Abstract: The aim of the research is to carry out a psychoanalytical analysis of the phenomenon of supressed femininity of the main heroine of Friedrich Schiller's poem 'The Main of Orleans'. The object of the research is the phenomenology, structure and development of femininity. The subject of the research is the peculiarities and specifics of supressed femininity of the main heroine in Friedrich Schiller's poem 'The Maid of Orleans'. The authors of the article carry out a psychoanalytical research of supressed femininity based on the analysis of Friedrich Schiller's poem 'The Maid of Orleans'. The research methodology includes: 1) classical theory of psychosexual development offered by Zigmund Freud; 2) psychoanalytical theories of female development (Melanie Klein, Deutsch, Dolto, Bonoparte, Chodorow, R. Tyson and F. Tyson) that present the psychoanalytical approach to explaining the structure and peculiarities of intrapsychic phenomena of women and the role of objective relations in this process; 3) psychoanalytical researches of female psychology (Horney, Abraham, Rado, etc.) that were used in the process of the analysis and interpretation of the phenomena; 4) psychoanalytical and analytical approaches to analyzing literary works by A. Tkhostov, N. Einish, etc. to define characteristics and peculiarities through applied psychoanalytical analysis. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author provide an integral analysis and systematization of psychoanalytical theories and concepts of female development and demonstrate opportunities for practical application of psychoanalytical theories to analysing literary works. The researchers also define criteria (phenomena) of supressed feminity such as the masculinity complex, difficulties with sex, distorted body image, negative Oedipus complex, and pathogenic object relations. 

Keywords: object relations, women’s identity, suppressed femininity, masculinity complex, primary femininity, body image, psychosexual development, Oedipus complex, castration complex, femininity

References:
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Abstract: The paper presents an overview of some psychoanalytic ideas about envy of male to female (reproductive capabilities of women), and men's fantasies about pregnancy. Freud noted a specific manifestation of envy (felt by women), so-called penis envy in the context of its fallocentrical theory. Analysis of the penis envy and the feminine castration complex is essential for psychoanalytic therapy of women. Unfortunately, there are not so many works devoted to the theme of envy of men towards females and their reproductive functions, as well as the role this feeling plays in the development of men’s character and of psychopathology. This is despite the fact that the disappointment of a boy in this respect is as deep as the penis envy of a girl. Envy to pregnancy and childbirth, fantasies about pregnancy is a significant contribution to the understanding of identification of a man with a female figure and formation of male gender identity. Psychoanalytic experience has shown that there is a pre-Oedipus period of envy. The boy wants to be the Almighty as a mother and to have the ability to have children. This is an expression of the hermaphrodite desire and bisexuality of man. The stage of anal eroticism allows the boy to fantasize about pregnancy without manifestating feminine tendencies. Identification with the mother contributes to the fact that the boy bypasses castration feelings and maintains a relationship with the mother (i.e. to prevent separation). Through fantasies about pregnancy the boy expresses a desire to become a child; fantasy appears in a situation when it is necessary to show manhood. Identification with the mother allows the boy (man) become a favorite for his father. Men’s fantasies about pregnancy support the identification with a female figure and possible source of them (fantasies) is the envy of the mother. Provoking external circumstances (wife's pregnancy or pregnancy of a female psychologist) lead to the loss of mental balance and men’s regression. Emerging new mental balance depends on the structure of his Ego, initial conflict and personality structure. Pregnancy is one of the key periods of development for both men and women.  It should be also noted that there is a shortage of the clinical psychoanalytic material (psychotherapy practice, in particular) devoted to the psychoanalysis of pregnancy available for Russian readers.

Keywords: regression, masculinity, childbirth, femininity, fantasy, fear of castration, pregnancy, envy, child's desire, identification

References:
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