Abstract: The subject of this research is ethical, socio-psychological, and legal problems arising in the process of medical-genetic counseling. It is demonstrated that medical-genetic counseling forms in the context of intertwinement of different social factors, and is a complex communicative process that involves scientists, medical doctors, patients, and their relatives in various forms of relationships. It is associated with myths and biases, as well as personal attitudes that distort the information about the diagnosis. It also transforms in the course of technological development. Description is given to the difficulties faced by the geneticist that affect the counseling process. The article demonstrates the peculiarities of family psychodynamics that determine the way of perception of genetic information. It is also indicated that genetic testing is aimed not only at personality of the patient, but may touch upon a wide range of relations: with relatives and friends, employers, and other interested parties. At the same time, the distribution of information on the risks of the disease may instigate discrimination against a person, stigmatization and elimination of a number of social opportunities, namely related to their professional activity. Genetic information pertains not only to physicality of an individual, but also to social body; affect the interests of the family and people living in a certain territory; bearers of common genetic information; as well as employers, insurers, etc. The conclusion is made that the process of genetic counseling based on the basic bioethical principles of autonomy, benevolence, justice, and informed consent requires additional interpretation. Based on consideration of incident A. Jolie and ethical analysis of the possibility of polygenic embryonic screening, the author reveals the peculiarities of perception of genetic information and its personal interpretation, which cause realization of the new types of responsibility in the process of genetic counseling, where the geneticist deals not with the establishment of diagnosis (fact), but with the likelihood of development of a particular pathology (prognosis).

Keywords: medical confidentiality, genetic information, genetic counseling, polygenic screening, prenatal diagnosis, medical genetic counseling, genetisation, ethics of genetics, genetic technology, genetic prognosis

References:
Ivanyushkin A.Ya., Popova O.V., Lapin Yu.E., Smirnov I. E. Metodologicheskie voprosy razrabotki eticheskogo kodeksa vracha-genetika // Rossiyskiy pediatricheskiy zhurnal. 2013. ¹ 5. S. 57–62.
Guzeev G.G. Aktual'nye problemy mediko-geneticheskogo konsul'tirovaniya // Osnovy prenatal'noy diagnostiki / pod red. E. V. Yudinoy i M.V. Medvedeva M.: RAVUZDPG; Real'noe vremya, 2002. S. 153-174.
Bekon, Frensis. Novyy organon nauk = Novum organum scientiarum / Frantsisk Bekon Verulamskiy; per. S. Krasil'shchikova, vstup. i predisl. Ya. Borovskogo; Rossiyskaya akad. nauk, In-t filosofii. Moskva: Kanon+, 2016. 351 s.
Dheensa S., Crawford G. et al. How do clinical genetics consent forms address the familial approach to confidentiality and incidental findings? A mixed-methods study // Familial cancer. 2018. Vol. 17, N 1. P. 155–166. P. 157.
Geneticheskie testy dlya zdorov'ya. [Elektronnyy istochnik]-Rezhim dostupa: https://rm.coe.int/1680458010
Presimptomaticheskoe testirovanie nasledstvennykh onkologicheskikh zabolevaniy. Informats

Abstract:  
The author underlines that currently the majority of citizens in the Republic of Abkhazia have also have citizenship of foreign state. The object of this research is the analysis of loyalty to the Republic of Abkhazia of its citizens who have foreign citizenship alongside the identification of factors that affect it. The subject is the international treaties and normative legal acts of the Republic of Abkhazia that regulate the questions of dual citizenship and predetermine the loyalty of the dual citizenship holders pertinent to the Republic of Abkhazia, as well as works of the scholars dedicated to the question of loyalty of the dual citizens. Special relevance is given by the fact that the project of agreement of the Republic of Abkhazia and Russian Federation about the regulation of dual citizenship issues is currently at the stage of approval. Conclusions drawn in the course of this research could be used in formulation and signing of the indicated international treaty. Based on the existing scientific views, the author attempted to provide characteristic to the category of loyalty, define loyalty as a component of citizenship, highlight the categories of dual citizens in the Republic of Abkhazia along with the factors that can affect their loyalty, as well as make a suggestion on how the loyalty of dual citizenship holders is taken into account in terms of establishment in legislation of the Republic of Abkhazia of the admissible cases of dual citizenship (dual citizenship de jure).
 

Keywords: Citizenship of the Russian Federation, Citizenship, Legislation of the Republic of Abkhazia, Dual citizenship de facto, Dual citizenship de jure, Dual citizenship, Patriotism, Republic of Abkhazia, Dual citizenship holders, Loyalty

References:
Veyl' P. Grazhdanstvo i natsional'nost'. // Vestnik Evropy. 2005. ¹ 15. – S.
Vinokurov A.A. Razvitie instituta grazhdanstva: sovremennye tendentsii i konstitutsionno-pravovoy opyt Rossii: avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk: M., 2006. – 31 s.
Bol'shoy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar'. pod red. A.M. Prokhorova. M.: Norint, 2004. – 1456s.
Belov V.A. Dvoynoe grazhdanstvo i problema loyal'nosti //Pravovedenie. 2002. ¹ 2 (241). – S. 157-161.
Bogatova O.A. Etnicheskaya, religioznaya i grazhdanskaya identichnost' v regione //Regionologiya. 2009. ¹ 3. – S. 45-56.
Bogatova O.A. Etnoregional'noa i natsional'no-grazhdanskaya iedntifikatsiya v strukture sotsial'noy identichnosti naseleniya Respubliki Mordoviya. // Vlast'. 2011. ¹ 5. S. 110-115.
Bartsits I.N. Strana, grazhdanin, vlast' – tri elementa sovremennogo Abkhazskogo gosudarstva.// Kavkazskiy nauchnyy vestnik, 1(2). – 2010. – S. 85-107.
Barabashin M.Yu. Osnovnye teorii natsionalizma v zapadnom politicheskom diskurse. //Gumanitarnaya mysl' Yuga

Abstract: The subject of this research is the professional self-identification of high school students, as well as the issues of professional orientation support. The author also touches upon the problems of problems of professional orientation work in Russia. There is an acute necessity for preparation of the self-determining personality to an independent and conscious choice of career under the changing circumstances. The project “Academy of Power” implemented in Ural Federal University can be considered an attempt to establish the system of values and search of the meaning of a specific professional labor among the modern high school graduates. The content of the educational plan, various types of professional probes and forms of classes caused interest of the audience of “Academy of Power”. Classes on professional orientation have gained special importance among the students. Getting familiar with the system of state and municipal administration and communication with the professional allow the students to understand the essence of such activity more clearly. Professional orientation work is based on the principles of humanistic psychology, as well as techniques of activation professional and personal growth. Listeners of the “Academy of Power” underline the following essential features: the quality of education; help in professional self-determination; professionalism of the educators; forms of classes; friendly atmosphere in groups, and teamwork.

Keywords: Values of professional labor, Activation of personal growth, State administration, Professional probes, Professional training, Humanistic psychology, Testing, Survey, Professional self-determination, Professional orientation

References:
Bendyukov M.A., Solomin I.L. Dialogi o vybore professii. SPb.: Izdatel'skiy dom «Rost», 2001. 336 S.
Rogov E.I. Nastol'naya kniga prakticheskogo psikhologa v obrazovanii. M.: «Vlados», 1996. 527 S.
Rodzhers K. R. Vzglyad na psikhoterapiyu. Stanovlenie cheloveka. M.: Izdatel'skaya gruppa «Progress», «Univers», 1994. 480 S.
Pryazhnikova E.Yu. Psikhologiya truda: teoriya i praktika. M.: Yurayt, 2012. 520 S.
Metodicheskie ukazaniya po ispol'zovaniyu avtomatizirovannoy sistemy kompleksnogo psikhologicheskogo obsledovaniya uchashchikhsya 8-11 klassov «Vypusknik-1» Nezavisimyy Tsentr issledovaniya i korrektsii cheloveka «TsIK AleKoN». SPb., 2011. 66 S.
Rezapkina G.V. V poiskakh orientirov. Materialy 11 Vserossiyskogo soveshchaniya «Professional'naya orientatsiya i professional'noe samoopredelenie v sovremennoy Rossii: zadachi, soderzhanie, tekhnologii» 12-13 noyabrya 2013 g. M.: Federal'nyy institut razvitiya obrazovaniya, Tsentr professional'nogo obrazovaniya. S. 33-38.
Pryazhnikova E.Yu., P

Abstract: The object of this article is the anomie, while the subject id the risks of the moral-ethical value anomie. The author examines the crisis of cultural values, processes of spiritual depletion and dehumanization. The interdependency of the cultural and ethnical components of the society from the multiple factors of various level of influence is being traced. A special accent is made on the importance of the role of ideology and national idea in the establishment of an individual and collective moral consciousness. Due to the particular relevance of this problem, it is underlined that there is a need for its further research by the entire complex of socio-humanitarian knowledge. Scientific novelty consists in the substantiation of the thesis on interdependency of the state of cultural-ethnical norms from the socioeconomic, political, and ideological processes. The problematics of the article allows making the following conclusions: 1) the risks of cultural anomie are in need of a comprehensive examination; 2) the study of the causes that lead to various forms of cultural and ethnical deviations require a special attention.  

Keywords: conformism, marginalization, crisis of values, anomie, value, culture, spirituality, deviation, risk, pathology

References:
Bakshtanovskiy V. I., Sogomonov Yu. V. Sotsiologiya morali: normativno-tsennostnye sistemy // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2003. ¹ 5. S. 12.
Bauman Z. Individualizirovannoe obshchestvo. M.: Logos, 2002. 390s.
Matveev P. E. Moral'nye tsennosti. Vladimir: Izd-vo Vladimirskogo gosud. un-ta, 2004. 190s.
Merton R. K. Sotsial'naya struktura i anomiya // Sotsiologiya prestupnosti (Sovremennye burzhuaznye teorii). M.: Progress, 1996. S. 299-313.
Pletnev A. V. Krizis liberal'nykh tsennostey kak faktor anomii v sovremennom obshchestve // Izvestiya gosped. un-ta im. A. I. Gertsena. 2010. ¹ 124. S. 353-356.
Fromm.E. Zdorovoe obshchestvo. M.: Izd-vo AST, 2005. 294s.
Fromm E. Psikhoanaliz i religiya // Sumerki bogov. M., 1989. S. 148.
Tsvetaeva N. N. Tsennosti v biograficheskom diskurse: ot romantizma k pragmatizmu // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2005. ¹
S. 118. 9. Malinovskaya I. Anomiya i potrebitel'stvo kak kharakteristiki obshchestva riska [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http:/

Abstract: The article is devoted to overcoming the traditional conservative culture represented by the members of the Russian society. The author of the article lists particular methods of overcoming it such as mechanisms of socialization, self-actualization and growth of social motivation and acquiring a skill of articulation of social requests. The author describes the socialization conception as a strategic element of modern socio-cultural policy. The author also analyzes modern values and beliefs increasing the role and status of human being as well as the principles of ‘constitutionalization’ of human resources. The author underlines that the central zone of socio-cultural values has its own peculiarities in each society and therefore it is important to keep that in mind when implementing a particular model of socialization.

Keywords: Socialization, socio-cultural status of a citizen, human resources, everyday life, self-actualization, living standards, quality of life, life world, modern social standards.

References:
Kh'ell L., Zigler D. Teorii lichnosti. 3-e izd. SPb.: Piter, 2006 13.Kh'ell L., Zigler D. Teorii lichnosti. 3-e izd. SPb.: Piter, 2006 Shchuplenkov O.V., Shchuplenkov N.O. Politicheskaya sotsializatsiya i identichnost' v usloviyakh transformatsii rossiyskogo obshchestva // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-¹6.-C. 1-58. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_724.html
Prava cheloveka i sotsial'noe gosudarstvo. Prichiny i usloviya formirovaniya sotsial'nogo gosudarstva // Prava cheloveka. M. 1998. S. 197.
Berger P., Berger G., Kollinz R. Lichnostno-orientirovannaya sotsiologiya. M. 2004. S. 76.
Orlova E.A. Obydennaya kul'tura: organizatsionnye formy // Struktura kul'tury i chelovek v sovremennom obshchestve. M. 1987. S. 138.
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Allport G.W. Pattern and growth in personality. New York. 1961.
Bandura A. Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall. 1977.
Erikson E. Life history and the historical moment. New Yo

Abstract: This work is an attempt to analyze various forms of spiritual life of the individual within the modern municipal environment, accenting on the fact that “municipal culture” is not only an element of normative and values system of the society, but an integral component, building itself into a complex system of public relations.

Keywords: Sociology, life, municipal, culture, society, values, tradition, hermeneutics, images, symbols

References:
Rozin V.M. Sovremennaya kul'turologiya: problemy formirovaniya i metodologicheskiy ideal // Lichnost'. Kul'tura. Obshchestvo. M., 2005. Vyp. I. S. 127-145.
Lapin N.I. Antroposotsietal'nyy podkhod: metodologicheskie osnovaniya, sotsiologicheskie izmereniya // Voprosy filosofii. 2005. ¹ 2. S. 17-29.
Rutkevich M.N. Vosproizvodstvo naseleniya i sotsial'no-demograficheskaya situatsiya v Rossii // Sotsiol. issledovaniya. 2005. ¹ 7. S. 22-30.
Yanitskiy O.N. Rossiya kak ekosistema // Sotsiol. issledovaniya. 2005. ¹ 7. S. 84-94.
Liotar Zh.-F. Sostoyanie postmoderna / Per. s fr. M., 1998.
Bachinin V.A. Antroposotsiologiya i metafizika portreta // Chelovek. 2004. ¹ 4.
Burd'e P. Nachala / Per. s fr. M., 1994.
Gorelov A.A., Gorelova T.A. «Rasshcheplennyy» chelovek i ideya Vseedinstva // Chelovek. 2004. ¹ 5.
Gutsalenko L.A. Nuzhna li sotsiologii zhizni zhivaya lichnost' // Sotsiol. issledovaniya. 2003. ¹ 10.
Lapaeva V.V. Sotsiologiya prava. Istoriya i sovremennost' // Sotsiol. issledovan