Review: All the variety of social theories can be conditionally divided into the two groups depending on what they view as the priority. There have been social philosophers who base their theories on the main provision that the main value is the society but not an individual or personality. Such philosophers believed that the entire social organization may break down if we give free rein to particular personalities. This was the same reason why Plato was so concerned about an ‘established order’ which should be followed by people in his ‘ideal state’. However, there are social philosophers, mostly existential ones, who put personality but not society in the 􀏔irst place. They believe that the history is made by personalities. The author of the present article compares these two approaches and describes positive and negative sides of both. The author bases his research on the methodology of social philosophy and methods of analysis of social dynamics mechanisms. At the same time, the author also applies methods of philosophical anthropology. The novelty of the article is in describing a fundamental different of the above mentioned two approaches based, in particular, on researches of a famous American sociologist Edward Tiryakian. At the same time, the author also tries to describe the main trends in modern social philosophy and social studies. She underlines that rights of an individual and society can be fully recovered only by the common efforts of both social studies and philosophy.

Keywords: philosophy, social studies, society, social world, human, personality, existence, existentialism, individual.

References:
Gurevich P.S. Ocherki sotsiologii dukha // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. № 3. S. 111-115.
Gurevich P.S. Postizhenie cheloveka cherez artefakty kul'tury // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. № 6. S. 916-918.
Lippman U. Publichnaya filosofiya. M., 2004.
Mankheym Karl. Izbrannoe. Diagnoz nashego vremeni. M., 2010.
Marsel' Gabriel'. O smelosti v metafizike. SPb., 2012.
Mezhuev V.M. Istoriya, tsivilizatsiya, kul'tura. Opyt filosofskogo istolkovaniya. SPb., 2011.
Spirova E.M. Simvol v kontekste istoricheskogo opyta // Znanie. Ponimanie. Umenie. 2011. № 1. S. 225-230.
Shevchenko V.N. Zachem nuzhna obshchestvu publichnaya filosofii // Filosofskiy zhurnal. 2014. № 1. S. 6-17.
Tiryackian Edward A., Sociologism and Existentialism. Two Perspectives on the Individual and Society. N.Y., 1962.

References (transliteration):
Gurevich P.S. Ocherki sotsiologii dukha // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. № 3. S. 111-115.
Gurevich P.S. Postizhenie cheloveka cherez artefakty kul'tury // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2014. № 6. S. 916-918.
Lippman U. Publichnaya filosofiya. M., 2004.
Mankheym Karl. Izbrannoe. Diagnoz nashego vremeni. M., 2010.
Marsel' Gabriel'. O smelosti v metafizike. SPb., 2012.
Mezhuev V.M. Istoriya, tsivilizatsiya, kul'tura. Opyt filosofskogo istolkovaniya. SPb., 2011.
Spirova E.M. Simvol v kontekste istoricheskogo opyta // Znanie. Ponimanie. Umenie. 2011. № 1. S. 225-230.
Shevchenko V.N. Zachem nuzhna obshchestvu publichnaya filosofii // Filosofskiy zhurnal. 2014. № 1. S. 6-17.
Tiryackian Edward A., Sociologism and Existentialism. Two Perspectives on the Individual and Society. N.Y., 1962.

Review: From the point of view of interactions between the system ‘human within nature’ and ‘nature within human’ fresh water is viewed as a nano-fundation for human health and existence. The author touches upon an escalated scientific and social need in creation of an integral natural philosophical nano-conception of water covering all the aspects of today’s global problems of human and humankind, first of all, the problem of health and healthy life style in an information-based society.

Keywords: teaching, science, human, water, water solutions, autonomous isotopy of hydrogenium and oxygen, light water and its biological features, water and human health.

References:
1. Abdumalikov R.A., Rolik I.S., Sedysheva Ya.N., Simonishvili M.O. Peptidoterapiya: klinicheskoe primenenie. M.: RegBioMed, 2010.
2. Andreev I.L. Presnaya voda kak global'naya sotsial'naya problema // Voprosy filosofii. 2010. № 12. S. 55-67.
3. Andreev I.L. Chelovek i bakterial'nyy mir: problemy vzaimodeystviya // Vestnik RAN. 2009. № 1.
4. Andreev I.L., Berezantsev A.Yu. Vzaimosvyaz' somaticheskogo i psikhicheskogo zdorov'ya cheloveka // Chelovek. 2010. № 2.
5. Andreev I.L., Rakhmanin Yu.A. Mat' i matritsa zhizni // Ekologiya i zhizn'. 2006. № 5.
6. Baevskiy R.M., Grigor'ev A.I. Kosmicheskaya meditsina i zdorov'e cheloveka. M.: IMBL, 2007.
7. Buchachenko A.L. Magnitnaya izotopiya: novye gorizonty // Vestnik RAN. 2010. № 2. S. 197.
8. Buchachenko A.L. Novaya izotopiya v khimii i biokhimii. M.: Nauka, 2007.
9. Buchachenko A.L., Kuznetsov D.A. Yaderno-magnitnoe upravlenie sintezom energonositeley v zhivykh organizmakh // Vestnik RAN. 2008. № 7.
10. Vernadskiy V.I. Istoriya prirodnykh vod. M.: Nauka, 2003.
11. Voda – kosmicheskoe yavlenie. Kooperativnye svoystva. Biologicheskaya aktivnost' / Pod red. Yu.A. Rakhmanina, V.K. Kondratova. M.: RAMN, 2002.
12. Vorontsov I.V., Zhilyaev E.G., Karpov V.N., Ushakov I.B. Malye radiatsionnye vozdeystviya i zdorov'e cheloveka (Ocherki sistemnogo analiza). M.-Voronezh: Voronezhskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, 2002.
13. Ganelin V.G., Chto takoe zhizn' s tochki zreniya geologa. Perechityvaya V.I. Vernadskogo. // Voprosy filosofii. 2009. № 6.
14. Grigor'ev A.I., Sinyak Yu.E. Optimal'nyy izotopnyy sostav biogennykh khimicheskikh elementov na bortu pilotiruemykh kosmicheskikh apparatov // Aviakosmicheskaya i ekologicheskaya meditsina. 1996. № 4. S. 27-30.
15. Zavarzin G.A. Nedarvinovskaya oblast' evolyutsii // Vestnik RAN. 2000. № 5. S. 404.
16. Malakhov V.V. Velikiy simbioz: proiskhozhdenie eukariotnoy kletki // V mire nauki. 2004. № 2.
17. Matyukhin V.A., Razumov A.N. Ekologicheskaya fiziologiya cheloveka i vosstanovitel'naya meditsina. M.: Meditsina, 2009.
18. Mukhachev V.M. Zhivaya voda. M.: Nauka, 1975.
19. Nepomnyashchikh V.A. Kletochnye bioregulyatory v kompleksnoy terapii glaznykh bolezney. M.: RegBioMed, 2010.
20. Oleskin A.V. Neyrokhimiya i simbioticheskaya mikroflora cheloveka: biopoliticheskie aspekty // Vestnik RAN. 2009. № 5.
21. Rakitov A.I. Nauka i naukovedenie XXI veka // Vestnik RAN. 2003. № 2. S. 133.
22. Sinyak Yu.E. Aktovaya rech'. Sistemy zhizneobespecheniya obitaemykh kosmicheskikh ob'ektov. M.: IBMP RAN, 2008.
23. Sinyak Yu.E., Goldymov V.B., Grigor'ev A.I., Gus'kova E.I. Patent na izobretenie № 2182562 «Sposob polucheniya biologicheski aktivnoy pit'evoy vody s ponizhennym soderzhaniem deyteriya i ustroystvo dlya ee polucheniya». M., 2002.
24. Sinyak Yu.E., Grigor'ev A.I., Skuratov V.M., Ivanova S.M., Pokrovskiy B.G. Fraktsionirovanie stabil'nykh izotopov vodoroda v organizme cheloveka v usloviyakh germokamery // Aviakosmicheskaya i ekologicheskaya meditsina. 2006. № 5. S. 38-41.
25. Sinyak Yu.E., Rakov D.V. Perspektivy ispol'zovaniya vody s izmenennym izotopnym sostavom v meditsine // Aviakosmicheskaya i ekologicheskaya meditsina. 2007. № 6/1. S. 57.
26. Stepanov E.V.. Opredelenie izotopicheskogo sootnosheniya ugleroda S-13/S-12 v vydykhaemoy dvuokisi ugleroda metodami diodnoy lazernoy spektroskopii // Trudy Instituta obshchey fiziki RAN. Tom 61. M.: Nauka, 2005. S. 211-252.
27. Ushakov I.B., Karpov V.N. Mozg i radiatsiya. M.: izd-vo GNIII i KM, 1997.
28. Ferronskiy V.I., Polyakov V.A. Izotopiya gidrosfery Zemli. M.: Nauchnyy mir, 2009.
29. Shvartsev S.V. S chego nachalas' global'naya evolyutsiya? // Vestnik RAN. 2010. № 3. S. 235-236.
30. Shenderov B.A. Funktsional'noe pitanie i ego rol' v profilaktike metabolicheskogo sindroma. M.: DeLi print, 2008.

References (transliteration):
1. Abdumalikov R.A., Rolik I.S., Sedysheva Ya.N., Simonishvili M.O. Peptidoterapiya: klinicheskoe primenenie. M.: RegBioMed, 2010.
2. Andreev I.L. Presnaya voda kak global'naya sotsial'naya problema // Voprosy filosofii. 2010. № 12. S. 55-67.
3. Andreev I.L. Chelovek i bakterial'nyy mir: problemy vzaimodeystviya // Vestnik RAN. 2009. № 1.
4. Andreev I.L., Berezantsev A.Yu. Vzaimosvyaz' somaticheskogo i psikhicheskogo zdorov'ya cheloveka // Chelovek. 2010. № 2.
5. Andreev I.L., Rakhmanin Yu.A. Mat' i matritsa zhizni // Ekologiya i zhizn'. 2006. № 5.
6. Baevskiy R.M., Grigor'ev A.I. Kosmicheskaya meditsina i zdorov'e cheloveka. M.: IMBL, 2007.
7. Buchachenko A.L. Magnitnaya izotopiya: novye gorizonty // Vestnik RAN. 2010. № 2. S. 197.
8. Buchachenko A.L. Novaya izotopiya v khimii i biokhimii. M.: Nauka, 2007.
9. Buchachenko A.L., Kuznetsov D.A. Yaderno-magnitnoe upravlenie sintezom energonositeley v zhivykh organizmakh // Vestnik RAN. 2008. № 7.
10. Vernadskiy V.I. Istoriya prirodnykh vod. M.: Nauka, 2003.
11. Voda – kosmicheskoe yavlenie. Kooperativnye svoystva. Biologicheskaya aktivnost' / Pod red. Yu.A. Rakhmanina, V.K. Kondratova. M.: RAMN, 2002.
12. Vorontsov I.V., Zhilyaev E.G., Karpov V.N., Ushakov I.B. Malye radiatsionnye vozdeystviya i zdorov'e cheloveka (Ocherki sistemnogo analiza). M.-Voronezh: Voronezhskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, 2002.
13. Ganelin V.G., Chto takoe zhizn' s tochki zreniya geologa. Perechityvaya V.I. Vernadskogo. // Voprosy filosofii. 2009. № 6.
14. Grigor'ev A.I., Sinyak Yu.E. Optimal'nyy izotopnyy sostav biogennykh khimicheskikh elementov na bortu pilotiruemykh kosmicheskikh apparatov // Aviakosmicheskaya i ekologicheskaya meditsina. 1996. № 4. S. 27-30.
15. Zavarzin G.A. Nedarvinovskaya oblast' evolyutsii // Vestnik RAN. 2000. № 5. S. 404.
16. Malakhov V.V. Velikiy simbioz: proiskhozhdenie eukariotnoy kletki // V mire nauki. 2004. № 2.
17. Matyukhin V.A., Razumov A.N. Ekologicheskaya fiziologiya cheloveka i vosstanovitel'naya meditsina. M.: Meditsina, 2009.
18. Mukhachev V.M. Zhivaya voda. M.: Nauka, 1975.
19. Nepomnyashchikh V.A. Kletochnye bioregulyatory v kompleksnoy terapii glaznykh bolezney. M.: RegBioMed, 2010.
20. Oleskin A.V. Neyrokhimiya i simbioticheskaya mikroflora cheloveka: biopoliticheskie aspekty // Vestnik RAN. 2009. № 5.
21. Rakitov A.I. Nauka i naukovedenie XXI veka // Vestnik RAN. 2003. № 2. S. 133.
22. Sinyak Yu.E. Aktovaya rech'. Sistemy zhizneobespecheniya obitaemykh kosmicheskikh ob'ektov. M.: IBMP RAN, 2008.
23. Sinyak Yu.E., Goldymov V.B., Grigor'ev A.I., Gus'kova E.I. Patent na izobretenie № 2182562 «Sposob polucheniya biologicheski aktivnoy pit'evoy vody s ponizhennym soderzhaniem deyteriya i ustroystvo dlya ee polucheniya». M., 2002.
24. Sinyak Yu.E., Grigor'ev A.I., Skuratov V.M., Ivanova S.M., Pokrovskiy B.G. Fraktsionirovanie stabil'nykh izotopov vodoroda v organizme cheloveka v usloviyakh germokamery // Aviakosmicheskaya i ekologicheskaya meditsina. 2006. № 5. S. 38-41.
25. Sinyak Yu.E., Rakov D.V. Perspektivy ispol'zovaniya vody s izmenennym izotopnym sostavom v meditsine // Aviakosmicheskaya i ekologicheskaya meditsina. 2007. № 6/1. S. 57.
26. Stepanov E.V.. Opredelenie izotopicheskogo sootnosheniya ugleroda S-13/S-12 v vydykhaemoy dvuokisi ugleroda metodami diodnoy lazernoy spektroskopii // Trudy Instituta obshchey fiziki RAN. Tom 61. M.: Nauka, 2005. S. 211-252.
27. Ushakov I.B., Karpov V.N. Mozg i radiatsiya. M.: izd-vo GNIII i KM, 1997.
28. Ferronskiy V.I., Polyakov V.A. Izotopiya gidrosfery Zemli. M.: Nauchnyy mir, 2009.
29. Shvartsev S.V. S chego nachalas' global'naya evolyutsiya? // Vestnik RAN. 2010. № 3. S. 235-236.
30. Shenderov B.A. Funktsional'noe pitanie i ego rol' v profilaktike metabolicheskogo sindroma. M.: DeLi print, 2008.

Review: This is the translation of Alexis de Tocqueville work about arts and its development in America.

Keywords: pedagogy, teaching, arts, America.

Review: The problem of controversy in the Russian Orthodox church is still one of the greatest tragedies in the history of Russia. This is when our country, one powerful religious force, was all torn apart. This is where other misfortunes came from such as mistrust of people towards the Church, complete submission of Church to the government, and others. Researchers of the Russian history express their own opinion based on which the schism influenced not only religioun, but also political and economic environment of Russia.

Keywords: pedagogy, culture, society, schism, value, God, Orthodoxy, conflict, rebellion, politics.

References:
1. Glinchikova A. Raskol ili sryv «russkoy Reformatsii»? – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2008.
2. Dimitriy Rostovskiy. Rozysk o raskol'nicheskoy Brynskoy vere, o uchenii ikh, o delakh ikh, i iz'yavlenie yako vera ikh neprava, uchenie dushevredno i dela ikh ne Bogougodny. – M: Sinodal'naya tipografiya, 1855.
3. Zen'kovskiy S.A. Russkoe staroobryadchestvo. – Minsk: Belorusskiy Ekzarkhat, 2007.
4. Kostomarov N.I. Raskol. Istoricheskie monografii i issledovaniya. M.: Charli, 1994.
5. Patriarkh Nikon: tragediya russkogo raskola. – M.: Izdatel'skiy Sovet Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi; DAR', 2006.
6. Sv. Ioann Kronshtadtskiy. Put' k Bogu. – M.: DAR', 2007.
7. Sinyavskiy A.D. Ivan-durak: Ocherk russkoy narodnoy very. – M.: Agraf, 2001.
8. Fedoseev A. Yazvy raskolov. – M.: FORUM, 2008.
9. Florovskiy G.V. Puti russkogo bogosloviya / otv. red. O. Platonov. – M.: Institut russkoy tsivilizatsii, 2009.

References (transliteration):
1. Glinchikova A. Raskol ili sryv «russkoy Reformatsii»? – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2008.
2. Dimitriy Rostovskiy. Rozysk o raskol'nicheskoy Brynskoy vere, o uchenii ikh, o delakh ikh, i iz'yavlenie yako vera ikh neprava, uchenie dushevredno i dela ikh ne Bogougodny. – M: Sinodal'naya tipografiya, 1855.
3. Zen'kovskiy S.A. Russkoe staroobryadchestvo. – Minsk: Belorusskiy Ekzarkhat, 2007.
4. Kostomarov N.I. Raskol. Istoricheskie monografii i issledovaniya. M.: Charli, 1994.
5. Patriarkh Nikon: tragediya russkogo raskola. – M.: Izdatel'skiy Sovet Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi; DAR', 2006.
6. Sv. Ioann Kronshtadtskiy. Put' k Bogu. – M.: DAR', 2007.
7. Sinyavskiy A.D. Ivan-durak: Ocherk russkoy narodnoy very. – M.: Agraf, 2001.
8. Fedoseev A. Yazvy raskolov. – M.: FORUM, 2008.
9. Florovskiy G.V. Puti russkogo bogosloviya / otv. red. O. Platonov. – M.: Institut russkoy tsivilizatsii, 2009.

Review: the article empathizes that if we do not take care of our education, cultural level, teaching national and global values to population, then in 15-20 year we will face a degradation in science, culture, medicine, agriculture and education itself. It is shown that being one of the components of a civilized society, Russian education has its own history of development.

Keywords: teaching, education, school, values, spirituality, personality, reforms, professional education, universities, innovations.

References:
1. Kornetov G.B. Ot pervobytnogo vospitaniya k gumanitarnomu obrazovaniyu. M.: URAO, 2003. 216 s.
2. Kurochkina I.N. Russkaya pedagogika stranitsy stanovleniya (YIII-XYIII vv.). M.: Flinta, Nauka, 2002. 112 s.
3. Latyshina D.I. Istorii obrazovaniya pedagogicheskoy mysli. M., 2002.
4. Shnol' S.E. Geroi, zlodei, konformisty rossiyskoy nauki. M.: Kron-press, 2001. S. 19-23.

References (transliteration):
1. Kornetov G.B. Ot pervobytnogo vospitaniya k gumanitarnomu obrazovaniyu. M.: URAO, 2003. 216 s.
2. Kurochkina I.N. Russkaya pedagogika stranitsy stanovleniya (YIII-XYIII vv.). M.: Flinta, Nauka, 2002. 112 s.
3. Latyshina D.I. Istorii obrazovaniya pedagogicheskoy mysli. M., 2002.
4. Shnol' S.E. Geroi, zlodei, konformisty rossiyskoy nauki. M.: Kron-press, 2001. S. 19-23.