Abstract: The article is devoted to the consideration of the qualifying signs of "hate speech" in the aspect of providing linguistic and forensic expertise in the field of Internet communication in order to ensure the legal and linguistic protection of national security, the constitutional order, public order, health and morality of the population. This concept – «hate speech» - is the subject of scientific discussions in various fields of science and practice: sociology, psychology, linguistics, theory of law, judicial practice. The article analyzes the positions of scientists in relation to the content of the concept of "hate speech". The classification of speech utterances containing signs of "hate speech" is given, which allows focusing the attention of experts - criminologists, conducting linguistic examination of statements in Internet communications, on soft forms of hate speech, the prevention of which is designed to ensure the prevention of crimes and offenses of an extremist orientation. The article also provides examples from the practice of conducting linguistic expertise, speech utterances in text files from an Internet resource.

Keywords: verbal aggression, information threat, internet communication, the language of enmity, enmity, hate, speech act, social group, verbal extremism, linguistic examination of statements

References:
Verkhovsky A.M. My language... The problem of ethnic and religious intolerance in the Russian media.-M .: ROO "Center Panorama", 2002. S. 200.
Galyashina, Elena I., Vladimir D. Nikishin. 2018. "On the issue of the concept of legal and linguistic support of information (ideological) security in the digital environment." Formation of personality in modern society: Sat. scientific Proceedings of the International scientific and practical. conf., 266–269. Tomsk: National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University.
Gladilin, Alexey V. 2013. “Hate Speech in Traditional and New Media.” Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State University 21 (312): 144–153
Gritsanov, Alexander A., ​​red. 1998. The latest philosophical dictionary. Minsk: Ed. V. M. Skakun.
Denisova, Anastasia A. 2002. Hate Speech in the Russian Media: A Gender Dimension. Open womenline 4. Accessed November 14, 2022. http://www.owl.ru/win/womplus/2002/denisova2.htm.
Dubrovsky D. V., Karpenko O. V. Hate speech in the Russian-language I

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of diagnosing the form of statements in the production of forensic linguistic expertise in cases of threat. In linguocriminalism, an expert philologist has to meet with examples when, in the context of a threat, it turns into a speech utterance containing advice, recommendation, warning. The purpose of the study is to reveal the lexical and grammatical features of verbal threat markers in SMS texts and cases of their neutralization by a speech act of the council. The article considers a number of social, communicative, linguistic factors associated with verbal threat.
The reason for writing the article was the lack of a unified approach in the expert community to solving the main tasks of this kind of expertise. Conducting an examination in cases of insult has traditionally assumed the solution of two tasks: 1) establishing signs of verbal aggression in a statement addressed to a person; 2) determining the form of the statement – a threat, a warning, a recommendation.

Keywords: lexical and grammatical threat markers, speech behavior, culture of speech, conflict discourse, speech interaction, linguistic expertise, verbal aggression, conflict situations, speech genre, menace

References:
A. Kuznetsova.-St. Petersburg, 2001.-1535 p.
Large legal dictionary
Baranov A.N. Semantics of threat in the linguistic examination of the text // dialog-21.ru >digests/dialog2013///pdf/BaranovAN.pdf
Booth N.A. Some features of the use of threatening speech acts [Electronic resource] / N.A. Booth – Access mode: http://www.tstu.ru/old/education/elib/pdf/st/2004/buts.pdf .
Bystrov V.V. Functional and semantic analysis of menasive dialogic replicas: diss.. Candidate of Philology Tver, 2001, 124 p. Russian Russian language and modern Russian law
Nesterova N.N., Rabenko T.G. Linguistic means of realization of the speech genre of threat: Russian language and modern Russian law // Jurislinguistics-8: Russian language and modern Russian law. Interuniversity collection of scientific articles.-Kemerovo, Barnaul: Publishing House Alt. un., 2007.-pp. 235-244.
Tretyakova V.S. Lexical means of conflict in a communicative act// Speech aggression in modern culture. Chelyabinsk, 2005.
Tretyakova V.

Abstract: Currently, bows along with other types of throwing weapons are often dealt with in the work of forensic departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs as objects of forensic processing. Recently, the law has defined the guidelines of forensic processing of objects in terms of their belonging to such a class of throwing weapons as bows, but at the same time, there’s no unified procedure of marking the processed objects. The research subject is various types and the features of construction of bows, the problems of legislative regulation of bows circulation, and the urgent problems of forensic processing of bows. The popularisation of archery and the growth of the number of bows owners in society, as well as the accessibility of bows have defined the necessity to regulate bows circulation. However, despite the 2020 changes in certain legislative documents, many crucial issues of bows using haven’t been settled. The authors consider some topical and unsolved problems of forensic processing of bows and formulate the conclusions about throwing weapons marking using technical means, the rules of licensing, storage and circulation of bows. The authors consider the rules of forensic processing of bows as cold and throwing weapons. 
 

Keywords: bowstring, archery, arme blanche, block bow, expertise, metal weapons, classic bow, bow, lever, shoulders

References:
Federal'nyy zakon ot 13.12.1996 № 150-FZ «Ob oruzhii» (v red. ot 26.07.2019)
Federal'nyy zakon ot 24.07.2009 N 209-FZ «Ob okhote i o sokhranenii okhotnich'ikh resursov i o vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii»(red. ot 24.04.2020)
Kriminalisticheskie issledovaniya kholodnogo, metatel'nogo oruzhiya i konstruktivno skhodnykh s takim oruzhiem izdeliy: uchebnoe posobie / pod obshchey redaktsiey A.M. Gerasimova. – M.: EKTs MVD Rossii, 2005. 207 s.
GOST R 52115–2003 «Metatel'noe oruzhie. Luki sportivnye, luki dlya otdykha i razvlecheniya i strely k nim. Obshchie tekhnicheskie trebovaniya. Metody ispytaniy na bezopasnost'». – [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://www.gost.ru

Abstract: The research object is expert experiment as a method of scientific study and practical perception, and its importance for the formation of a theory of methods of forensic analysis within the general theory of forensics and authenticity of expert’s opinion. The author studies documentation of expert experiment and the problem of the influence of documentation techniques on the experiment results assessment and expert’s opinion. The article deals with the problem of assessment of the results of expert analysis and experiment by investigators and the court, and the specificity of using different forms and techniques of documenting the results of expert experiment. The research methodology is based on materialist dialectics and tre related general methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, system-structural, statistical methods, generalization of expert practices, etc. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that the present research is considered as a complex research of experiment in judicial expert practice. The aim of the research is to develop theoretical fundamentals which would organize knowledge about this method, and practical recommendations for raising the effectiveness of using its results in the activities of law-enforcement bodies.

Keywords: video recording, the evidential significance of the experiment, the truthfulness of the experiment, the combination form of fixation, methods of fixing the experiment, forms of fixing the experiment, methodology of expert experiment, expert experiment, 3D modeling, verbal form of fixation

References:
«Argumenty nedeli»: [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://argumenti.ru/society/2019/05/614178 (Data obrashcheniya: 25.05.2019).
Aver'yanova T.V. Metody sudebno-ekspertnykh issledovaniy i tendentsii ikh razvitiya: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. – Moskva: Akademiya upravleniya MVD RF, 1994 – 445 s.
Aver'yanova T.V. Sudebnaya ekspertiza. Kurs obshchey teorii / Monografiya. M.: Yur.Norma, NITs INFRA-M, 2015. 480 s.
Aver'yanova T.V., Belkin R.S., Korukhov Yu.G., Rossinskaya E.R. Kriminalistika: Ucheb. dlya vuzov / Pod red. R. S. Belkina. M., 1999.
Belkin R.S. Kurs kriminalistiki: [Elektronnyy resurs]. 2001. URL: http://be5.biz/pravo/k023/11.html. (Data obrashcheniya: 22.02.2019).
Belkin R.S. Eksperiment v sledstvennoy, sudebnoy i ekspertnoy praktike. M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1964. – 230 s.
VikipediYa. Svobodnaya entsiklopediya: [Elektronnyy resurs]. Wikipedia®. URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiksatsiya (Data obrashcheniya: 28.05.2019).
Informatsionno-pravovoy portal «Garant.ru»: [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: https://base.garant.ru/12123142

Abstract: The author considers such aspects as the use of information tracks for the investigation of cybercrimes; proposes a well-elaborated system of interaction and presentation of the information in a flow graph for further classification of cybercrimes. The research object is cybercrime, which can be seen in information tracks, and tactical and technical mechanisms of detection, storage and subtraction of information tracks. The research subject is the cybercrime patterns leaving information marks, and the activities of law enforcement agencies aimed at the detection, fixation and use of such tracks for investigation of crimes. Special attention is given to the new principle of systematization of codes characterizing cybercrimes on the basis of object decomposition. The author uses the principles of object decomposition for the systematization of ID codes characterizing cybercrimes. The research methodology has the following peculiarities: investigative activities aimed at the acquisition of primary information; typification of investigatory situations; detection of circumstances; development of investigatory programs; organization of preventive activities of investigators; tactics of investigatory and other actions. The author concludes that analysis, identification and classification of cybercrimes are among the main and the most difficult tasks due to the extending range of such crimes and constant development of the means of transmission and storage of information. It requires not only a special tactics of investigatory and organizational activities, but, first and utmost, special knowledge in the sphere of information technologies. All the codes, characterizing cybercrimes, have an identifier starting with “Q”. For the identification of crimes, codes in descending order of gravity of a crime can be used. The author proposes the object decomposition principle, based on ID codes decoding, the system of interaction, and the presentation of information in a flow graph for further visualization. It will help an expert to classify the committed cybercrime quickly and accurately and assign to it a certain code. 

Keywords: system approach, system, codes, information tracks, Cybercrime, identification, systematization, object decomposition principle, classification, forensics and expertise

References:
Yuridicheskoe zaklyuchenie Kafedry YuNESKO po avtorskomu pravu i inym pravam intellektual'noy sobstvennosti o pravovoy prirode saytov v seti Internet - http://www.unescochair.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id5&Itemid=18 (data obrashcheniya: 31.08.2012).
Proekt rezolyutsii General'noy assamblei OON (ot 18.12.2013 g.). N68/167 Pravo na neprikosnovennost' lichnoy zhizni v tsifrovuyu epokhu - http://www.lawtrend.org/pdf-viewer?file=http://www.lawtrend.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/2013_UN_68_167.pdf (data obrashcheniya 01.02.2017)
Konventsiya o prestupnosti v sfere komp'yuternoy informatsii (ETS N 185) [rus., angl.] (Zaklyuchena v g. Budapeshte 23.11.2001) (s izm. ot 28.01.2003) - http://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=INT;n=13526#0 (data obrashcheniya 01.02.2017)
Deklaratsiya po itogam konferentsii, materialy konferentsii i teksty vystupleniy natsional'nykh i mezhdunarodnykh ekspertov na 12-y Tsentral'noaziatskoy konferentsii SMI, Dushanbe, Tadzhikistan, 25-26 maya 2010 g. - http://www.osce.org/ru/f

Abstract: The subject of this scientific research is the regularities of formation, collection and studying of traces of thefts in the sphere of information technologies. Thefts in the sphere of IT are a type of crimes encroaching on another’s property committed via using information technologies as means of theft. There are three types of thefts in the sphere of computer information: computer fraud, theft and embezzlement in the sphere of information technologies. Crime traces are formed in the process of committing of thefts in the sphere of information technologies. Thereby the purpose of the study is to develop a classification of traces of thefts in the sphere of information technologies based on the features of traces of computer fraud, theft and embezzlement. The author uses methods of theoretical and practical levels: the method of analogy, comparison, measurement, the method of microscopic examination, and the methods of forensic science. The author formulates the groups of traces in the sphere of information technologies, describes the features of traces of certain types of thefts. The first group of traces represents the changes in the familiar environment: a mechanical damage caused by using technical devices in the process of committing a crime, fingerprints, etc. And the second group of traces represents the changes in the information environment, the sphere of information technologies: traces of creating, copying and modifying, removing and sending data, using computer program, computer virus, electronic document and electronic digital signature. The results can be used for the formulation of recommendations for the investigation of thefts in the sphere of information technologies and other crimes committed via computer programs and technical devices in this sphere.

Keywords: traces of mechanical impact, types of traces, traces of thefts, embezzlement, theft, computer fraud, thefts, information technologies, changes in the information environment, electronic storage device

References:
Ryasov A. A., Gontar' S. N. K voprosu o klassifikatsii trasologicheskikh sledov // Mir nauki, kul'tury, obrazovaniya. № 5 (48). 2014. S. 307.
Rossinskaya E. R. K voprosu o chastnoy teorii informatsionno-komp'yuternogo obespecheniya kriminalisticheskoy deyatel'nosti // Izvestiya Tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki. № 3-2. 2016. S. 112.
Belkin R. S. Izbrannye trudy / Rafail Samuilovich Belkin. – M.: Norma, 2016. – 768 s.
Internet-portal Gosudarstvennoy avtomatizirovannoy sistemy «Pravosudie». URL: https://sudrf.ru (data obrashcheniya: 01.02.2017).
Problemy raskrytiya i rassledovaniya kiberprestupleniy: monografiya / L.P. Zveryanskaya – Krasnoyarsk: Sib. Feder. Un-t, 2016. – 176 s.
Kriminalistika XXI veka: strategiya i taktika razvitiya: kollektivnaya monografiya / otv. red. E. P. Ishchenko. – Moskva: Prospekt, 2016. – 208 s.

Abstract: The subject of the study is the set of different approaches of forensic science to the definition of a concept of "criminalistic support for the investigation of crimes", to its essence and significance from the scientific and practical point of view, as well as the relationship of this concept with the methods of scientific knowledge and criminalistics.The object of the study is the emergence, formation and development of the scientific category of "criminalistic support for the investigation of crimes." The author considers the possibilities to solve the legal, organizational, scientific-methodological and scientific-technical issues, which form the basis of criminalistic support. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical-materialistic method of scientific cognition, general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, comparison, the system-structural and logical methods), special juridical instruments and methods of cognition guaranteeing the completeness and comprehensiveness of the study of criminalistic support for investigation of crimes as a scientific category. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the author substantiates the relevance and expediency, reveals the essence of criminal investigation of crimes, acquires new information and formulates the conclusion about the scientific category of forensic support for investigation of car thefts as a method of forensic science. The author offers his own definition of a car theft.

Keywords: Forensic knowledge, Forensics' functions, Car theft, Forensic support, investigation of crimes, Forensic method, method, Criminology, Introduction, Scientific category

References:
Aksenov R. G., Akimov S. R. Kriminalisticheskoe obespechenie rassledovaniya kriminal'nykh bankrotstv. – Tyumen', 2006. 218 s.
Belkin R. S. Kurs kriminalistiki: V 3-kh t. T.1: Obshchaya teoriya kriminalistiki. – M., 1997. 521 s.
Volynskiy A. F. Kriminalisticheskoe obespechenie raskrytiya i rassledovaniya prestupleniy // Kriminalistika: uchebnik / Pod red. A. F. Volynskogo, V. P. Lavrova. – M., 2013. 943 s.
Goryachev E. K. Taktiko-kriminalisticheskoe obespechenie raskrytiya i rassledovaniya prestupleniy: Dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. – M., 2004. 200 s.
Gross G. Rukovodstvo dlya sudebnykh sledovateley kak sistema kriminalistiki. Novoe izd., perepech. s izd. 1908 g. – M., 2002. 1088 s.
Gustov G. A. K razrabotke kriminalisticheskoy teorii rassledovaniya // Gustov G. A. Izbrannoe: Stat'i. – SPb, 2002. S. 207-210.
Kolomatskiy V. G. K istorii kriminalisticheskogo obespecheniya rassledovaniya prestupleniy // Kriminalisticheskoe obespechenie bor'by s prestupnost'yu: Informatsionnyy byulleten' po materialam kriminalisticheskikh chteniy. – M., 2