ARTICLES of rubric«Foreign police forces»

Kornilova K.A. — Counterterrorism efforts of the Ministry of the Interior of Germany: unbundling processes of 2013-2018
(№4, 2020)
Glushkov M.R. — Use of videotaping in police investigations in the USA (№4, 2016)
Radochina, T.N. — British experience of prophylactics of offences with the mounted police divisions (№4, 2014)
Gaikin, V.A. — Korean riots after the earthquake of 1923 in Japan and the police activities (№3, 2013)
Zubach A. A. — Legal regulation of ethics of a customs officer in foreign countries (№1, 2013)
Kikot-Gluhodedova T. V. — Functioning of the system of internal security in the state mechanism of USA (№1, 2013)
Kikot-Gluhodedova T. V. — Whether the experience of US internal security ensuring is applicable today in Russia (№4, 2012)
Kasatkina A. A. — Peculiarities of functioning of police mechanism of the Italian Republic (№3, 2012)
Katsuba V. I. — Organizational structure of the Israel National Police (№3, 2012)
Kasatkina A.A. — Peculiarities of realization of doctrine of crime control in Italy (№2, 2012)
Kobets P.N. — Legislation regulation, peculiarities of penal liability for sexual assault in the countries of the postsoviet territory, in a few European states, in the countries of Asia-Pacific region and a comparative analysis of the legislation in these countries with the Russian Legislation (№1, 2012)
Nasanzhargalyn Ganbadral — Application challenges of the means of administrative compulsion by police in Mongolia (№4, 2011)
Solomatina E.A. — Legal and administrative principles of police in Germany. (№2, 2011)
Akulov V.I., Solomatina V.A. — Police authorities of foreign countries. (№1, 2011)
Mantsurov A.Y. — Human resources management in People’s Police of the Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China. (№1, 2011)

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Reference:

Kornilova K.A.. Counterterrorism efforts of the Ministry of the Interior of Germany: unbundling processes of 2013-2018
// Police activity. – 2020. – № 4. – P. 50-62. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2020.4.33649.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2020.4.33649

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Abstract: The object of research is counterterrorism policy of the Ministry of the Interior of Germany in the period of Merkel’s third term of office, when struggle against terrorism was topical in the country. The research subject is the structural peculiarities of the Ministry of the Interior formation, and departments responsible for counterterrorism policy implementation. The research methodology is based on structural-functional analysis focusing on studying social objects and systems and defining their roles in relation to each other, which, in the case of studying the German Ministry of the Interior, is an essential component of the research. The author uses general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, and induction. The scientific novelty of the research is defined by the fact that the author has translated the titles of the departments of the Ministry of the Interior participating in the development and implementation of counterterrorism policy into Russian and introduced them into scientific discourse, and has found out which of the departments work closely to struggle against terrorism. The author has studied and translated into Russian the definitions of extremism and terrorism provided by the Ministry of the Interior of Germany. The author concludes that counterterrorism efforts are an important component of the work of structural departments of the Ministry of the Interior of Germany which unites the activities of several branches and departments. The materials of the research can be used in the educational process and for the further scientific studies.

Keywords: departments, counterterrorism policy, Ministry of Internal Affairs, terrorism, security, state, FRG, structure, security policy, extremism

References:
Extremismus/ Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat // Rezhim dostupa: https://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/themen/sicherheit/extremismus/extremismus-node.html
Islamismus und Salafismus/ Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat // Rezhim dostupa: https://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/themen/sicherheit/extremismus/islamismus-und-salafismus/islamismus-und-salafismus-node.html
Rechtsextremismus/ Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat // Rezhim dostupa: https://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/themen/sicherheit/extremismus/rechtsextremismus/rechtsextremismus-node.html
Linksextremismus/ Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat // Rezhim dostupa: https://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/themen/sicherheit/extremismus/linksextremismus/linksextremismus-node.html
Grachev S.I. Kontrterrorizm: organizatsionnye, pravovye, finansovye aspekty i voprosy profilaktiki. (Uchebnoe posobie)/Elektronnaya versiya. – Nizhniy Novgorod: FMO/ISI NNGU im. N.I. Lobachevskogo, 2010.]
Daniel Koehler, Right-Wing Terrorism in th

Reference:

Glushkov M.R.. Use of videotaping in police investigations in the USA // Police activity. – 2016. – № 4. – P. 426-430.

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Abstract: The study is influenced by the practice of investigating activities videotaping in Russia. It is known that Russian criminal procedural legislation provides almost no regulation of this aspect. Local experience is diverse and contradictory. Hence, a great potential of videotaping as an instrument of fixation of the investigation process and results can’t be realized. For comparison, the author considers the process of investigating actions fixation by investigative agencies of the US. Taking into account that preliminary investigation in the USA is more frequently referred to as the police one, this term is used in the title. The research is based on the works of Russian lawyers and foreign documents including statutory instruments and educational materials. A significant peculiarity of the study is the use of primary sources. Usually foreign experience in crime investigation is studied from a theoretical point of view, but this article considers police codes, rules and charters applied by police officers in their regular work. Besides, the author studies methodical literature. The author concludes that all the ways of the police investigation fixation in the US (reports, notes, photographic recording, videotaping, plans and schemes) are equal, while in the Russian practice a report remains the main instrument of fixation of the investigation process and results.

Keywords: report, educational materials, law enforcement agency instruction, photographic recording, videotaping, investigation fixation, investigating actions, police investigation, USA, pre-trial proceedings

References:
Baev O.Ya. Taktika sledstvennykh deystviy: uchebnoe posobie. – M.: Yurlitinform, 2013.
Bartenev E.A. Neverbal'naya forma dokazatel'stvennoy informatsii // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. 2015. №2.
Skobelin S.Yu., Kuznetsov S.E. Videozapis' doprosa: problemy i puti ikh resheniya // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. 2015. №20.
Ugolovnyy protsess: uchebnik / Smirnov A.V., Kalinovskiy K.B.; pod obshch.red. Smirnova A.V. – M.: Knorus, 2008.
Aric W. Dutell. An introduction to crime scene investigation: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2014.
Arizona v. Evans (1995), §2 // FindLaw. URL: http://caselaw.findlaw. com/us-supreme-court/514/1.html.
Charles R. Swanson, Neil C. Chamelin, Leonard Territo. Criminal Investigation (8th edition), Chapter 4, §§ XIX, XX // McGraw Hill Online Learning Center. URL: http://highered. mheducation.com/sites/ 0072564938/student_view0/chapter4/chapter_outline.html.
Henry C. Lee, Timothy M. Palmbach, Marilyn T. Miller. Henry Lee’s Crime Scene Handbook: Elsevier Academic Press, 2001.

Reference:

Radochina, T.N.. British experience of prophylactics of offences with the mounted police divisions // Police activity. – 2014. – № 4. – P. 363-369.

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Abstract: the object of studies involves a combination of conceptual issues within the institution of mounted police of the Great Britain: history of its formation, main goals and functions of the mounted police divisions, professional requirements to the staff of these police divisions and the conditions for joining the service, education and training of an officer of mounted police division and training the horses. In addition the article points out specific attitude of the English society to the mounted police division, which is reflected in the practice of the British courts regarding the offenders attacking mounted policemen and their horses. One of the aspects of study in this article involves the problems of funding the mounted police divisions in the modern conditions and possible ways out of the situation threatening with the abolition of this type of police in many modern states. Methodology of the study involves a combination of methods: historical, sociological, comparative legal, formal logic, induction and deduction, practical analysis of administrative and criminal cases regarding activities of the mounted police in the Great Britain. Scientific novelty is due, firstly, to the modern consecutive historical analysis of the institution of mounted police divisions of the Great Britain from the moment of its formation in 1976 and to our days. Secondly, the materials on the modern functional purposes of the mounted police in the new conditions, training of officers and horses for the service in this division are quite novel as well. Thirdly, novelty is involved in the analysis of the latest problems regarding funding and preservation of this type of police, causing on one hand the state measures for limiting such police formation, and on the other hand active opposition of the general public to the processes of dissolution of mounted police and liquidation of police horses, showing its significant input into preservation of the public order and lawfulness.

Keywords: mounted police of the Great Britain, history, goals, functions, priorities of a mounted policeman, requirements to candidates, judicial practice, modern problems, support of the general public, perspectives.

References:
Anthony Bond. Mirror, 3 of May, 2014.
Sunday Express, 25 of October, 2012.
News, Nottingham, 25 of June, 2012.
Danny Longhorn. Cavalry rides in to save police horses. Hull Daily Mail, 27 of May, 2013.
Daily record, 13 February, 2013.
Mail Onlain, 25 of June, 2014.

Reference:

Gaikin, V.A.. Korean riots after the earthquake of 1923 in Japan and the police activities // Police activity. – 2013. – № 3. – P. 190-197.

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Abstract: After the Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910 it became a part of the Japanese Empire. In 1925 there was 103 000 of migrant workers in Japan, out of whom 54,5% were construction workers, 28% were factory workers, 8,3% were mine workers, 6,7% were servants and housemaids, 1,8% were dockside workers (loaders). Specific mentality of the Japanese people and the hierarchical character of their world view were reflected on their attitude to the migrants. In the opinion of the authors of the study held by the Ministry of Home Affairs in Japan “Position of the Koreans in Japan in 1925” “the Japanese viewed the Koreans as the lower race” For the first time in the Russian historiography, this article includes description and analysis of the causes of the Korean bashings in Japan in 1923, which included the actions of the branches of Japanese government taken in order to divert the vector of popular discontent to the Korean Diaspora, as well as quasi-spontaneous, mass anti-Korean hysteria of the people, which was the result of the induction of the will of the government. Topicality of article includes analysis of the Japanese experience in “digesting” the mass labor migration.

Keywords: jurisprudence, Japan, Korea, immigrants, Koreans, discrimination, police, earthquake, riot, bashing.

References:
Akaike Atsusi. Daysinsay todzi ni okeru sekan (Moi mysli vo vremya zemletryaseniya v Kanto) // Dzikey. №51. noyabr' 1923.
Ivamura Tosio. Dzayniti tesendzin to nikhon rodosya kaykyu (Koreyskaya diaspora v Yaponii i yaponskiy rabo-chiy klass). — Tokio, 1972.
Imai Seyiti. Nikhon no rekisi (Istoriya Yaponii). № 23. Tayse demokrasii (epokha demokratii Tayse). — To-kio. Tyuo koronsya, 1978.
Kan Tok San. Gendaysi sire 6. (materialy po noveyshey istorii). t. 6. Kanto day sinsay to tesendzin. (Veli-koe zemletryasenie v Kanto i koreytsy). — Tokio. 1963.
Kokumin simbun. 14.10.1923 g.
Matsuo Takaesi. Kanto Daysinsay ka no tesendzin gyakusatsu dziken. dze (Massovye ubiystva koreytsev vo vre-mya Velikogo zemletryaseniya Kanto. ch. 1) Shiso. № 471. sentyabr' 1963.
Matsuo Takaesi, «Kanto Daysinsay ka no tesendzin gyakusatsu dziken. ge. (Massovye ubiystva koreytsev vo vre-mya Velikogo zemletryaseniya v Kanto. ch. 2). Siso. № 476. fevral' 1964.
Naymuse keykhokeku (Ministerstvo vnutrennikh del uprav

Reference:

Zubach A. A.. Legal regulation of ethics of a customs officer in foreign countries // Police activity. – 2013. – № 1. – P. 44-53.

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Abstract: the term “ethics” comes from the Greek word “ethos”, which means character. The science of Ethics is known for more than twenty centuries. Aristotle gave attribute “ethical” to a number of mankind virtues and determined a new noun “ethics” to speak about science, which studies virtues. Today ethics is a science, which studies moral, its essence and structure and its development. Among the categories of “ethics” we can mention good and evil, justice, duty, conscience, responsibility, dignity and honor. All these may be attributed to the professional ethics of the customs officer.

Keywords: ethics, service, customs, customs officer, corruption, standard, science, profession, control, law, liability, conflict.

References:
Ardan F. Frantsiya: Gosudarstvennaya sistema. — M., 1994.
Ermilin I. Zakonodatel'stvo Kanady: chto takoe «konflikt interesov»? // Sovetskaya yustitsiya. — 1990. — № 23.
Vasilenko I.A. Administrativno-gosudarstvennoe upravlenie v stranakh Zapada. — M., 2000.
Garner, D. Velikobritaniya: tsentral'noe i mestnoe upravlenie. — M., 1982.
Gosudarstvennoe pravo Germanii. — M., 1994.
Klepov A.V. Pravovye i organizatsionnye osnovy operativno-rozysknoy deyatel'nosti tamozhen-noy sluzhby Germanii i ikh uchet v obespechenii pravookhranitel'nogo sotrudnichestva tamozhennykh sluzhb Rossii i Germanii: Dis. … …kand. yurid. nauk. — M., 2006.
Koblikov A.S. Yuridicheskaya etika. — M., 1999.
Kurakin A.V. Administrativno-pravovye sredstva preduprezhdeniya i presecheniya korruptsii v si-steme gosudarstvennoy sluzhby zarubezhnykh gosudarstv. — Domodedovo, 2007.
Karagodin N. Formirovanie korpusa gosudarstvennykh sluzhashchikh: zarubezhnyy opyt dlya Rossii // Mezhdunarodnaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye

Reference:

Kikot-Gluhodedova T. V.. Functioning of the system of internal security in the state mechanism of USA // Police activity. – 2013. – № 1. – P. 53-56.

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Abstract: the article presents legal and structural foundations of functioning of the system of internal safety ensuring in the state mechanism of USA. It is shown in the article that the characteristic feature of the American system of ensuring of internal safety of the state is the traditional implementation of the units and formations of armed forces (mainly National Guards, and ground forces and marine corps) to suppress civil riots. (Art. 4, Part 4 of the Constitution of the USA, which guarantees every state federal support to stop any domestic or invasion violence)

Keywords: safety, police, USA, threat, risk, sovereignty, system, control, politics, state.

References:
Bykov A.V. Sistema obespecheniya vnutrenney bezopasnosti gosudarstva. — M., 2007.
Gubanov A.V. Politsiya Zapada. — M.,1993.
Krylov B.S. Politsiya SShA. — M., 1972.
Marchenko M.N., Baytin M.I., Kerimov D.A., Krylov B.S., Mamut L.S. Obshchaya teoriya gosudarstva i prava. Akademicheskiy kurs. 3-e izd. — M., 2007. T. 1.
Popov I.M., Bykov A.V., Gubanov A.V., Kapkin A.V. Vnutrennie voyska (struktury im podobnye) v sisteme obespecheniya vnutrenney bezopasnosti zarubezhnykh gosudarstv (1945-1997 gg.). — M., 1998.
Khropanyuk V.N. Teoriya gosudarstva i prava. — M.,1993.
Shalyagin D.D. Politsiya SShA. — M., 2001

Reference:

Kikot-Gluhodedova T. V.. Whether the experience of US internal security ensuring is applicable today in Russia // Police activity. – 2012. – № 4. – P. 70-73.

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Abstract: the author of the article studies potential of implementation of the experience of the United States in the sphere of ensuring of internal security. When working at the efficiency of the law enforcement activity, it is important to take into account some mistakes known in the history of the country, which were made due to the ignorance or irresponsible disregard of the experience of foreign countries in the sphere of legal regulation of different elements of the police system of the state.

Keywords: police, counteraction, experience, police officer, control, crime, offence, delict, society.

References:
Lunev V.V. Predislovie ko vtoromu russkomu izdaniyu knigi R. Klarka «Prestupnost' v SShA». — M., 2002.
Nikolaychik V.M. SShA: politseyskiy kontrol' za obshchestvom. — M., 1987.
Ovchinskiy V.S., Ovchinskiy S.S. Bor'ba s mafiey v Rossii. — M., 1993. — S. 20.
Cherner Yu. FBR: istoriya i real'nost'. — M., 2003

Reference:

Kasatkina A. A.. Peculiarities of functioning of police mechanism of the Italian Republic // Police activity. – 2012. – № 3. – P. 53-57.

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Abstract: the article describes functioning and peculiarities of police system in Italy. The reasons of diversification between police and gendarmerie and within gendarmerie itself: between the Corps of carabineers and the Corps of Financial Guards. The author reveals the system of administration of police units and gendarmerie in Italy.

Keywords: police system of Italy, police, gendarmerie, Corps of carabineers, Corps of Financial Guards, peculiarities of police system, government commissioners, quaestors.

References:
Gorsheneva I.A. Politsiya v mekhanizme sovremennogo gosudarstva: Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. — M., 2002.
Deyatel'nost' pravookhranitel'nykh organov zarubezhnykh stran. — M., 2001.
Derbicheva S.A., Astapenko P.N. Institutsionnaya evolyutsiya organov vnutrennikh del i problemy optimizatsii politseyskikh znaniy. — M., 2007.
Kostin A.N. Organizatsionnye i pravovye osnovy deyatel'nosti politsii Germanii. M., 1999.
Popov I.M., Bykov A.V., Gubanov A.V., Kapkin A.V. Vnutrennie voyska (struktury im podobnye) v si-steme obespecheniya vnutrenney bezopasnosti zarubezhnykh gosudarstv (1945-1997 gg.). — M., 1998.
Ryuden E.Yu. Administrativno-pravovoe obespechenie sluzhby politsii (militsii) v federativ-nom demokraticheskom gosudarstve v usloviyakh administrativnoy modernizatsii (sravnitel'no-pravovaya kharakteristika FRG i RF): Dis. .. kand. yurid. nauk. — M., 2009.
Solomatina E.A., Prudnikova T.A. Kurs lektsiy po administrativnomu pravu zarubezhnykh stran. — M., 2010.
Shalyagin D.D. Politsiya S

Reference:

Katsuba V. I.. Organizational structure of the Israel National Police // Police activity. – 2012. – № 3. – P. 58-62.

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Abstract: the article describes management structure of police in Israel, major tasks of its structural subdivisions. Today the Israel National Police consists of central (departments and administrations) and territorial (district and regional departments of police, commissariats) police agencies, and the National Police Headquarters located in Jerusalem. All the above-mentioned police agencies are subordinate to the National Police Headquarters.

Keywords: police of Israel, organization department, department, territorial division, law and order, security, compulsion, bureau, terrorism.

References:
Gorsheneva I.A. Politsiya v mekhanizme sovremennogo gosudarstva: Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. — M., 2002.
Deyatel'nost' pravookhranitel'nykh organov zarubezhnykh stran. — M., 2001.
Derbicheva S.A., Astapenko P.N. Institutsionnaya evolyutsiya organov vnutrennikh del i problemy optimizatsii politseyskikh znaniy. — M., 2007.
Kostin A.N. Organizatsionnye i pravovye osnovy deyatel'nosti politsii Germanii. — M., 1999.
Popov I.M., Bykov A.V., Gubanov A.V., Kapkin A.V. Vnutrennie voyska (struktury im podobnye) v sisteme obespecheniya vnutrenney bezopasnosti zarubezhnykh gosudarstv (1945-1997 gg.). — M., 1998.
Ryuden E.Yu. Administrativno-pravovoe obespechenie sluzhby politsii (militsii) v federativ-nom demokraticheskom gosudarstve v usloviyakh administrativnoy modernizatsii (sravnitel'no-pravovaya kharakteristika FRG i RF): Dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. — M., 2009.
Solomatina E.A., Prudnikova T.A. Kurs lektsiy po administrativnomu pravu zarubezhnykh stran. — M., 2010.
Shalyagin D.D. Polits

Reference:

Kasatkina A.A.. Peculiarities of realization of doctrine of crime control in Italy // Police activity. – 2012. – № 2. – P. 68-70.

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Abstract: the article is focused on realization of the crime control doctrine in Italy. The author analyses the reasons of change of the doctrinal guidelines of Italian experts in the course of the crime wave and change of the doctrine of the proper legal procedure to the doctrine of crime control.

Keywords: doctrine, establishment, control, crime, efficiency of police activities, Corps of carabineers, police, Corps of Financial Guards, doctrine of the due legal procedure.

References:
Gorsheneva I.A. Politsiya v mekhanizme sovremennogo gosudarstva: Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. — M., 2002.
Deyatel'nost' pravookhranitel'nykh organov zarubezhnykh stran. — M., 2001.
Derbicheva S.A., Astapenko P.N. Institutsionnaya evolyutsiya organov vnutrennikh del i problemy optimizatsii politseyskikh znaniy. — M., 2007.
Kostin A.N. Organizatsionnye i pravovye osnovy deyatel'nosti politsii Germanii. — M., 1999.
Popov I.M., Bykov A.V., Gubanov A.V., Kapkin A.V. Vnutrennie voyska (struktury im podobnye) v sisteme obespecheniya vnutrenney bezopasnosti zarubezhnykh gosudarstv (1945-1997 gg.). — M., 1998.
Ryuden E.Yu. Administrativno-pravovoe obespechenie sluzhby politsii (militsii) v federativ-nom demokraticheskom gosudarstve v usloviyakh administrativnoy modernizatsii (sravnitel'no-pravovaya kharakteristika FRG i RF): Dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. — M., 2009.
Solomatina E.A., Prudnikova T.A. Kurs lektsiy po administrativnomu pravu zarubezhnykh stran. — M., 2010.
Shalyagin D.D. Politsi

Reference:

Kobets P.N.. Legislation regulation, peculiarities of penal liability for sexual assault in the countries of the postsoviet territory, in a few European states, in the countries of Asia-Pacific region and a comparative analysis of the legislation in these countries with the Russian Legislation // Police activity. – 2012. – № 1. – P. 52-56.

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Abstract: the article studies issues in realization of penal liability for sexual assault. The author uses both domestic and foreign experience in this area. Based on the research of the foreign experience suggestions have been formulated on how to realize the means of penal liability for sexual assault.

Keywords: liability, rape, sexual crime, crime, defendant, penalty, life, corpus delicti, qualification, moral.

References:
Ababkov A. Prava poterpevshikh v ugolovnom protsesse // Yuridicheskaya gazeta. — 2009. — № 17.
Gunarev S.A. Takticheskie i pravovye osnovy ispol'zovaniya genotiposkopicheskoy ekspertizy pri rassledovanii i sudebnom rassmotrenii ugolovnykh del ob ubiystvakh i iznasilovaniyakh: Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. — SPb., 2008.
Kriminologiya / Pod red. A.I.Dolgovoy. — M., 2009.
Tanasevich V.G. Problemy metodiki raskrytiya i rassledovaniya prestupleniy. Sovetskaya krimina-listika: Teoreticheskie problemy. — M., 1978.
Problemy bor'by s iznasilovaniyami (sbornik). — M., 1999

Reference:

Nasanzhargalyn Ganbadral. Application challenges of the means of administrative compulsion by police in Mongolia // Police activity. – 2011. – № 4. – P. 68-71.

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Abstract: Legislation of Mongolia which regulates firearms and special equipment employment does not contain legal instructions which establish the limits of lawful application or use of firearms, special equipment. Hereupon the general and the particular remains outstanding within the regulation framework in the context of each case of special means of administrative constraint. Imperfection of legal provisions regulating the activity of the subjects who are authorized to use firearms and special equipment is related to the insufficient legal reasoning of usage of special equipment in administrative and police science of Mongolia.

Keywords: police, Mongolia, weapon, usage, compulsion, special means, application, regulation, academy, prevention.

References:
Bel'skiy K.S. Politseyskoe pravo / Pod red. A.V. Kurakina. — M., 2004.
Dolgorsuren Zh. Politseyskoe pravo Mongolii. Obshchaya chast'. — UB., 2004.
Dolgorsuren Zh, Buyankhishig G. Administrativnoe pravo Mongolii. — UB., 2008.
Damdinsuren Ts., Luvsanvandan Sh. Russko-mongol'skiy slovar'. — UB., 1983.
Tavanzhin D. Politseyskoe pravo Mongolii. — UB., 2006

Reference:

Solomatina E.A.. Legal and administrative principles of police in Germany. // Police activity. – 2011. – № 2. – P. 60-64.

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Abstract: the article describes legal and structural issues in the work of German police; based upon the above mentioned issues, suggestions are made concerning the improvement of administrative activity of the Russian police.

Keywords: police, Germany, service, arrest, system, compulsion, investigation, turnover, law enforcement agency, defense, border guard

References:
Gorsheneva I.A. Politsiya v mekhanizme sovremennogo gosudarstva: Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. — M., 2002.
Deyatel'nost' pravookhranitel'nykh organov zarubezhnykh stran. — M., 2001.
Derbicheva S.A., Astapenko P.N. Institutsionnaya evolyutsiya organov vnutrennikh del i problemy opti-mizatsii politseyskikh znaniy. — M., 2007.
Kostin A.N. Organizatsionnye i pravovye osnovy deyatel'nosti politsii Germanii. — M., 1999.
Popov I.M., Bykov A.V., Gubanov A.V., Kapkin A. V. Vnutrennie voyska (struktury im podobnye) v siste-me obespecheniya vnutrenney bezopasnosti zarubezhnykh gosudarstv (1945-1997 gg.). — M., 1998.
Ryuden E.Yu. Administrativno-pravovoe obespechenie sluzhby politsii (militsii) v federativnom de-mokraticheskom gosudarstve v usloviyakh administrativnoy modernizatsii (sravnitel'no-pravovaya kha-rakteristika FRG i RF): Dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. — M., 2009.
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Shalyagin D.D. Polits

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Akulov V.I., Solomatina V.A.. Police authorities of foreign countries. // Police activity. – 2011. – № 1. – P. 58-63.

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Abstract: the article describes the legal and structural challenges in establishment of police forces in a number of industrially developed countries, points out that while establishing the police bodies a great number of issues arose which were caused by circumstances of objective and subjective nature. Nevertheless, many foreign countries succeeded in establishment of effectively working police force.

Keywords: police, police authorities, foreign countries, police officer, police surveillance, police compulsion, police regulations, police work, evaluation criterion of the work performance of police, police force

References:
Bykov A.V. Organizatsionno-pravovye osnovy deyatel'nosti zhandarmerii zapadnoevropeyskikh gosudarstv po obespecheniyu obshchestvennoy bezopasnosti: Dis. ... kand yurid nauk. — M., 1998.
Bykov A.V. Politsiya i zhandarmeriya — osnovnye elementy kontinental'noy modeli politseyskoy sistemy gosudarstva // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. — 2008. — № 6.
Bondar' E.O. Pravovye osnovy organizatsii i deyatel'nosti politsii Ispanii. — M., 2004.
Gubanov A.V. Politsiya Zapada. — M., 1993.
Gubanov A.V. Osnovy organizatsii i funktsionirovaniya politsii zarubezhnykh gosudarstv i ispol'zovaniya ikh opyta dlya sovershenstvovaniya deyatel'nosti organov vnutrennikh del Rossii: Avtoref. dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. — M., 1997.
Gorsheneva I.A. Politsiya v mekhanizme sovremennogo gosudarstva: Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. — M., 2002.
Deyatel'nost' pravookhranitel'nykh organov zarubezhnykh stran. — M., 2001.
Isaev I. A. Istoriya gosudarstva i prava Rossii. — M., 1993.
Krylov B. Politsiya Velikobritanii: osnovnye chert

Reference:

Mantsurov A.Y.. Human resources management in People’s Police of the Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China. // Police activity. – 2011. – № 1. – P. 63-68.

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Abstract: the author of the present article describes specific structure of the staff’s service of the People’s Police of the Ministry of Public Security of PRC, to be exact the normative legal foundation which regulates the order of service performing and professional training of the personnel in the People’s Police of MPS PRC.

Keywords: human resources activity, People’s Police of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), The People’s Armed Police Force, table of ranks, public order, public safety, Peking University MPS (Ministry of Public Security) of PRC, the Ministry of Public Security of PRC, discipline

References:
Bondar' E.O. Pravovye osnovy organizatsii i deyatel'nosti politsii Ispanii. — M., 2004.
Gubanov A.V. Politsiya Zapada. — M., 1993.
Gubanov A.V. Osnovy organizatsii i funktsionirovaniya politsii zarubezhnykh gosudarstv i ispol'zovaniya ikh opyta dlya sovershenstvovaniya deyatel'nosti organov vnutrennikh del Rossii: Avtoref. dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. — M., 1997.
Cheishvili M.V. Politsiya Finlyandii: organizatsionno-pravovye osnovy deyatel'nosti: Avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. — M., 2001.
Shalyagin D.D. Politsiya SShA — organizatsionnye i pravovye osnovy deyatel'nosti: Avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. — M., 1998.