Review: The subject under research is the mental representations, evaluations and stereotypes constituting the
general image of the ethnic Other in public consciousness. This image is reconstructed through successive fragmentation
and description of semantic interactions between attributes relevant to different social roles that may
be performed by a representative of the other ethnicity; discovery of the latent factors conditioning the perception of different ethnic images; construction of semantic spaces visualizing categorical structures of the consciousness/
mentality of social groups of different gender, age and region of residence. With the help of the psychosemantic
questionnaire developed on the basis of a modifi ed variant of the multiple identifi cation method,
semantic differential and repertory grids, 240 people living in the four regions of Russia (the Altai Krai, Omsk
Region, Krasnoyarsk Krai and Altai Republic). The role positions included: a signifi cant other of another nationality
(a fried or a family member), a representative of another nationality that was born and has been living
in the region all this time, a person of another nationality who had to come from another county (a refugee), a
foreigner who came to work legally or illegally (a migrant worker), a representative of another nationality who
came for educational or cultural purposes (a student, a tourist or a trainee). The reference category was the ‘native
resident of Russia’. The received data was evaluated according to the bipolar scales. After that data was
analyzed by the means of the variance, correlation, factor and cluster analysis. The results of the research have
shown that the image of the ethnic ‘other’ in the Russian mentality consisted mostly of the negative stereotypes
projected on representatives of other nationalities. The content of these stereotypes related to, fi rst of all, evaluation
of the potential risk and the threat to national security, ethnic confl icts and tension, social inequality and
low cultural or intellectual level. The infl uence of these stereotypes is less in close interpersonal relations and
is more for a lower social status of illegal immigrants. Self-perception of Russian citizens is rather contradictory.
On one hand, native residents of Russia are viewed paternalistically and from the position of their national
uniqueness and superiority. On the other hand, they demonstrate a low self-esteem which is usually caused by
the low standard of their living and legal and moral disadvantages. Despite general semantic perception mechanisms,
regional mentalities are signifi cantly differentiated which is refl ected in social images and stereotypes
demonstrated by local residents.
Keywords: International interaction, public consciousness, mental representations, ethnic stereotypes, nationalism, migration, psychosemantics, image of the ethnic other, national consciousness, national security.
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Burd'e, P. Sotsiologiya sotsial'nogo prostranstva / P. Burd'e / Per. s fr., obshch. red. N.A. Shmatko.-SPb.: Aleteyya; M.: In-t eksperim.sotsiologii : Aleteyya, 2005. – 288 s.
Berger, P. Sotsial'noe konstruirovanie real'nosti / P. Berger, T. Lukman. –M., «Medium», 1995. – 323 s.
Bauman, Z. Myslit' sotsiologicheski / Z. Bauman/ Per. s angl. pod red. A.F. Filippova. – M., Aspekt Press, 1996. – 255 s.
Artem'eva, E.Yu. Osnovy psikhologii sub'ektivnoy semantiki / pod red. I.B. Khaninoy. – M.: Nauka; Smysl, 1999. – 350 s.
Ageev, B.C . Mezhgruppovoe vzaimodeystvie: sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie problemy. –M.: Izd-vo Mosk. un-ta, 1990. – S.134–158.
Anderson, B. Voobrazhaemye soobshchestva. Razmyshleniya ob istokakh i rasprostranenii natsionalizma / B. Anderson. – M.: Kanon-press, 2001. – 288 s.
Berezina T.N. O psikhicheskikh obrazakh vysshikh poryadkov // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika.-2012.-¹2.-C. 77-105. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0425.2012.2.169. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_169.html.
References (transliteration):
Berezina T.N. O psikhicheskikh obrazakh vysshikh poryadkov // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika.-2012.-2.-C. 77-105. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0425.2012.2.169. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_169.html
I. A. Trifonova Vneshnyaya politika Rossii i formirovanie pozitivnogo obraza rossiyskogo gosudarstva // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2011.-5.-C. 115-125.
Wexler P., Citizenship in the Semiotic Society. In: B. Turner (ed.) Theories of Modernity and Postmodernity, London, Sage, 1990.
Volokh V.A., Suvorova V.A. Kontseptsiya gosudarstvennoy migratsionnoy politiki Rossii – osnova migratsionnoy bezopasnosti strany // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'.-2013.-3.-C. 1-16. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_713.html
Schlesinger, P. Media, the Political Order, and national Identity // Media, Culture and Society. 1991. Vol. 13
Osgood, C.E., Suci, G.J., Tannenbaum, P.H. (1957). The measurement of meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Painter, J. Empire and citizenship // ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies. – 2003. – ¹2.– S.248-253.
Kymlicka, W. Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1995.
Jenkins R. Social Identity. London; New York, 1996.
Kelly, G. (1955) The psychology of personal construct. New York: Norton.
Jacqueline J. Meulman, Anita J. Van der Kooij, Willem J. Heiser, Principal Components Analysis With Nonlinear Optimal Scaling Transformations for Ordinal and Nominal Data // The Sage Handbook of Quantitative Methodology for the Social Sciences / ed. Davis Kaplan. 2004. Pp. 49-70.
Hastings, A. The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion and Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Foster, R. The commercial construction of new nations // Journal of Material Culture. 1999. Vol.4. P.263-282.
Greenfeld, L. Nationalism in Western and Eastern Europe Compared // Can Europe Work? Germany and the Reconstruction of Postcommunist Societies / S. E. Hanson, W. Spohn (Eds.). London: University of Washington Press, 1995.
Falk R. The Making of Global Citizenship. In: B. van Steerberger (ed.) The Condition of Citizenship, London, Sage, 1994.
Barth F. Introduction // Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organisation of Culture Difference / F. Barth (Ed.). London; Bergen, 1969. – P. 14.
Billig M. Banal Nationalism. London, 1995.
Billing, M. Banal Nationalism. London: Sage Publications, 1995.
Shnirel'man, V.A. «Chistil'shchiki» moskovskikh ulits: skinkhedy, SMI i obshchestvennoe mnenie / V.A. Shnirel'man. – M., Moskovskoe byuro po pravam cheloveka, 2007. – 116 c.
Chernobrov, D.V. Evolyutsiya «obraza drugogo» v konfliktakh sovremennosti: konstruktivistskiy podkhod / D.V. Chernobrov // Vestnik MGIMO. – 2012.-¹6. – S.47-54.
Khabermas, Yu. Postnatsional'naya konstellyatsiya i budushchee demokratii / Yu. Khabermas // Logos. – 2003.– ¹4-5 (39). – S. 132.
Khobsbaum, E. Natsii i natsionalizm posle 1780 g. / E.Khobsbaum. – SPb., 1998. – 276 c.
Tishkov, V.A. SMI i ksenofobiya [Elektronnyy resurs]/ V.A. Tishkov. – 2008. –Rezhim dostupa: http://www.etnograf.ru/node/15.-Zagl. s ekrana.
Prays, M. Televidenie, kommunikatsii i perekhodnyy period: pravo, obshchestvo i natsional'naya identichnost' / M.Prays. – M.. 2000. – 336 s.
Rebeko, T.A. Pertseptivnye invarianty i ikh uchastie v zadache kategorizatsii / T.A. Rebeko // Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. – 1998. – ¹1. – S.116-126.
Stefanenko T. G. Sotsial'nye stereotipy i mezhetnicheskie ot¬nosheniya // Obshchenie i optimizatsiya sovmestnoy deyatel'nosti / Pod red. G.M.Andreevoy, Ya.Yanousheka. M.: Izd-vo Mosk. un-ta, 1987. – S.242-250.
Petrenko, V.F. Mitina O.V. Psikhosemanticheskoe issledovanie politicheskogo mentaliteta / V.F. Petrenko, O.V. Mitina // Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost'. – 1994. – ¹ 6. – S. 44.
Petrenko, V.F. Osnovy psikhosemantiki / V.F. Petrenko. – M., Izdatel'stvo MGU, 1997. Shmelev, A.G. Vvedenie v eksperimental'nuyu psikhosemantiku: teoretiko-metodologicheskie osnovaniya i psikhodiagnosticheskie vozmozhnosti / A.G. Shmelev. – M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1983. – 157s.
Mitina, O.V., Krosskul'turnoe issledovanie stereotipov zhenskogo povedeniya (na materiale Rossii i SShA) / O.V. Mitina, V.F. Petrenko //Voprosy psikhologii –2000. – ¹2. – S.68-86.
Kozyrev, G.I. «Vrag»? (obraz vraga) v obshchestvennykh i politicheskikh otnosheniyakh / G.I. Kozyrev // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. – 2008.-¹ 1. – C.31-39.
Koroteeva, V. V. Sushchestvuyut li obshchepriznannye istiny o natsionalizme? / V.V. Koroteeva // Pro et Contra.-1997.-T. 2.-¹ 3. – C.185-203/
Kalkhun, K. Natsionalizm / K. Kalkhun; per. s angl. A. Smirnova. – M. : ID «Territoriya budushchego».– M., 2006. – S.32-33.
Kagan, V. Homo Xenophobicus: psikhologiya "svoego i chuzhogo" [Elektronnyy resurs] / V.Kagan// Rezhim dostupa: http//www.lebed.comart2121.htm
Gudkov L. Ideologema "vraga" // Gudkov L. Negativnaya identichnost': Stat'i 1997–2002 godov. – M., 2004. – 816 c.
Zdravomyslov, A.G. Etnichnost' i etnicheskoe nasilie: protivostoyanie teoreticheskikh paradigm / A.G. Zdravomyslov, A.A. Tsutsiev // Sotsiologicheskiy zhurnal. – 2003.-¹3. – S.20-21.
Burd'e, P. Sotsiologiya sotsial'nogo prostranstva / P. Burd'e / Per. s fr., obshch. red. N.A. Shmatko.-SPb.: Aleteyya; M.: In-t eksperim.sotsiologii : Aleteyya, 2005. – 288 s.
Berger, P. Sotsial'noe konstruirovanie real'nosti / P. Berger, T. Lukman. –M., «Medium», 1995. – 323 s.
Bauman, Z. Myslit' sotsiologicheski / Z. Bauman/ Per. s angl. pod red. A.F. Filippova. – M., Aspekt Press, 1996. – 255 s.
Artem'eva, E.Yu. Osnovy psikhologii sub'ektivnoy semantiki / pod red. I.B. Khaninoy. – M.: Nauka; Smysl, 1999. – 350 s.
Ageev, B.C . Mezhgruppovoe vzaimodeystvie: sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie problemy. –M.: Izd-vo Mosk. un-ta, 1990. – S.134–158.
Anderson, B. Voobrazhaemye soobshchestva. Razmyshleniya ob istokakh i rasprostranenii natsionalizma / B. Anderson. – M.: Kanon-press, 2001. – 288 s.
Berezina T.N. O psikhicheskikh obrazakh vysshikh poryadkov // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika.-2012.-¹2.-C. 77-105. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0425.2012.2.169. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_169.html.
Eng
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