Abstract: The subject of this study is the problem of the relationship between activity and human activity. The relevance of this topic is related to the fact that in the domestic psychological literature the categories “activity” and “activity” are often used. At the same time, there is no clear division of these categories. There is also no clear understanding of whether these categories are the same or different? Researchers often interpret the relationship between activity and human activity in different ways. Through the “universal” category, we try to establish a relationship between activity and human activity. Thus, the purpose of the study is to establish the relationship between activity and human activity. Objectives of the study: to analyze the available points of view in the literature on the problem of the relationship between activity and human activity; analyze human activity and activities involving the category of "universal"; identify differences between activity and human activity. In this study, we used the methods of comparative and theoretical analysis, as well as the analysis of scientific literature. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the problem of the correlation of human activity and activity is considered through the use of the category "universal", as well as the categories "essence" and "phenomenon".The main conclusions of the study are: 1. Human activity and activity correlate with each other as an essence and phenomenon; 2. Human activity, being the essence of activity, manifests itself in amateur activities; 3. Human activity is the process of actualization of a specifically universal one; 4. Activity is alienated from its source (activity), when it is not aimed at actualization of the concretely universal.

Keywords: self-movement, subject, activity, independent activity, appearance, essence, universal, human activity, working, subjectivity

References:
Khaykin V.L. Aktivnost' kak fenomen kul'tury // Mir psikhologii. 2000. ¹ 3. S. 261-266.
Kratkiy psikhologicheskiy slovar'. Rostov n/D : «Feniks», 1998. 512 s.
Sokolov E. V. Kul'tura i lichnost' L. : Nauka. 1972. 228 s.
Markaryan E. S. Sistemnoe issledovanie chelovecheskoy deyatel'nosti // Voprosy filosofii. 1972. ¹ 3. C. 77-86.
Demin M. V. K voprosu o sootnoshenii ponyatiy «deyatel'nost'», «aktivnost'», «povedenie». Vestnik MGU. 1975. ¹5. Seriya 8 (filosofiya). S. 11-22.
Kagan M.S. Chelovecheskaya deyatel'nost' (Opyt sistemnogo analiza). M. : Politizdat, 1974. 328 s.
Smirnov S. D. Psikhologiya obraza: problema aktivnosti psikhicheskogo otrazheniya. M. : MGU, 1985. 231 c.
Smirnov S. D. Aktivnost'. Deyatel'nost'. Lichnost' // Mir psikhologii 2006. ¹3. S. 11-23.
Leont'ev A. N. Kategoriya deyatel'nosti v sovremennoy psikhologii // Voprosy psikhologii. 1979. ¹3. S. 11-15.
Asmolov A. G., Petrovskiy V. A. O dinamicheskom podkhode k psikhologicheskomu analizu deyatel'nosti // Voprosy psikhologii. 1978. ¹1. C. 70-80.
Petrovs

Abstract: The article is devoted to comparative analysis of some social-psychological methods used to assess labor activity motivation with the view of defining their diagnostic potential. Four tests, diagnostic procedure and five questionnaires are considered in the comparative analysis. Reference data on each method (their full and short naming, developers, the date of issue, diagnostic method) is collected by the authors, analysis of the structure, situations and peculiarities of application of diagnostic tools is carried out, their assets and flaws are revealed. For purposes of describing and revealing diagnostic potential of social-psychological methods of assessing labor motivation, a set of characteristics is described by the authors.  Based on the latter, the comparison of diagnostic tools was consistently carried out. The authors describe the subject of research, theoretical and conceptual model, structure of the method, automation, execution and data processing time, and the scope ( tasks that can be solved). At the stage of data interpretation and formulating recommendations the classification method was introduced. The scientific novelty and practical importance of the research is caused by the fact that the authors define three groups of methods assessing motivation of labor activity. Methods of the first group allow to define types of motivation, methods of the second group disclose the structure (content) of labor motivation, methods of the third group help to discover the motivational area (the process of solving the work motivation task). Recommendations on selecting particular methods for assessing labor motivation are offered for scientific and practical objectives.

Keywords: work motivation, negative motivation, positive motivation, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, work motivation structure, diagnostics of work motivation, motivation type, multifactor inventory, motives ranking

References:
Burlachuk L.F. Psikhodiagnostika: Uchebnik dlya vuzov. SPb.: Piter, 2006. 351 s.
Gerchikov V.I. Trudovaya motivatsiya: ponyatie, vyyavlenie, upravlenie. Chast' 1 // Lichnost'. Kul'tura. Obshchestvo, 2006. T. VIII. Vyp. 3 (31). S. 222-233.
Gerchikov V.I. Trudovaya motivatsiya: ponyatie, vyyavlenie, upravlenie. Chast' 2 // Lichnost'. Kul'tura. Obshchestvo, 2006. T. VIII. Vyp. 4 (32). S. 123-133.
Gorbachev A.V., Kupriyanov E.A., Naumenko A.S., Odintsova V.V., Shmelev A.G. Metodika “Struktura trudovoy motivatsii i perspektivy ee primeneniya // Psikhol. zhurn., 2006, T. 27, ¹ 3. S.86–93.
Zamfir K. Udovletvorennost' trudom: Mnenie sotsiologa. M.: Politizdat, 1983. 142 s.
Kokurina I.G. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie aspekty motivatsii trudovoy deyatel'nosti. Diss… kand. psikhol. nauk. M., 1984. 250 s.
Kokurina I.G. Metodika izucheniya motivatsii trudovoy deyatel'nosti: Uchebnoe posobie. M.: MGU, 1990. 56 s.
Magomed-Eminov M.Sh. Motivatsiya dostizheniya: struktura i mekhanizmy. Diss… kand. psikhol. nauk. M., 1987. 343 s.
Ozernikova T.G. Metodika d

Abstract: The article is devoted to comparative analysis of some social-psychological methods used to assess labor activity motivation with the view of defining their diagnostic potential. Four tests, diagnostic procedure and five questionnaires are considered in the comparative analysis. Reference data on each method (their full and short naming, developers, the date of issue, diagnostic method) is collected by the authors, analysis of the structure, situations and peculiarities of application of diagnostic tools is carried out, their assets and flaws are revealed. For purposes of describing and revealing diagnostic potential of social-psychological methods of assessing labor motivation, a set of characteristics is described by the authors.  Based on the latter, the comparison of diagnostic tools was consistently carried out. The authors describe the subject of research, theoretical and conceptual model, structure of the method, automation, execution and data processing time, and the scope ( tasks that can be solved). At the stage of data interpretation and formulating recommendations the classification method was introduced. The scientific novelty and practical importance of the research is caused by the fact that the authors define three groups of methods assessing motivation of labor activity. Methods of the first group allow to define types of motivation, methods of the second group disclose the structure (content) of labor motivation, methods of the third group help to discover the motivational area (the process of solving the work motivation task). Recommendations on selecting particular methods for assessing labor motivation are offered for scientific and practical objectives.

Keywords: work motivation, negative motivation, positive motivation, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, work motivation structure, diagnostics of work motivation, motivation type, multifactor inventory, motives ranking

References:
Burlachuk L.F. Psikhodiagnostika: Uchebnik dlya vuzov. SPb.: Piter, 2006. 351 s.
Gerchikov V.I. Trudovaya motivatsiya: ponyatie, vyyavlenie, upravlenie. Chast' 1 // Lichnost'. Kul'tura. Obshchestvo, 2006. T. VIII. Vyp. 3 (31). S. 222-233.
Gerchikov V.I. Trudovaya motivatsiya: ponyatie, vyyavlenie, upravlenie. Chast' 2 // Lichnost'. Kul'tura. Obshchestvo, 2006. T. VIII. Vyp. 4 (32). S. 123-133.
Gorbachev A.V., Kupriyanov E.A., Naumenko A.S., Odintsova V.V., Shmelev A.G. Metodika “Struktura trudovoy motivatsii i perspektivy ee primeneniya // Psikhol. zhurn., 2006, T. 27, ¹ 3. S.86–93.
Zamfir K. Udovletvorennost' trudom: Mnenie sotsiologa. M.: Politizdat, 1983. 142 s.
Kokurina I.G. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie aspekty motivatsii trudovoy deyatel'nosti. Diss… kand. psikhol. nauk. M., 1984. 250 s.
Kokurina I.G. Metodika izucheniya motivatsii trudovoy deyatel'nosti: Uchebnoe posobie. M.: MGU, 1990. 56 s.
Magomed-Eminov M.Sh. Motivatsiya dostizheniya: struktura i mekhanizmy. Diss… kand. p

Abstract: In their article the authors provide the results of theoretical analysis of the social and psychological theories of the ‘success’ phenomenon. The authors give an insight into the development of the psychology of success by describing the following levels of human life activity: • hedonistic (vital) level (the priority of material values over social values is observed here); • pragmatical (social) level (desire of wealth, power and glory as sources of social pleasures dominate over spiritual values); and • altruistic (existentional) level (‘internal’ or moral level when spiritual values dominate over material wealth). The authors also describe an integrated model of the reference image of success including synthesis and the general concept of all described types and forms of success. Theoretical and methodological bases of research include philosophical, ethical and psychological researches of existential problems and concepts describing peculiarities of success as a psychological category. For the first time in scientific literature the authors develop a theoretical model of success as a reference image consisting of the following three levels: 1 – individual success (‘for my own benefit’), 2.collective success (‘cooperation’); 3. success in service «for the benefit of others». The authors note that the process of achievement of success depends on purposes that are set by a person based on one of three options of the reference image of success.

Keywords: success, altruism, hedonism, American dream, cooperation, helping behavior, egoism, pro-social behavior, material wealth, reference image of success.

References:
Atyunina, V. S. Obraz uspeshnogo cheloveka v semanticheskom prostranstve lichnosti: monografiya / V. S. Atyunina.-Khabarovsk: Izd-vo DVGUPS, 2009.-194 s.
Dvoretskaya, M. Ya. Kontseptsiya cheloveka v religiozno-filosofskom uchenii Vostochno-khristianskoy Tserkvi epokhi Srednevekov'ya: psikhologicheskiy aspekt: monografiya / M. Ya. Dvoretskaya; Ros.gos. ped. un-t im. A. I. Gertsena.-SPb.: Izd-vo RGPU, 2004.-250 s.
Dvoretskaya, M.Ya. Istina dlya ratsionalista. Psikhologiya somneniya. Monografiya. – SPb., 2010.-637s.
Dokinz, R. Egoistichnyy gen / R. Dokinz.-M.: Corpus, 2013. – 512 s.
Il'in, E. P. Psikhologiya pomoshchi. Al'truizm, egoizm, empatiya / E. P. Il'in.-SPb.: Piter, 2013.-304 s.
Mayers, D. Dzh. Sotsial'naya psikhologiya / Devid Dzh. Mayers; per. Z. Zamchuk.-SPb.: Piter, 2013.-800 s.
Morozov, A. V. Delovaya psikhologiya. Kurs lektsiy: ucheb.dlya vyssh. i sred. spets. ucheb. zavedeniy / A. V. Morozov.-SPb.: Soyuz, 2000.-576 s.
Nekrasov, S. I. Amerikanskiy mul'tikul'turizm: monog

Abstract: The present research is based on the analysis of interdependency of characteristics of the subjective picture of life path and creativity demonstrated by a group of successful individuals in order to make practical recommendations on how to teach young people to activate and use their creative potentials in the process of building their life according to their own desires and opportunities. In other others, the purpose of the research is to provide statistical summary of successful (i.e. creative) individuals building their life path. Respondents involved in the research worked at academic and research institutions and had a PhD in medicine or technical science (or good position at a university) and also had families. The results of the research showed that creative people were naturally active on their life path and demonstrated interest towards learning and creating new things, set life goals and clearely understood how to achieve them, had large-scaled life goals and understood the causal and purpose connections between events.

Keywords: picture of life path, creativity, causometria, divergent thinking, success, biographical method, life program, the scale of life targets, strategy, rationality.

References:
Abul'khanova K.A., Berezina T.N. Vremya lichnosti i vremya zhizni. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2001.
Barysheva T.A., Zhigalov Yu.A. Psikhologo-pedagogicheskie osnovy razvitiya kreativnosti. SPb: SPGUTD, 2006. 268s.
Bogoyavlenskaya D.B. Intellektual'naya aktivnost' kak problema tvorchestva. Rostov-na-Donu: Izd-vo Rostovskogo un-ta, 1983. 172 s.
Brushlinskiy A.V. Psikhologiya sub'ekta / Otv.red.prof. 4. V. V. Znakov.M.:Institut psikhologii RAN; SPb: izdat. "Aleteyya", 2003g. 272 s.
Kronik A.A., Akhmerov R.A. Kauzometriya: Metody samopoznaniya, psikhodiagnostiki i psikhoterapii v psikhologii zhiznennogo puti. M.: Smysl, 2008. 294 s.
Rubinshteyn S. L. Chelovek i mir. M.: Nauka, 1997. 191 s.
Soldatova E. L. Proektivnaya metodika diagnostiki divergentnogo myshleniya // nauchno-metodicheskiy zhurnal "Vestnik prakticheskoy psikhologii obrazovaniya" ¹ 2(3) 2005g. S.119-125.
Suslova T.S. Nekotorye osobennosti kreativnykh lichnostey: Sistemnoe issledovanie individual'nosti. Perm', 1991. S. 149.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the phenomenon of appearance discrimination. The author analyzes theoretical and experimental works of foreign researchers devoted to such type of discrimination at lookism. Lookism is the term that is used in foreign literature and describes the phenomenon of discrimination of beautiful people, noteworthy that authors of many publications describe the ‘positive’ discrimination. These foreign researches of discrimination in different interaction situations show that beautiful people tend to receive a higher salary, receive better grades as students and etc. The author of the present article also provides the results of the empiric research of discrimination of good-looking people. Based on the study of Russian respondents, there is the appearance discrimination in Russia (about 89% of all cases) and it is usually lookism (‘positive’ discrimination of beautiful people) and discrimination of people who are too fat/skinny or taller/shorter than average height.

Keywords: discrimination, lookism, attractive appearance, beauty, categorization, attitude, benefit, stereotype, interaction, appearance.

References:
Vorob'ev S.M. Konstitutsionno-pravovye osnovy bor'by s diskriminatsiey v Rossii // LEX RUSSICA (RUS-SKIY ZAKON). 2013. ¹ 1. C. 16-24.
Labunskaya V.A. «Vidimyy chelovek» kak sotsial'no-psikhologicheskiy fenomen // Sotsial'naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo. 2010. ¹ 1. S. 26-39.
Berggren N., Jordahl H., Poutvaara P. The looks of a winner: Beauty and electoral success // Journal of Public Economics. Vol. 94. Is. 1–2. Feb. 2010. P. 8-15.
Costin C. Your dieting daughter: is she dying for attention? // Psychology Press. 1996. R. 240.
Giordano S. Exercise and Eating Disorders: An Ethical and Legal Analysis. Taylor & Francis, 2009.
Grunig L.A., Hon L.C., Toth E.L. Women in Public Relations: How Gender Influences Practice. Routledge, 2004.
Hamermesh D.S. Changing looks and changing “discrimination”: The beauty of economists Economics Letters. Volume 93. Issue 3. December 2006. P. 405-412.
Hamermesh D., Parker A. Beauty in the classroom: instructors’ pulchritude and putative pedagogical prod

Abstract: The article describes peculiarities of creative thinking, main theories of thinking and specifics of the achievement motivation. The author reveals how the achievement motivation influences personal creative activity and compares creativity and critical thinking and how critical thinking influences the creativity process. It is concluded that in order to achieve success, one needs not only potentials and also desire, commitment and persistence.

Keywords: psychology, creativity, creation, cogitation, abilities, motivation, achieving success, potential, commitment, persistence, critics, self-regulation.

References:
Aylamaz'yan A.M. Vybor motivov deyatel'nosti: teoreticheskie aspekty problemy i eksperimental'noe iz-uchenie // Voprosy psikhologii. 2007. ¹ 1.
Al'bukhanova-Slavskaya K.A. Sotsial'noe myshlenie lichnosti: problemy i strategii issledovaniya // Psikho-logicheskiy zhurnal. 2004. T. 14. ¹ 4.
Aseev V.G. Motivatsiya povedeniya i formirovaniya lichnosti. M., 1976.
Belous V.V., Kopan' T.V. Rol' motivatsii i stimulyatsii v formirovanii struktur integral'noy individu-al'nosti // Voprosy psikhologii. 1995. ¹ 6. S. 96.
Bogoyavlenskaya D.B. Intellektual'naya aktivnost' kak problema tvorchestva. Rostov-n/D: Izd-vo Rostovskogo universiteta, 1983.
Bol'shakova V.V. O motivatsii deyatel'nosti cheloveka kak osnovnom zakone ego samosokhraneniya motiva // Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 1995. T. 16. ¹ 4.
Brushlinskiy A.V. Myshlenie i obshchenie. Minsk: Izd-vo Minskogo gos. universiteta, 2005.
Vaysman R.S. K probleme razvitiya motivov i potrebnostey cheloveka v ontogeneze // Voprosy psikhologii. 1973. ¹ 5

Abstract: The author of the article provides a brief history of theoretical and experimental establishment of the author’s conception in the sphere of psychology of happiness associated with personal self-fulfillment. Modern variant of personality oriented conception of happiness is described through interaction of the two many-level systems – Selfishness and Personal Uniqueness. It is the first time in Russian psychology that selfishness and personal uniqueness are shown as a system and their productive interaction giving birth to new psychological states is described.

Keywords: psychology, eudaimonia, hedonism, happiness, personal uniqueness, selfishness, system approach, personality oriented conception, Psychology of Happiness, Conception of Happiness.

References:
Bratchenko S.L., Mironova M.R. Lichnostnyy rost i ego kriterii // Psikhologicheskie problemy samore-alizatsii lichnosti / pod red. A.A. Krylova, L.A. Korostylevoy. SPb: Izdatel'stvo S.-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 1997. S. 38-46.
Dokinz R. Egoistichnyy gen. M.: Mir, 1993.
Levit L.Z. Schast'e ot uma. Minsk: A.N. Varaksin, 2008.
Levit L.Z. Schast'e ot uma. 2-e izd., dop. i pererab. Minsk: A.N. Varaksin, 2009.
Levit L.Z. Psikhologiya schast'ya: «Monte-Karlo» ili «papa Karlo?» // Psikhoterapiya i klinicheskaya psikho-logiya. Minsk, 2009. ¹ 2. S. 42.
Levit L.Z. Schast'e ot uma-3. 3-e izdanie, dopolnennoe i pererabotannoe. Minsk: Para La Oro, 2010.
Levit L.Z. Formula schast'ya: poisk, sozdanie, primenenie. Minsk: A.N. Varaksin, 2011.
Levit L.Z. Psikhologiya schast'ya — vozmozhnost' novoy paradigmy // Aktual'nye problemy etnicheskoy i sotsial'noy psikhologii: materialy Mezhvuzovskoy konferentsii molodykh uchenykh, studentov i aspirantov. M: RUDN, 2011. S. 319-323.
Levit L.Z. Lichno

Abstract: The article attempts to answer the question of what professional and personal qualities one must have to become a successful real estate agent, what are the internal and external factors affecting the success of professional staff. A brief overview of the specifics of real estate activities is given. The article views the concepts of addiction and the ability for a particular activity. Author analyses the influence of the dynamic characteristics on the formal scope of the individual ability to be successful in real estate activities, gives a professional and psychological portrait of a successful realtor.

Keywords: psychology, successful activities, real estate, temperament, inclination, ability, formal and dynamic properties of the personality, motivation to achieve success, internality, extroversion.

References:
Batarshev A.V. Psikhologiya individual'nykh razlichiy: Ot temperamenta k kharakteru i tipologii lichno-sti. M.: Vlados, 2001. 256 s.
Batarshev A.V. Temperament i svoystva vysshey nervnoy deyatel'nosti: Psikhologicheskaya diagnostika. M.: TTs Sfera, 2002. 88 s.
Batyaev A.A. Spravochnik rieltora. Rostov n/D.: Feniks, 2006. 318 s.
Vasil'ev I.A., Magomed-Emirov M.Sh. Motivatsiya i kontrol' za deystviem. M.: izd-vo MGU, 2006. 144 s.
Gordeeva T.O. Psikhologiya motivatsii dostizheniy. M.: Akademiya, 2006. 333 s.
Il'in E.P. Differentsial'naya psikhologiya professional'noy deyatel'nosti. SPb: Piter, 2011. S. 10-11.
Klimov E.A. Individual'nyy stil' deyatel'nosti v zavisimosti ot tipologicheskikh svoystv nervnoy si-stemy. Kazan', 1969. 46 s.
Klimov, E.A. Psikhologiya professionala. M.: MPSI; Voronezh: MODEK, 2003. 456 s.
Knyazev, A.G., Nikolaev, Yu.N. Sdelki s nedvizhimost'yu. M.: Eksmo, 2004. 224 s.
Kuper, K. Individual'nye razlichiya. M.: Aspekt Press, 2000. 527 s.
Makelroy, K.

Abstract: The article describes the main approaches and conceptions of training of future teachers under conditions of information environment of the institution. The author also gives the definition of the ‘common information space’ and lists the advantages and disadvantages of the modern system of training of computer science teachers. The modern stage of modernization of the system of education shows a growing interest of the main actors of educational process in such training and methods.

Keywords: teaching, teacher, computer sciences, environment, institution, technologies, methods, education, process, participants.

References:
Beshenkov S.A. Nepreryvnyy kurs informatiki / S.A. Beshenkov, E.A. Rakitina, N.V. Matveeva L.B. Milo-khina. M.: BINOM. Laboratoriya znaniy, 2008. 143 s.
Beshenkov S.A., Geyn A.G., Grigor'ev S.G. Informatika i informatsionnye tekhnologii. Ucheb. posobie dlya gumanit. f-tov ped. vuzov. Ekaterinburg, UralGPU, 1995. 144 s.
Dalinger, V.A. Samostoyatel'naya deyatel'nost' uchashchikhsya osnovy razvivayushchego obucheniya // Matematika v shkole. 1994. ¹ 6. S. 17-21.
Dobud'ko T.V. Formirovanie professional'noy kompetentnosti uchitelya informatiki v usloviyakh infor-matizatsiiobrazovaniya. Tekst: dis. ... d-ra ped. nauk: 13.00.02 / T.V. Dobud'ko. Samara, 1999. 349 s.
Zakharova T.B. Profil'naya differentsiatsiya obucheniya informatike na starshey stupeni shkoly Tekst: dis. ... d-ra ped. nauk: 13.00.02 / T.B. Zakharova. M., 1997. 299 s.
Kuznetsov A.A. O kontseptsii soderzhaniya obrazovatel'noy oblasti «Informatika» v 12-letney shkole / A.A. Kuznetsov // Informatika i obrazovanie. 2000. ¹
S. 2-

Abstract: The article analyzes peculiar terms of the apparatus of positive psychology and its opportunity to adapt and transform in Russian psychology. The author of the article makes several important remarks related to purposes and software of the most significant trends of possible development of positive psychology in Russia.

Keywords: psychology, positive, terminology, inner, force, education, programs, communication, happiness, conscience.

References:
Bonivell I. Klyuchi k blagopoluchiyu: Chto mozhet pozitivnaya psikhologiya / Per. s angl. M. Babichevoy. M.: Vremya, 2009. 192 s.
Il'in I.A. Aksiomy religioznogo opyta. V 2-kh tt. Parizh, 1953. M.: Russkaya kniga, 2002.
Maslou A. Novye rubezhi chelovecheskoy prirody / Per. s angl. 2-oe izd., ispr. M.: Smysl; Al'pina non-fikshn, 2011. 496 s.
Mey R. Sila i nevinnost'. M.: Smysl, 2001. 319 s.
Pezeshkian N. Psikhosomatika i pozitivnaya psikhoterapiya. M.: Meditsina, 1996. 464 s.
Seligman M. V poiskakh schast'ya. Kak poluchat' udovol'stvie ot zhizni kazhdyy den'. Mann, Ivanov i Ferber, 2010. 320 s.
Seligman M. Novaya pozitivnaya psikhologiya. M.: Sofiya, 2006. 368 s.
Fromm E. Freyd / Per. s angl. M.: Ves' Mir, 2002. 144 s.
Kh'ell L., Zigler D. Teorii lichnosti. 3-e izd. SPb: Piter, 2005. 607 s.
Chiksentmikhali M. Potok: psikhologiya optimal'nogo perezhivaniya / Per. s angl. M.: Smysl; Al'pina non-fikshn, 2011. 461 s.
Friedenberg E.Z. Coming of Age in America. N.Y.: Random

Abstract: The article provides psychological description of an entrepreneur’s personality and activity. The author of the article reveals the innovative nature of such activity, challenges in its standardization and algorithmization, describes attitudes to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs in a modern Russian society and shows difficulties in development of entrepreneurship in Russia which is caused by various social, economic and psychological factors. It is underlined that there is a certain need in defining objective laws forming the basis of success of entrepreneurship activity. The author of the article also considers social and psychological contradictions conditioning positive perception of entrepreneurship and negative attitude towards entrepreneurs in a Russian society.

Keywords: psychology, entrepreneurship, activity, success, professional competence, direction, autonomy, personality, stress resistance.

References:
Vasilyuk F.E. Metodologicheskiy analiz v psikhologii / F.E. Vasilyuk. M.: MGPPU; Smysl, 2003. 240 s.
Deyneka O.S. Ekonomicheskaya psikhologiya / O.S. Deyneka. SPb: SPBGU, 1999. 105 s.
Derkach A.A. Akmeologicheskie osnovy razvitiya professionala / A.A. Derkach. M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo psikhologo-sotsial'nogo instituta; Voronezh: NPO «MODEK», 2004. 752 s.
Kotova I.B. Psikhologicheskaya kharakteristika predprinimatel'skoy deyatel'nosti / I.B. Kotova, O.S. Ka-narkevich, V.N. Petrievskiy // Psikhologicheskiy resurs v ekonomike i predprinimatel'stve. Stavropol', 2002. S. 23-31.
Markova A.K. Psikhologiya professionalizma / A.K. Markova. M.: Znanie, 1996. 308 s.
Marchenko V.V. Sotsial'naya psikhologiya predprinimatel'stva / V.V. Marchenko. Yaroslavl': Izd-vo YarGU, 1996. 468 s.
Rozanova V.A. Psikhologicheskie paradoksy v upravlenii / V.A. Rozanova. M.: Biznes-shkola «Intell-Sintez», 1997.
Khizrich R. Predprinimatel'stvo, ili kak zavesti sobstvennoe delo i dobit'sya uspekha / R. Kh

Abstract: The article studies the possibilities of indirect diagnostics of professionally oriented personal meanings that are usually realized in a career. Leaders and executives who participated in the study were to write about their biggest professional achievement (success) and their biggest professional failure. Qualitative analysis of those texts allowed to define the differences between the two groups of respondents. Using subjective and objective criteria for self-evaluation of their own work, ‘leaders’ demonstrated their orientation towards ‘activity’ (their performance, sufficient/ insufficient skills) while ‘executives’ more often showed orientation towards support/correction of their professional self-conception.

Keywords: psychology, career, personal meanings, criteria for self-evaluation, professional success, professional failure, leaders, executives, qualitative methods, textual methods.

References:
Akbieva Z.S., Ternovskaya O.P., Shneyder L.B. Psikhologiya kar'ery i professional'no-relevantnoe povedenie spetsialista. M.: MPSI, 2008.
Baykhem U.S., Smit O.B., Pizi M.Dzh. Vospitay svoego lidera: Kak nakhodit', razvivat' i uderzhivat' v orga-nizatsii talantlivykh rukovoditeley. M.: Vil'yams, 2002.
Bogatyreva O.O. Psikhologicheskie predposylki kar'ernogo rosta // Voprosy psikhologii. 2008. ¹ 3. S. 92-98.
Zhdanovich A.A. Kar'ernye orientatsii v strukture professional'noy Ya-kontseptsii studentov: Avtoref. diss… kand. psikhol. n. M., 2008.
Ivanova S. Iskusstvo podbora personala: Kak otsenit' cheloveka za chas. M.: Al'pina Biznes Buks, 2004.
Konyukhova T.V., Konyukhova E.T. Izuchenie problemy uspekha i uspeshnosti lichnosti v kontekste mezhdistsi-plinarnogo podkhoda // Izvestiya Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2009. T. 314. ¹ 6. S. 112-116.
Leont'ev A.N. Lektsii po obshchey psikhologii. M.: Smysl, 2000.
Lukashenko M.A. Professional'nye kompetentsii rukovoditelya kak fakt

Abstract: The article considers the problem of social adaptation of students to their professional teaching activity. According to the author, formed professional competence is an important and essential condition for successful adaptation to a professional environment. The author also describes attitudes of students towards the factors determining a successful social adaptation to a profession.

Keywords: pedagogy, society, student, profession, adaptation, activity, competence, factors, formed, indicator.

References:
Druzhilov S.A. Stanovlenie professionalizma cheloveka kak realizatsiya individual'nogo resursa profes-sional'nogo razvitiya. Novokuznetsk: Izd-vo IPK, 2002.
Kapterev P.F. Didakticheskie ocherki. Teoriya obrazovaniya. Izbr. soch. M.: Pedagogika, 1982.
Lavrent'eva O.V. Kommunikativnaya kompetentnost' kak faktor obreteniya professional'noy kompetentnosti psikhologa // Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2006. ¹ 1. S. 62-63.
Lebedev O.E. Kompetentnostnyy podkhod v obrazovanii // Shkol'nye tekhnologii. 2004. ¹
S. 3-12. 5. Nedoseka E.V. Osobennosti sotsial'noy adaptatsii studentov ekonomicheskikh spetsial'nostey k professio-nal'noy deyatel'nosti: Avtoref. … diss. kand. sots. nauk. M., 2009.
Pugachev V.P. Rukovodstvo personalom organizatsii. M.: Aspekt Press, 2000.
Saitbaeva E.R. O deyatel'nosti instituta po povysheniyu professional'noy kompetentnosti pedagogiche-skikh i rukovodyashchikh kadrov kak uslovii dostizheniya kachestva dopolnitel'nogo pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya. [Elektr

Abstract: The term ‘scenario’ is analyzed by various theories in psychology as well as humanitarian approaches. The author of the article suggests to view ‘scenario’ as a many-component image of a communicative event. Psychological content of ‘scenario’ is defi ned by the person’s identifi cation in a concrete interaction confi ned by the positive personal identifi cation.

Keywords: psychology, scenario, personality, situation, archetype, transaction, role, identity, identification, image.

References:
Bakhtin M.M. Polifoniya v romanakh Dostoevskogo. – M., 1979.
Belinskaya E.P., Stefanenko T.G. Etnicheskaya sotsializatsiya podrostka. – M, 2000.
Bern E. Igry, v kotorye igrayut lyudi; lyudi, kotorye igrayut v igry. – M.: Progress, 1988.
Bern E. Transaktnyy analiz v gruppe. – M.: Labirint, 1994.
Bornevasser M. Sotsial'naya struktura, identifikatsiya i sotsial'nyy kontakt // Inostrannaya psikhologiya.
– M., 1993.
Bronfenbrenner U. Dva mira detstva, SShA i SSSR. – M., 1977.
Valyunas V.K., Kravchenko A.S. Motivatsiya demonstrativnogo povedeniya // Sovremennaya sotsiologiya moti-
vatsii / Pod red. D.A. Leont'eva. – M.: Smysl, 2002.
Van Deyk T.A. Yazyk. Poznanie. Kommunikatsiya. – M.: Progress, 1989.
Druzhinin V.N. Psikhologiya sem'i. – Ekaterinburg: Delovaya kniga, 2000.
Druzhinin V.N. Varianty zhizni: ocherki ekzistentsial'noy psikhologii. – M.: Per Se, 2004.
Identifikatsiya // Psikhologicheskiy slovar' / Pod obshchey redaktsiey A.V. Petrovskogo, M.G. Yaroshevskogo.

Abstract: The article proves the effectiveness of technologies of professional personality development oriented at personal and professional development of sociotechnical professions – private drivers. It is evidently shown that there is a certain need in special psychological training of private drivers. It is also shown that practical application of a specially developed training seminar allows to increase the professional effectiveness of private drivers.

Keywords: psychology, development, drivers, training, technologies, factors, predicators, self-consciousness, qualities, professionalism

References:
Avetisyan K.A. Psikhologicheskoe soderzhanie i usloviya razvitiya povedencheskoy gibkosti uchitelya: Avtoref.
dis. … kand. psikhol. nauk. – M., 2001.
Asmakovets E.S. Psikhologicheskie faktory i usloviya emotsional'noy gibkosti uchitelya: Avtoref. dis. …
kand. psikhol. nauk. – M., 2000.
Golubeva Ya.V. Psikhologicheskie usloviya i faktory professional'nogo razvitiya spetsialista sluzhby
zanyatosti: Avtoref. dis. … kand. psikhol. nauk. – M., 2006.
Efimova N.S. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti intellektual'noy gibkosti uchitelya: Avtoref. dis. … kand.
psikhol. nauk. – M., 2001.
Kozlova A.V. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti professional'nykh deformatsiy lichnosti prepodavatelya
vysshey shkoly: Avtoref. dis. … kand. psikhol. nauk. – M., 2006.
Kolmakova I.G. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti i usloviya razvitiya polirolevogo povedeniya uchitelya:
Avtoref. dis. … kand. psikhol. nauk. – M., 2008.
Lekareva M.P. Analiz izmeneniy Ya-kontseptsii studentov-psikhologov v protsesse izuch

Abstract: The cultural concept of ‘scenario’ is viewed from a psychological point of view. From this point of view it fixates identities of participants. The study is focused on scenarios of socialization of children of post-soviet emigrants to the USA. Identity, in its turn, defines perception and valuation of events and people around. The identity crisis is caused by unavoidable collision of scenarios typical for American and Russian societies. The author suggests an original technique ‘Family Pattern” for comparison of culturally predetermined family patterns.

Keywords: psychology, scenarios, socialization, identity, emotions, modality

References:
Abul'khanova K.A. Strategiya zhizni. M., 1991.
Bakhtin M.M. Polifoniya v romanakh Dostoevskogo. M., 1979.
Brushlinskiy A.V. Andegraund diamata // Problema sub'ekta psikhologicheskoy nauke. M., 2000.
Druzhinin V.N. Psikhologiya sem'i. Ekaterinburg: Delovaya kniga, 2000.
Kol'tsova V.A. Teoretiko-metodologicheskie osnovy istoriko-psikhologicheskikh issledovaniy. M.: IP
RAN, 2004.
Lotman Yu. Struktura khudozhestvennogo teksta. M., 1970.
Marchenko (Makhovskaya) O. I. Vospriyatie novykh kommunikativnykh sobytiy v usloviyakh oposredovannogo
obshcheniya // Diss. na soisk. st. kand. psikhol. nauk. M., 1994.
Makhovskaya O.I Chelovek pokoleniya “izloma”: opyt nauchnoy identifikatsii // Pro&Contra, Osen', 2001.
Makhovskaya O.I. Izmenenie opyta lichnosti: stsenarii i identichnost'. M.: Sputnik+, 2009.
Rot Yu., Koptel'tseva G., Vstrechi na grani kul'tur. Igry i uprazhneniya dlya mezhkul'turnogo obucheniya.
Kaluga: Poligraf-Inform, 2001.
Sotsializatsiya detey migrantov. Ma

Abstract: The article describes the results of the free associative experiment held between students of Moscow Teachers’ Training University who were specialized in English. Students were given 15 words in both languages. They answered very quickly, without thinking, in a corresponding language. Then the author studied similarities and differences in English and Russian verbal associations and measured how fast the response was. It was concluded that the better a student knew English, the faster his response was while the types of associations used were the same in both languages.

Keywords: psychology, teaching, linguistic potentials, free associative experiment, verbal association, ‘language’ personality, categorical, incidence, possessive

References:
Laboratornye zadaniya po psikhologii (dlya studentov 2 kursa) / pod red. V.I. Il'inoy. M.: MGPIIYa, 1975.
Leont'ev A.A. Obshchie svedeniya ob assotsiatsiyakh i assotsiativnykh normakh // Slovar' assotsiativnykh norm russkogo yazyka. M.: MGU, 1977.
Martinovich G.A. Tipy verbal'nykh svyazey i otnosheniy v assotsiativnom pole // Voprosy psikhologii. 1990. ¹ 2. S. 143-146. 192 s.
Ek, J.A. Objectives for Foreign Language Learning. Volume1: Scope, Strasburg, 1986.

Abstract: The author analyzes the life path of modern leaders and leading professionals. The author studied the following parameters of activity of future leaders in schools and universities: social work, educational activities, out-of-school activities. Then the author compared these parameters with the same parameters of activity of future leading specialists. It is shown that there is no correlation between the form of the chosen career (professional and a leader) and progress in studies but there is a certain correlation between future specialists’ choice and active social work in schools and universities. Surprisingly, it has been found out that future professionals are usually more active and socially successful during their studies while future leaders are less active in their social life and social work. The author also explained the phenomenon mentioned above.

Keywords: psychology, management, social work, life path, personality, tike, activity, labor, education, profession

References:
Abul'khanova K.A., Berezina T.N. Vremya lichnosti i vremya zhizni. SPb: «Aleteyya», 2001. 304 s.
Anan'ev B.G. O problemakh sovremennogo chelovekoznaniya. M., 1977. 360 s.
Antsyferova L.I. Psikhologiya povsednevnosti: zhiznennyy mir lichnosti i «tekhniki» ee bytiya // Psikhol. zhurn. 1993. T. 14. ¹ 2. S. 3-17.
Kon I.S. Zhiznennyy put' cheloveka kak predmet mezhdistsiplinarnogo issledovaniya // Chelovek v sisteme nauk. M., 1989. s. 471-483.
Koen E. Novoe iskusstvo lidera. M., 2005.
Stil' zhizni lichnosti: Teoreticheskie i metodologicheskie problemy. Kiev, 1982.
Teylor F. Menedzhment. M., 1992.
Tome G. Teoreticheskie i empiricheskie osnovy psikhologii razvitiya chelovecheskoy zhizni // Printsip razvitiya v psikhologii. M.: Nauka, 1978. s. 173-196.
Sheynov V.P. Psikhologiya liderstva, vliyaniya, vlasti. Minsk: Kharvest, 2008. 992 s.
Buhler C., Massarik K (ed). The Course of Human Life: a Study of Goals in the Humanistic Perspective. 1968, NY, Springer.
Erikson E.H. Enfance

Abstract: Development of methods of field experiment resulted in principals and methods of evaluating socially significant projects applicable to life. “Sesame Street” project is a TV project as long as life. It is shown how methods of evaluating this project have been changing throughout almost 40 years.

Keywords: psychology, evaluation methods, effectiveness, education, project, social, skills, literacy, teleproduction

References: