenson R, et al. Life-long sustained mortality advantage of siblings of centenarians. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:8442-7.
Berezina T.N. Faktory sredy i ikh vliyanie na individual'nuyu prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni. // Mir psikhologii. 2013. ¹ 4. S. 165-178.
Berezina T.N., Mansurov E.I. Vliyanie stressogennykh faktorov na prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni letchikov-kosmonavtov // Voprosy psikhologii. 2015. ¹ 3. S. 73-83.
Volgin N.A. Demografiya. M.: Izd-vo RAGS, 2003. 384 s.
O stranakh. Geograficheskiy spravochnik. Elektronnyy resurs: http://ostranah.ru/_lists/life_expectancy.php
Berezina T.N. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti i mekhanizmy stressogennykh faktorov v professii letchik-kosmonavt // Chelovecheskiy kapital, 2015. ¹ 5(77). S. 134-137.
Lyman C.P. Hibernation and longevity in the turkish hamster //Science. 1981. Vol.212. P. 668-670.
Murphy E.A. Genetics of longevity in man // The Genetics of Aging. N.Y.: Plenum Press, 1978, r. 261—301
Ayyadevara S., Alla R., Thaden J.J., Shmookler Reis R.J. Remarkable longevity and stress resistance of nematode PI3K-null mutants //Aging Cell. 2008. Vol.7. P. 13-22.Hayflick L., Moorhead P.S. The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains // Exp. Cell Res., 1961, v. 253, p. 585-621.
Khalyavin A.V., Krut'ko V.N. Pervoprichiny stareniya i obratimost' etogo protsessa // Doklady MOIP. T. 48. Sektsiya Gerontologii. Sbornik statey. M.: MOIP, Tsifrovichok. 2011. S. 7-11.
Vaupel J.W., Baudisch A., Dolling M., et al. The case for negative senescence //Theor. Popul. Biol. 2004. Vol. 65. P. 339-351.
Gavrilov N.A., Gavrilova N.S. Biologiya prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni. M.: Nauka, 1991. 280 s.
Dontsov V.I. Perspektivnye napravleniya i metody. Obzor mirovykh tendentsiy // Doklady MOIP. T. 41. Sektsiya Gerontologii. Sbornik statey. M.: MOIP Mul'tiprint, 2008. S. 165-167.
Hayflick L., Moorhead P.S. The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains // Exp. Cell Res., 1961, v. 253, p. 585-621.
Skulachev V.P. Po fiziologii i meditsine S. Brenner, Kh.R. Khorvits, Dzh. Salston // Priroda. 2003. ¹ 1. S. 76-77.
Burtner C.R., Kennedy B.K. Progeria syndromes and ageing: what is the connection? // Nature Reviews Molecular cell Biology. 2010. v. 11. p. 567—578 doi:10.1038/nrm2944
Frol'kis V.V., Muradyan Kh.K. Eksperimental'nye puti prodleniya zhizni. L.: Nauka, 1988. 248 s.
Chernilevskiy V.E. Uchastie bioritmov organizma v protsessakh razvitiya i stareniya. Gipoteza rezonansa // Doklady MOIP. T. 41. Sektsiya Gerontologii. Sbornik statey. M.: MOIP: Mul'tiprint, 2008. S. 123-138.
Berezina T.N. Veroyatnostnaya model' prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2013. ¹ 4. S. 390-400.
Terman A., Kurz T., Gustaffson B., Brunk U. The involment of lysosomes in myocardial aging and disease // Curr Cardiol Rev. 2008 May; 4(2): 107-15.
Anisimov V.N. Molekulyarnye i fiziologicheskie mekhanizmy stareniya. M.: Nauka, 2003. 468 s.
Todorov I.N., Todorov G.I. Stress, starenie i ikh biokhimicheskaya korrektsiya. M.: Nauka, 2003. 479 s.

References (transliteration):
Gurevich P.S. Covremennyy vek i ego svyatyni (Okonchanie) // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie. 2012. ¹ 4. C. 3-5.
Berezina T.N. Veroyatnostnyy podkhod k prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni v sovremennykh teoriyakh stareniya // Psikholog. 2016. ¹ 1. C. 93-106. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8701.2016.1.18716. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_18716.html
Berezina T.N. Analiz prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni izvestnykh monozigotnykh bliznetsov s pozitsiy sub'ektnogo podkhoda // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2013. ¹ 5. S. 1-10.
Berezina T.N. Tvorcheskaya aktivnost' v strukture samootnosheniya i utverzhdenii samosti kak faktor antistareniya // Mir psikhologii. 2010. ¹ 4. S. 130-141.
Druzhinin V.N. Psikhologiya obshchikh sposobnostey. SPb.: Izdatel'stvo «Piter», 2007. 368 s
Berezina T.N. Sotsial'naya kreativnost' i sotsial'nyy intellekt v strukture obshchikh sposobnostey // Psikhologiya obucheniya. 2016. ¹ 2. S. 68-81.
Abul'khanova K.A. Lichnostnaya organizatsiya vremeni zhizni // Mir psikhologii. 2011. ¹ 3. S. 93-104.
Jacquard A. Heritability of human longevity // Biological and Social Aspects of Mortality and the Length of life // Ed. H.S. Preston. Liege, 1982.
Herskind AM, McGue M, Holm NV, Sørensen TI, Harvald B, Vaupel JW. The heritability of human longevity: a population-based study of 2872 Danish twin pairs born 1870-1900 // Human Genetics 1996;97:319-23.
Korpelainen H. Variation in the heritability and evolvability of human life span // Naturwissenschaften, 2000, 87: 566-568.
Browner WS , Kahn AJ , Ziv E , Reiner AP , Oshima J., Cawthon RM , Hsueh WC , Cummings SR . The genetics of human longevity. // Am J Med. 2004, 117 (11), 851-60.
Danzhen Y., Danan G., Zeng Y. Familial Transmission of Human Longevity Among the Oldest-Old in China. // Journal of Applied Gerontology June 2010 vol. 29 no. 3 308-332.
Willcox DC , Willcox BJ , Hsueh WC , Suzuki M. Genetic determinants of exceptional human longevity: insights from the Okinawa Centenarian Study. // Age (Dordr). 2006 Dec;28(4):313-32
Perls TT, Wilmoth J, Levenson R, et al. Life-long sustained mortality advantage of siblings of centenarians. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:8442-7.
Berezina T.N. Faktory sredy i ikh vliyanie na individual'nuyu prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni. // Mir psikhologii. 2013. ¹ 4. S. 165-178.
Berezina T.N., Mansurov E.I. Vliyanie stressogennykh faktorov na prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni letchikov-kosmonavtov // Voprosy psikhologii. 2015. ¹ 3. S. 73-83.
Volgin N.A. Demografiya. M.: Izd-vo RAGS, 2003. 384 s.
O stranakh. Geograficheskiy spravochnik. Elektronnyy resurs: http://ostranah.ru/_lists/life_expectancy.php
Berezina T.N. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti i mekhanizmy stressogennykh faktorov v professii letchik-kosmonavt // Chelovecheskiy kapital, 2015. ¹ 5(77). S. 134-137.
Lyman C.P. Hibernation and longevity in the turkish hamster //Science. 1981. Vol.212. P. 668-670.
Murphy E.A. Genetics of longevity in man // The Genetics of Aging. N.Y.: Plenum Press, 1978, r. 261—301
Ayyadevara S., Alla R., Thaden J.J., Shmookler Reis R.J. Remarkable longevity and stress resistance of nematode PI3K-null mutants //Aging Cell. 2008. Vol.7. P. 13-22.Hayflick L., Moorhead P.S. The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains // Exp. Cell Res., 1961, v. 253, p. 585-621.
Khalyavin A.V., Krut'ko V.N. Pervoprichiny stareniya i obratimost' etogo protsessa // Doklady MOIP. T. 48. Sektsiya Gerontologii. Sbornik statey. M.: MOIP, Tsifrovichok. 2011. S. 7-11.
Vaupel J.W., Baudisch A., Dolling M., et al. The case for negative senescence //Theor. Popul. Biol. 2004. Vol. 65. P. 339-351.
Gavrilov N.A., Gavrilova N.S. Biologiya prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni. M.: Nauka, 1991. 280 s.
Dontsov V.I. Perspektivnye napravleniya i metody. Obzor mirovykh tendentsiy // Doklady MOIP. T. 41. Sektsiya Gerontologii. Sbornik statey. M.: MOIP Mul'tiprint, 2008. S. 165-167.
Hayflick L., Moorhead P.S. The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains // Exp. Cell Res., 1961, v. 253, p. 585-621.
Skulachev V.P. Po fiziologii i meditsine S. Brenner, Kh.R. Khorvits, Dzh. Salston // Priroda. 2003. ¹ 1. S. 76-77.
Burtner C.R., Kennedy B.K. Progeria syndromes and ageing: what is the connection? // Nature Reviews Molecular cell Biology. 2010. v. 11. p. 567—578 doi:10.1038/nrm2944
Frol'kis V.V., Muradyan Kh.K. Eksperimental'nye puti prodleniya zhizni. L.: Nauka, 1988. 248 s.
Chernilevskiy V.E. Uchastie bioritmov organizma v protsessakh razvitiya i stareniya. Gipoteza rezonansa // Doklady MOIP. T. 41. Sektsiya Gerontologii. Sbornik statey. M.: MOIP: Mul'tiprint, 2008. S. 123-138.
Berezina T.N. Veroyatnostnaya model' prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2013. ¹ 4. S. 390-400.
Terman A., Kurz T., Gustaffson B., Brunk U. The involment of lysosomes in myocardial aging and disease // Curr Cardiol Rev. 2008 May; 4(2): 107-15.
Anisimov V.N. Molekulyarnye i fiziologicheskie mekhanizmy stareniya. M.: Nauka, 2003. 468 s.
Todorov I.N., Todorov G.I. Stress, starenie i ikh biokhimicheskaya korrektsiya. M.: Nauka, 2003. 479 s.

Abstract: The article is devoted to oniomania demonstrated by adolescents. Teenagers who have a disposition for oniomania are likely to avoid important life issues because of their individual peculiarities and projection of the control image. The authors analyze predisposition to shopping addiction demonstrated by high school students and how it is predetermined by social factors such as mass media and socio-cultural environment. The authors emphasize that adolescence is a risk factor for the development of addictive and deviant behavior, as it has a number of individual and social factors contributing to this. In their research the authors have used retrospective, dialectical approaches and methods of statistical analysis including comparative and correlation analysis based on Spearman r-criterion and non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors make a hypothesis about dependence of the disposition to oniomania on ideological values of the modern consumer society that have a certain impact on the development of personal traits of high school students provoking adoption and reproduction of addictive and deviant behaviors of the youth. The authors have identified direct and inverse correlations between particular scales of personality tests and predisposition to oniomania demonstrated by adolescents.

Keywords: deviant behavior, asocial phenomenon, addiction, teenagers, older students, oniomany, shopping addiction, predisposition to oniomania, personal features, compulsive buying

References:
Shcheglova I.G. The peculiarities of value orientations of senior pupils-prone oniomania // Psychology and psychotechnics. – 2015.-¹ 12. – S. 1234-1240.
Zubova L.V. Information and cognitive approach to the methodology of the genesis of antisocial personality. . Monograph. M.: «The House of Pedagogy», 2010. – 348.
McElroy, Susan H., Paul E. Keck and Katherine A. Phillips (1995), “Kleptomania, Compulsive Buying, and Binge-Eating Disorder,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 56(4), 14-26.
Epanchintseva, G.A. The Management process of the sovereignty of the individual as a problem of adult education // social and cultural dynamics of the region. Science. Culture. Education: Materials of all-Russian scientific-practical conference. – Orenburg, 2000. – S. 286-287
Harden, A. (1996), TV Shopping: A Summary of Women’s Attitudes Gained Through Focus Group Discussions.
Lee, Seung-Hee, Sharron J. Lennon and Nancy A. Rudd (2000), “Compulsive Consumption Tendencies Among Television Shoppers,” Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 28(4), 463-488.
Harrington, Alexandra (2003), “Channel Shopping With Celebrities,” Response TV, 11(10), 32-35.
Stephens, Debra L., Ronald P. Hill and Karyn Bergman (1996), “Enhancing the Consumer-Product Relationship: Lessons from the QVC Shopping Channel,” Journal of Business Research, 37, 193-200.
Schlosser S., Black D.W., Repertinger S., Freet D. Compulsive buying: Demography, phenomenology, and comorbidity in 46 subjects// General Hospital Psychiatry. – 1994. – V.N 3. – P. 205-212
Black D.W. Compulsive buying: A review// Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.-1996.-V. 57.-P. 50–54
Miltenberger R.G., Redlin J., Crosby R., Stickney M., Mitchell J., Wonderlich S., Faber R., Smyth J. Direct and retrospective assessment of factors contributing to compulsive buying// Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry.-2003.-V. 34.-N. 1.-P. 1-9.
Dittmar H. Understanding and diagnosing compulsive buying. In: Coombs R, editor. Addictive disorders: a practical handbook. New York: Wiley; 2004. pp. 411–450.
Koran LM. Faber RJ. Aboujaoude E, et al. Estimated prevalence of compulsive buying in the United States.Am J Psychiatry. 2006; 163:1806–1812.
Bernik MA. Akerman D. Amaral JAMS, et al. Cue exposure in compulsive buying. J Clin Psychiatry.1996;57:90.
Faber RJ. O'Guinn TC. A clinical screener for compulsive buying. J Consumer Res. 1992; 19:459–469.
Lejoyeux M. Tassain V. Solomon J, et al. Study of compulsive buying in depressed patients. J Clin Psychiatry.1997; 58:169–173.
McElroy S., Jr Keck PE., Jr Pope HG, Jr, et al. Compulsive buying: a report of 20 cases. J Clin Psychiatry.1994; 55:242–248.
Christenson GA. Faber JR. de Zwann M. Compulsive buying: descriptive characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994; 55:5–11.
Schlosser S. Black DW. Repertinger S, et al. Compulsive buying: demography, phenomenology, and comorbidity in 46 subjects. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1994; 16:205–212.
Scherhorn G. Reisch LA. Raab G. Addictive buying in West Germany: an empirical study. J Consum Policy.1990; 13:355–387.
Bleuler E. New York: Macmillan; 1930. Textbook of psychiatry.
Kraepelin E. 8th ed. Leipzig: Barth; 1915. Psychiatrie.
Elliott R. Addictive consumption: function and fragmentation in post-modernity. J Consumer Policy.1994; 17:159–179.

References (transliteration):
Shcheglova I.G. The peculiarities of value orientations of senior pupils-prone oniomania // Psychology and psychotechnics. – 2015.-¹ 12. – S. 1234-1240.
Zubova L.V. Information and cognitive approach to the methodology of the genesis of antisocial personality. . Monograph. M.: «The House of Pedagogy», 2010. – 348.
McElroy, Susan H., Paul E. Keck and Katherine A. Phillips (1995), “Kleptomania, Compulsive Buying, and Binge-Eating Disorder,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 56(4), 14-26.
Epanchintseva, G.A. The Management process of the sovereignty of the individual as a problem of adult education // social and cultural dynamics of the region. Science. Culture. Education: Materials of all-Russian scientific-practical conference. – Orenburg, 2000. – S. 286-287
Harden, A. (1996), TV Shopping: A Summary of Women’s Attitudes Gained Through Focus Group Discussions.
Lee, Seung-Hee, Sharron J. Lennon and Nancy A. Rudd (2000), “Compulsive Consumption Tendencies Among Television Shoppers,” Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 28(4), 463-488.
Harrington, Alexandra (2003), “Channel Shopping With Celebrities,” Response TV, 11(10), 32-35.
Stephens, Debra L., Ronald P. Hill and Karyn Bergman (1996), “Enhancing the Consumer-Product Relationship: Lessons from the QVC Shopping Channel,” Journal of Business Research, 37, 193-200.
Schlosser S., Black D.W., Repertinger S., Freet D. Compulsive buying: Demography, phenomenology, and comorbidity in 46 subjects// General Hospital Psychiatry. – 1994. – V.N 3. – P. 205-212
Black D.W. Compulsive buying: A review// Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.-1996.-V. 57.-P. 50–54
Miltenberger R.G., Redlin J., Crosby R., Stickney M., Mitchell J., Wonderlich S., Faber R., Smyth J. Direct and retrospective assessment of factors contributing to compulsive buying// Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry.-2003.-V. 34.-N. 1.-P. 1-9.
Dittmar H. Understanding and diagnosing compulsive buying. In: Coombs R, editor. Addictive disorders: a practical handbook. New York: Wiley; 2004. pp. 411–450.
Koran LM. Faber RJ. Aboujaoude E, et al. Estimated prevalence of compulsive buying in the United States.Am J Psychiatry. 2006; 163:1806–1812.
Bernik MA. Akerman D. Amaral JAMS, et al. Cue exposure in compulsive buying. J Clin Psychiatry.1996;57:90.
Faber RJ. O'Guinn TC. A clinical screener for compulsive buying. J Consumer Res. 1992; 19:459–469.
Lejoyeux M. Tassain V. Solomon J, et al. Study of compulsive buying in depressed patients. J Clin Psychiatry.1997; 58:169–173.
McElroy S., Jr Keck PE., Jr Pope HG, Jr, et al. Compulsive buying: a report of 20 cases. J Clin Psychiatry.1994; 55:242–248.
Christenson GA. Faber JR. de Zwann M. Compulsive buying: descriptive characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994; 55:5–11.
Schlosser S. Black DW. Repertinger S, et al. Compulsive buying: demography, phenomenology, and comorbidity in 46 subjects. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1994; 16:205–212.
Scherhorn G. Reisch LA. Raab G. Addictive buying in West Germany: an empirical study. J Consum Policy.1990; 13:355–387.
Bleuler E. New York: Macmillan; 1930. Textbook of psychiatry.
Kraepelin E. 8th ed. Leipzig: Barth; 1915. Psychiatrie.
Elliott R. Addictive consumption: function and fragmentation in post-modernity. J Consumer Policy.1994; 17:159–179.

Abstract: In connection with the development of the Internet and ubiquitous gadgets it became popular to be friends in virtual reality. This phenomenon is poorly studied in science. Virtual friendship (online friendship, friendship in social networks) is defined in the article as a kind of interaction on the Internet, when people are on the list of friends, but do not perform selfless close personal relationships. In their study the authors used questionnaires, testing, observation; the experiment was also conducted, during which they registered a non-existent teenager with minimal data about his biography and social preferences, with different pictures in one of the social networks. It was diagnosed who and how people make friends with an unknown man. It was revealed that over a half of teenagers add a stranger to their friend lists, the authors have also described other oxymorons of online friendship. It is determined that internet friendship is closely connected with sympathy, but weakly associated with Internet communication. Virtual friendship should be classified more as acquaintance. Virtual friendship is a powerful tool of teenage socialization. 

Keywords: virtual friendship, online friendship, virtual communication, online communication, psychology of social networks, Internet addiction, communication psychology, psychology of friendship, adolescence, teenage years, teenager

References:
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Vinogradova T.Yu. Spetsifika obshcheniya v internete // Russkaya i sopostavitel'naya filologiya: Lingvokul'turologicheskiy aspekt / Pod red. N.A. Andramonova. Kazan': Kazanskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, 2004. S. 63-67.
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Cheung Ch., Pui-Yee Ch., Lee Matthew K. Online social networks: Why do students use Facebook? // Computers in Human Behavior. 2011. Vol. 27. Issue 4. July. P.1337–1343.
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Lin K., Lu H. Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory // Computers in Human Behavior. 2011. Vol. 27. Issue 3. May. P. 1152–1161.
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Nadkarni A., Hofmann S. Why do people use Facebook? // Personality and Individual Differences. 2012. Vol. 52. Issue 3. February. P. 243–249.
Ryan T., Xenos S. Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage // Computers in Human Behavior. 2011. Vol. 27. Issue 5. September. P. 1658–1664.
Skues J, Ben W., Wise L. The effects of personality traits, self-esteem, loneliness, and narcissism on Facebook use among university students // Computers in Human Behavior. 2012. Vol. 28. Issue 6. November. P. 2414–2419.
Kaveri S., Reich S., Waechter N., Guadalupe E. Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults // Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 2008. Vol. 29. Issue 6. November–December. P. 420–433.
Shanyang Zh., Grasmuck Sh., Jason M. Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships // Computers in Human Behavior. 2008. Vol.
Issue 5. September. P. 1816–1836.
N. A. Tsoy Fenomen internet-zavisimosti v interpretatsii teorii funktsionalizma // Politika i Obshchestvo. - 2011. - 7. - C. 45 - 55.
Alistratova E.Yu. Proaktivnaya agressiya v Internete: prichiny, posledstviya i vozmozhnye puti profilaktiki. // Psikholog. - 2014. - 1. - C. 39 - 54. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8701.2014.1.11636. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_11636.html

References (transliteration):
Voyskunskiy A.E. Aktual'nye problemy psikhologii zavisimosti ot Interneta // Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 2004. T. 25. ¹ 1. S. 90-100.
Vinogradova T.Yu. Spetsifika obshcheniya v internete // Russkaya i sopostavitel'naya filologiya: Lingvokul'turologicheskiy aspekt / Pod red. N.A. Andramonova. Kazan': Kazanskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, 2004. S. 63-67.
Zhilinskaya A.V. Internet kak resurs dlya resheniya zadach podrostkovogo vozrasta: obzor psikhologicheskikh issledovaniy [Elektronnyy resurs] // Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie psyedu.ru. 2014. ¹1. URL: http://psyjournals.ru/psyedu_ru/2014/n1/67976.shtml (data oboashcheniya 01.05.2014)
Zhichkina A.E. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie aspekty obshcheniya v Internete. M.: Dashkov i Ko, 2004. 117 s.
Kon I.S. Psikhologiya ranney yunosti. M., 1989. 256 s.
Kondrashkin A.V. Internet v razvitii sovremennykh podrostkov [Elektronnyy resurs] // Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie psyedu.ru. 2013. ¹2. S. 114–134 URL: http://psyjournals.ru/psyedu_ru/2013/n2/61327.shtml (data obrashcheniya 04.09.2013)
Korytnikova N.V. Virtualizatsiya obshchestva i internet kak sredstvo proizvodstva setevykh kommunikatsiy // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2007. ¹2. S. 85–93.
Ovakimyan O.S. Virtual'nye sotsial'nye seti v rakurse sotsiologicheskogo analiza // Grani. 2011. ¹2 (76). S. 68–71.
Silaeva V.L. Internet kak sotsial'nyy fenomen // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2008. ¹ 11. S. 101–107.
Soldatova G.V., Zotova E.Yu. Chekalina A.I., Gostimskaya O.S. Poymannye odnoy set'yu. M., 2011. 176 s.
Shiyanov E.N., Drepa M.I. Internet-zavisimost' i ee profilaktika u studentov: uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie. Stavropol': Izd-vo «Grafa», 2009. 348 s.
Chudova N.V. Osobennosti obraza «Ya» zhitelya interneta // Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 2002. T. 23. ¹ 1. S. 113-117.
Shchekoturov A.V. Net-druzhba v strukture konstruirovaniya virtual'noy identichnosti podrostkov // Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. 2013. ¹ 3-1. S. 441-445.
Shcherbina V.N. Setevye soobshchestva v rakurse sotsiologicheskogo analiza. Berdyansk: Berdyanskiy pedagogicheskiy institut, 2001. 228 s.
Cheung Ch., Pui-Yee Ch., Lee Matthew K. Online social networks: Why do students use Facebook? // Computers in Human Behavior. 2011. Vol. 27. Issue 4. July. P.1337–1343.
Karpinski A., Kirschner P. Facebook® and academic performance // Computers in Human Behavior. 2010. Vol. 26. Issue 6. November. P. 1237–1245.
Lin K., Lu H. Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory // Computers in Human Behavior. 2011. Vol. 27. Issue 3. May. P. 1152–1161.
McAndrew F., Jeong H. Who does what on Facebook? Age, sex, and relationship status as predictors of Facebook use // Computers in Human Behavior. 2012. Vol. 28. Issue 6. November. P. 2359–2365.
Nadkarni A., Hofmann S. Why do people use Facebook? // Personality and Individual Differences. 2012. Vol. 52. Issue 3. February. P. 243–249.
Ryan T., Xenos S. Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage // Computers in Human Behavior. 2011. Vol. 27. Issue 5. September. P. 1658–1664.
Skues J, Ben W., Wise L. The effects of personality traits, self-esteem, loneliness, and narcissism on Facebook use among university students // Computers in Human Behavior. 2012. Vol. 28. Issue 6. November. P. 2414–2419.
Kaveri S., Reich S., Waechter N., Guadalupe E. Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults // Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 2008. Vol. 29. Issue 6. November–December. P. 420–433.
Shanyang Zh., Grasmuck Sh., Jason M. Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships // Computers in Human Behavior. 2008. Vol.
Issue 5. September. P. 1816–1836.
N. A. Tsoy Fenomen internet-zavisimosti v interpretatsii teorii funktsionalizma // Politika i Obshchestvo. - 2011. - 7. - C. 45 - 55.
Alistratova E.Yu. Proaktivnaya agressiya v Internete: prichiny, posledstviya i vozmozhnye puti profilaktiki. // Psikholog. - 2014. - 1. - C. 39 - 54. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8701.2014.1.11636. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_11636.html

Abstract: The article taps into an approach integrating the dispositional and social cognitive paradigms of personality under a unified umbrella. The key element of the dispositional approach to personality is the concept of traits, i.e. individual combinations of motives and patterns of behavior that describe and allow to predict one's actions. On the contrary, cognitive theories of personality emphasize the crucial role of situational and contextual factors. For this purpose, a construct of trait efficacy is introduced being referred to as an aspect of a trait which underscores that an individual may identify her or his skills and habits to respond adequately to situations which exert cues relevant to the given trait. It is assumed that in certain cases trait efficacy more adequately describes invidual's behavior including academic success and achievements. 1030 students from a Russian university filled in the Big Five Inventory that measures personality traits (the so called five-factor model) and the modified version of the Inventory designated to measure the dispositional efficacy. The researchers measured the two types of academic achievement, university success at the end of academic terms and Unified State Exam scores (Russian and math subtests). The traits were shown to correlate strongly with respective trait efficacy; meanwhile, in terms of mean differences, each trait was found to differ substantially from its trait efficacy counterpart. Academic achievement indicators correlated weakly with personality traits. Dispositional efficacy reproduced those correlations but obtained effects were higher except for the correlation between diligence and university success. In five cases out of seven personality traits related indirectly to academic achievement indicators. In other words, these links were mediated by respective trait efficacy. Theoretically, compared to personality traits dispositional efficacy is a more changeable construct that involves acquisition of personal behavioral schemes and identification therewith. Being a personality trait, dispositional efficacy is, psychometrically, a product of autobiographic memory. The findings obtained and corresponding theorisations promote a further opportunity to contemplate the construct of personality trait in a way of its inner structural differentiation.

Keywords: self-efficacy, the Big Five, academic achievement, congitive theories of personality, integrative frameworks, five-factor model, personality traits, autobiographical memory, questionnaires, Big Five Inventory

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Gaydar M.I. Razvitie lichnostnoy samoeffektivnosti studentov-psikhologov na etape vuzovskogo obucheniya. // Avtoreferat… kand. psikhol. nauk. Kursk, 2008.

References (transliteration):
Zuckerman M. Personality science: Three approaches and their applications to the causes and treatment of depression. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, 2011.
Shchebetenko S. “The best man in the world”: Attitudes toward personality traits // Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics. 2014. Vol. 11, ¹ 3. pp. 129–148.
Verhage M. L., Oosterman M., Schuengel C. Parenting self-efficacy predicts perceptions of infant negative temperament characteristics, not vice versa. // Journal of Family Psychology. 2013. Vol. 27, ¹ 5. pp. 844–849.
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Preacher K. J., Hayes A. F. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. // Behavior Research Methods. 2008. Vol. 40, ¹ 3. pp. 879–891.
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John O. P., Naumann L. P., Soto C. J. Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. // In: O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 114–158). New York, NY: Guilford Press, 2008.
John O. P., Donahue E. M., Kentle R. L. The Big Five Inventory:Versions 4a and 5. — Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Personality and Social Research, 1991.
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Gaydar M.I. Razvitie lichnostnoy samoeffektivnosti studentov-psikhologov na etape vuzovskogo obucheniya. // Avtoreferat… kand. psikhol. nauk. Kursk, 2008.

Abstract: The author examines such themes as the impact of self-determination on self-realization and the nature of this influence. The process of self-determination is a complex personality formation that provides a person with the freedom to choose the path of development (Dacey, Ryan) and the ability to act independently from external circumstances and unpredictable for outside observers but following his own logic and beliefs. The modern person each day faces increased requirements  at work or school and at the same time has the freedom and a large variety of life paths and strategies. He can maximize his potential and live a creative life and express his inner world. One's self-determination influences the ability to choose one's own path of development, to resist external distractions from his main goals in life and, therefore,  to strive for self-realization. The following methods were used to study parameters of self-determination: «Test of life orientations» by Dmitry Leontiev (the scale «general indicator of life meaningfulness»), the test «The ability to self-regulation» by Peysakhov (the scale  «general indicator of the ability to self-regulation»), «The test of self-determination» (the scales «autonomy» and «self-expression»). The author also used the overall rate for the study of self-realization («Questionnaire of self-realization»  by Kudinov). The study revealed that such parameters of self-determination as the ability to self-regulation, autonomy and self-expression have a positive effect on self-realization if they have mean values, i.e. the driving force of self-realization is the harmonious development of self-determination and external determination and meaningfulness of life is the foundation for these processes.

Keywords: autonomy, determination, self-determination, the meaningfulness of life, self-expression, self-determination options, development, self-development, self-realization, the ability to self-regulation

References:
Deci E. L. The psychology of self-determination / E. L. Deci. — Lexington books, Toronto, 1980.
Yuzhaninova E.R. Internet kak novoe prostranstvo samorealizatsii molodezhi / E.R. Yuzhaninova // Vestnik orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. – 2013.-¹ 7(156). – S. 82-89
Lichnostnyy potentsial: struktura i diagnostika. / Pod red. D.A. Leont'eva. M.: Smysl, 2011. – 679 s.
Kudinov, S.I. Sistemnaya model' samorealizatsii lichnosti /S.I. Kudinov// Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Psikhologiya i pedagogika – M.: Izd-vo RUDN, 2008. – ¹ 1. – S. 28-37.
Gegel' F. Fenomenologiya dukha / Per. s nem. Shpeta G.G., Kommentariy Selivanova Yu.R.-M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2008.-767 s.

References (transliteration):
Deci E. L. The psychology of self-determination / E. L. Deci. — Lexington books, Toronto, 1980.
Yuzhaninova E.R. Internet kak novoe prostranstvo samorealizatsii molodezhi / E.R. Yuzhaninova // Vestnik orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. – 2013.-¹ 7(156). – S. 82-89
Lichnostnyy potentsial: struktura i diagnostika. / Pod red. D.A. Leont'eva. M.: Smysl, 2011. – 679 s.
Kudinov, S.I. Sistemnaya model' samorealizatsii lichnosti /S.I. Kudinov// Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Psikhologiya i pedagogika – M.: Izd-vo RUDN, 2008. – ¹ 1. – S. 28-37.
Gegel' F. Fenomenologiya dukha / Per. s nem. Shpeta G.G., Kommentariy Selivanova Yu.R.-M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2008.-767 s.

Abstract: In this article Schebetenko offers a definition of the ‘reflected attitude to personality feature’ as an individual opinion on what his significant others view as a positive or negative personality feature. In terms of the five-factor model of personality (McCrae & Costa, 1996, 2013) this construct is viewed as a particular case of typical metacognitive adaptations. The latter represent the ‘thoughts about features’, i.e. the element of personality structure being monitored by an individual. 1030 university students participated in the research of how a reflected attitude to a personality feature may predict the academic success taking into account the statistical control of a particular personality feature and other metacognitive adaptations. This is a correlational research. The researcher has studied the Big Five of personality traits and metacognitive adaptations including dispositional efficiency, attitude to a feature, reflected feature and reflected attitude to a feature. The following indicators of academic success have been studied: results of the Russian language and mathematics USE and quarterly academic records. The main hypotheses have been proved by the means of correlation and hierarchic multiple regression analysis. Schebetenko has discovered that reflected attitudes to friendliness, diligence and neuroticism can make additional contribution to academic success, even after the statistical control of a personality feature and other metacognitive adaptations associated with it. The researcher proves that the particular influence of a reflected attitude to personality traits can make an individual to positively react to these features among other people, for example, students or lecturers. Generally speaking, this can lead to the formation of a certain environment around an individual which, in particular, can stimulate his academic activity.

Keywords: personality features, social attitudes, intersubjectivity, five-factor model, academic success, USE (Unified State Exam), friendliness, diligence, neuroticism, metacognition.

References:
Valsiner, J. (2000). Culture and human development. SAGE.
Tice, D. M., & Wallace, H. M. (2003). The reflected self: Creating yourself as (you think) others see you. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 91–105). Guilford Press.
Trapmann, S., Hell, B., Hirn, J.-O. W., & Schuler, H. (2007). Meta-analysis of the re-lationship between the Big Five and academic success at university. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology, 215(2), 132–151.
Sutin, A. R. (2008). Autobiographical memory as a dynamic process: Autobiograph-ical memory mediates basic tendencies and characteristic adaptations. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(4), 1060–1066.
Slobodskaya, H. R. (2007). The associations among the Big Five, behavioural inhibi-tion and behavioural approach systems and child and adolescent adjustment in Russia. Personali-ty and Individual Differences, 43(4), 913–924.
Shchebetenko, S., & Bergfeld, A. Y. (unpublished manuscript). Reflected personality traits and attitudes toward personality as metacognitive characteristic adaptations that contribute to academic achievement in Russian universities.
Shrauger, J. S., & Schoeneman, T. J. (1979). Symbolic interactionist view of self-concept: Through the looking glass darkly. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 549–573.
Richardson, M., Abraham, C., & Bond, R. (2012). Psychological correlates of univer-sity students’ academic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bul-letin, 138(2), 353–387.
Poropat, A. E. (2009). A meta-analysis of the five-factor model of personality and ac-ademic performance. Psychological Bulletin, 135(2), 322–338.
Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society: From the standpoint of a social behav-iorist. University of Chicago Press.
Petty, R. E., & Briñol, P. (2012). The history of attitudes and persuasion research. In A. W. Kruglanski & W. Stroebe (Eds.), Handbook of the history of social psychology (pp. 285–320). New York: Psychology Press.
Mead, G. H. (1932). The philosophy of the present. (A. E. Murphy, Ed.). Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Martin, J., & Gillespie, A. (2010). A neo-Meadian approach to human agency: Relat-ing the social and the psychological in the ontogenesis of perspective-coordinating persons. Inte-grative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 44(3), 252–272.
McAbee, S. T., & Oswald, F. L. (2013). The criterion-related validity of personality measures for predicting GPA: A meta-analytic validity competition. Psychological Assessment, 25(2), 532–544.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr., P. T. (1996). Toward a new generation of personality theories: Theoretical contexts for the five-factor model. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed.), The Five-factor Model of Personality: Theoretical Perspectives (pp. 51–87). Guilford Press.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr., P. T. (2013). Introduction to the empirical and theoretical status of the five-factor model of personality traits. In T. A. Widiger, P. T. Costa, & Jr. (Eds.), Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality (3rd ed.) (pp. 15–27). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
Laing, R. D., Phillipson, H., & Lee, A. R. (1966). Interpersonal perception: A theory and a method of research (Vol. vii). Oxford, England: Springer.
Löckenhoff, C. E., Terracciano, A., Ferrucci, L., & Costa, P. T. (2012). Five-factor personality traits and age trajectories of self-rated health: The role of question framing. Journal of Personality, 80(2), 375–401.
Malloy, T. E., Albright, L., Kenny, D. A., Agatstein, F., & Winquist, L. (1997). Inter-personal perception and metaperception in nonoverlapping social groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 390–398.
Kenny, D. A., & DePaulo, B. M. (1993). Do people know how others view them? An empirical and theoretical account. Psychological Bulletin, 114(1), 145–161.
Jost, J. T., Kruglanski, A. W., & Nelson, T. O. (1998). Social metacognition: An ex-pansionist review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(2), 137–154.
John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. In O. P. John, R. W. Rob-ins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 114–158). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. Digireads.com Publishing.
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Gillespie, A. (2012). Position exchange: The social development of agency. New Ide-as in Psychology, 30(1), 32–46.
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Felson, R. B. (1993). The (somewhat) social self: How others affect self-appraisals. In J. Suls (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on the self, Volume 4: The self in social perspective. Psychology Press.
Farmer, S. M., & Van Dyne, L. (2010). The idealized self and the situated self as pre-dictors of employee work behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 503–516.
Cooley, C. H. (1902). Human nature and the social order. Transaction Publishers.
DeYoung, C. G., Hirsh, J. B., Shane, M. S., Papademetris, X., Rajeevan, N., & Gray, J. R. (2010). Testing predictions from personality neuroscience: Brain structure and the Big Five. Psychological Science, 21(6), 820–828.
Cook, W. L., & Douglas, E. M. (1998). The looking-glass self in family context: A social relations analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 12(3), 299–309.
Shchebetenko S.A. (neopubl.). Metakognitivnye kharakternye adaptatsii.
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Shchebetenko S.A., Tyutikova E.A. «Kartina khorosha, potomu chto khorosha otkrytost' opytu»: oposreduyushchaya rol' ustanovok na cherty v individual'nykh razlichiyakh otnosheniya k zhivopisi // Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vysshey Shkoly Ekonomiki, v pechati.
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¹ 27. 6. Merlin V.S. Ocherk integral'nogo issledovaniya individual'nosti. Pedagogika, 1986. 253 c.
Aronson E. Obshchestvennoe zhivotnoe. Vvedenie v sotsial'nuyu psikhologiyu. M: Aspekt-Press, 1998. 517 c.
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References (transliteration):
Valsiner, J. (2000). Culture and human development. SAGE.
Tice, D. M., & Wallace, H. M. (2003). The reflected self: Creating yourself as (you think) others see you. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 91–105). Guilford Press.
Trapmann, S., Hell, B., Hirn, J.-O. W., & Schuler, H. (2007). Meta-analysis of the re-lationship between the Big Five and academic success at university. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology, 215(2), 132–151.
Sutin, A. R. (2008). Autobiographical memory as a dynamic process: Autobiograph-ical memory mediates basic tendencies and characteristic adaptations. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(4), 1060–1066.
Slobodskaya, H. R. (2007). The associations among the Big Five, behavioural inhibi-tion and behavioural approach systems and child and adolescent adjustment in Russia. Personali-ty and Individual Differences, 43(4), 913–924.
Shchebetenko, S., & Bergfeld, A. Y. (unpublished manuscript). Reflected personality traits and attitudes toward personality as metacognitive characteristic adaptations that contribute to academic achievement in Russian universities.
Shrauger, J. S., & Schoeneman, T. J. (1979). Symbolic interactionist view of self-concept: Through the looking glass darkly. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 549–573.
Richardson, M., Abraham, C., & Bond, R. (2012). Psychological correlates of univer-sity students’ academic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bul-letin, 138(2), 353–387.
Poropat, A. E. (2009). A meta-analysis of the five-factor model of personality and ac-ademic performance. Psychological Bulletin, 135(2), 322–338.
Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society: From the standpoint of a social behav-iorist. University of Chicago Press.
Petty, R. E., & Briñol, P. (2012). The history of attitudes and persuasion research. In A. W. Kruglanski & W. Stroebe (Eds.), Handbook of the history of social psychology (pp. 285–320). New York: Psychology Press.
Mead, G. H. (1932). The philosophy of the present. (A. E. Murphy, Ed.). Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Martin, J., & Gillespie, A. (2010). A neo-Meadian approach to human agency: Relat-ing the social and the psychological in the ontogenesis of perspective-coordinating persons. Inte-grative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 44(3), 252–272.
McAbee, S. T., & Oswald, F. L. (2013). The criterion-related validity of personality measures for predicting GPA: A meta-analytic validity competition. Psychological Assessment, 25(2), 532–544.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr., P. T. (1996). Toward a new generation of personality theories: Theoretical contexts for the five-factor model. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed.), The Five-factor Model of Personality: Theoretical Perspectives (pp. 51–87). Guilford Press.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr., P. T. (2013). Introduction to the empirical and theoretical status of the five-factor model of personality traits. In T. A. Widiger, P. T. Costa, & Jr. (Eds.), Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality (3rd ed.) (pp. 15–27). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
Laing, R. D., Phillipson, H., & Lee, A. R. (1966). Interpersonal perception: A theory and a method of research (Vol. vii). Oxford, England: Springer.
Löckenhoff, C. E., Terracciano, A., Ferrucci, L., & Costa, P. T. (2012). Five-factor personality traits and age trajectories of self-rated health: The role of question framing. Journal of Personality, 80(2), 375–401.
Malloy, T. E., Albright, L., Kenny, D. A., Agatstein, F., & Winquist, L. (1997). Inter-personal perception and metaperception in nonoverlapping social groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 390–398.
Kenny, D. A., & DePaulo, B. M. (1993). Do people know how others view them? An empirical and theoretical account. Psychological Bulletin, 114(1), 145–161.
Jost, J. T., Kruglanski, A. W., & Nelson, T. O. (1998). Social metacognition: An ex-pansionist review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(2), 137–154.
John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. In O. P. John, R. W. Rob-ins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 114–158). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. Digireads.com Publishing.
John, O. P., Donahue, E. M., & Kentle, R. L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory--Versions 4a and 54. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Personality and Social Research.
Gillespie, A. (2012). Position exchange: The social development of agency. New Ide-as in Psychology, 30(1), 32–46.
Hopwood, C. J., Morey, L. C., Donnellan, M. B., Samuel, D. B., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., … Skodol, A. E. (2013). Ten year rank-order stability of personality traits and disorders in a clinical sample. Journal of Personality, 81(3), 335–344.
Felson, R. B. (1993). The (somewhat) social self: How others affect self-appraisals. In J. Suls (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on the self, Volume 4: The self in social perspective. Psychology Press.
Farmer, S. M., & Van Dyne, L. (2010). The idealized self and the situated self as pre-dictors of employee work behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 503–516.
Cooley, C. H. (1902). Human nature and the social order. Transaction Publishers.
DeYoung, C. G., Hirsh, J. B., Shane, M. S., Papademetris, X., Rajeevan, N., & Gray, J. R. (2010). Testing predictions from personality neuroscience: Brain structure and the Big Five. Psychological Science, 21(6), 820–828.
Cook, W. L., & Douglas, E. M. (1998). The looking-glass self in family context: A social relations analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 12(3), 299–309.
Shchebetenko S.A. (neopubl.). Metakognitivnye kharakternye adaptatsii.
Shchebetenko S.A. Ustanovki na cherty lichnosti v kontekste Bol'shoy Pyaterki // Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vysshey Shkoly Ekonomiki, v pechati.
Shchebetenko S.A., Tyutikova E.A. «Kartina khorosha, potomu chto khorosha otkrytost' opytu»: oposreduyushchaya rol' ustanovok na cherty v individual'nykh razlichiyakh otnosheniya k zhivopisi // Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vysshey Shkoly Ekonomiki, v pechati.
Allik, J., & Realo, A. (1997). Intelligence, academic abilities, and personality. Per-sonality and Individual Differences, 23(5), 809–814.
Baumeister, R. F. (1986). Identity: cultural change and the struggle for self. Oxford University Press, Incorporated.
Pervin L., Dzhon O. Psikhologiya lichnosti: Teoriya i issledovaniya. M: Aspekt-Press, 2001. 607 s.
¹ 27. 6. Merlin V.S. Ocherk integral'nogo issledovaniya individual'nosti. Pedagogika, 1986. 253 c.
Aronson E. Obshchestvennoe zhivotnoe. Vvedenie v sotsial'nuyu psikhologiyu. M: Aspekt-Press, 1998. 517 c.
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Kochergina E.V., Nay D., Orel E.A. Faktory «Bol'shoy pyaterki» kak psikhologicheskie prediktory akademicheskoy uspevaemosti studentov vuzov // Psikhologicheskie Issledovaniya. 2013. T.

Abstract: The authors of the article present a correlation research of personality features in accordance with the two levels of processing of social information by an individual: explicit (central) and implicit (associative) levels. 152 University students participated in the research. The researchers studied the Big Five of personality features from the point of view of the paradigm of multivariate analysis. Explicit features were measured based on the Big Five Inventory questionnaire and the implicit features were measured by the means of the Implicit Association Test. Implicit feature tests had a greater intra-method correlation than the explicit features. Moreover, the inter-scale and intermethod correlation of personality features was significantly low compared to the intra-method correlation factor but only in case of implicit features. The 1–fator model of the implicit features proved to be practically applicable which allowed to support the hypothesis about the general personality factor at the implicit level. The 1–factor model of explicit features proved to be not applicable. The level of extraversion had a better coherence of the explicit and implicit levels. It has been stated that at the first stage of testing the implicit features, individuals had a good control of their emotions which was expressed in better and more socially desired reactions.

Keywords: personality features, implicit social cognition, Big Five, multivariate analysis, openness to experience, Implicit Association Test, extraversion, friendliness, fidelity, neuroticism.

Contact information: Schebetenko Sergey Alexandrovich, 614068, Russia, Perm, ul. Bukireva 15.

References:
Shchebetenko S.A. Ustanovki na cherty lichnosti v kontekste Bol'shoy Pyaterki // Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki (na retsenzii).
Khromov A.B. Pyatifaktornyy oprosnik lichnosti: Uchebno-metodicheskoe poso-bie. Kurgan: Izd-vo Kurganskogo gos. universiteta, 2000. 23 s.
Ozhegov S.I. Tolkovyy slovar' russkogo yazyka: onlayn-versiya. 2007-2010. URL: http://www.ozhegov.org
Osin E.N., Rasskazova E.I., Neyaskina Yu., Dorfman L.Ya., Aleksandrova L A. Operatsionalizatsiya pyatifaktornoy modeli lichnostnykh chert na rossiyskoy vyborke // Psikhol. diagnostika (v pechati).
Knyazev G.G., Mitrofanova L.G., Bocharov V.A. Validizatsiya russkoyazychnoy ver-sii oprosnika L. Goldberga “Markery faktorov «Bol'shoy Pyaterki»” // Psikhol. zhurn. 2010. T. 31. ¹ 5. S. 100-110.
Efremova T.F. Bol'shoy sovremennyy tolkovyy slovar' russkogo yazyka. 2006. URL: http://dic.academic.ru/traditional_contents.php/efremova
Goldberg L.R., Shmelev A.G. Mezhkul'turnoe issledovanie leksiki lichnost-nykh chert: “Bol'shaya pyaterka” faktorov v angliyskom i russkom yazykakh // Psikhol. zhurn. 1993. T. 14. ¹ 4. S. 32–39.
S. 41-45. 3. Burlachuk L.F., Korolev D.K. Adaptatsiya oprosnika dlya diagnostiki pyati fak-torov lichnosti // Voprosy psikhologii. 2000. ¹ 1. S. 126-134.
Bocharov A.V., Knyazev G.G., Slobodskaya E.R., Ryabichenko T.I. Svyaz' mezhdu eks-plitsitnymi i implitsitnymi otsenkami agressivnosti: vliyanie pola, vozrasta i so-tsial'noy zhelatel'nosti // Byulleten' Sibirskogo otdeleniya RAMN. 2007. ¹
Baddli A., Ayzenk M., Anderson M. Pamyat'. – SPb.: Piter, 2011. 560 s.
Shchebetenko S.A., Vaynshteyn S.V. Ob izmerenii chert lichnosti posredstvom vremeni reaktsii (Chast' 1: postanovka problemy) // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. 2010. ¹ 3. S. 82-95.
Shchebetenko S.A., Vaynshteyn S.V. Ob izmerenii chert lichnosti posredstvom vremeni reaktsii (Chast' II: rezul'taty issledovaniya) // Vestnik Permskogo universi-teta: Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya, 2010, 4, S. 52-72.
Allport, G.W., & Odbert, H. S. (1936). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study. Psy-chological Monographs, 47.
Anderson, R.D. (2009). The Implicit Association Test for conscientiousness: An indirect method of measuring personality. Unpublished manuscript for the degree of Master of Arts. URL: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Anderson%20Ryan%20D.pdf?bgsu1237835643
Anderson, T.W. (1957). Maximum likelihood estimates for a multivariate normal distribution when some observations are missing. Journ. of the American Statistical Asso-ciation, 52, 200–203.
Arbuckle, J.L. (2012). Amos 21 Users Guide. Amos Development Corporation.
Asendorpf, J.B., Banse, R., & Mücke, D. (2002). Double dissociation between im-plicit and explicit personality self-concept: The case of shy behavior. Journ. of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 380–393.
Back, M.D., Schmuckle, S.C., & Egloff, B. (2009). Predicting actual behavior from the explicit and implicit self-concept of personality. Journ.of Personality and Social Psy-chology, 2009, 97, 533-548.
Campbell D.T., & Fiske D.W. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multi-trait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 1959, 56, 81–105.
Chang, L., Connelly, B.S., & Geeza, A.A. (2012). Separating method factors and higher order traits of the Big Five: A meta-analytic multitrait-multimethod approach. Journ. of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 408-426.
DeYoung, C.G., Peterson, J.B., & Higgins, D.M. (2002). Higher-order factors of the Big Five predict conformity: Are there neuroses of health? Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 533–552.
Egloff, B., & Schmukle, S.C. (2002). Predictive validity of an Implicit Association Test for assessing anxiety. Journ. of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1441–1455.
Goldberg, L.R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor struc-ture. Psychological Assessment, 4, 26-42.
Goldberg, L.R. (2001). International Personality Items Pool, IPIP. URL: http://ipip.ori.org/
Greenwald, A.G., & Banaji, M.R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102, 4–27.
Greenwald, A.G., McGhee, D.E., & Schwartz, J.L.K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journ. of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464–1480.
Greenwald, A.G., Nosek, B.A., & Banaji, M.R. (2003). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. Journ. of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 197-216.
John, O.P., Donahue, E.M., & Kentle, R.L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory-Ver-sions 4a and 5. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Personality and Social Research.
John, O.P., Naumann, L.P., & Soto, C.J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. In O.P. John, R.W. Robins, & L.A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (P. 114-158). NY: Guilford Press.
Marsh, H.W., Lüdtke, O., Muthén, B., Asparouhov, T., Morin, A.J., Trautwein, U., & Nagengast, B. (2010). A new look at the big five factor structure through exploratory structural equation modeling. Psychological Assessment, 22, 471-491.
Musek, J. (2007). A general factor of personality: Evidence for the Big One in the five-factor model. Journ. of Research in Personality, 41, 1213–1233.
Nosek, B.A., & Smyth, F.L. (2007). A multitrait-multimethod validation of the Im-plicit Association Test: Implicit and explicit attitudes are related but distinct constructs. Ex-perimental Psychology, 54, 14-29.
Rushton, J.P., Bons, T.A., Ando, J., Hur, Y.-M., Irwing, P., Vernon, P.A.,... Bar-baranelli, C. (2009). A general factor of personality from multitrait–multimethod data and cross–national twins. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 12, 356–365.
Rushton, J.P., & Irwing, P. (2008). A general factor of personality (GFP) from two meta-analyses of the Big Five: Digman (1997) and Mount, Barrick, Scullen, and Rounds (2005). Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 679–683.
Schmukle, S.C., Back, M.D., & Egloff, B. (2008). Validity of the five factor model for the implicit self-concept of personality. European Journ. of Psychological Assessment, 24, 263-272.
Steffens, M.C., & Schulze-König, S. (2006). Predicting spontaneous Big Five be-havior with Implicit Association Tests. European Journ. of Psychological Assessment, 22, 13-20.
Tupes, E.C., & Christal, R.E. (1992). Recurrent personality factors based on trait ratings. Journ. of Personality, 60, 225–251.

References (transliteration):
Shchebetenko S.A. Ustanovki na cherty lichnosti v kontekste Bol'shoy Pyaterki // Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki (na retsenzii).
Khromov A.B. Pyatifaktornyy oprosnik lichnosti: Uchebno-metodicheskoe poso-bie. Kurgan: Izd-vo Kurganskogo gos. universiteta, 2000. 23 s.
Ozhegov S.I. Tolkovyy slovar' russkogo yazyka: onlayn-versiya. 2007-2010. URL: http://www.ozhegov.org
Osin E.N., Rasskazova E.I., Neyaskina Yu., Dorfman L.Ya., Aleksandrova L A. Operatsionalizatsiya pyatifaktornoy modeli lichnostnykh chert na rossiyskoy vyborke // Psikhol. diagnostika (v pechati).
Knyazev G.G., Mitrofanova L.G., Bocharov V.A. Validizatsiya russkoyazychnoy ver-sii oprosnika L. Goldberga “Markery faktorov «Bol'shoy Pyaterki»” // Psikhol. zhurn. 2010. T. 31. ¹ 5. S. 100-110.
Efremova T.F. Bol'shoy sovremennyy tolkovyy slovar' russkogo yazyka. 2006. URL: http://dic.academic.ru/traditional_contents.php/efremova
Goldberg L.R., Shmelev A.G. Mezhkul'turnoe issledovanie leksiki lichnost-nykh chert: “Bol'shaya pyaterka” faktorov v angliyskom i russkom yazykakh // Psikhol. zhurn. 1993. T. 14. ¹ 4. S. 32–39.
S. 41-45. 3. Burlachuk L.F., Korolev D.K. Adaptatsiya oprosnika dlya diagnostiki pyati fak-torov lichnosti // Voprosy psikhologii. 2000. ¹ 1. S. 126-134.
Bocharov A.V., Knyazev G.G., Slobodskaya E.R., Ryabichenko T.I. Svyaz' mezhdu eks-plitsitnymi i implitsitnymi otsenkami agressivnosti: vliyanie pola, vozrasta i so-tsial'noy zhelatel'nosti // Byulleten' Sibirskogo otdeleniya RAMN. 2007. ¹
Baddli A., Ayzenk M., Anderson M. Pamyat'. – SPb.: Piter, 2011. 560 s.
Shchebetenko S.A., Vaynshteyn S.V. Ob izmerenii chert lichnosti posredstvom vremeni reaktsii (Chast' 1: postanovka problemy) // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. 2010. ¹ 3. S. 82-95.
Shchebetenko S.A., Vaynshteyn S.V. Ob izmerenii chert lichnosti posredstvom vremeni reaktsii (Chast' II: rezul'taty issledovaniya) // Vestnik Permskogo universi-teta: Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya, 2010, 4, S. 52-72.
Allport, G.W., & Odbert, H. S. (1936). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study. Psy-chological Monographs, 47.
Anderson, R.D. (2009). The Implicit Association Test for conscientiousness: An indirect method of measuring personality. Unpublished manuscript for the degree of Master of Arts. URL: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Anderson%20Ryan%20D.pdf?bgsu1237835643
Anderson, T.W. (1957). Maximum likelihood estimates for a multivariate normal distribution when some observations are missing. Journ. of the American Statistical Asso-ciation, 52, 200–203.
Arbuckle, J.L. (2012). Amos 21 Users Guide. Amos Development Corporation.
Asendorpf, J.B., Banse, R., & Mücke, D. (2002). Double dissociation between im-plicit and explicit personality self-concept: The case of shy behavior. Journ. of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 380–393.
Back, M.D., Schmuckle, S.C., & Egloff, B. (2009). Predicting actual behavior from the explicit and implicit self-concept of personality. Journ.of Personality and Social Psy-chology, 2009, 97, 533-548.
Campbell D.T., & Fiske D.W. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multi-trait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 1959, 56, 81–105.
Chang, L., Connelly, B.S., & Geeza, A.A. (2012). Separating method factors and higher order traits of the Big Five: A meta-analytic multitrait-multimethod approach. Journ. of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 408-426.
DeYoung, C.G., Peterson, J.B., & Higgins, D.M. (2002). Higher-order factors of the Big Five predict conformity: Are there neuroses of health? Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 533–552.
Egloff, B., & Schmukle, S.C. (2002). Predictive validity of an Implicit Association Test for assessing anxiety. Journ. of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1441–1455.
Goldberg, L.R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor struc-ture. Psychological Assessment, 4, 26-42.
Goldberg, L.R. (2001). International Personality Items Pool, IPIP. URL: http://ipip.ori.org/
Greenwald, A.G., & Banaji, M.R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102, 4–27.
Greenwald, A.G., McGhee, D.E., & Schwartz, J.L.K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journ. of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464–1480.
Greenwald, A.G., Nosek, B.A., & Banaji, M.R. (2003). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. Journ. of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 197-216.
John, O.P., Donahue, E.M., & Kentle, R.L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory-Ver-sions 4a and 5. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Personality and Social Research.
John, O.P., Naumann, L.P., & Soto, C.J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. In O.P. John, R.W. Robins, & L.A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (P. 114-158). NY: Guilford Press.
Marsh, H.W., Lüdtke, O., Muthén, B., Asparouhov, T., Morin, A.J., Trautwein, U., & Nagengast, B. (2010). A new look at the big five factor structure through exploratory structural equation modeling. Psychological Assessment, 22, 471-491.
Musek, J. (2007). A general factor of personality: Evidence for the Big One in the five-factor model. Journ. of Research in Personality, 41, 1213–1233.
Nosek, B.A., & Smyth, F.L. (2007). A multitrait-multimethod validation of the Im-plicit Association Test: Implicit and explicit attitudes are related but distinct constructs. Ex-perimental Psychology, 54, 14-29.
Rushton, J.P., Bons, T.A., Ando, J., Hur, Y.-M., Irwing, P., Vernon, P.A.,... Bar-baranelli, C. (2009). A general factor of personality from multitrait–multimethod data and cross–national twins. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 12, 356–365.
Rushton, J.P., & Irwing, P. (2008). A general factor of personality (GFP) from two meta-analyses of the Big Five: Digman (1997) and Mount, Barrick, Scullen, and Rounds (2005). Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 679–683.
Schmukle, S.C., Back, M.D., & Egloff, B. (2008). Validity of the five factor model for the implicit self-concept of personality. European Journ. of Psychological Assessment, 24, 263-272.
Steffens, M.C., & Schulze-König, S. (2006). Predicting spontaneous Big Five be-havior with Implicit Association Tests. European Journ. of Psychological Assessment, 22, 13-20.
Tupes, E.C., & Christal, R.E. (1992). Recurrent personality factors based on trait ratings. Journ. of Personality, 60, 225–251.

Abstract: The author of the article offers a theoretical analysis of mechanisms of academic activity performed by primary school students. The author analyzes different approaches to the terms “activity” and “active attitude”, defines an important role of the leading activity in the process of formation of integrated individuality and its place in the process of personality development of a primary school student. The role of activity in formation of integrated individuality is presented as a measure of interaction between a subject and a surrounding world as well as a form of self-expression and independent existence of personality due to which a person can become an integrated, independent and developing subject. The author of the article also describes the structure of activity in academic activity that includes: activity potential, regulatory element expressing the relation between deliberate self-regulation (based on one’s will) and indeliberate (based on one’s emotions) self-regulation, dynamic element (pace, intensity and energy) and results of one’s activity. The author also describes the leading styles of mental activities at primary school including meta-target oriented, target oriented and intellectual (disadaptive) styles. The author defines the system-forming, harmonizing and compensating functions of the academic activity style in the process of formation of integrated personality. The author also describes the important influence of the teaching environment on mental activity at primary school age.

Keywords: activity, active attitude, mental activity, integral individuality, style of activity, structure of activity, factors of activity, subjective activity, potential activity, active learning.

Contact information: Shurygina Irina Alexandrovna, 129085, Russia, Moscow, ul. Godovikova 9, str. 25.

References:
Vyatkin, B.A.Stili aktivnosti kak faktor razvitiya integral'noy individual'nosti / B.A. Vyatkin // Integral'noe issledovanie individu­al'nosti: stil' deyatel'nosti i obshcheniya.-Perm': Izd-vo Perm. gos. ped. un-ta, 1992.-S. 36-55.
Tsukerman, G.A. Vidy obshcheniya v obuchenii.-Tomsk, 1993.
Volochkov, A.A. Uchebnaya aktivnost' v integral'nom issledovanii individual'nosti: avtoref. dis. ... d-ra psikhol. nauk : 19.00.01 / Vo­lochkov A.A.-Perm', 2002.-46 s. 25.
Luskanova, N.G. Metody issledovaniya detey s trudnostyami obu¬cheniya / N.G. Luskanova.-M. : Folium, 1993.-45 s.
Volochkov, A.A. Uchebnaya aktivnost' v integral'nom issledovanii individual'nosti: avtoref. dis. ... d-ra psikhol. nauk : 19.00.01 / Vo-lochkov A.A.-Perm', 2002.-46 s.
Vyatkin, B.A. Stili aktivnosti kak faktor razvitiya integral'noy individual'nosti / B.A. Vyatkin // Integral'noe issledovanie individu­al'nosti: stil' deyatel'nosti i obshcheniya.-Perm': Izd-vo Perm. gos. ped. un-ta, 1992.-S. 36-55.
Maslow, A. Motivation and personality I A. Maslow.-3rd ed.-New York : Viking Press, 1987.-41 p.
Lewin, K. A dynamic theory of personality: Selected papers / K. Lewin.-New York : McGraw-Hill, 1999. 14.
Deci, E.L. The Psychology of Self-Determination. Lexington Books, D.C. Health and Company Lexington I E.L. Deci.-Massachusets ; Toronto, 1980.-242 p.
Heckhausen, H. Motivationsanalyse der Anspruchsniveau. Setzung I H. Heckhausen II Pschologiche Forschung. Heckhausen II Pschologiche Forschung. Kuhl, J. A theory of volitional inhibition and an empirical test: individual differences in the topography of ERP patterns for action versus state oriented processing of emotional words I J. Kuhl, S. Schapkin, A. Gusev II Forschungs-berichte aus der Universitat Osnabruck.-1994.-¹ 99.-P. 49-54.
Dorfman, L.Ya. Emotsional'nye predpochteniya kak faktor prisposob¬leniya individual'nosti studenta k trebovaniyam uchebnoy deyatel'nosti / L.Ya. Dorfman // Integral'noe issledovanie individual'nosti: teoreti¬cheskie i pedagogicheskie aspekty.-Perm', 1988. — S. 70-79.
Lompscher, J. Das Tatigkeitskonzept in der Psychologic I J. Lompscher II Padagogische Forschung.-1982.-¹ 4.
Dzhidar'yan, I.A. Kategoriya aktivnosti i ee mesto v sisteme psikho­logicheskogo znaniya / I.A. Dzhidar'yan // Kategorii materialisticheskoy dialektiki v psikhologii.-M.: Nauka, 1988.-S. 56-88. Rubinshteyn, S.L. Problema sposobnostey i voprosy psikhologicheskoy teorii / S.L. Rubinshteyn // Vopr. psikhologii.-1960.-¹ 3.
Zhdan, A.I. Psikhologicheskaya teoriya deyatel'nosti A.N. Leont'eva i gumanizatsiya obrazovaniya / A.N. Zhdan // Traditsii i perspektivy deyatel'nostnogo podkhoda v psikhologii: shkola A.N. Leont'eva / pod red. A.E. Voyskunskogo, A.N. Zhdan, O.K. Tikhomirova.-M.: Smysl, 1999.-S. 306-320.
Brushlinskiy, A.V. Sub'ekt deyatel'nosti i obratnaya svyaz'.// Sistemnye aspekty psikhicheskoy deyatel'nosti. M.: Nauka, 1999.
Vyatkin, B.A. Stili aktivnosti kak faktor razvitiya integral'noy individual'nosti / B.A. Vyatkin // Integral'noe issledovanie individu-al'nosti: stil' deyatel'nosti i obshcheniya.-Perm': Izd-vo Perm. gos. ped. un-ta, 1992.-S. 36-55.

References (transliteration):
Vyatkin, B.A.Stili aktivnosti kak faktor razvitiya integral'noy individual'nosti / B.A. Vyatkin // Integral'noe issledovanie individu­al'nosti: stil' deyatel'nosti i obshcheniya.-Perm': Izd-vo Perm. gos. ped. un-ta, 1992.-S. 36-55.
Tsukerman, G.A. Vidy obshcheniya v obuchenii.-Tomsk, 1993.
Volochkov, A.A. Uchebnaya aktivnost' v integral'nom issledovanii individual'nosti: avtoref. dis. ... d-ra psikhol. nauk : 19.00.01 / Vo­lochkov A.A.-Perm', 2002.-46 s. 25.
Luskanova, N.G. Metody issledovaniya detey s trudnostyami obu¬cheniya / N.G. Luskanova.-M. : Folium, 1993.-45 s.
Volochkov, A.A. Uchebnaya aktivnost' v integral'nom issledovanii individual'nosti: avtoref. dis. ... d-ra psikhol. nauk : 19.00.01 / Vo-lochkov A.A.-Perm', 2002.-46 s.
Vyatkin, B.A. Stili aktivnosti kak faktor razvitiya integral'noy individual'nosti / B.A. Vyatkin // Integral'noe issledovanie individu­al'nosti: stil' deyatel'nosti i obshcheniya.-Perm': Izd-vo Perm. gos. ped. un-ta, 1992.-S. 36-55.
Maslow, A. Motivation and personality I A. Maslow.-3rd ed.-New York : Viking Press, 1987.-41 p.
Lewin, K. A dynamic theory of personality: Selected papers / K. Lewin.-New York : McGraw-Hill, 1999. 14.
Deci, E.L. The Psychology of Self-Determination. Lexington Books, D.C. Health and Company Lexington I E.L. Deci.-Massachusets ; Toronto, 1980.-242 p.
Heckhausen, H. Motivationsanalyse der Anspruchsniveau. Setzung I H. Heckhausen II Pschologiche Forschung. Heckhausen II Pschologiche Forschung. Kuhl, J. A theory of volitional inhibition and an empirical test: individual differences in the topography of ERP patterns for action versus state oriented processing of emotional words I J. Kuhl, S. Schapkin, A. Gusev II Forschungs-berichte aus der Universitat Osnabruck.-1994.-¹ 99.-P. 49-54.
Dorfman, L.Ya. Emotsional'nye predpochteniya kak faktor prisposob¬leniya individual'nosti studenta k trebovaniyam uchebnoy deyatel'nosti / L.Ya. Dorfman // Integral'noe issledovanie individual'nosti: teoreti¬cheskie i pedagogicheskie aspekty.-Perm', 1988. — S. 70-79.
Lompscher, J. Das Tatigkeitskonzept in der Psychologic I J. Lompscher II Padagogische Forschung.-1982.-¹ 4.
Dzhidar'yan, I.A. Kategoriya aktivnosti i ee mesto v sisteme psikho­logicheskogo znaniya / I.A. Dzhidar'yan // Kategorii materialisticheskoy dialektiki v psikhologii.-M.: Nauka, 1988.-S. 56-88. Rubinshteyn, S.L. Problema sposobnostey i voprosy psikhologicheskoy teorii / S.L. Rubinshteyn // Vopr. psikhologii.-1960.-¹ 3.
Zhdan, A.I. Psikhologicheskaya teoriya deyatel'nosti A.N. Leont'eva i gumanizatsiya obrazovaniya / A.N. Zhdan // Traditsii i perspektivy deyatel'nostnogo podkhoda v psikhologii: shkola A.N. Leont'eva / pod red. A.E. Voyskunskogo, A.N. Zhdan, O.K. Tikhomirova.-M.: Smysl, 1999.-S. 306-320.
Brushlinskiy, A.V. Sub'ekt deyatel'nosti i obratnaya svyaz'.// Sistemnye aspekty psikhicheskoy deyatel'nosti. M.: Nauka, 1999.
Vyatkin, B.A. Stili aktivnosti kak faktor razvitiya integral'noy individual'nosti / B.A. Vyatkin // Integral'noe issledovanie individu-al'nosti: stil' deyatel'nosti i obshcheniya.-Perm': Izd-vo Perm. gos. ped. un-ta, 1992.-S. 36-55.

Abstract: The article focuses on the sense of the alienation and manifestations of the social maladjustment among young people in Poland. The scientific literature describes many sociological and psychological theories and concepts of alienation. One of the possible explanations of the severity of maladaptive behaviour among young people is the theory proposed by M. Seeman. He defines the alienation as a phenomenon occurring in the five dimensions: powerlessness, meaninglessness normlessness, isolation, self-estrangement. The aim of the research is to examine the sense of the alienation and manifestations of the social maladjustment among pupils of the technical and vocational schools. The research was carried out in Cracow among 205 male pupils. The summary contains suggestions for the future research in this area.

Keywords: Melvin Seeman, alienation, anomie, powerlessness, meaninglessness, isolation, self-estrangement, the social maladjustment, pupils of the technical school, pupils of the vocational school.

Contact information: Chervinskaya-Yakimyuk Eva Friderikova, 30-084, Poland, Crakow, 2 Podchorążych street, office 243.

References:
1. Chervinskaya-Yakimyuk, E.F. (2013). Obshchaya teoriya napryazheniya Roberta Agnyu i ee interpretatsionnye
vozmozhnosti po otnosheniyu k prestupnosti sredi molodezhi // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. ¹ 5.
2. Błachut, J., Gaberle, A., Krajewski, K. (1999). Kryminologia. Gdańsk: Wydaw. Info Trade.
3. Calabrese, R. Adams, J. (1990). Alienation: A Cause of Juvenile Delinquency. Adolescence. Vol. 25.
4. Czerwińska, E. (2004). Przestępczość młodzieży. Weryfikacja głównych tez ogólnej teorii napięcia Roberta Agnew.
Praca doktorska. Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków, 2004.
5. Czerwińska, E. (2005). Poczucie alienacji u młodocianych przestępców. w: R. Borkowski (red.). Moralność i niemoralność
(Szkice humanistyczne). Kraków: Wydaw. Naukowo-Dydaktyczne AGH.
6. Czerwińska, E. (2009). Poczucie alienacji a jego osobowościowe i sytuacyjne korelaty u młodocianych przestępców, W:
B. Gulla, M. Wysocka-Pleczyk (red.) Przestępczość nieletnich, Wydaw. Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków.
7. Czerwińska-Jakimiuk, E. (2011). Senses of strain and alienation in a group of young adult offenders: research findings.
Problems of Forensic Sciences / Z Zagadnień Nauk Sądowych, Vol. 87 (LXXXVII).
8. Czerwińska-Jakimiuk, E. (2011a). Przestępczość młodocianych. Interpretacja zjawiska w świetle teorii napięcia Roberta
Agnew, Wydaw. Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego, Kraków.
9. Czerwińska-Jakimiuk, E. (2012). Poczucie alienacji u młodzieży a jego osobowościowe i społeczne korelaty. Dewiacje
i Kontrola Społeczna. T. 13.
10. Jakubik, A. (1999). Zaburzenia osobowości. Warszawa: Wydaw. Lekarskie PZWL.
11. Jaworska, T. (2001). Poczucie alienacji u maturzystów. W: T. Sołtysiak, M. Karwowska (red.). Polska młodzież — zaburzenia,
zagrożenia w aktualnej rzeczywistości społecznej. Bydgoszcz: Wydaw. WSP.
12. Kmiecik-Baran, K. (1993). Poczucie alienacji. treść i charakterystyka psychometryczna. Przegląd Psychologiczny. T. 36, nr 4.
13. Kmiecik-Baran, K. (1999). Młodzież i przemoc. Mechanizmy socjologiczno–psychologiczne. Warszawa: PWN.
14. Kmiecik-Baran, K. (1995). Poczucie alieancji. Destruktywne i konstruktywne sposoby minimalizacji. Gdańsk: Wydaw.
Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego.
15. Kmiecik-Baran, K. (1995a). HIV/AIDS: alienacja oraz wsparcie i odrzucenie społeczne. Gdańsk: Wydaw. Uniwersytetu
Gdańskiego.
16. Kmiecik-Baran, K. (1998). Przynależność do grup nieformalnych wśród młodzieży a poczucie alienacji W: S. Kawula,
H. Machel (red.). Podkultury młodzieżowe w środowisku szkolnym i pozaszkolnym. Toruń: Wydaw. A. Marszałek.
17. Korzeniowski, K. (1986). Ku pojęciu poczucia alienacji. Przegląd Psychologiczny, nr 2.
18. Korzeniowski, K. (1990). O dwóch psychologicznych podejściach do problematyki alienacji. Próba syntezy. Przegląd
Psychologiczny, nr 1.
19. Korzeniowski, K. (1991). O psychologicznych przesłankach poczucia podmiotowości — alienacji politycznej. Przegląd
Psychologiczny, nr 2.
20. Kossowska, A., Krawczyk, J., Rzeplińska, I. (1995). Zachowania dewiacyjne młodzieży w Warszawie w 1993 r. (badania
typu self-report). Archiwum Kryminologii. T. XX.
21. Kossowska, A. (2007). Przestępczość i zachowania dewiacyjne współczesnej młodzieży polskiej. (badania typu selfreport).
Archiwum Kryminologii. T. XXVIII.
22. Ortenburger, D., Woźniak-Krakowian, E., Stawiarska-Lietzau, M., Czerwińska, E. (2001). Poczucie alienacji a jego
wybrane korelaty u młodzieży. W: R. Derbis (red.). Psychologia IX. Prace Naukowe WSP w Częstochowie. Częstochowa:
Wydaw. WSP.
23. Piotrowski, P. (1998). Zachowania dewiacyjne kibiców sportowych. Propozycja modelu wyjaśniającego. W: B. Urban
(red.). Problemy współczesnej patologii społecznej. Kraków: Wydaw. Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
24. Rzeplińska, I. (2007). Obraz przestępczości nieletnich w Polsce w badaniach kryminologicznych — przed i po transformacji.
Archiwum Kryminologii, T. XXVIII 2005-2006.
25. Seeman, M. (1959). On the meaning of alienation. American Sociological Review. T. 24.
26. Siemaszko, A. (1983). Rozmiary i uwarunkowania zachowań dewiacyjnych uczniów szkół ponadpodstawowych z terenu
Warszawy 1979-1980. Studia Kryminologiczne, Kryminalistyczne i Penitencjarne. T. 14.
27. Siemaszko, A. (1988). Metodologiczne problemy badań typu self–report. Archiwum Kryminologii. T. XV.
28. Stańdo-Kawecka, B. (2001). Rozmiary i struktura dewiacyjnych zachowań młodzieży. W: A. Gaberle (red.). Przestępczość
i zachowania dewiacyjne dzieci i młodzieży w Krakowie. Kraków: Kantor Wydawniczy Zakamycze.
29. Urban, B. (2005). Zachowania dewiacyjne wśród młodzieży w interakcjach rówieśniczych. Kraków: Wydaw. UJ.

References (transliteration):
1. Chervinskaya-Yakimyuk, E.F. (2013). Obshchaya teoriya napryazheniya Roberta Agnyu i ee interpretatsionnye
vozmozhnosti po otnosheniyu k prestupnosti sredi molodezhi // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. ¹ 5.
2. Błachut, J., Gaberle, A., Krajewski, K. (1999). Kryminologia. Gdańsk: Wydaw. Info Trade.
3. Calabrese, R. Adams, J. (1990). Alienation: A Cause of Juvenile Delinquency. Adolescence. Vol. 25.
4. Czerwińska, E. (2004). Przestępczość młodzieży. Weryfikacja głównych tez ogólnej teorii napięcia Roberta Agnew.
Praca doktorska. Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków, 2004.
5. Czerwińska, E. (2005). Poczucie alienacji u młodocianych przestępców. w: R. Borkowski (red.). Moralność i niemoralność
(Szkice humanistyczne). Kraków: Wydaw. Naukowo-Dydaktyczne AGH.
6. Czerwińska, E. (2009). Poczucie alienacji a jego osobowościowe i sytuacyjne korelaty u młodocianych przestępców, W:
B. Gulla, M. Wysocka-Pleczyk (red.) Przestępczość nieletnich, Wydaw. Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków.
7. Czerwińska-Jakimiuk, E. (2011). Senses of strain and alienation in a group of young adult offenders: research findings.
Problems of Forensic Sciences / Z Zagadnień Nauk Sądowych, Vol. 87 (LXXXVII).
8. Czerwińska-Jakimiuk, E. (2011a). Przestępczość młodocianych. Interpretacja zjawiska w świetle teorii napięcia Roberta
Agnew, Wydaw. Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego, Kraków.
9. Czerwińska-Jakimiuk, E. (2012). Poczucie alienacji u młodzieży a jego osobowościowe i społeczne korelaty. Dewiacje
i Kontrola Społeczna. T. 13.
10. Jakubik, A. (1999). Zaburzenia osobowości. Warszawa: Wydaw. Lekarskie PZWL.
11. Jaworska, T. (2001). Poczucie alienacji u maturzystów. W: T. Sołtysiak, M. Karwowska (red.). Polska młodzież — zaburzenia,
zagrożenia w aktualnej rzeczywistości społecznej. Bydgoszcz: Wydaw. WSP.
12. Kmiecik-Baran, K. (1993). Poczucie alienacji. treść i charakterystyka psychometryczna. Przegląd Psychologiczny. T. 36, nr 4.
13. Kmiecik-Baran, K. (1999). Młodzież i przemoc. Mechanizmy socjologiczno–psychologiczne. Warszawa: PWN.
14. Kmiecik-Baran, K. (1995). Poczucie alieancji. Destruktywne i konstruktywne sposoby minimalizacji. Gdańsk: Wydaw.
Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego.
15. Kmiecik-Baran, K. (1995a). HIV/AIDS: alienacja oraz wsparcie i odrzucenie społeczne. Gdańsk: Wydaw. Uniwersytetu
Gdańskiego.
16. Kmiecik-Baran, K. (1998). Przynależność do grup nieformalnych wśród młodzieży a poczucie alienacji W: S. Kawula,
H. Machel (red.). Podkultury młodzieżowe w środowisku szkolnym i pozaszkolnym. Toruń: Wydaw. A. Marszałek.
17. Korzeniowski, K. (1986). Ku pojęciu poczucia alienacji. Przegląd Psychologiczny, nr 2.
18. Korzeniowski, K. (1990). O dwóch psychologicznych podejściach do problematyki alienacji. Próba syntezy. Przegląd
Psychologiczny, nr 1.
19. Korzeniowski, K. (1991). O psychologicznych przesłankach poczucia podmiotowości — alienacji politycznej. Przegląd
Psychologiczny, nr 2.
20. Kossowska, A., Krawczyk, J., Rzeplińska, I. (1995). Zachowania dewiacyjne młodzieży w Warszawie w 1993 r. (badania
typu self-report). Archiwum Kryminologii. T. XX.
21. Kossowska, A. (2007). Przestępczość i zachowania dewiacyjne współczesnej młodzieży polskiej. (badania typu selfreport).
Archiwum Kryminologii. T. XXVIII.
22. Ortenburger, D., Woźniak-Krakowian, E., Stawiarska-Lietzau, M., Czerwińska, E. (2001). Poczucie alienacji a jego
wybrane korelaty u młodzieży. W: R. Derbis (red.). Psychologia IX. Prace Naukowe WSP w Częstochowie. Częstochowa:
Wydaw. WSP.
23. Piotrowski, P. (1998). Zachowania dewiacyjne kibiców sportowych. Propozycja modelu wyjaśniającego. W: B. Urban
(red.). Problemy współczesnej patologii społecznej. Kraków: Wydaw. Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
24. Rzeplińska, I. (2007). Obraz przestępczości nieletnich w Polsce w badaniach kryminologicznych — przed i po transformacji.
Archiwum Kryminologii, T. XXVIII 2005-2006.
25. Seeman, M. (1959). On the meaning of alienation. American Sociological Review. T. 24.
26. Siemaszko, A. (1983). Rozmiary i uwarunkowania zachowań dewiacyjnych uczniów szkół ponadpodstawowych z terenu
Warszawy 1979-1980. Studia Kryminologiczne, Kryminalistyczne i Penitencjarne. T. 14.
27. Siemaszko, A. (1988). Metodologiczne problemy badań typu self–report. Archiwum Kryminologii. T. XV.
28. Stańdo-Kawecka, B. (2001). Rozmiary i struktura dewiacyjnych zachowań młodzieży. W: A. Gaberle (red.). Przestępczość
i zachowania dewiacyjne dzieci i młodzieży w Krakowie. Kraków: Kantor Wydawniczy Zakamycze.
29. Urban, B. (2005). Zachowania dewiacyjne wśród młodzieży w interakcjach rówieśniczych. Kraków: Wydaw. UJ.