Abstract: The results of sociological surveys conducted within the framework of the International Social Research Program are analyzed. The aim of the work is to identify the peculiarities of Russians' perception of environmental security challenges, in comparison with the perceptions of residents of other states. Environmental safety is considered as an integral part of national security. The important role of sociological surveys as a tool for providing feedback to the population is noted. The views of Russians about the importance of the problem of the state of the environment are considered. The method of collecting primary sociological information is a formalized face–to-face interview conducted at the respondents' place of residence. A multi-stage random sample represents the adult population of the country. It is stated that environmental issues are not among the most acute and urgent problems for the population. In Russia, problems related to economic and physical security come to the fore. At the same time, the reflection of the urgency of the problem in the public consciousness is dissonant with the data of objective environmental control. The existence of a strong connection between the level of economic development of the country and the importance of the environmental problem for the population is revealed. It is concluded that the differences in assessments are largely related to the transformations of value attitudes, the transition from survival values to self-expression values, egocentric and humanistic perception of threats. It is noted that in the mass consciousness of Russians, challenges and threats that directly affect the population, related to the current state of the environment, are being actualized. Among the most serious challenges to environmental safety, residents of the country most often mention air pollution, household waste disposal and water pollution. At the same time, the potential environmental threat fades into the background. Climate change is much less often considered by Russians as the main challenge to environmental security. It is stated that the differences in the perception of challenges are largely due to the relatively low level of ecological culture of the country's population.

Keywords: environmental pollution, global climate change, environment, ecological culture, ecological threats, ecological challenges, national security, environmental security, air pollution, water pollution

References:
Antonova, N.L., & Abramova, S.B., Hafizova, V.R. (2021). Ecological safety of the urban environment in the system of youth ideas about the future. PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin, 1, 21–30.
Gadzhiev, N.G., & Konovalenko, S.A., Trofimov, M.N., Gadzhiev, A.N. (2021). The role and importance of environmental security in the system of ensuring the economic security of the state. South of Russia: ecology, development, 16 (3), 200–214.
Dzhakupova, I.B., & Bozhbanov, A.Zh., Egeubaeva, S.S. (2022). The structure of environmental safety in the educational space of the university. CITISE, 1, 278–289. doi: 10.15350/2409-7616.2022.1.24
Ivleva, M.L., & Ivlev, V.Yu., Kurilov, S.N. (2019). The problem of the formation of the social paradigm of ecocentrism: the experience of philosophical understanding of sociological research at a university. RUDN Journal of Sociology, 4, 692–706. doi: 10.22363/2313-2272-2019-19-4-692-706
Igebaeva, F.A. (2015). Environmental safety in the Republic of Bashkortostan (so

Abstract: The presented work examines terrorist violence at the subnational level, taking into account the fact that the regions of residence of politically excluded ethnic groups are exposed to a higher terrorist risk. Moreover, this risk may be exacerbated by the high population density of the region, the level of economic development and the type of political regime of the country. There is some reason to believe that the influence of political isolation may also be more likely to motivate cases of ethnic violence when this exclusion is combined with numerous local and country conditions that increase awareness of group competition and unequal distribution of socio-economic resources. The study uses geocoded incidents of terrorist attacks within States in combination with a set of data on ethnic groups' access to political power in the country and an additional set of control variables. The analysis focuses on the assessment of domestic terrorism incidents for 185 countries in 1970-2019. Logistic regression with random effects was used to verify the assumptions made. In general, it was found that ethnic political isolation is an important risk factor for local terrorist violence. It was also revealed that more densely populated and affluent regions are at much greater risk of violence if at least one excluded ethnic group is present in them. These trends are much more pronounced in democratic countries, in which cases of political isolation are deviations rather than the norm.

Keywords: economic development, terrain of attacks, geography of violence, civil war, political isolation, ethnic groups, the risk of terrorism, terrorism, logistic regression, probability

References:
Beida I.A. Ethnic element of terrorism: historical aspect // Issues of Russian and international law.-2020.-Vol. 10.-No. 11-1.-pp. 9-14.
Garr T. R. Why people rebel / St. Petersburg: Peter, 2005.-461 p.
Horowitz D.L. Ethnic groups in conflict: theories, patterns and politics / reprinted with a new preface, Moscow:-2000.-356 p.
Grigorieva K. Is ethnic discrimination in the fight against crime and terrorism a matter of common sense? // Sociological Review.-2019.-Vol. 18.-No. 1.-pp. 107-139.
Gurba V.N., Fokin N.I. Ethnonational factors of terrorism // Bulletin of Continuing Education.-2015.-No. 1.-pp. 42-52.
Kamara S. The relationship between ethnicity, separatist sentiment and terrorism in the Sahel countries: on the example of the Republic of Mali // Questions of political science.-2019.-T. 9.-№ 11 (51).-Pp. 2473-2479.
Korotaev A., Vaskin I., Romanov D. Democracy and terrorism: a new look at an old problem // Sociological Review.-2019.-Vol. 18.-No. 3.-pp. 9-48.
Kochoi S.M. The conce

Abstract: The subject of this research is the key element of ensuring the economic interests of company owners – the system of risk management and internal control. Special attention  is given to the methodology of risk management for the analysis of normative documents – laws, recommendations and standards, as well as the experience of their practical application. Comparative analysis is conducted on the corporate norms with the approaches in national strategic goal-setting with regards to national, economic and energy security, in order to develop the theory and practice of ensuring economic security of the economic entities based on the instruments devised within the system of national goal-setting. The object of this research is the economic entities and investment projects of fuel and energy complex. The scientific novelty lies in adjustment of the hierarchy of construction of challenges, threats and risks of the national strategic goal-setting in the sphere of economic security to solution of the tasks aimed at ensuring economic security of the economic entities. The relevance of the acquired results is substantiated by the difference of the authorial approach towards risk analysis in fuel and energy complex in the economic entities. Comparing to the approach of standards recommended by the economic activity regulators, which implies a single category of insecurities – “risk”, the distinction consists in implementation of the concept of hierarchical construction of the system of insecurities: challenge, threat, risk (concepts from the goal-setting documents on ensuring economic security of the state) in the new sphere of risk management of the economic entity. The authors’ original research indicate that introduction of the hierarchy of insecurities (challenges, threats, and risks) at the stage of risk identification allows simplifying and clarifying the procedure of risk assessment.

Keywords: risk assessment, internal control, risk management, hierarchy, risks, threats, challenges, economic security, national security, energy security

References:
Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 13 maya 2019 g. № 216 «Ob utverzhdenii Doktriny energeticheskoy bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii»
Komzolov A. A., Kos'minova A. E. Kontseptsiya protsessno-orientirovannogo analiza riskov investitsionnykh proektov // Audit i finansovyy analiz. 2019. № 4. S. 118-123.
COSO Enterprise Risk Management-Integrating with Strategy and Performance, 2017.
Komzolov A. A., Kirichenko O. S., Kuznetsov I. A. Razvitie metodologii otsenki ekonomicheskoy effektivnosti investitsionnykh proektov a gazovoy otrasli // Neft', gaz i biznes. 2017. № 9. S. 54-58.
Komzolov A. A. Teoriya i metodologiya analiza real'nykh investitsiy // Audit i finansovyy analiz. 2006. № 3. S. 121-141.
Kirichenko O. S., Komzolov A. A., Kirichenko T. V., Nazarova Y. A., Shcherbakova N. S. DIVERSIFICATION OF RUSSIAN OIL AND GAS UPSTREAM COMPANIES // International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy. 2020. T. 10. № 3. S. 112-118.
Soklakova I. V., Gorlov V. V., Pashkov P. A. Povyshenie effektivnosti sistemy upravleniya riskami // Vestnik

Abstract: Terrorist threat in Europe according to the Europol estimate will increase by 2017. Therefore, based on experience of the European Union member-state, the object of this research is the problematic questions of organization of the activities of police and special services in countering terrorism.  The subject is the certain directions in improving the counterterrorism in the Russian Federation. The goal of the work lies in establishment of the significant regularities of modern law enforcement activity in the European Union in the field of countering terrorism that can affect the improvement of similar activities in the Russian Federation. The study applies the general scientific and special-legal methods of cognition, which ensure objectivity, historicism and comparativism of examining the law enforcement activity in the European Union member-states pertinent to the suppression of terrorist. The following principles are included: development of the subject of research, its logical certainty, historical concreteness, and the dialectical connection between the logical and historical  ways of cognition, the systemic and comprehensive nature of research; General scientific approaches: systemic, genetic, activity; Methods of analysis and synthesis, cultural and historical analysis, methods of comparative study, legal interpretation, and other research tools of the modern humanitaristics. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that the European experience of legal and organizational regulation of the activities of police and special services in the field of countering terrorism has been poorly studied in our country. The majority of scientific works in this area focus attention on the political or sociological aspects of domestic and foreign policy of the European Union in ensuring the “unified European security space".

Keywords: antiterrorist management, antiterrorist security management, separatism, extremism, jihadism, terrorist networks, European Union, Terrorism, Islamic state, Al Qaeda

References:
The European Union Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (TE-SAT) 2017. – Hague: Europol, 2017. – 62 p. ISBN 978-92-95200-79-1. DOI 10.2813/237471 // URL: https://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/tesat2017.pdf (data obrashcheniya 15.06.2017).
EU terrorism report: 142 failed, foiled and completed attacks, 1002 arrests and 142 victims died: press release of Europol // URL: https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/2017-eu-terrorism-report-142-failed-foiled-and-completed-attacks-1002-arrests-and-142-victims-died (data obrashcheniya 15.06.2017).
Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, Article 2. Rezhim dostupa [svobodnyy] po URL: http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm/the-lisbon-treaty/treaty-on-european-union-and-comments/ title-1-common-provisions/2-article-2.html (data obrashcheniya 10.08.2016).
Global Terrorism Index 2015: Measuring and Understanding the Impact of Terrorism. – Sydney; N.Y.; L.: Institute for Economics and Peace, 2015

Abstract: The author of the article completes methodological developments in the sphere of assessment of fragmentary economic security by including dependent fragmentary economic security into the research structure. The author underlines the fact that effects of the relation between economics (so called adhesion effect) as well as the relation between economic agents within the economy (cohesion effect) altogether create certain grounds for viewing their interactions, in particular, economic security, from the point of view of the ‘Self – Others in General’ model.

Keywords: economics, economic security, free trade, mutual penetration of economics, substitution for domestic production, fragmentary security, economical fixation, autarchy, allowed import, globalization.

References:
1. Avdiyskiy V.I., Bezdenezhnykh V.M. Neopredelennost', izmenchivost' i protivorechivost' v zadachakh analiza riskov povedeniya ekonomicheskikh sistem // Effektivnoe antikrizisnoe upravlenie, № 3 (66), 2011. – s. 44-61

Abstract: The goal of this article is to analyze the causes for the substitution of the national currency for the US Dollar in the Ecuador and Salvador, as well as to evaluate the political and economic influence of dollarization in these states. Dollarization was meant to stop hyper-inflation and to bring stability to Ecuador, and it was meant to facilitate the economic growth in the Salvador, however, the positive attitudes soon were weakened. The object of study is positive and negative influences of dollarization in these states. By comparative analysis of dollarization in Ecuador and Salvador the author means to evaluate the following issues: a) Why the governments of Ecuador and Salvador started to use the US Dollar instead of the national currencies, and what the motives for such decisions were; b) political and economic profits from dollarization in these states. While Ecuador and Salvador are similar in many respects, they have just as many differences. They were both dollarized at about the same time – 2000 and 2001. They are both parts of the Latin American region. The states were in different conditions prior to dollarization and they had different motives for the transfer to a different currency. In Ecuador dollarization was used as an instrument in order to deal with the financial crisis, while there was no financial crisis in Salvador prior to dollarization. The analysis of the process in both states allows one to understand the reasons for such radical political decisions. The article is based on written sources of the period between October and December of 2006. The primary sources were the official political documents of these states, as well as official statements of members of government, and official statistics of the banks of these states. The secondary sources were the reports on the states by various international organizations, such as the World Bank and the IMF. Based on the results of the study one may establish that in the short-term perspective the stability and trust to politics are enhanced by dollarization, but there is also need for the reforms in order to support the long-term stability. Dollarization should be followed by the structural reforms in order to achieve economic growth in the longterm perspectives. According to the empiric analysis of the two states, the transfer to a different currency in itself does not stimulate the economic growth.

Keywords: economics, dollarization, hyper-inflation, growth, process, reforms, finances, system, states.

References:
Berríos, Rubén (2006) Cost and Benefit of Ecuador’s Dollarization Ex-perience, Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, Volume 5, is-sue 1-2.
Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador –Monetary Integration, Main aspects of the lawhttp://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/integracion/ley.html
Emanuel, Carlos J. (2002) Minister of Economy and Finance of Ecuador Dollarization in Ecuador: a definite step toward a real economy Documents on Andean Integration, The Andean Community (12 December 2006)
Eichengreen, Barry (2002), When to dollarize. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 34, No. 1. pp 1-24.
Humpage, Owen F., (2002) An Incentive-Compatible Suggestion for Sei-gniorage Sharing with Dollarizing Countries, Policy Discussion Paper, Num-ber 4, June, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
IMF Country Report No. 06/98 (2006) March.
INEC-Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos, Quito, Ecuador, Evo-lución del desempleo.
Larrea, Carlos (2004) Ecuadors Dollar Doldrums, Tra

Abstract: In order to find the way out of the global financial and economic crisis the President offered a program for the modernization of the Russian economy, namely its transfer to the innovation path. That is why there is need for the efficient systems for the investment management in the sphere of innovative projects, taking into account the lack of the information for the interested users in the existing system. Based on the above-mentioned matters, it should be stated that currently the scientific world lacks the rule for the accounting and analysis of the input into the investment projects.

Keywords: economics, improvement, management, accounting, spendings, analysis, input, innovation projects, investments, oil and gas industry.

References:
Aleksandrov O.A. Metodologicheskie osnovy upravlencheskogo monitoringa // Ekonomicheskiy analiz. – 2008. – N 8(23).
Ilysheva A.M., Dyatkov A.A. Zamedlenie innovatsionnogo razvitiya, regional'naya bezopasnost' i territorial'naya tselostnost' strany // Natsional'nye interesy: prioritety i bezopasnost'. – 2008. – № 5 (26)
Kovalev V.V. Uchet, analiz i finansovyy menedzhment. – M.: Finansy i statistika, 2009.
Chaya V.T. Analiticheskoe obosnovanie stanovleniya i razvitiya sistemy upravlencheskogo ucheta / V.T. Chaya, N.I. Chupakhina // Ekonomicheskiy analiz: teoriya i praktika, 2009. N 18 (sentyabr'). SPS «Garant»

Abstract: The article considers the problems of realization of Russian national interests in their dynamics. The author analyzed the wide range of alternative programs and doctrines articulated and declared by the representatives of the leading social and political organizations, parties and movements belonging to various segments of the political spectrum of the country. It is concluded that the process of realization of national interests in Russia is an integrated manifestation of the basic interests of a person, society and government and has always been of very contradictory nature.

Keywords: political sciences, politics, national interest, solidity, modernization, contradictions, territory, integrity, priorities, Russia

References: