Abstract: In the context of studying work organization of the leading teams of Russian psychologists, the article provides characteristics of the research groups that worked under the direction of V. M. Bekhterev in the field of psychology. For outlining the institutional framework, composition and results of the activity of such groups, the author carries out the biographical analysis along with the analysis of the products of scientific activity of the scholar and members of his team. It is demonstrated that the psychological direction of the scientific school of V. M. Bekhterev was formed out of the groups led by him at the premises of Kazan State University, Saint Petersburg Military Medical Academy, Neuropsychiatric Institute, and Institute for Brain Research. The novelty of the implemented approach consists in reconstruction of the establishment of reflexology as an independent psychological direction of scientific activity of V. M. Bekhterev from the perspective of socio-psychological theory of the collective. The individual “branches” of research of the team members were a distinct feature of the organization of collective work, which ensured the fulfillment of creative potential of each scholar and contribution to the development of the collective subject of research. The author also notes the united role of the leader. Throughout 40 years, V. M. Bekhterev united dozens of talented researchers. A crucial characteristic of the psychological “scientific school-research group” represented by a number of research teams was the experimental, practical and socially oriented research program for human study. The author indicates the priority of the scientific school of V. M. Bekhterev in the development and implementation of the objective and comprehensive approach towards studying the psychological phenomena. Based on the described peculiarities of organizing scientific activity, the established research base and of psychological personnel determined the formation of the Leningrad School of Soviet Psychology not only in the works of V. N. Myasishchev, N. M. Shchelovanov, A. V. Yarmolenko, M. Y. Basov, B. G. Ananyev, but also many other Russian psychologists.

Keywords: Bekhterev Vladimir Mikhaylovich, organization of science, Russian psychology, Soviet psychology, history of psychology, school of thought, scientific collective, reflexology, scientific leadership, history of Russian psychology

References:
Amirov N. Kh. Zhizn' i nauchnaya deyatel'nost' V.M. Bekhtereva v Kazani (K 150-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya) / N. Kh. Amirov, A. S. Sozinov, M. F. Ismagilov, D. M. Mendelevich // Kazanskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. – 2007. – T. 88, ¹ 5. – S. 515-517.
Yakovlev G. M., Shostak V. I. Voenno-meditsinskaya akademiya kak odin iz etapov tvorcheskoy biografii V. M. Bekhtereva / G. M. Yakovlev, V. I. Shostak // Bekhterev V. M. Psikhika i zhizn' (izbrannye trudy po psikhologii lichnosti). – SPb.: Aleteyya, 1999. – T. 2. – S. 274-281.
Yakupov E. Z. Kazanskiy period deyatel'nosti V. M. Bekhtereva / E. Z. Yakupov, M. F. Ismagilov, R. A. Gadieva, K. Yagunova, A. Yu. Kazantsev // Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii. – 2018. – ¹ 6. – S. 77-81.
Yaroshevskiy M. G. Logika razvitiya nauki i nauchnaya shkola // Shkoly v nauke / pod red. S. R. Mikulinskogo, M. G. Yaroshevskogo, G. Krebera, G. Shteynera. – M.: Nauka, 1977. – S. 7-97.
Shigashov D. Yu. Rol' Samuila Semenovicha Mnukhina v stanovlenii Leningradskoy shkoly detskoy psikhiatrii / D. Yu. Shigashov, Yu. A. Fesenko // Shkola V. M. B

Abstract: This article examines the social representations of fidelity among couples with different marital experience. There are different research dedicated to social representations of couples with different marital experience about trust, infidelity, love, mutual understanding; however, the analysis of psychological-pedagogical literature demonstrates that there were no research dedicated to fidelity in the relationships between spouses. Therefore, the selected topic is unique. The subject of this article is the social representations of fidelity among couples with different marital experience. The hypothesis lies in the fact that there are substantial differences in social representations of fidelity among couples with different marital experience. Young couples believe that fidelity is the indicator of passion, comfort, ease in communication between the spouses, as well as confidence in making the right choice. Mature couples believe that fidelity is the indicator of mutual understanding and trust, as well as lack of passion. The survey involved 21 married couples with 20 to 30 years of marital experience, and 21 couples with less than a year to 3 years of marital experience. It is worth noting that all the respondents were married officially. For verification of the advanced hypothesis, the article employs the following methods: marriage satisfaction questionnaire (V. V. Stolin, T. L. Romanova, G. P. Butenko), “Communication within Family” (Y. E. Aleshina, L. Y. Gozman, E. M. Dubovskaya), Semantic Differential, “Attidude assessment in married couple” (Y. E. Aleshina).

Keywords: marriage, spouses, love, infidelity, relationships, trust, fidelity, representations, psychology, research

References:
Smirnova N.V. Modeli vzaimodeystviya suprugov i ikh udovletvorennost' brakom: dis. … kand. psikhol. nauk. SPb., 2005. 204 s.
Savinkov S.N., Kozyreva V.V. Issledovanie predstavleniy ob otvetstvennom ottsovstve u molodykh lyudey, ne imeyushchikh sobstvennykh detey // Vestnik universiteta. 2019. ¹ 11. S. 193-199.
Mitina M.A. Predstavleniya o semeynykh tsennostyakh u suprugov s razlichnym stazhem semeynoy zhizni // Chelovecheskiy kapital. 2016. ¹ 3(87). S. 29-31.
Il'in E.P. Psikhologiya lyubvi. SPb.: Piter, 2014. 336 s.
Golod S.I. Stabil'nost' sem'i: sotsiologicheskiy i demograficheskiy aspekty. L., 1984. 136 s.
Balandina L.L. Udovletvorennost' brakom v sisteme roditel'sko-detskikh i supruzheskikh otnosheniy // Vestnik Permskogo gosudarstvennogo gumanitarno-pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Seriya. Psikhologicheskie i pedagogicheskie nauki. 2014. ¹ 1. S. 125-136.
Aleshina Yu.E. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie metody issledovaniya supruzheskikh otnosheniy. M.: RAN, 2011. 311 s.
Mcgrew K.B. Daughters' decision-making about the nature and level o

Abstract: Despite the fact that L. S. Vygotsky is a prominent figure in the history of Russian psychology due to the unique contribution to the development of scientific thought and organization of work of the new scientific center, the research group under his authority becomes the subject of a separate research for the first time. This article discusses the results of biographical analysis based on the historical-psychological sources, published testimonies of his contemporaries, such as memoirs, conversations and interviews, scientific autobiographies, transcripts of speeches, biographical articles, and published archival materials. The novelty of the implemented by the author research approach consists in reference to the research activity of L. S. Vygotsky and his scientific school from the perspective of theory of the collective. It is determined that due to the work in different institutions and different goals of research activity, the group of scholars under the authority of L. S. Vygotsky cannot be defined as a collective. The leader of Soviet psychology and defectology was a head of several interrelated research groups: since 1924 at the premises of the Institute of Experimental Psychology, since 1929 – the Experimental Institute of Defectology and the Academy of Communist Education named after N. K. Krupskaya, since 1932 – the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine. In order to manage the effective research work of the groups, L. S. Vygotsky applied his creative, pedagogical and organizational skills. The scholar implemented a democratic management approach based on the uniformity of administration, cognition, and communication. L. S. Vygotsky’s scientific school was united by a progressive experimental and practice-oriented research program, sensitive to the public needs in building the theory and system of psychological assistance in the USSR.

Keywords: organization of science, Lev Vygotsky, Russian psychology, Soviet psychology, social psychology of science, history of psychology, school of thought, scientific collective, personality of scientific leader, abilities of scientific leader

References:
Zinchenko V. P. Psikhologiya deystviya. Vklad Khar'kovskoy psikhologicheskoy shkoly // Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya. 2013. ¹ 1. S. 92–107.
Leont'ev A. A. L. S. Vygotskiy. Kn. dlya uchashchikhsya 9-11 kl. sred. shk. M.: Prosveshchenie, 1990. 158 s.
Zeygarnik B. V. Patopsikhologiya. Izd. 2-e, pererab. i dop. M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1986. 287 s.
Beyn E. S., Vlasova T. A., Levina R. E., Morozova N. G., Shif Zh. I. Posleslovie // Vygotskiy L.S. Sobr. soch.: v 6 t. M.: Pedagogika, 1983. T. 5. S. 333–342.
L. S. Vygotskiy: Nachalo puti. Vospominaniya S.F. Dobkina o L've Vygotskom. Rannie stat'i L. S. Vygotskogo / Sost. i red. I. M. Feygenberg. Ierusalim: Ierusalimskiy izd. tsentr, 1996. 106 s.
Luriya A. R. Etapy proydennogo puti. Nauchnaya avtobiografiya. Pod red. E. D. Khomskoy. M.: Izd-vo Mosk. un-ta, 1982. 184 s.
Vygodskaya G. L., Lifanova T. M. Lev Semenovich Vygotskiy. Zhizn'. Deyatel'nost'. Shtrikhi k portretu. M.: Smysl, 1996. 424 s.
Toulmin S. The Mozart of psychology // The New York Review of Books, 2

Abstract: The goal of this research consists in studying the degree of workers’ contribution to the activity of small production groups depending on their inclusion or non-inclusion into the informal subgroups. The sampling involved 302 employees (55% women and 45% men, aged from 18 to 67) from 35 primary corporate units with different content of activity. Two categories of employees were determined –members included into the subgroups (N=163) and non-included (N=139). For collection of empirical data were used the subscale of contribution to group activity from the leadership survey, contribution and style of interpersonal communication, and formalized algorithm for identification of informal group and their composition win the small group. These methods are included to the computer program “Group Profile – Universal”. The role of gender, age and inclusion/non-inclusion into informal subgroups of the employees, as well as their contribution to group activity were examined for the first time. It is established that gender is not an antecedent of the employees’ contribution to group activity; the age, in turn, is a predictor of their contribution to group activity. It is also noted that the members of informal subgroups make greater contribution to the group than the “independent” members. The results of this research may be used for the purpose of forecasting the contribution of employees to the group as an aspect of their organizational civic behavior, and based in that, group efficiency. The prospect of study consists in revealing other determinants of workers’ contribution to the informal subgroup, small group.

Keywords: inclusion in the subgroup, age, gender, contribution to the group, aspects of civic behavior, extra-role behavior, organizational spontaneity, informal subgroup, organizational civic behavior, small group

References:
Balabanova E. S., Baranova D. A., Deminskaya V. E. Nadrolevoe povedenie rabotnika: proyavleniya, predposylki i posledstviya // Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seriya 12. Sotsiologiya. 2017. T. 10, ¹
S. 185–200. 2. Gorbatenko A. S., Gorbatenko T. M. Metodika opredeleniya struktury maloy gruppy s pomoshch'yu formalizovannogo analiza mezhlichnostnykh vyborov // Voprosy psikhologii. 1984. ¹4. S. 112–118.
Gulevich O. A. Grazhdanskoe povedenie v organizatsii: usloviya i posledstviya // Organizatsionnaya psikhologiya. 2013. T. 3, ¹ 3. S. 78–96.
Nestik T. A. Sotsial'nyy kapital organizatsii: sotsial'no-psikhologicheskiy analiz. Chast' I // Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 2009. T. 30, ¹ 1. S. 52–63.
Pogudina E. Yu. Mikropodkhod k organizatsionnomu povedeniyu // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2013. ¹ 373. S. 171–173.
Psikhologiya razvitiya / Pod red. A. K. Bolotovoy i O. N. Molchanovoy. M.: CheRo, 2005. 524 s.
Sidorenkov A. V. Malaya gruppa i neformal'nye podgruppy: mikrogruppovaya teoriya: monografiya. Rostov n/d: Izd-vo Yu

Abstract: The authors of the article discuss the scientific experience and possibility of applying the narrative approach to the analysis of the phenomenon of social representations. They analyze the content of the concepts and points of intersection between two traditions: the narrative approach and the concept of social representations; typical examples of empirical studies proposed by foreign authors at the interface of the narrative approach and the concept of social representations. The authors offer the main areas for further research, present and analyze cognitive structures developed in modern studies of social representations, "theme" and "cognitive polyphasia". Theoretical schemes for considering social representations with the help of narrative structures are described. The authors also analyze the studies of foreign authors who support the concept of social representations not familiar to the Russian-speaking reader such as J. Laszlo, R. Farr, V. Duaz, and S. Jovchelovitch. A theoretical model of considering social representations based on narrative structures is demonstrated. For the first time in Russian academic literature, a study examining the phenomenon of social representations through the prism of a narrative approach is presented. The points of intersection of the two approaches are described, and the unity of the general scientific sociocultural paradigm is demonstrated for considering narrative and social representations. The urgency and the scientific nature of the superposition of the narrative matrix on the structure of social representations is substantiated, microgenetic processes are identified which allows a detailed analysis of the internal mechanisms of social representations. 

Keywords: objectification, metasystem, discursive psychology, cognitive polyphase, temata, social representations, narrative approach, anchoring, Central core, representative field

References:
Bovina I.B. Teoriya sotsial'nykh predstavleniy: istoriya i sovremennoe razvitie //Sotsiologicheskiy zhurnal, 2010. ¹ 3, s. 5-20.
Bovina I.B., Stefanenko T.G., Tikhomandritskaya O.A., Malysheva N.G., Golynchik E.O. Rossiya v sovremennom mire: podkhod k teorii sotsial'nykh predstavleniy //Znanie. Ponimanie. Umenie. 2009, ¹ 2. http://www.zpu-journal.ru/ezpu/2009/2/Bovina&Stefanenko&Tikhomandritskaya&Malysheva&Golynchik/
Bruner Dzh. Zhizn' kak narrativ. // Postneklassicheskaya psikhologiya. Sotsial'nyy konstruktivizm i narrativnyy podkhod. Nauchno-prakticheskiy zhurnal. 2005. ¹ 1 (2). C. 9—30.
Vayngarten K. Osmyslenie istoriy o bolezni: teoriya, praktika, telesnost' i zhizn'. s. 41-54. http://dulwichcentre.com.au/making-sense-of-illness-narratives-russian.pdf
Van Deyk T. A. Yazyk. Poznanie. Kommunikatsiya. Per. s ang. /Sost. V.V. Petrova; pod red. V. I. Gerasimova; Vst. st. Yu. N. Karaulova i V. V. Petrova. M.: Progress 1989,-312 s.
Vasilyuk, F.E. Struktura obraza [Tekst] / F.E. Vasilyuk // Voprosy psikhologii – 1993.-¹ 5. – S. 5-19.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of internationalism and isolationism of the domestic psychology of the first half of the XX century. The object of the study is the international trends in the development of domestic practice-oriented psychology, and the subject is international scientific communication as a condition for the development of the main scientific and practical trends in the domestic psychology of the period studied. An original approach to solving the problem is proposed in the context of the idea of a self-developing collective subject of scientific knowledge involved in the system of international scientific communication. The method of historical and psychological reconstruction is being implemented. The results of the analysis of data on international cooperation in the course of the organization of scientific and practical trends, as well as on official and informal contacts of the leading representatives of Soviet pedology, psychotechnology and psychoanalysis with foreign scientists are presented. The novelty of the study consists in revealing the specifics and role of the general social and scientific and social conditions in the implementation of the inter-ethnic scientific communication of domestic psychologists: the significance of not only social need is determined (in increasing labor productivity, educating a new person, theoretical and ideological justification of social transformations, recognition and strengthening of political positions of the Soviet state abroad), but also scientific policy in relation to the scientific and practical trends of psychology ii. Conclusions are drawn about the close relationship of international scientific communication, Soviet science policy and the processes of institutionalization of domestic scientific and practical trends in the 1920s. 

Keywords: science communication, social history of science, Soviet psychology, Russian psychology, internationalism, national peculiarities of science, practical psychology, pedology, psychotechnics, psychoanalysis

References:
Yasnitskiy A., Lamdan E., Van der Veer R. «V avguste 1941-go»: Neizvestnoe pis'mo A. R. Lurii v SShA kak zerkalo revizionistskoy revolyutsii v istoriografii russkoy psikhologii // Istoriya rossiyskoy psikhologii v litsakh: Daydzhest. – 2017. – ¹2. – S. 225-292
Yasnitskiy A. Izolyatsionizm sovetskoy psikhologii? Uchenye, «import-eksport» v nauke i vlast' // Voprosy psikhologii. – 2011. – ¹ 6. – S. 108-121.
Yasnitskiy A. Ob izolyatsionizme sovetskoy psikhologii: zarubezhnye konferentsii 1920–1930-kh gg. // Voprosy psikhologii. – 2010. – ¹ 3. – S. 101-112.
Yasnitskiy A. Izolyatsionizm sovetskoy psikhologii? Intellektual'naya istoriya kak migratsiya, transformatsiya i tsirkulyatsiya idey // Voprosy psikhologii. – 2012. – ¹ 2. – S. 66-79.
Yaroshevskiy M. G. Repressirovannaya nauka / Pod red. M. G. Yaroshevskogo. – SPb. : Nauka, 1994. – 317 s.
Shefer B., Shleder B. Internatsional'nost' i natsional'noe svoeobrazie nauki // Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. – 2014. – T. 35. – ¹1. – S. 90-94.
Sineva O. V. Sotsial'naya determinatsiya razvitiya nauchno-praktich

Abstract: The subject of the research is the socio-psychological needs of partners and their compatibility as well as attitude to their own appearance and appearance of their partners in registered and unregistered marriages. The authors of the article analyze attitude to one's own appearance and partner's appearance, socio-psychological needs and partner compatibility as the factors of legitimizing relations (i.e. becoming officially married). 87 couples (174 men and women) aged 19 - 59 years old participated in the research. The research methods included: 1) The questionnaire 'History of Couple's Relations' offered by the authors of the article; 2) Evaluative Interpretation of One's Appearance and its Conformity to Gender and Age Constructs Inventory offered by V. A. Labunsky; 3) Color Choice Relations Test by A. M. Etkind; 4) Interpersonal Relations Inventory offered by W. Schutz and adapted by A. A. Rukavishnikov. The methods used to analyze data included Mann-Witney Test and Kruskal - Wallis Test. The results of the research demonstrate that there are significant differences in the intensity of the need for control of women who are officially and unofficially married. The authors make a conclusion about the important role of compatibility of socio-psychological needs including legitimizing their relations. The authors also describe the phenomenon of asymmetrical attitudes to one's appearance experienced by an individual and his or her partner as it was demonstrated by oficially and unoficially married women. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors describe the role of social needs and attitude to one's appearance and appearance of one's partner in the process of legitimizing relations between men and women.  

Keywords: registered marriage, marriage, partner compatibility, appearance, attitude, the need for control, socio-psychological need, need, unregistered marriage, legitimizing relations

References:
Gupta N., Etcoff N.L., Jaeger M. Beauty in Mind: The Effects of Physical Attractiveness on Psychological Well-Being and Distress // Journal of Happiness Studies. 2015. P. 1-13.
Shkurko T.A., Lomova M.A. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie faktory legitimizatsii partnerskikh otnosheniy // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. 2016. ¹ 10. S.819-828. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.21791. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/ppp/article_21791.html
Tashcheva A. I., Kireeva L. E. Svoeobrazie supruzheskikh otnosheniy v «dvukhkar'ernykh» i «nekar'ernykh» brakakh // Vestnik Adygeyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 3: Pedagogika i psikhologiya. 2012. ¹ 4 (109). S. 150 – 156.
Tverdostup K. G. Sistema semeynykh tsennostey suprugov kak faktor udovletvorennosti brakom // Nauka i sovremennost'. 2014. ¹ 33. S.116-121.
Simonovich G. N. Sem'ya i innovatsii kak sotsial'no-psikhologicheskaya problema // NovaInfo.ru. 2016. T. 4. ¹ 57. S. 427-435.
Sychev O. A. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie faktory udovletvorennosti otnosheniyami v molodykh supruzheskikh parakh // Sotsial'naya

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of school students' participation in volunteer teems (druzhinas) on the development of their personal traits (aggression and adaptability) that may serve as internal subjective factors to prevent or commit violations of law by school students. The article presents the results of the survey that involved school students aged 14 - 16 who study at School No. 11 named after A. Kulakov in Krasnoyarsk. Based on the results of the research, school students were divided into two groups: current members of druzhinas or those who are going to join a druzhina and students who are not interested in joining druzhinas. The authors describe results of tests for both groups and demonstrate that school students oriented at joining druzhinas are less aggressive and more adaptable. Thus, the authors conclude that druzhinas may be viewed as the mean of crime prevention in high school. The tests used by the authors of the article during their survey include Attitude to Volunteering Test (offered by the authors themselves), Roger's and Diamond's Social and Psychological Adaptation Inventory and Buss - Durkee Hostility Inventory. The results of the research prove the hypothesis that school students who participate in druzhinas have a higher level of adaptability and lower level of aggression. School students who are not members of druzhinas and not interested in joining volunteer teams are inclined towards physical aggression and disadaptation. The authors conclude that a positive attitude of school students towards participation in young volunteer teams make them develop 'positive' behavioral patterns approved by the society, school and law. This means that young volunteer groups can be viewed as the mean of crime or administrative offense prevention that will also contribute to the development of patriotism and patriotic education of school students. 
 

Keywords: volunteering, motivation, disadaptation, adaptation, aggression, druzhinas, prevention, offense, school students, volunteers

References:
Konstitutsiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii (prinyata vsenarodnym golosovaniem 12.12.1993 g.) // Rossiyskaya gazeta.-1993. 25 dekabrya.
Bodrenkova G. I. Dobrovol'chestvo / G. I. Bodrenkova // Sotsial'naya rabota.-2016. ¹1. S. 52-56.
Kovalevich I.A., Kovalevich V.T., Rostovtseva M.V., Mashanov A.A. Uchebno-metodicheskiy kompleks formirovaniya dopolnitel'nykh kompetentsiy uchiteley sistemy srednego shkol'nogo obrazovaniya kak tekhnologiya effektivnogo upravleniya chelovecheskimi resursami // Vestnik KrasGAU, 2013. ¹9. S. 311-315.
Kovalevich I.A., Kovalevich V.T., Mashanov A.A., Shaydurova O.V., Rostovtseva M.V. Osnovnye aspekty issledovaniya chelovecheskogo kapitala v sisteme obrazovaniya // Vestnik KrasGAU, 2014. ¹6. S.315-320
Kovalevich I.A., Kovalevich V.T., Rostovtseva M.V., Mashanov A.A., Shaydurova O.V. Konstruirovanie modeli upravleniya chelovecheskimi resursami v sfere obrazovaniya // Vestnik KrasGAU, 2014. ¹5. S. 272-277
Kurenkova O.E. Volontersvo // Sovremennaya entsiklopediya sotsial'noy raboty / pod red. V.I. Zhukova.-M., 2008. 542 s.
Ma

Abstract: The subject of the research is the types of interpersonal differences (conflict of interests, organisation conflict, activity conflict, conflict of opinions and ideas, personal differences and conflict of vlalues), levels of the conflict (interpersonal, microgroup and group) and conflict types (job and subject oriented conflicts). The object of the research is small production teams represented by companies small in number and primary departments at medium-sized and major organisations or enterprises. Special attention is paid to the relationship between each type of difference taken individually or jointly and variables (levels and types) of the conflict in a group in general and inside informal subgroups. The research involved 42 work teams (334 workers) who were tested using the interpersonal conflict inventory, types of interpersonal conflict inventory and types of group and microgroup conflict inventory. All questionnaries were integrated into a computer testing program 'Group Profile - Universal' using a formalised methd of detecting informal subgroups. Respondents were tested on a PC individually. The results of their tests were processed using the GP-U (M16) method. For the first time in the academic literature the author studies the relationship between different conflict types and conflict variables in a group in general and inside informal subgroups in particular based on the classification of conflicts and a multi-dimension model of intra-group conflict. It was shown that types of interpersonal conflicts have direct links with these or those variables (levels and types) of the conflict in a group and informal subgroups. Generally speaking, types of interpersonal differences are predictors of: (a) interpersonal and group conflicts in a group as a whole, and (b) interpersonal and microgroup conflicts in informal subgroups. Certain combinations of types of differences are also predictors of variables of the conflict. Some types of differences are stronger predictors of conflict variables in a group or subgroup when they are combined rather than separated. The results can be used in practice to predict the appearance and development of these or those conflict variables in a group as well as to manage conflicts through managing differences.

Keywords: job conflict, interpersonal conflict, conflict of values, conflict of opinions, authorizing contradictions, conflict of interests, types of conflicts, levels of the conflict, types of differences, subject conflict

References:
Sidorenkov, A. V. GROUP PROFILE Computer Technique: A Tool for Complex Study of Small Groups / A. V. Sidorenkov, R. V. Pavlenko // SAGE Open. 2015. 5(1), rr. 1—13. http://dx.doi. org/10.1177/2158244015569418
Jehn, K. A. A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict / K. A. Jehn // Administrative Science Quarterly. – 1995. – 40. – R. 256-282.
McGrath, J. E. Groups: Interaction and performance / J. E. McGrath. – Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall, 1984.
Rubin, J. Z. Social conflict: escalation, stalemate, and settlement (2nd E.) / J. Z. Rubin, D. G. Pruitt, S. H. Kim. – McGraw-Hill : New York, NY, 1994.
Greer, L. L. Conflict transformation: A longitudinal investigation of the relationships between different types of intragroup conflict and the moderating role of conflict resolution / L. L. Greer, K. A. Jehn, E. A. Mannix // Small Group Research. – 2008. – 39(3). – P. 278-302.
Erbert, L. A. Conflict and dialectics: Perceptions of dialectical contradictions in

Abstract: The authors of the article have studied the basic socio-psychological needs (including the need for control and affect) and their correlation in family relations (parameters of compatibility needs); parameters of psychological well-being (the ability to establish positive relations with others, the degree of autonomy, the degree of competence in managing the surroundings, personal growth, the availability of goals in life, the level of self-acceptance, the overall emotional evaluation of oneself and his or her own life, meaningfulness of life, the ability to perceive and integrate new experiences) and viability (the degree of involvement, level of control, risk acceptance) by partners who are married or cohabitate. 70 people participated in the research including 35 families (24 officially married families and 11 cohabitated families) who have been living together for 1 year at least and 30 years at most. Participants aged from 21 years old to 59 years old. The following empiric research methods have been used: 1. "Methods of diagnosing psychological well-being of the personality" (T. D. Shevelenkova, P. P. Fesenko) [24]; 2. "Test of viability" (D. A. Leontiev, D. I. Rasskazova) [11]; 3. The questionnaire «Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation» (V. Schutz, adapted by A. A. Rukavishnikov) [3]. As a method of data analysis the authors have used the method of comparison of two independent samples based on the Mann-Whitney test. The results of the research have shown that the basic socio-psychological needs do not influence on the preference for a certain type of marriage: cohabitation or official. The factors of legitimizing a partnership union include compatibility of socio-psychological needs of the partners based on the principle of complementarity and their degree of openness to the world. The most important sphere to legitimize of relationships of partners is the sphere of control. The study extends the existing social psychology notions about socio-psychological factors of legitimizing partnership relations and the role of personality's need for control, establishing and developing relations with other people.

Keywords: cohabitation, official marriage, marriage, close emotional relationship, need for control, socio-psychological need, need, family, partner compatibility, legitimizing relations

References:
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Abstract: In his research Paleev talks about development of laws and regulations during the Reformation. Academics often underline that the Reformation was the Protestantism. Max Weber believed the Reformation to be the movement that resulted in the origin of the Capitalism. Religious beliefs that contributed to the origin of the Protestantism also formed a new economy and style of life. At the same time, it also had an effect on legal concepts of the European civilization. In fact, the development of new legal views and concepts was quite more dramatic than it seems. Weber's interpretation of the Reformation is often reviewed by today's researchers, however, the latter pay too little attention to so-called counter-reformation movements. The Reformation was not recognized by everyone. Religious movements created new interpretations and concepts of law. That, in its turn, created a complex psychological situation and disagreements oif values. There were social and religious passions around the legal culture. Paleev bases his research mostly on the principle of historicism which allowed to show the influence of Max Weber's ideas not only on the economy and religious beliefs but also development of new legal views of the Christian civilization. In his article Paleev focuses on a difficult situation in Europe when the Reformation created numerous anti-reformation movements and social passions. The author of the article analyzes debates round the religious category of 'salvation'. Martin Luther's concept was often critisized by anti-reformation movements. The author also raises a question about individual behavior that goes beyound the law and religious standards and discuss the idea of Christianity returning to its initial purity as a true essence. The author also emphasizes the need to distinguish between law and religion and proves the independent role of the law. 

Keywords: anti-reformation movements, social passions, salvation, law, psychological motives, rationalist principles, reformation, psychology, management, philosophy

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