Abstract: In the context of the modern transformation of Russian statehood, attention to the problems of improving law enforcement has naturally increased. Of particular importance are the issues of the application of modern scientific achievements. It is no coincidence that over the past decade, the study of the process of formation and development of criminal investigation has noticeably intensified.
The object of the study is the activity of the East Siberian Criminal police aimed at combating criminal crime, the subject is the implementation of this activity through the introduction of advanced scientific achievements. The purpose of the study is to determine the content, trends, patterns and contradictions of the process of formation and development of criminal investigation.

The scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the features of the introduction of advanced methods of investigation into the activities of the police of Eastern Siberia.
The practice of combating criminal crime in pre-Soviet times on the territory of Eastern Siberia demonstrated the urgent need to apply the latest achievements of science and technology. Due to the lack of effective means and methods of identifying criminals, the criminal investigation system of Eastern Siberia did not fulfill its main tasks. Already in the second half of the XIX century, the steady decline in the personal and property security of the Siberian population required the local administration to take the most drastic measures. One of the most promising areas of combating criminal crime was the use of advanced methods of investigation. However, due to financial difficulties, the use of promising methods in operational activities for many years remained only the lot of single enthusiasts. The remoteness from the metropolis, the personnel crisis and insufficient funding had a decisive impact on the very possibility of using advanced scientific and technical achievements in detective work.

Keywords: registration, signs, Eastern Siberia, anthropometry, judicial photography, crime, police, detective, link, financing

References:
Lebedev V.I. The art of crime detection: Fingerprinting. (Fingerprinting). 2nd ed., ispr. and dop. SPb.: type. Headquarters of the Department of the Gendarmes Corps, 1912. 160 p.
Sysoev A.A. Head of the Irkutsk detective Department Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov // Bulletin of the VSI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2018. No.3 (86). P. 26-31.
Goryushkin A.M. Exile and hard labor in Siberia of the XVIII early XX centuries. // Exile and hard labor in Siberia of the XVIII early XX centuries. Collection of articles edited by A.M. Goryushkin – Novosibirsk, 1975. 304 p.
Margolis A.D. On the number and placement of exiles in Siberia at the end of the XIX century. // Exile and hard labor in Siberia of the XVIII-early XX centuries. Collection of articles edited by A.M. Goryushkin – Novosibirsk, 1975. 304 p.
Mironov B. N. Social history of Russia during the Empire period (XVIII-early XX century): The genesis of personality, democratic family, civil society and the rule of law. St. Petersbu

Abstract: The research object is the history of the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs. The research subject is the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and its battle group - the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. The article studies the experience of the Internal Affairs bodies’ struggle against the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, which became a symbol of the national-separatist movement in postwar regions of Western Ukraine. 
The purpose of the research was to analyze the practice of the Internal Affairs bodies’ struggle against the nationalist armed groups of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in 1944 - 1955. The research task was to consider various measures aimed at the extermination of nationalist armed groups in postwar Western Ukraine. 
The research methodology is based on analysis and synthesis, and the historical-legal analysis of events. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the need for a comprehensive study of the experience of struggle against armed national-separatist groups in the context of complicated Russia-Ukraine relations after the 2014 armed coup in Kyiv which resulted in radicals coming to power, who use the ideas of the OUN-UIA and the postwar experience of struggle against official authorities. The topicality of the research consists in the fact that the experience of military and ideological struggle against the Internal Affairs bodies of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic has been actively used by the modern Security Service of Ukraine. Territorial claims to Russia’s south-western areas are expanding, which are believed to belong to the Ukrainian Republic by Ukrainian radicals. The author’s contribution to the research of the topic is the definition of the strategy and tactics of internal affairs and security bodies of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic aimed at the elimination of nationalist armed groups. The author defines the reasons which impeded the work of internal affairs bodies during the suppression of armed separatism. 
 

Keywords: fighting, armed confrontation, Western Ukraine, Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, Ukrainian Nationalism, liquidation, separatism, MVD, post-war years

References:
Bal'bus Tomash. Istrebitel'skie batal'ony NKVD v 1944-1945. Vestnik IPN, ¹ 6 (17) iyunya 2002 g.-S. 74.
Kovalik V.V. Dvizhenie trudovogo zakonodatel'stva i drugikh zakonov o zashchite naseleniya v rayonakh Stanislavskoy oblasti v poslevoennye gody (1945-1947). Prichiny i nasledie. Istoriya Militsii Ukrainy. Sbornik nauchnykh rabot po materialam I Vseukrainskoy nauchnoy konferentsii.-Stanslavov, 2008.-S. 40.
Koval' M.V. Ukraina v drugom svite i Velikom Vitchiznyanii viynakh (1939-1945 gg.).-Kiev: Vydavnichiy Dim al'ternativnyy, 1999. S. 304-308.
Krayniy Ivan. Ostanni z pidzemnogo bunkera. Ukraina, 15 noyabrya 2002.-S. 5.
Kul'chitskiy Stanislav. Ukra¿ns'k³ natsional³sty v chervono-korychnev³y Evrop³ (do 70-r³chchya stvorennya OUN, istoriya Ukrainy, ¹ 5 (fevral' 1999).-S. 6-7.
Maslovskiy V.I. «Shcho na oltari svobody? Dekil'ka utochen' shchodo viyny na dva fronta, yaku vela UPA, ta skil'koma nevinnymy zhertvamy oplachuvavs tsey propakhandists'kiy mif». Kommunist Ukrainy, ¹ 7 (iyul' 1991). S. 72.
Mudryy-Mechnik S. Sluzhba bezopasnosti revolyuts

Abstract: In the context of modern transformation of Russian statehood, attention to the problems of law enforcement activities improvement has strengthened. The problems of specialization of police structures have become of a key importance. It’s no coincidence that during the recent decade, the process of formation and development of criminal investigation has been actively studied. The topicality of the problem determines the object, subject and purpose of the research. The research object is the process of formation and development of criminal investigation service in Irkutsk province, the research subject is the implementation of this process in the work of Irkutsk police. The purpose of the research is to define the sense, tendencies, patterns and contradictions of this process. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the analysis of the process of formation of criminal investigation service in Irkutsk province. The specificity of organization of criminals detection in Irkutsk province was determined by the specificity of local law enforcement activity. To the extent possible, local administration was trying to carry out criminal investigation in the region using the standard organization of the police work. But such an organization was in contradiction with the requirements imposed on it. Police were not able to organize proper criminal investigation due to the variety of tasks they faced. It turned out to be impossible to organize criminal investigation by independent units in Irkutsk province. Experience proved that the system of financial support for criminal investigation of that time didn’t allow creating special investigative units. This factor determined the appearance of “private detectives” under the jurisdiction of Irkutsk police. However, the insufficient financial support resulted in the poor quality of investigative activity which usually erupted into illegal activities. Remarkably, the necessity to create organizational structures of criminal investigation was much more urgent than in other regions of the country, which is proved by persistent actions of the province administration. 
 

Keywords: Administration, Detective, Detective squad, Irkutsk province, The police, Criminal Investigation Department, Funding, Detective credit, Secret expenses, Official

References:
Andreevskiy I.E. Politseyskoe pravo: izdanie 2-e, ispravlennoe i dopolnennoe. — SPb., 1874. — T. 1. — 648 s.
Bakay N.N. Obshchiy obzor glavneyshikh aktov otnosyashchikhsya k istorii kolonizatsii Sibiri v kontse XVI-XVII veke. — Krasnoyarsk, 1891. — 14 s.
Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Irkutskoy oblasti (dalee — GAIO), f. 25, op. 10, d. 114, l. 49.
GAIO, f. 25, op. 3, d. 338, l. 42.
GAIO, f. 32, op. 1, d. 5555, l. 1.
GAIO, f. 32, op. 1, d. 446, l. 128.
GAIO, f. 32, op. 2, d. 1928, l. 9.
GAIO, f. 32, op. 3, d. 145, l. 2.
GAIO, f. 91, op. 1, d. 985, l. 27.
GAIO, f. 91, op. 2 , d. 309, l. 12, 26.
GAIO, f.91, op. 1, d. 2392, l. 7.
Zloba dnya // Vostochnoe obozrenie. — 1890. — ¹19. — S. 1.
Istoriya Sibiri. Sibir' v epokhu kapitalizma / Pod red. A.P. Okladnikova. — L., 1968. — T.3. — 530 s.
Kriminal'nye khroniki Irkutska: khronologicheskiy perechen'. — Irkutsk, 2013. — 352 s.
Prutchenko S. Sibirskie okrainy. Oblastnye ustanovleniya, svyazannye s Sibirskim Uchrezhdeniem 1822 g. v stroe upravleniya russkogo gosuda

Abstract: Based on the historical-legal approach, the author studies the national-separatist organization The Forest Brothers that was acting in Lithuania in 1944 - 1953 and was resisting the authorities by means of terrorist acts. The research subject is the set of measures aimed at suppressing nationalist armed groups. Special attention to this research is caused by the necessity to analyze the activities of the Forest Brothers, as in Lithuania since the Post-Soviet period, the actions of nationalists have been heroified, many of whom, during the occupation, served in divisions under the German administration. The purpose of the research is the historical and legal assessment of the activities of separatists in postwar Lithuania. Special attention is given to the operative activities of NKVD aimed at suppressing regional extremism and introducing legal order in postwar Lithuania. Special contribution of the author is the consideration of the problem of national-separatism in Lithuania. It’s been established that to suppress and oppose the Forest Brothers, the bodies of NKVD and the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic developed a set of operative, tactical and ideological measures which helped as early as by the late 1945 to change the situation in the Republic and achieve the permanent annual decrease of destructive actions of nationalists, and since the late 1940s - the early 1950s to fully control the criminogenic situation in the Republic. It’s been established that the set of measures against Lithuanian separatists consisted of five main directions which included the creation of People's Defense Platoons known as “Destroyers”, constant mopping up of forests for extinguishing the resistance zones, intelligence work, large scale amnesty of fighters, deportation of persons who shared the ideas and supported nationalism and separatism. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the critical scientific insight into Lithuanian separatism, its prerequisites and methods of struggling against it by the internal affairs bodies of Lithuania in 1944 - 1953. 
 

Keywords: measures, Lithuanian Soviet Republic, Forest Brothers, armed struggle, extremism, nationalism, separatism, suppression, post-war period, NKVD-MVD

References:
Vytas Stanley Vardys. Lithuania Under the Soviets: Portrait of a Nation, 1940-65. ‒ New York, Washington, and London: Praeger, 1965. ‒ 299 r.
Pajaujis-Javis Joseph. Soviet Genocide in Lithuania. ‒ New York: Manyl-and Books, Inc., 1980. ‒ R. 109.
Nijolė Gaškaitė. Psipriešinimo istorija 1944 – 1953 m. ‒ Vilnius: Aidai, 1989. ‒ 620 r.
Lukša-Daumantas Juozas. Freedom fighters: Lithuanian partisans against the USSR.-New York: Manyland Books. 1975. ‒ R. 89.
Galula David Counterinsurgency Warfare: Theory and PracticeWestport. ‒ Connecticut: Praeger Security International, 1964. ‒ R. 54-56.
Anušauskas Arvydas. The occupation regimes and their crimes in the Baltic, 1940–1991 / Arvydas Anušauskas, Irēne Šneidere, Küllo Arjakas, Valdis Bērziņš. ‒ Riga: Institute of the History of Latvia Publishers, 2006. ‒ 51 p.
Kuodite Dalya. Mezhdu vchera i segodnya. «Istoriya litovskoy bo

Abstract: The article presents a review of the research-and-practice conference 'State and Law: Evolution, Modern State, Prospects for Development (Devoted to the 300th Anniversary of the Russian Police) that was held in St. Petersburg, University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, on 27 - 28 of April, 2017. The conference involved scientists, practical lawyers and young researchers interested in evolution, modern state and development prospects of Russia's police system. Participants of the conference focused on the development of the police law theory and determination of its place in the history of studies of law and state; retrospective analysis of organization and activity of the Russian Empire's police, Temporary Government's militsia, Soviet militsia and Russian Federation police. The author of the present article provides a review of reports and speeches read at the conference that were devoted to the following issues: contents of the police law theory and its role in the organization of the Russian police activity; formation and development of the Russian Empire's police system; break-down of the Russian Empire's police system and opportunities of using that experience today. In the process of preparing summaries of conference reports, the author of the article has used the hermeneutical approach to demonstrate what conference participants thought of pattern and particularities of the Russian Empire's police development based on their analysis of broad materials (including archives) by using modern methods of historical-legal science. The author of the article has used general research methods such as analysis and synthesis and elements of the formal legal approach and the method interpreting legal texts. In this research Nizhnik summarizes work of modern Russian researchers who used new sources and references to study the history of the Russian police and focused on understudied facts and events of the police formation and development, and carried out a critical analysis of the main provisions in the Russian histriography regarding police activity in the Russian Empire. At the year of the 100th anniversary of the Revolution of 1917 and prior to the 300th anniversary of Russia's police, summary of the experience of the Empire police and analysis of perspectives to use their experience as it was presented at the conference will enlarge research and historical knowledge and may improve police activity of the Russian Federation. 

Keywords: police legal theory, police studies, police of the Russian Empire, militsia of the Temporary Government, Ministry of Internal Affairs, 300th anniversary of the Russian police, police system, law-enforcement system, history of the Russian police, international conference

References:
Tropov I. A. Ot politsii k militsii: izmeneniya v sisteme pravookhranitel'nykh organov Petrogradskoy gubernii v kontse fevralya – nachale marta 1917 goda // Gosudarstvo i pravo: evolyutsiya, sovremennoe sostoyanie, perspektivy razvitiya (navstrechu 300-letiyu rossiyskoy politsii): Materialy XIV mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-teoreticheskoy konferentsii. Sankt-Peterburg, 27–28 aprelya 2017 g. / Pod red. N. S. Nizhnik: V 2 t. T. I. SPb.: Izd-vo SPb un-ta MVD Rossii, 2017. S. 178–181.
Remneva S. V. O likvidatsii v Petrograde politicheskoy politsii v khode Fevral'skoy revolyutsii // Gosudarstvo i pravo: evolyutsiya, sovremennoe sostoyanie, perspektivy razvitiya (navstrechu 300-letiyu rossiyskoy politsii): Materialy XIV mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-teoreticheskoy konferentsii. Sankt-Peterburg, 27–28 aprelya 2017 g. / Pod red. N. S. Nizhnik: V 2 t. T. I. SPb.: Izd-vo SPb un-ta MVD Rossii, 2017. S. 181–184.
Nesmiyanov A. N. Politseyskaya sistema Rossii v mezhrevolyutsionnyy period 1917 goda // Gosudarstvo i pravo: evolyutsiya, sovremennoe sostoyanie, perspektivy razvitiya (na

Abstract: The research subject is the public law concept reflected in the works of Russian jurist-researchers of the 19th century – Vasilii Nikolaevich Leshkkov (1810 – 1881) and Mikhail Mikhailovich Shpilevsky (1837 – 1883). The fundamental provision of the concept is the thesis that society is the key independent subject of public administration; private individuals as members of social associations obtain wider opportunities to realize their interests. The research subject is the ideas of V.N. Leshkov and M.M. Shpilevsky about objects, subjects and the subject-matter of public law; the jurist-researchers’ estimation of the public law concept of the 19th century. The research methodology is based on general scientific (historical, system, functional) and specific (formal-legal, historical-legal and comparative-legal) research methods. The author uses the methods of interpretation of legal ideas and statutory acts. The author characterizes the public law concept reflected in the theoretical heritage of V.N. Leshkov and M.M. Shpilevsky, which hasn’t been studied thoroughly enough so far. Within the public law concept society if considered as the key subject of administration; families, communities, classes and various interstate associations and everything created by the public – as the objects of public law. The author estimates Leshkov’s conclusions that public law reflects the process of emergence and development of social regulators; allows defining the specificity of public regulation of social relations within particular historical epoch, helps study the evolution of the legal system of any state. Therefore, when making important managerial decisions, it is necessary to take into account the experience of development of the public law sphere in a certain state. The author concludes that in the context of formation of civil society in the Russia Federation, the public law concept is to be analyzed, and its importance for the transformation of state and legal reality in contemporary Russia is to be understood. 

Keywords: Leshkov, Shpilevsky , police studies , municipal law , adminstrative law, police law, self-administration, public administration, society , public law

References:
Nizhnik N. S., Dergileva S. Yu., Gevorkyan D. S. Filosofiya evdemonizma kak kontseptual'naya osnova teorii i praktiki politseyskogo gosudarstva // Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta MVD Rossii. 2014. ¹ 3(63). S. 37–43.
Nizhnik N. S. Politseyskoe gosudarstvo kak sredstvo dostizheniya vseobshchego schast'ya (po stranitsam rabot politseistov) //Aktual'nye problemy prava i pravoprimenitel'noy deyatel'nosti: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, 22–23 sentyabrya 2016 g. / Pod obshch. red. V. A. Sosova. Krasnodar: Izdatel'skiy Dom – Yug, 2017. S. 30–34.
Nizhnik N. S. Politseysko-pravovaya teoriya: osnovnye etapy stanovleniya v Rossii // Gosudarstvo i pravo: evolyutsiya, sovremennoe sostoyanie, perspektivy razvitiya (navstrechu 300-letiyu rossiyskoy politsii): Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-teoreticheskoy konferentsii. Sankt-Peterburg, 28 aprelya 2016 g. / pod red. N. S. Nizhnik. V 2-kh tomakh. T. II. SPb.: Izd-vo SPb un-ta MVD Rossii, 2016. S. 228–235.
Teslya A. A. Vasiliy Nikolaevich Leshkov i ego teoriya «obshchestvennogo prava»