Review: This article is dedicated to the modern trends of the transformation of consular functions in the conditions of globalization. Radical changes in modern global economic connections and migration processes demonstrate the importance and significance of the legal regulation of consular relations from the perspectives of both international and national laws. In this research, the consular law and consular service is being examined through the prism of new challenges associated with such phenomena as increased travel, natural disasters, civil wars, multiple citizenship, international employment, pension issues, child abductions, forced marriages, sex tourism and human trafficking, all of which significantly impact the transformation of consular functions at the present stage. These factors substantiate the growth in demand for quality and efficient consular services, which in turn affect the transformation of consular functions in the modern conditions. This research allowed the author to highlight three key vectors of the work of governments in this area: expansion of consular functions in accordance with demand; management of expectations for the purpose of affecting the growing demand; introduction of improvements into the sphere of consular services in order to meet the demands.

Keywords: Consular services, Communication innovations, Technological innovation, ICT, Collaboration, International cooperation, NGO partnership, Consular functions, Consulate , Globalization

References:
Lapin G.E. Consulskaya slujba: Uchebnoye posobiye. – 3 – izd., pererab. i dop. – M.: Mejdunarodniye otnosheniya, 2012.
Karen Tindall, “Governments' Ability to Assist Nationals in Disasters Abroad: What Do We Know about Consular Emergency Management?” Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 20.2 (2012).
Xia Liping, “China's Consular Service Reformand Changesin Diplomacy,” in Consular Affairs and Diplomacy (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2011)
International Organization for Migration and Migration Policy Institute, Developing a Road Map for Engaging Diasporas in Development: A Handbook for Policymakers and Practitioners in Home and Host Countries, 2012, online: http://www.gfmd.org/documents/pfp/diasporahandbook/Diaspora_Handbook_For%20Web_17April2012.pdf
Canadian DFAIT, “Consular Services,” online: http://travel.gc.ca/about/assistance/consular
Fergus Hanson, Baked In and Wired: eDiplomacy@State, Brookings Institute, October 2012, online: http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2012/10/25-diplomacy-hanson
Donna Hamilton, “The United States Experience,” in Consular Affairs and Diplomacy (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2011)
Xia Liping, “China's Consular Service Reformand Changesin Diplomacy,” in Consular Affairs and Diplomacy (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2011)
Maaike Okano-Heijmans, “Changein Consular Assistance and the Emergence of Consular Diplomacy,” chapter 1 in Consular Affairs and Diplomacy (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2011)
DFAIT, “Further Strengthening the Canada-United Kingdom Partnership,” 24 September 2012, online: http://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-communiques/2012/09/24a.aspx?lang=eng&view=d.
Stephanie Buus, “The People’s Home goes Gulliver: Sweden and the 2004 tsunami crisis” 1(3-4) International Journal of Tourism Anthropology (2011); Sweden and the Tsunami: Evaluation and Proposals, Swedish Tsunami Commission, Stockholm, 2005.
ASEAN, Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response, Work Programme for 2010-2015, online: http://www.asean.org/resources/publications/asean-publications/item/asean-agreement-on-disaster-management-and-emergency-responce-work-programme-for-2010-2015
Piyasiri Wickramasekara, “Something is Better than Nothing: Enhancing the protection of Indian migrant workers through Bilateral Agreements and Memoranda of Understanding,” Migrant Forum in Asia, February 2012

References (transliteration):
Lapin G.E. Consulskaya slujba: Uchebnoye posobiye. – 3 – izd., pererab. i dop. – M.: Mejdunarodniye otnosheniya, 2012.
Karen Tindall, “Governments' Ability to Assist Nationals in Disasters Abroad: What Do We Know about Consular Emergency Management?” Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 20.2 (2012).
Xia Liping, “China's Consular Service Reformand Changesin Diplomacy,” in Consular Affairs and Diplomacy (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2011)
International Organization for Migration and Migration Policy Institute, Developing a Road Map for Engaging Diasporas in Development: A Handbook for Policymakers and Practitioners in Home and Host Countries, 2012, online: http://www.gfmd.org/documents/pfp/diasporahandbook/Diaspora_Handbook_For%20Web_17April2012.pdf
Canadian DFAIT, “Consular Services,” online: http://travel.gc.ca/about/assistance/consular
Fergus Hanson, Baked In and Wired: eDiplomacy@State, Brookings Institute, October 2012, online: http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2012/10/25-diplomacy-hanson
Donna Hamilton, “The United States Experience,” in Consular Affairs and Diplomacy (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2011)
Xia Liping, “China's Consular Service Reformand Changesin Diplomacy,” in Consular Affairs and Diplomacy (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2011)
Maaike Okano-Heijmans, “Changein Consular Assistance and the Emergence of Consular Diplomacy,” chapter 1 in Consular Affairs and Diplomacy (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2011)
DFAIT, “Further Strengthening the Canada-United Kingdom Partnership,” 24 September 2012, online: http://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-communiques/2012/09/24a.aspx?lang=eng&view=d.
Stephanie Buus, “The People’s Home goes Gulliver: Sweden and the 2004 tsunami crisis” 1(3-4) International Journal of Tourism Anthropology (2011); Sweden and the Tsunami: Evaluation and Proposals, Swedish Tsunami Commission, Stockholm, 2005.
ASEAN, Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response, Work Programme for 2010-2015, online: http://www.asean.org/resources/publications/asean-publications/item/asean-agreement-on-disaster-management-and-emergency-responce-work-programme-for-2010-2015
Piyasiri Wickramasekara, “Something is Better than Nothing: Enhancing the protection of Indian migrant workers through Bilateral Agreements and Memoranda of Understanding,” Migrant Forum in Asia, February 2012

Review: This work analyzes the legal regimes within which the personnel of private military and security companies (PMSC) are allowed to use force. Analysis is conducted on the consequences for the legal status of the personnel of PMSC in cases of application of various regimes. The author clarifies the notion of direct involvement in military activity and legal consequences. Pertaining to the legal regime of self-defense the author provides requirements that should be met in order to use force and not lose the protection of international law. It is determined that the personnel of PMSC can use force only within the framework of two legal regimes: direct involvement in armed conflict, and self-defense. The author concludes that vast majority of the PMSC personnel does not have the status of combatants and their direct involvement in military action can lead to loss of protection that is given to them as civilians by international law. Thus, the only solution for the personnel of PMSC is use of force in the regime of self-defense. It should be noted that this is only allowed with regards to objects protected by international law (civilian population and objects), otherwise their actions would be considered as direct involvement in military operations.

Keywords: Rules of engagement , Non-combatant, Combatant, Self-defense, Military operation, Use of force, International law, Human rights law, International humanitarian law, Private military company

References:
De Nevers R. Private security companies and the law of war// Security dialogue. 2009. ¹2. rp.169-190
Corn G. Unarmed but how dangerous? Civilian augmentees, the law of armed conflict and the search for more effective test for permissible civilian battlefield function// Journal of national security law and policy. 2008. ¹2, rr.257-287
Dinstein Y. The Conduct of Hostilities under the Law of International Armed Conflict.Cambridge. 2004. pp.320
ICRC. Fifth Expert Meeting on Notion of Direct participation in Hostilities: Summary report. 2008.pp.78
Francioni F., Ronzitti N. War by contract: human rights, humanitarian law and private contractors. Oxford. 2011.pp.532
ICRC. Fourth expert meeting on the notion of direct participation in hostilities : summary report. 2006. pp.85
Melzer. N, Interpretive Guidance on Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities.ICRC. Geneva. 2009, pp.92
Raad D. “Armed attack” after the “Oil Platform case”// Leiden journal of international law. 2004. ¹17, rr.719-735
O’Connell M. Defining armed conflict// Journal of conflict and security law, 2008. ¹3. rp.394-400
Sandoz Y., Swinarsky C., Zimmermann B. (ed) Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949.(Geneva. 1987.pp.1944
Sassoli M., Cameron L., The Protection of Civilian Objects Current State of the Law and Issues de Lege Ferenda, in Ronzziti N., Venturini G. (eds), Current Issues in the International Humanitarian Law of Air Warfare. Utrecht. Eleven. 2005, pp. 35-74
Schmitt M. The Interpretive Guidance on Notion on Direct Participation in Hostilities: A Critical Analysis//Harvard National Security Law Journal vol.1. 2010.pp.20-43
Schmitt M., Pejic J. International law and armed conflict: Exploring the Faultlines, BRILL. 2007. pp.590
Solis G. The law of armed conflict: international humanitarian law in war. Cambridge.2010. p.659
Venice Commission, Report on private military and security firms and erosion the state monopoly on the use of force(CDL-AD(2009)038. Study 531/2009)june 2009
Nebol'sina M.A. Chastnye voennye i okhrannye kompanii v Irake i Afganistane: aspekty deyatel'nosti i mekhanizmy kontrolya // Ezhegodnik IMI.2011 ss.288-307
Rusinova V.N. Rukovodstvo Mezhdunarodnogo komiteta Krasnogo kresta po tolkovaniyu ponyatiya «neposredstvennoe uchastie v voennykh deystviyakh»: pro et contra // Moskovskiy zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava. 2011. ¹ 4. S. 19-36
Syrkhaev A.A. Privatizatsiya voyny v SShA // Istoriya gosudarstva i prava. 2012. N 16. S. 46 – 48
Savryga K.P. Chastnye voennye i okhrannye kompanii po mezhdunarodnomu pravu// Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii-International law and international organization.2013 ¹4, ss.456-464
Cockayne J. The global organization of legitimate violence: military entrepreneurs and the private face of international humanitarian law//International review of the Red Cross. Vol.88. ¹863. 2006. pp.459-490
Cameron L. and Chetail V., Privatizing War: Private Military and Security Companies under Public International Law. Cambridge. 2013.pp.720
E. Yu. Bondarenko. Mezhdunarodno-pravovye aspekty voennogo plena v mezhgosudarstvennykh i rossiyskikh normativno-pravovykh aktakh kontsa XIX – XX vv. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107.
T.U. Khakimov. Razvitie normativno-pravovoy bazy rezhimov chrezvychaynogo i voennogo polozheniya // Pravo i politika. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.01.8
Yu.A. Razumov. Genezis implementatsii norm mezhdunarodnogo prava v voennoy i pogranichnoy sferakh: periody i faktory // Pravo i politika. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.01.15
Kostyukhin A.A.. Zapadnaya ekspertnaya otsenka vozmozhnostey i perspektiv voennogo sotrudnichestva s gosudarstvami Tsentral'noy Azii // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560Kh.2013.01.8
A.A. Semyachkin. Sovremennoe sostoyanie rossiysko-indiyskikh otnosheniy v sfere voenno-tekhnicheskogo sotrudnichestva // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.01.4
A.V. Fomin. Normativno-pravovye aspekty voenno-tekhnicheskogo sotrudnichestva Rossii s gosudarstvami-chlenami ODKB // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1812 – 8696.2013.02.8
Shinin O.V.. Organizatsiya organami Sovetskoy vlasti Amurskoy oblasti voennoy agenturnoy razvedki v 1920 g. // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. – 2013. – ¹ 5. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2013.5.8839
Savryga K.P.. Chastnye voennye i okhrannye kompanii po mezhdunarodnomu pravu // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10098
Trunov I.L.. Pravovoe regulirovanie chastnykh voennykh kompaniy // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2013. – ¹ 11. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.11.9670
Sergunin A.A. KONTsEPT «VOENNAYa BEZOPASNOST'» I EVOLYuTsIYa VOENNO-POLITIChESKOGO MYShLENIYa POSTSOVETSKOY ROSSII // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'. — 2012.-¹ 2.-S.119-140. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0417.2012.2.183. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/nb/article_183.html
Razumov Yu.A. Nekotorye konstitutsionno-pravovoye osobennosti realizatsii norm mezhdunarodnogo prava v voennoy sfere v zarubezhnykh stranakh // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.171-183. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.684. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_684.html
Danilov A.P.. Voennyy aspekt arkticheskoy politiki Rossii. // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2013. – ¹ 6. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.6.9904
Andryushin S.V. Rol' Evropeyskogo oboronnogo agentstva v voennoy integratsii Evropeyskogo Soyuza // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'. — 2013.-¹ 6.-S.31-44. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0417.2013.6.10681. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/nb/article_10681.htm
Sazonova K.L. Institut otvetstvennosti gosudarstv za primenenie sily: sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2012. - 3. - C. 78 - 91. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_255.html
M. R. Khubieva Konkurentsiya yurisdiktsiy v sluchae predpisaniya vremennykh mer pravovoy zashchity pri razreshenii mezhdunarodnykh morskikh sporov // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2012. - 2. - C. 119 - 123.
A. R. Khagush Rol' mezhdunarodnykh dvustoronnikh dogovorov v regulirovanii voenno-tekhnicheskogo sotrudnichestva Rossii s inostrannymi gosudarstvami // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2012. - 2. - C. 124 - 132.
D. E. Vidus Otvetstvennost' gosudarstv za genotsid // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2012. - 2. - C. 92 - 102.

References (transliteration):
De Nevers R. Private security companies and the law of war// Security dialogue. 2009. ¹2. rp.169-190
Corn G. Unarmed but how dangerous? Civilian augmentees, the law of armed conflict and the search for more effective test for permissible civilian battlefield function// Journal of national security law and policy. 2008. ¹2, rr.257-287
Dinstein Y. The Conduct of Hostilities under the Law of International Armed Conflict.Cambridge. 2004. pp.320
ICRC. Fifth Expert Meeting on Notion of Direct participation in Hostilities: Summary report. 2008.pp.78
Francioni F., Ronzitti N. War by contract: human rights, humanitarian law and private contractors. Oxford. 2011.pp.532
ICRC. Fourth expert meeting on the notion of direct participation in hostilities : summary report. 2006. pp.85
Melzer. N, Interpretive Guidance on Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities.ICRC. Geneva. 2009, pp.92
Raad D. “Armed attack” after the “Oil Platform case”// Leiden journal of international law. 2004. ¹17, rr.719-735
O’Connell M. Defining armed conflict// Journal of conflict and security law, 2008. ¹3. rp.394-400
Sandoz Y., Swinarsky C., Zimmermann B. (ed) Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949.(Geneva. 1987.pp.1944
Sassoli M., Cameron L., The Protection of Civilian Objects Current State of the Law and Issues de Lege Ferenda, in Ronzziti N., Venturini G. (eds), Current Issues in the International Humanitarian Law of Air Warfare. Utrecht. Eleven. 2005, pp. 35-74
Schmitt M. The Interpretive Guidance on Notion on Direct Participation in Hostilities: A Critical Analysis//Harvard National Security Law Journal vol.1. 2010.pp.20-43
Schmitt M., Pejic J. International law and armed conflict: Exploring the Faultlines, BRILL. 2007. pp.590
Solis G. The law of armed conflict: international humanitarian law in war. Cambridge.2010. p.659
Venice Commission, Report on private military and security firms and erosion the state monopoly on the use of force(CDL-AD(2009)038. Study 531/2009)june 2009
Nebol'sina M.A. Chastnye voennye i okhrannye kompanii v Irake i Afganistane: aspekty deyatel'nosti i mekhanizmy kontrolya // Ezhegodnik IMI.2011 ss.288-307
Rusinova V.N. Rukovodstvo Mezhdunarodnogo komiteta Krasnogo kresta po tolkovaniyu ponyatiya «neposredstvennoe uchastie v voennykh deystviyakh»: pro et contra // Moskovskiy zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava. 2011. ¹ 4. S. 19-36
Syrkhaev A.A. Privatizatsiya voyny v SShA // Istoriya gosudarstva i prava. 2012. N 16. S. 46 – 48
Savryga K.P. Chastnye voennye i okhrannye kompanii po mezhdunarodnomu pravu// Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii-International law and international organization.2013 ¹4, ss.456-464
Cockayne J. The global organization of legitimate violence: military entrepreneurs and the private face of international humanitarian law//International review of the Red Cross. Vol.88. ¹863. 2006. pp.459-490
Cameron L. and Chetail V., Privatizing War: Private Military and Security Companies under Public International Law. Cambridge. 2013.pp.720
E. Yu. Bondarenko. Mezhdunarodno-pravovye aspekty voennogo plena v mezhgosudarstvennykh i rossiyskikh normativno-pravovykh aktakh kontsa XIX – XX vv. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107.
T.U. Khakimov. Razvitie normativno-pravovoy bazy rezhimov chrezvychaynogo i voennogo polozheniya // Pravo i politika. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.01.8
Yu.A. Razumov. Genezis implementatsii norm mezhdunarodnogo prava v voennoy i pogranichnoy sferakh: periody i faktory // Pravo i politika. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.01.15
Kostyukhin A.A.. Zapadnaya ekspertnaya otsenka vozmozhnostey i perspektiv voennogo sotrudnichestva s gosudarstvami Tsentral'noy Azii // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560Kh.2013.01.8
A.A. Semyachkin. Sovremennoe sostoyanie rossiysko-indiyskikh otnosheniy v sfere voenno-tekhnicheskogo sotrudnichestva // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.01.4
A.V. Fomin. Normativno-pravovye aspekty voenno-tekhnicheskogo sotrudnichestva Rossii s gosudarstvami-chlenami ODKB // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1812 – 8696.2013.02.8
Shinin O.V.. Organizatsiya organami Sovetskoy vlasti Amurskoy oblasti voennoy agenturnoy razvedki v 1920 g. // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. – 2013. – ¹ 5. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2013.5.8839
Savryga K.P.. Chastnye voennye i okhrannye kompanii po mezhdunarodnomu pravu // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10098
Trunov I.L.. Pravovoe regulirovanie chastnykh voennykh kompaniy // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2013. – ¹ 11. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.11.9670
Sergunin A.A. KONTsEPT «VOENNAYa BEZOPASNOST'» I EVOLYuTsIYa VOENNO-POLITIChESKOGO MYShLENIYa POSTSOVETSKOY ROSSII // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'. — 2012.-¹ 2.-S.119-140. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0417.2012.2.183. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/nb/article_183.html
Razumov Yu.A. Nekotorye konstitutsionno-pravovoye osobennosti realizatsii norm mezhdunarodnogo prava v voennoy sfere v zarubezhnykh stranakh // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.171-183. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.684. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_684.html
Danilov A.P.. Voennyy aspekt arkticheskoy politiki Rossii. // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2013. – ¹ 6. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.6.9904
Andryushin S.V. Rol' Evropeyskogo oboronnogo agentstva v voennoy integratsii Evropeyskogo Soyuza // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'. — 2013.-¹ 6.-S.31-44. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0417.2013.6.10681. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/nb/article_10681.htm
Sazonova K.L. Institut otvetstvennosti gosudarstv za primenenie sily: sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2012. - 3. - C. 78 - 91. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_255.html
M. R. Khubieva Konkurentsiya yurisdiktsiy v sluchae predpisaniya vremennykh mer pravovoy zashchity pri razreshenii mezhdunarodnykh morskikh sporov // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2012. - 2. - C. 119 - 123.
A. R. Khagush Rol' mezhdunarodnykh dvustoronnikh dogovorov v regulirovanii voenno-tekhnicheskogo sotrudnichestva Rossii s inostrannymi gosudarstvami // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2012. - 2. - C. 124 - 132.
D. E. Vidus Otvetstvennost' gosudarstv za genotsid // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2012. - 2. - C. 92 - 102.

Review: The subject of this research is the relevant issues pertaining to allowable limitations to the right to justice. The author gives attention to the multifacetedness of such type of limitations that come from the dualistic nature of this right. The article expounds the specificity of various types of limitations of the right to justice. Examining the experience of the international authorities, including the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, the author determines approaches towards the analysis of the limitations of the right to justice and defines cases in which they are allowable. The author proposes classification of the limitation to the right to justice. The variable character of limitations of the right to justice allows the author to highlight three types of limitations: material legal, jurisdictional, and procedural. The author underlines that depending on the character of limitation, there are different approaches towards the assessment of correspondence of such limitation to international standards in the area of protection of human rights. The allowable limitations of the right to justice represent the balance of private and public interests which secures the accomplishment of the goal of the right in question.

Keywords: Aarhus Convention, international standards, legal aid, procedural guarantees, human rights limitations, right to justice, human rights, international law, permissible limitations, procedural limitations

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Baranov S. V. Dostupnost' suda kak uslovie realizatsii konstitutsionnogo prava na sudebnuyu zashchitu v RF: Diss... kand.yur.nauk. M., 2011. 179 s.
Belyaevskaya O. Ya. Predely realizatsii prava grazhdan na sudebnuyu zashchitu// Mirovoy sud'ya. 2006. N 5. S. 8-10.
Golovko L. V. Otechestvennoe ponyatie «pravo na sudebnuyu zashchitu» i evropeyskoe ponyatie «pravo na dostup k pravosudiyu»: popytka funktsional'nogo sravneniya // Pravo na sudebnuyu zashchitu v ugolovnom protsesse: evropeyskie standarty i rossiyskaya praktika. Tomsk, 2007. S. 3-21.
Yuthayotin S. Access to Justice in Transnational B2C E-Commerce: A Multidimensional Analysis of Consumer Protection Mechanisms. Springer, Switzerland. 2014. 316 p.
Galanter M. Access to Justice in a World of Expanding Social Capability // Fordham Urban Law Journal. 2009. V. 37, Is. 1. Pp. 115-128.
ECHR. Stubbing and Others v. The United Kingdom. Application no 22083/93, 22095/93, Judgment of 22 November 1996.
ECHR. Luedicke, Belkacem and Koç v Germany. Application no. 6210/73; 6877/75; 7132/75, Judgment of 28 November 1978.
ECHR. Golder v. The United Kingdom. Application no 4451/70, Judgment of 21 February 1975.
ECHR. Kreuz v. Poland. Application No 28249/95, Judgment of 19 June 2001.
ECHR. Bellet v. France. Application No 23805/94, Judgment of 4 December 1995.
ECHR. Levages Prestations Services v. France . Application No 21920/93, Judgment of 23 October 1996.
Settem O. Applications of the 'Fair Hearing' Norm in ECHR Article 6(1) to Civil Proceedings: With Special Emphasis on the Balance Between Procedural Safeguards and Efficiency. Springer, 2015. 518 p.
ECHR. N.J.D.B. v. The United Kingdom. Application No 76760/12, Judgment of 27 October 2015.
CJEU, The Queen, on the application of David Edwards and Lilian Pallikaropoulos v Environment Agency and Others, Cases C-260/11, 11 April 2013.
Meeting of the Parties to the Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters. Decision V/9n on compliance by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with its obligations under the Convention of 14 October 2014. URL: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/mop5/Documents/Post_session_docs/ece_mp.pp_2014_2_add.1_eng.pdf.
African Commission on Human and People’s Rights. Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Fair Trail and Legal Assistance of 16 May 2002, DOC/OS(XXX)247. URL: http://www.achpr.org/files/instruments/principles-guidelines-right-fair-trial/achpr33_guide_fair_trial_legal_assistance_2003_eng.pdf.
Compliance Committee. Findings and recommendations with regard to communication ACCC/C/2008/33 concerning compliance by the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland. 24 September 2010. URL: https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/compliance/CC-29/ece_mp.pp_c.1_2010_6_add.3_as%20submitted.pdf.
Cooper J. Procedural Due Process, Human Rights and the Added Value of the Rights to a Fair Trail // Judicial Review, 2006. Vol. 11, Is. 1. P. 78-91.
Paparinskis M. The International Minimum Standard and Fair and Equitable Treatment. Oxford, 2013. 320 p.
Nefed'ev E. A. Uchenie ob iske. Kazan',1895. 43 s.
Gurvich M. A. Pravo na isk. M., 1949. 216 s.
Degtyarev S. L. Realizatsiya sudebnoy vlasti v grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve: teoretiko-prikladnye problemy. M., 2007. 376 s.
ECHR. Powell and Rayner v. the United Kingdom. Application no 9310/81, Judgment of 21 February 1990.
ECHR. Z and others v. the United Kingdom. Application no 29392/95, Judgment of 10 May 2001.
Komitet po pravam cheloveka. Zamechanie obshchego poryadka ¹ 32. Stat'ya 14: Ravenstvo pered sudami i tribunalami i pravo kazhdogo na spravedlivoe sudebnoe razbiratel'stvo. URL: http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR%2fC%2fGC%2f32&Lang=ru. §. 9.
Dijk P.V., Hoof F. V., Rijn A. V., Zwaak L. (eds.), Theory and Practice of the European Convention of Human Rights (4th edition). Oxford: Intersentia, 2006. 1190 p.
ECHR, Fayed v. the United Kingdom. Application no 17101/90, Judgment of 21 September 1994.
ECHR, Roche v. the United Kingdom. Application no 32555/96, Judgment of 19 October 2005.
Hampson F. Restrictions on Rights of Action and the European Convention on Human Rights: The Case of Powell and Rayner // British Yearbook of International Law. 1990. 61 (1). Pp. 279-310.
Human Rights Committee. Peter Hesse v. Australia. Communication No. 1087/2002. Judgement of 15 July 2002. URL: http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR%2FC%2F75%2FD%2F1087%2F2002&Lang=en.
ECHR. McElhinney v. Ireland. Application no 31253/96, Judgment of 21 November 2001.
ECHR. Waite and Kennedy v. Germany. Application no 26083/94, Judgement of 18 February 1999.
International Court of Justice. Judgment No. 2867 of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization upon a Complaint against the International Fund for Agricultural Development. Advisory Opinion of 1 February 2001, I.C.J. Reports 2012, p. 10.
Human Rights Committee. Francis Hopu and Tepoaitu Bessert v. France. Communication No. 549/1993. Views of 29 July 1997. URL: http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR%2FC%2F60%2FD%2F549%2F1993%2FRev.1&Lang=en.
African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Civil Liberties Organisation (in respect of the Nigerian Bar Association) v. Nigeria. Application no. 101/93, Judgement of 22 March 1995. URL: http://www.achpr.org/files/sessions/17th/comunications/101.93/achpr17_101_93_eng.pdf.
Mallinder L. Amnesty, Human Rights and Political Transitions: Bridging the Peace and Justice Divide. Oxford, 2008. 586 p.
Moore J. Problems with Forgiveness: Granting Amnesty Under the Arias Plan in Nicaragua and El Salvador// Stanford Law Review. 1991. Vol. 43. No. 3. Pp. 733-777.
Seibert-Fohr A. Prosecuting Serious Human Rights Violations. Oxford, 2009. 350 p.
Olsen T., Payne L., Reiter A. The Justice Balance: When Transitional Justice Improves Human Rights and Democracy // Human Rights Quarterly. 2010. Vol. 32. No. 4. Pp. 980-1007.
African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Malawi Africa Association, Amnesty International, Ms Sarr Diop, Union interafricaine des droits de l'Homme and RADDHO, Collectif des veuves et ayantsDroit, Association mauritanienne des droits de l'Homme v. Mauritania. Application no. 54/91-61/91-96/93-98/93-164/97_196/97-210/98, Judgment of 11 May 2000. URL:// http://www.achpr.org/files/sessions/27th/comunications/54.91-61.91-96.93-98.93-164.97_196.97-210.98/achpr27_54.91_61.91_96.93_98.93_164.97_196.97_210.98_eng.pdf .
ECHR. Krastanov v Bulgaria. Application no 50222/99, Judgment of 30 September 2004.
ECHR. The National & Provincial Building Society, the Leeds Permanent Building Society and the Yorkshire Building Society v. the United Kingdom. Application no 21319/93 21449/93 21675/93, Judgment of 23 November 1997.
ECHR, Anagnostopoulos and Others v. Greece, Application no 39374/98, Judgment of 7 November 2011.
Human Rights Committee. Apirana Mahuika et al. v. New Zealand. Communication No. 547/1993: Views of 27 October 2000. URL: http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR%2FC%2F70%2FD%2F547%2F1993&Lang=en.

References (transliteration):
Rezolyutsiya General'noy Assamblei OON ot 16 dekabrya 2005 g. N 60/147. Osnovnye printsipy i rukovodyashchie polozheniya, kasayushchiesya prava na pravovuyu zashchitu i vozmeshchenie ushcherba dlya zhertv grubykh narusheniy mezhdunarodnykh norm v oblasti prav cheloveka i ser'eznykh narusheniy mezhdunarodnogo gumanitarnogo prava. URL: http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N05/496/44/PDF/N0549644.pdf?OpenElement.
Access to Justice Critical in Ensuring Rule of Law, Speakers Stress as Sixth Committee Continues Deliberations on Principle. Sixty-ninth session, 6th & 7th Meetings coverage. URL: http://WWW.UN.ORG/PRESS/EN/2014/GAL3478.DOC.HTM.
Konventsiya o dostupe k informatsii, uchastii obshchestvennosti v protsesse prinyatiya resheniy i dostupe k pravosudiyu po voprosam, kasayushchimsya okruzhayushchey sredy ot 15 iyunya 1998 g. URL: https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-13&chapter=27&lang=en.
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Francioni F. (ed.) Access to Justice as a Human rights. Florence, 2007. 580 p.
De Visscher Ch. Le déni de justice en droit international // Recueil des cours. Boston, 1935. Pp. 365-442.
Baranov S. V. Dostupnost' suda kak uslovie realizatsii konstitutsionnogo prava na sudebnuyu zashchitu v RF: Diss... kand.yur.nauk. M., 2011. 179 s.
Belyaevskaya O. Ya. Predely realizatsii prava grazhdan na sudebnuyu zashchitu// Mirovoy sud'ya. 2006. N 5. S. 8-10.
Golovko L. V. Otechestvennoe ponyatie «pravo na sudebnuyu zashchitu» i evropeyskoe ponyatie «pravo na dostup k pravosudiyu»: popytka funktsional'nogo sravneniya // Pravo na sudebnuyu zashchitu v ugolovnom protsesse: evropeyskie standarty i rossiyskaya praktika. Tomsk, 2007. S. 3-21.
Yuthayotin S. Access to Justice in Transnational B2C E-Commerce: A Multidimensional Analysis of Consumer Protection Mechanisms. Springer, Switzerland. 2014. 316 p.
Galanter M. Access to Justice in a World of Expanding Social Capability // Fordham Urban Law Journal. 2009. V. 37, Is. 1. Pp. 115-128.
ECHR. Stubbing and Others v. The United Kingdom. Application no 22083/93, 22095/93, Judgment of 22 November 1996.
ECHR. Luedicke, Belkacem and Koç v Germany. Application no. 6210/73; 6877/75; 7132/75, Judgment of 28 November 1978.
ECHR. Golder v. The United Kingdom. Application no 4451/70, Judgment of 21 February 1975.
ECHR. Kreuz v. Poland. Application No 28249/95, Judgment of 19 June 2001.
ECHR. Bellet v. France. Application No 23805/94, Judgment of 4 December 1995.
ECHR. Levages Prestations Services v. France . Application No 21920/93, Judgment of 23 October 1996.
Settem O. Applications of the 'Fair Hearing' Norm in ECHR Article 6(1) to Civil Proceedings: With Special Emphasis on the Balance Between Procedural Safeguards and Efficiency. Springer, 2015. 518 p.
ECHR. N.J.D.B. v. The United Kingdom. Application No 76760/12, Judgment of 27 October 2015.
CJEU, The Queen, on the application of David Edwards and Lilian Pallikaropoulos v Environment Agency and Others, Cases C-260/11, 11 April 2013.
Meeting of the Parties to the Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters. Decision V/9n on compliance by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with its obligations under the Convention of 14 October 2014. URL: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/mop5/Documents/Post_session_docs/ece_mp.pp_2014_2_add.1_eng.pdf.
African Commission on Human and People’s Rights. Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Fair Trail and Legal Assistance of 16 May 2002, DOC/OS(XXX)247. URL: http://www.achpr.org/files/instruments/principles-guidelines-right-fair-trial/achpr33_guide_fair_trial_legal_assistance_2003_eng.pdf.
Compliance Committee. Findings and recommendations with regard to communication ACCC/C/2008/33 concerning compliance by the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland. 24 September 2010. URL: https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/compliance/CC-29/ece_mp.pp_c.1_2010_6_add.3_as%20submitted.pdf.
Cooper J. Procedural Due Process, Human Rights and the Added Value of the Rights to a Fair Trail // Judicial Review, 2006. Vol. 11, Is. 1. P. 78-91.
Paparinskis M. The International Minimum Standard and Fair and Equitable Treatment. Oxford, 2013. 320 p.
Nefed'ev E. A. Uchenie ob iske. Kazan',1895. 43 s.
Gurvich M. A. Pravo na isk. M., 1949. 216 s.
Degtyarev S. L. Realizatsiya sudebnoy vlasti v grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve: teoretiko-prikladnye problemy. M., 2007. 376 s.
ECHR. Powell and Rayner v. the United Kingdom. Application no 9310/81, Judgment of 21 February 1990.
ECHR. Z and others v. the United Kingdom. Application no 29392/95, Judgment of 10 May 2001.
Komitet po pravam cheloveka. Zamechanie obshchego poryadka ¹ 32. Stat'ya 14: Ravenstvo pered sudami i tribunalami i pravo kazhdogo na spravedlivoe sudebnoe razbiratel'stvo. URL: http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR%2fC%2fGC%2f32&Lang=ru. §. 9.
Dijk P.V., Hoof F. V., Rijn A. V., Zwaak L. (eds.), Theory and Practice of the European Convention of Human Rights (4th edition). Oxford: Intersentia, 2006. 1190 p.
ECHR, Fayed v. the United Kingdom. Application no 17101/90, Judgment of 21 September 1994.
ECHR, Roche v. the United Kingdom. Application no 32555/96, Judgment of 19 October 2005.
Hampson F. Restrictions on Rights of Action and the European Convention on Human Rights: The Case of Powell and Rayner // British Yearbook of International Law. 1990. 61 (1). Pp. 279-310.
Human Rights Committee. Peter Hesse v. Australia. Communication No. 1087/2002. Judgement of 15 July 2002. URL: http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR%2FC%2F75%2FD%2F1087%2F2002&Lang=en.
ECHR. McElhinney v. Ireland. Application no 31253/96, Judgment of 21 November 2001.
ECHR. Waite and Kennedy v. Germany. Application no 26083/94, Judgement of 18 February 1999.
International Court of Justice. Judgment No. 2867 of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization upon a Complaint against the International Fund for Agricultural Development. Advisory Opinion of 1 February 2001, I.C.J. Reports 2012, p. 10.
Human Rights Committee. Francis Hopu and Tepoaitu Bessert v. France. Communication No. 549/1993. Views of 29 July 1997. URL: http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR%2FC%2F60%2FD%2F549%2F1993%2FRev.1&Lang=en.
African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Civil Liberties Organisation (in respect of the Nigerian Bar Association) v. Nigeria. Application no. 101/93, Judgement of 22 March 1995. URL: http://www.achpr.org/files/sessions/17th/comunications/101.93/achpr17_101_93_eng.pdf.
Mallinder L. Amnesty, Human Rights and Political Transitions: Bridging the Peace and Justice Divide. Oxford, 2008. 586 p.
Moore J. Problems with Forgiveness: Granting Amnesty Under the Arias Plan in Nicaragua and El Salvador// Stanford Law Review. 1991. Vol. 43. No. 3. Pp. 733-777.
Seibert-Fohr A. Prosecuting Serious Human Rights Violations. Oxford, 2009. 350 p.
Olsen T., Payne L., Reiter A. The Justice Balance: When Transitional Justice Improves Human Rights and Democracy // Human Rights Quarterly. 2010. Vol. 32. No. 4. Pp. 980-1007.
African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Malawi Africa Association, Amnesty International, Ms Sarr Diop, Union interafricaine des droits de l'Homme and RADDHO, Collectif des veuves et ayantsDroit, Association mauritanienne des droits de l'Homme v. Mauritania. Application no. 54/91-61/91-96/93-98/93-164/97_196/97-210/98, Judgment of 11 May 2000. URL:// http://www.achpr.org/files/sessions/27th/comunications/54.91-61.91-96.93-98.93-164.97_196.97-210.98/achpr27_54.91_61.91_96.93_98.93_164.97_196.97_210.98_eng.pdf .
ECHR. Krastanov v Bulgaria. Application no 50222/99, Judgment of 30 September 2004.
ECHR. The National & Provincial Building Society, the Leeds Permanent Building Society and the Yorkshire Building Society v. the United Kingdom. Application no 21319/93 21449/93 21675/93, Judgment of 23 November 1997.
ECHR, Anagnostopoulos and Others v. Greece, Application no 39374/98, Judgment of 7 November 2011.
Human Rights Committee. Apirana Mahuika et al. v. New Zealand. Communication No. 547/1993: Views of 27 October 2000. URL: http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR%2FC%2F70%2FD%2F547%2F1993&Lang=en.

Review: This article examines the currently relevant issue of distortion of historical facts by private parties and the official representatives of states. As one of the main causes the author considers the absence within the existing international law of responsibility for the countries in general, as well as responsibility for falsification and distortion of information about the current circumstances, or those that took place in the past. For the purpose of developing the approach towards the solution of the aforementioned problem from the perspective of international law, the author examines and analyzes the positions of the separate legal acts (obligatory for execution by the participating states, recommended, and projects of such acts), as well as the norms of the Russian legislation that hold criminal and administrative responsibility for denying the facts established by the sentence of the International Military Tribunal for trial and punishment of the chief war criminals of the European countries of the axis; approval of crimes established by the same sentence; as well as spread of the intentionally false testimony about the activity of USSR during the World War II. The article conducts a legal analysis of the Russian and international legal norms that regulate responsibility for falsification and distortion of historical facts. The author comes to the conclusion that there is a pressing need for the international legal norms which not only establish the unlawfulness of the actions themselves, but also codify the international legal responsibility of the states for the corresponding illegal activity.

Keywords: Distortion of historical facts, Formation of public opinion, International legal responsibility, State, Hold responsibility, International relations, Domestic law, Falsification, Criminal responsibility, International legal violation

References:
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References (transliteration):
Vseobshchaya deklaratsiya prav cheloveka (prinyata General'noy Assambleey OON 10.12.1948) // Rossiyskaya gazeta. – 1995.-¹67.
Doklad Komissii po nauke i tekhnike v tselyakh razvitiya / Dok. OON E/CN.16/1995/L.2. 22 May 1995. URL: http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/LTD/G95/517/71/PDF/G9551771.pdf?OpenElement (data obrashcheniya 20.03.2015)
Dok. OON A/RES/56/83. URL: http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N01/477/99/PDF/N0147799.pdf?OpenElement (data obrashcheniya 29.03.2015)
Idayatov A.K. Transformatsiya roli mirnykh sposobov razresheniya mezhdunarodnykh konfliktov v usloviyakh informatsionnogo obshchestva. – 2013. – ¹2 (71). – S. 14-16.
Kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh: feder. zakon ot 30.12.2001 ¹ 195-FZ [red. ot 08.03.2015] // Rossiyskaya gazeta. – 2001. – ¹ 256.
Konventsiya OON 1998 g. O dostupe k informatsii, uchastii obshchestvennosti v protsesse prinyatiya resheniy i dostupe k pravosudiyu po voprosam, kasayushchimsya okruzhayushchey sredy. URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/orhus.shtml (data obrashcheniya 20.03.2015)
Karpovich O. G. Voprosy prav cheloveka i natsional'noy bezopasnosti v SShA // Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe i chastnoe pravo. – 2012. – ¹1. – S. 36-40.
Kurdyukov G. I. Otvetstvennost' za narushenie norm mezhdunarodnogo gumanitarnogo prava // Rossiyskiy ezhegodnik mezhdunarodnogo prava. Spetsial'nyy vypusk. – 2005. – S. 112-118.
Ob utverzhdenii sostava Komissii pri Prezidente Rossiyskoy Federatsii po formirovaniyu i podgotovke rezerva upravlencheskikh kadrov, izmenenii i priznanii utrativshimi silu nekotorykh aktov Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii: Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 14.02.2012 g. ¹183 // Rossiyskaya gazeta. – 2009. – ¹ 89.
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Review: In the modern world many nations face the serious threat of terrorism. Today, the terrorist organizations often represent a more powerful force than few decades ago, and many of them currently (for example the so-called Islamic State or ISIS) possess military capabilities comparable to some countries, which poses before the global community a question of allowance of application of the paradigm of an armed conflict to the relations on the fight with the aforementioned terrorists, as it gives the state greater freedom of using force against the enemy than the paradigm of human rights. The author studies various doctrinal approaches that characterize war on terror as the third form of armed conflict. In the end, the author concludes that the de lege lata war on terror cannot be considered an armed conflict, since for an international armed conflict the terrorist organization lacks corporate personhood, and for non-international military conflict, the violence that is caused by the terrorist organizations usually does not meet the criteria of intensity (even though there are some exceptions).  

Keywords: international humanitarian law, armed conflict, international armed conflict, non-international armed conflict, law of armed conlfict, terrorism, war on terror, international law, non-state actors, state responsibility

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References (transliteration):
Abresch W. A Human Rights Law of Internal Armed Conflict: The European Court of Human Rights in Chechnya // European Journal of International Law. 2005.vol.16, pp. 741-767.
Anderson K. Targeted Killing in US counter Terrorism Strategy in: Wittes D. (ed.) Legislating War on Terror: An Agenda for the Reform.Washington.2009.P.358-359.
Ansah T. War: Rhetoric & Norm Creation in Response to Terror// Virginia Journal of International Law. (2003).vol.43, pp. 800-818
Arai-Takahashi Y. Disentangling Legal Quagmires: The Legal Characterization of the Armed Conflicts in Afganistan since 6/7 October 2001 and Question of Prisoner of War Status // Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law.2002.P.66
Arnold R. Terrorism and IHL: Common Denominator? In Arnold R., Hildbrand P. (eds) International Humanitarian Law and the 21th Century Conflicts: Changes and Challenges.Lausanne.2005.P.21;
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Baxi U. The "War on Terror" and the "War of Terror": Nomadic Multitudes, Aggressive Incumbents, and the "New" International Law // Osgoode Hall Law .Jornal (2005).vol.43, pp. 8-10;
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Fleischer A., White House press statement, 7 May 2003: Statement by the Press Secretary on the Geneva Convention
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ICTY, Tadic Case (Jurisdiction, 2 October 1995), para. 70; ICTY, Delalic Case (Judgment of 16 November 1998), para. 184
Israeli Supream Court. Public Committee against Torture in Israel, H.C.J. 5100/94, Judgment September 6, 1999. // Judgment of the Israel Supream Court: Fighting Terrorism within Law. Jerusalem.2005.P.375-408
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Kotzur M. Krieg gegen den Terrorismus"-politische Rhetorik oder neue Konturen des "Kriegsbegriffes" im Volkerrecht? // 40 AVR (2002), pp. 454-479.
KretzimerD. Targeted Killing of Suspected Terrorist: Extrajudicial Execution or Legitimate Means of Defence? // European Journal of International Law.2005.vol.16.P.194
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McCarthy A. Terrorism on Trial: The Trials of al Qaeda // Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law.2004.vol.36.P.518-520
Melzer N. Targeted Killing in International law.Oxford.2010.P.262-269;
Meron T. Classification of Armed Conflicts in Former Yugoslavia: Nicaragua Fallout // Amercan Journal of International Law.1998.vol.92.P.237
Neuman G. Humanitarian Law and Counterterrorst Force // European journal of International Law.2003.vol. 14.P.296;
Newton M. Unlawfull Belligerency After September 11: History Revisited and Law Revised in Wippman D., Evangelista M. New Wars, New Laws? Applying the Laws of War in 21th Century Conflicts.New York. 2005.P.79
OAS, Convocation of the Twenty-Fourth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs to Serve as Organ of Consultation in Application of the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, OEA/Ser G, CP/RES. 797 (1293/01), September 19, 2001;
OAS, Twenty-Fourth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Resolution on Terrorist Threat to the Americas, OEA/Ser.F/I1.24, RC.24/RES.1 /01 (September 21, 2001).;
O'Connell M. The Legal Case Against the Global War on Terror // 36 Case W. Res. J. Intl L. (2004).vol.36, pp. 349-357, at 349;
Otto R. Targeted Killing and International Law.Springer.2010. P.486
Patel King F., Swaak-Goldman O. The Applicability of International Humanitarian Law to the “War against Terrorism” // Hague Yearbook of International Law.2003.P.48
Paust J. War and Enemy Status after 9/11: Attacks on the Laws of War // Yale Journal of International Law.2003.vol.28,P.326;
Peal R. Combatant Status Review Tribunals and the Uniqe Nature of the War on Terror // Vanderbilt Law Review.2005.vol.58.P.1632-1634
Pellet A. No, This is not War! // European Journal of International Law-Discussion Forum: The Attack on the World Trade Center: Legal Responses (October 3, 2001).
Pellet A., Tzankov V., Can a State Victim of a Terror Act have Recourse to Armed Force? // Humanitares Volkerrecht-Informationsschriften.2004, pp.71.
Pellet S., Pellet A. The Aftermath of September 11 // Tilburg Foreign Law Review. 2002.vol.10.P.64-66
Pictet J. The Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949, Commentary, Fourth Geneva Convention.ICRC.1952. p. 24-25
Posner E. Terrorism and the Laws of War // Chicago Journal of International Law.2004.vol.5.P. 433
Quenivet N. The Moscow hostage crisis in the Light of the Armed Conflict in Chechnya // Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law.2001.
Quenivet N. The Application of International Humanitarian Law to Situations of (counter)-Terrorist nature in Arnold R., Hildbrand P. (eds) International Humanitarian Law and the 21th Century Conflicts: Changes and Challenges.Lausanne.2005.
Rona G. Interesting Times for International Humanitarian Law: Challenges from the “War on Terror” // The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs.2003.Vol.27:2.P.57;
Roth K. The Law of War in the War on Terror // Foreign Affairs.2004.vol.83.P.2;
Rowe P. Responses to Terror: The new “War” // Melbourne Journal of International Law.2002.vol.3.P.308;
Rowles P. Responses to Terrorism: Substantive and Procedural Constraints in International Law // 81 ASIL Proclamation.1987.vol.81, pp. 314.
Ruys T., Verhoeven S. Attacks by Private Actors and the Right of Self-Defence // Journal of Conflict and Security Law.2005.vol.10.P.314-417
Sandoz Y., Swinarski C., Zimmerman B. Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949.Geneva.1987.para.4453
Sassoli M. Unlawful combatants: the Law and Whether it nedd to be Revised // ASIL Proceeding.2003.vol.97, pp. 196-197.
Schmitt M. Counter-Terrorism and the Use of Force in International Law. Israeli Yearbook of Human Rights Law.2002.P.110
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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Statement by the North Atlantic Council of September 12, 2001 (Invocation Article V-attacks on US), Press Release (2001) 124 ;
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Voneky S. Die Anwendbarkeit des humanitaren Volkerrechts auf terroristische Akre and ihre Bekampfung in Fleck D. (ed.), Rechtsfragen der Terrorismusbekampfung durch Streitkrafte, Baden-Baden .2004, pp. 157;
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Batyr' V.A. Mezhdunarodnoe gumanitarnoe pravo.M. 2011. S.58
Gnatovskiy N.N. Gumanitarnoe pravo v mezhdunarodnykh sudebnykh uchrezhdeniyakh: opasna li institutsional'naya fragmentatsiya? // Mezhdunarodnoe pravosudie.2012.¹1 s.84
Savryga K. Mezhdunaro-pravovayaotvetstvennost' gosudarstva nanimatelya za protivopravnye deystviya chastnykh voennykh iokhrannykh kompaniy // Moskovskiy zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava.2013.¹4.s.81

Review: Based on the results of the 20-year work of the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) it became evident that the current order of formation of the Appellate Body of the WTO does not allow the DSB of the WTO to examine the incoming complaints within a set amount of time. In this article, the author carefully examines such issues as the main problems within the work, and the need for reforms in the current mechanism of the functionality of the Appellate Body of the WTO, which is called to improve the efficiency of the work of the DSB of the WTO. An analysis is conducted on various proposals expressed by the member-states, with highlights of their main concerns related to possible changes. The main result of the conducted analysis is the conclusion that the current system of dispute settlements in the WTO needs an immediate step-by-step reform. The initial measure can be the increase of the body of members of the Appellate Body of the WTO. Such measure would be capable of improving the process of addressing the complaints and expand the throughput of the DSB of the WTO.

Keywords: World Trade Organization, DSB of the WTO, WTO Appellate Body, WTO arbitration panels, International trade disputes, DSB reform, Mechanism of dispute settlement, System of dispute settlement , GATT, WTO member-states

References:
Rachel Brewster. The Remedy Gap: Institutional Design, Retaliation, and Trade Law Enforcement // 80 George Washington Law Review. 2011. p. 102-158.
Martha Rutsel Silvestre J. 1: The Duty to Exercise Judgment on the Fruitfulness of Actions in World Trade Law; in: Journal of World Trade Vol. 35. No 5. 2000. p. 1035.
Lavranos N. The Communitarization of WTO Dispute Settlement Reports: An Exception to the Rule of Law // European Foreign Affairs Rewiew-2005. N 10. r. 313-338.
Claus-Dieter Ehlermann, Reflections on the Appellate Body of the WTO// Journal of International Economic Law. 2003. ¹ 6. p. 695.
Tekst vystupleniya opublikovan na ofitsial'nom sayte Vsemirnoy torgovoy organizatsii URL https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/spra_e/spra32_e.htm
Smbatyan A.S. Resheniya organov mezhdunarodnogo pravosudiya v sisteme mezhdunarodnogo publichnogo prava// URL: http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=CMB;n=17192
Smbyatyan A.S. Mezhdunarodnye torgovye spory v GATT/VTO: izbrannye resheniya (1952-2005 gg.). M., 2006. S. 43.
Ispolinov A.S. Odnazhdy 20 let spustya // Plany reformy ORS VTO – 2015. URL: http://zakon.ru/blog/2015/04/2/odnazhdy_20_let_spustya__plany_reformy_ors_vto
Ispolinov A.S. K 20-letiyu VTO: kriticheskiy vzglyad na praktiku Organa po razresheniyu sporov // Torgovaya politika/ Trade policy. 2015. ¹ 1/1. S. 10-30.
The Hon John Lockhart Ao Qc and Tania Voon. Reviewing Appellate Review in the WTO Dispute Settlement System // Melbourne Journal of International Law. 2005. p. 60.

References (transliteration):
Rachel Brewster. The Remedy Gap: Institutional Design, Retaliation, and Trade Law Enforcement // 80 George Washington Law Review. 2011. p. 102-158.
Martha Rutsel Silvestre J. 1: The Duty to Exercise Judgment on the Fruitfulness of Actions in World Trade Law; in: Journal of World Trade Vol. 35. No 5. 2000. p. 1035.
Lavranos N. The Communitarization of WTO Dispute Settlement Reports: An Exception to the Rule of Law // European Foreign Affairs Rewiew-2005. N 10. r. 313-338.
Claus-Dieter Ehlermann, Reflections on the Appellate Body of the WTO// Journal of International Economic Law. 2003. ¹ 6. p. 695.
Tekst vystupleniya opublikovan na ofitsial'nom sayte Vsemirnoy torgovoy organizatsii URL https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/spra_e/spra32_e.htm
Smbatyan A.S. Resheniya organov mezhdunarodnogo pravosudiya v sisteme mezhdunarodnogo publichnogo prava// URL: http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=CMB;n=17192
Smbyatyan A.S. Mezhdunarodnye torgovye spory v GATT/VTO: izbrannye resheniya (1952-2005 gg.). M., 2006. S. 43.
Ispolinov A.S. Odnazhdy 20 let spustya // Plany reformy ORS VTO – 2015. URL: http://zakon.ru/blog/2015/04/2/odnazhdy_20_let_spustya__plany_reformy_ors_vto
Ispolinov A.S. K 20-letiyu VTO: kriticheskiy vzglyad na praktiku Organa po razresheniyu sporov // Torgovaya politika/ Trade policy. 2015. ¹ 1/1. S. 10-30.
The Hon John Lockhart Ao Qc and Tania Voon. Reviewing Appellate Review in the WTO Dispute Settlement System // Melbourne Journal of International Law. 2005. p. 60.

Review: The subject of this research is the features of implementation of the key idea of the concept of sustainable development within international law – integration of economic development and protection of the environment. The work presents such aspects of the topic as correlation of the right of states to development with the need to consider the interests of environmental protection, and anthropocentrism of the concept of sustainable development. The author carefully examines the elements of sustainable development within the norms of international law of various branches and establishes the lack of state responsibility to ensure the integration of economic and environmental interests during the course of exercising their right to development. The author’s contribution to the research of this topic is the systemic examination of international instruments in the area of sustainable development and determination of factors of political legal nature, which impede the realization of ideas for sustainable development on the international law level. The author notes that the disagreement between the concept and how it is implemented within international law plays an important role in achieving a balance between two competing components of sustainable development. The article explores the possible ways of bringing together the main idea of the concept and its international legal content.

Keywords: anthropocentrism, environmental protection, international agreements, national sovereignty, Rio-de-Janeiro Declaration, economic development, international law, concept of sustainable development, human rights, prospects of sustainable development

References:
Sustainable development 20 years on from the Earth summit. Progress, gaps and strategic guidelines for Latin America and The Carribean [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=400&nr=981&menu=35.
Doklad OON «Tseli tysyacheletnego razvitiya» za 2015 god [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: http://www.un.org/ru/millenniumgoals/mdgreport2015.pdf.
Doklad Vsemirnoy komissii po voprosam okruzhayushchey sredy i razvitiya «Nashe obshchee budushchee» [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ru/ga/pdf/brundtland.pdf.
Deklaratsiya po problemam okruzhayushchey cheloveka sredy/ Prinyata Konferentsiey Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy po problemam okruzhayushchey cheloveka sredy, Stokgol'm, 5-16 iyunya 1972 goda [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/declarathenv.shtml.
Vsemirnaya khartiya prirody/Prinyata Rezolyutsiey ¹37/7 General'noy Assamblei OON ot 28.10.1982 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/charter_for_nature.shtml.
Deklaratsiya po okruzhayushchey srede i razvitiyu/Prinyata Konferentsiey OON po okruzhayushchey srede i razvitiyu, Rio-de-Zhaneyro, 3–14 iyunya 1992 goda [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: http://www.un.org/russian/document/declarat/riodecl.htm.
Yokhannesburgskaya deklaratsiya po ustoychivomu razvitiyu 2002g./ Prinyata na Vsemirnoy vstreche na vysshem urovne po ustoychivomu razvitiyu (Yokhannesburg, Yuzhnaya Afrika, 26 avgusta — 4 sentyabrya 2002 goda [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/decl_wssd.shtml.
Itogovyy dokument Konferentsii OON «Budushchee, kotoroe my khotim»/Odobren Rezolyutsiey ¹66/288 General'noy Assamblei OON ot 27.07.2012. [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: https://rio20.un.org/sites/rio20.un.org/files/a-conf.216-l-1_russian.pdf.pdf.
Boutaud Aurelien. Le developpement durable: penser le changement ou changer le pensement? [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL:these de science et genie de l’environnement. Saint-Etienne, 2005.URL :http://www.wwwv1.agora21.org/entreprise/these-ABoutaud-00.pdf.
Birnie Patricia W. International Law and The Environment/Patricia Birnie, Alan Boyle, Catherine Redgwell.Oxford University Press,2009. 888r.
Sands Ph. International Law in the Field of Sustainable Development: Emerging Legal Principles/Sustainable Development and International Law.-1994.-R.54-58.
Tladi D. Sustainable development in international law: An analysis of key enviro-economic instruments.Pretoria University Law Press, 2007.274p.
Brinchuk M.M., Ursul A.D., Mastushkin M.Yu. Pravovye aspekty ustoychivogo razvitiya.M.:Stupeni,2005.301s.
Bosselman K. The Principle of Sustainability, Transforming Law and Governance. Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2008. 252r.
Lowe V. Sustainable development and unsustainable arguments//International law and sustainable development/ Boyle A. and Freestone V (eds).Oxford University Press, 1999.P.20-35.
Gabsikovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary v. Slovakia). Judgement // I.C.J. Reports.-1997.-P. 7.
Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentine v. Uruguay). Judgement//I.C.J. Reports.-2010.-P.14.
Konventsiya o biologicheskom raznoobrazii [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/biodiv.shtml.
Protokol ob izmenenii Konventsii po predotvrashcheniyu zagryazneniya morya sbrosami otkhodov i drugikh materialov 1972g. [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/protocol_sea_waste.shtml.
Konventsiya po sokhraneniyu migriruyushchikh vidov dikikh zhivotnykh [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/pdf/wild_animals.pdf.
]The road to dignity by 2030:ending poverty, transforming all lives and protecting the planet/Synthesis report of the Secretary-General on the post-2015 sustainable development agenda [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/69/700&Lang=E.
Case of Oneryildiz v. Turkey/Application¹48939/99. Judgement of 30 November 2004 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-67614.
Case of Lopez Ostra v.Spain/Application ¹16798/90. Judgement of 9 December 1994 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-57905.
Case of Guerra and Others v.Italy/Application ¹ 14967/89. Judgement of 19 February 1998 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-58135#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-58135%22]}.
Case of Giacomelli and Others v.Italy/Application ¹ 59909/00. Judgement of 2 November 2006 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-77785.
Case of Fadeyeva v. Russia/Application ¹55723/00. Judgement of 9 June 2005 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-69315.
The Millenium Development Goals Report. United Nations.2013 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/report-2013/mdg-report-2013-english.pdf.
A Guidebook to the Green Economy/Division for Sustainable Development. UNDESA.Issue 1.August,2012 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/GE%20Guidebook.pdf.
R. A. Kalamkaryan Kodifikatsiya i progressivnoe razvitie mezhdunarodnogo prava kak formy administrativno-pravovoy deyatel'nosti mirovogo soobshchestva po sovershenstvovaniyu mezhdunarodnogo prava. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2011. - 4. - C. 63 - 76.

References (transliteration):
Sustainable development 20 years on from the Earth summit. Progress, gaps and strategic guidelines for Latin America and The Carribean [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=400&nr=981&menu=35.
Doklad OON «Tseli tysyacheletnego razvitiya» za 2015 god [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: http://www.un.org/ru/millenniumgoals/mdgreport2015.pdf.
Doklad Vsemirnoy komissii po voprosam okruzhayushchey sredy i razvitiya «Nashe obshchee budushchee» [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ru/ga/pdf/brundtland.pdf.
Deklaratsiya po problemam okruzhayushchey cheloveka sredy/ Prinyata Konferentsiey Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy po problemam okruzhayushchey cheloveka sredy, Stokgol'm, 5-16 iyunya 1972 goda [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/declarathenv.shtml.
Vsemirnaya khartiya prirody/Prinyata Rezolyutsiey ¹37/7 General'noy Assamblei OON ot 28.10.1982 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/charter_for_nature.shtml.
Deklaratsiya po okruzhayushchey srede i razvitiyu/Prinyata Konferentsiey OON po okruzhayushchey srede i razvitiyu, Rio-de-Zhaneyro, 3–14 iyunya 1992 goda [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: http://www.un.org/russian/document/declarat/riodecl.htm.
Yokhannesburgskaya deklaratsiya po ustoychivomu razvitiyu 2002g./ Prinyata na Vsemirnoy vstreche na vysshem urovne po ustoychivomu razvitiyu (Yokhannesburg, Yuzhnaya Afrika, 26 avgusta — 4 sentyabrya 2002 goda [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/decl_wssd.shtml.
Itogovyy dokument Konferentsii OON «Budushchee, kotoroe my khotim»/Odobren Rezolyutsiey ¹66/288 General'noy Assamblei OON ot 27.07.2012. [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: https://rio20.un.org/sites/rio20.un.org/files/a-conf.216-l-1_russian.pdf.pdf.
Boutaud Aurelien. Le developpement durable: penser le changement ou changer le pensement? [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL:these de science et genie de l’environnement. Saint-Etienne, 2005.URL :http://www.wwwv1.agora21.org/entreprise/these-ABoutaud-00.pdf.
Birnie Patricia W. International Law and The Environment/Patricia Birnie, Alan Boyle, Catherine Redgwell.Oxford University Press,2009. 888r.
Sands Ph. International Law in the Field of Sustainable Development: Emerging Legal Principles/Sustainable Development and International Law.-1994.-R.54-58.
Tladi D. Sustainable development in international law: An analysis of key enviro-economic instruments.Pretoria University Law Press, 2007.274p.
Brinchuk M.M., Ursul A.D., Mastushkin M.Yu. Pravovye aspekty ustoychivogo razvitiya.M.:Stupeni,2005.301s.
Bosselman K. The Principle of Sustainability, Transforming Law and Governance. Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2008. 252r.
Lowe V. Sustainable development and unsustainable arguments//International law and sustainable development/ Boyle A. and Freestone V (eds).Oxford University Press, 1999.P.20-35.
Gabsikovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary v. Slovakia). Judgement // I.C.J. Reports.-1997.-P. 7.
Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentine v. Uruguay). Judgement//I.C.J. Reports.-2010.-P.14.
Konventsiya o biologicheskom raznoobrazii [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/biodiv.shtml.
Protokol ob izmenenii Konventsii po predotvrashcheniyu zagryazneniya morya sbrosami otkhodov i drugikh materialov 1972g. [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/protocol_sea_waste.shtml.
Konventsiya po sokhraneniyu migriruyushchikh vidov dikikh zhivotnykh [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/pdf/wild_animals.pdf.
]The road to dignity by 2030:ending poverty, transforming all lives and protecting the planet/Synthesis report of the Secretary-General on the post-2015 sustainable development agenda [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/69/700&Lang=E.
Case of Oneryildiz v. Turkey/Application¹48939/99. Judgement of 30 November 2004 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-67614.
Case of Lopez Ostra v.Spain/Application ¹16798/90. Judgement of 9 December 1994 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-57905.
Case of Guerra and Others v.Italy/Application ¹ 14967/89. Judgement of 19 February 1998 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-58135#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-58135%22]}.
Case of Giacomelli and Others v.Italy/Application ¹ 59909/00. Judgement of 2 November 2006 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-77785.
Case of Fadeyeva v. Russia/Application ¹55723/00. Judgement of 9 June 2005 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL:http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-69315.
The Millenium Development Goals Report. United Nations.2013 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/report-2013/mdg-report-2013-english.pdf.
A Guidebook to the Green Economy/Division for Sustainable Development. UNDESA.Issue 1.August,2012 [Elektronnyy resurs].URL: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/GE%20Guidebook.pdf.
R. A. Kalamkaryan Kodifikatsiya i progressivnoe razvitie mezhdunarodnogo prava kak formy administrativno-pravovoy deyatel'nosti mirovogo soobshchestva po sovershenstvovaniyu mezhdunarodnogo prava. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2011. - 4. - C. 63 - 76.

Review: The subject of this research is the formation of the human rights dimension of the global transition towards sustainable development. The author thoroughly follows the evolution of recognition of the significance of human rights for sustainable development within international documents of strategic nature and international multilateral treaties. Great attention is given to the analysis of the principle of the depth of sustainable development and the imperative character of inclusion of all people without exception. Among the main conclusions of this research is the substantiation of the position that human rights cannot be united only with the social dimension of sustainable development, since they penetrate all aspects of the latter. The scientific novelty consist in the substantiated conclusion with the regards to formation of the fourth dimension of sustainable development, such as support of cultural diversity, which also in turn involves the human rights and liberties in the area of culture into the human rights foundation of sustainable development.

Keywords: right to development, international cooperation, globalization, international law, human rights, sustainable development, culture, future generations, goals of development, involvement

References:
Rio-de-zhaneyrskaya deklaratsiya po okruzhayushchey srede i razvitiyu // Do-klad Konferentsii OON po okruzhayushchey srede i razvitiyu (Rio-de-Zhaneyro, 3 – 14 iyunya 1992 g.). T.1 Rezolyutsii, prinyatye na konferentsii. C. 7 // A/CONF.51/26/Rev.1. Vol.1 // http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N92/836/57/PDF/¹283657.pdf?OpenElement.
Global'naya povestka dnya dlya dialoga mezhdu tsivilizatsiyami // http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N01/475/44/PFD/N0147544.
Konventsiya YuNESKO o zashchite i pooshchrenii raznoobraziya form kul'-turnogo samovyrazheniya 2005 goda // http://www.un.org.ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/pdf/cult_diversity.pdf.
V OON prizyvayut sdelat' zashchitu prav zhenshchin tsel'yu ustoychivogo raz-vitiya (10.02.2014) // http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/russian/archives/158574.
Tseli v oblasti razvitiya // http://www.un/org/Russian/millenniumgoals.
Agenda XXI // Report UNs Conference on Environment and Development. Vol. 1. Resolutions Adopted by the Conference. Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992. P. 469 // (A/CONF.51/26/Rev.1(Vol.1) // http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N92/836/55/PDF/¹283655.pdf?OpenElement.
Dhagamwar V., Thunkral E.G., Singh M. The Sardar Sarovar Project: A study in Sustainable Development? In: Fisher W.E. (ed.) Toward Sustainable Development?: Struggling Over India’s Narmada River. N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1995. Pp. 226 – 290.
Plan vypolneniya resheniy Vsemirnoy vstrechi (v Yokhannesburge) na vysshem urovne po ustoychivomu razvitiyu 2002 goda // A/CONF/199/20 // http://www.un.org/russian/confer/wssd/docs/plan_wssd.pdf.
Navi Pilley: ustoychivoe razvitie nevozmozhno bez nadlezhashchego soblyu-deniya prav cheloveka (12.06.2012) // http://www.un.org/russian/news/ru/print.asp?newsid=17668.
«Budushchee, kotorogo my khotim»: Itogovyy dokument konferentsii OON RIO+20, prinyatyy rezolyutsiey GA OON 66/288 ot 11 sentyabrya 2012 goda // http://daccess-dds-ny.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N11/476/PDF/N1147612/pdf?OpenElement.
Pan Gi Mun: Predotvrashchenie prestupnosti imeet reshayushchee znachenie dlya ustoychivogo razvitiya (12.04.2015) // http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/russinan/archives/189881.
Cui R. Oil Multinationals in Nigeria Human Rights? Sustainable Development and the Law. Hamburg: Anchor Academic Publishing, 2015. 72 pp.
Hossain K. Preface to McCrudden Ch., Davies A. A Perspective on Trade and Labour Rights. In: Gehring M.W., Segger M.-C.C. (eds.) Sustainable Development in World Trade Law. The Netherlands Kluwer Law International, 2005. Pp. 103 – 106.
Hildering A. International Law, Sustainable Development and Water management. The Netherlands: Eburon Academic Publisher, 2004. 226 pp.
Yokhannesburgskaya deklaratsiya po ustoychivomu razvitiyu 2002 goda // http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/decl_wssd.shtml.
Salid M.A. Mohamad (ed.). Climate Change and Sustainable Development: New Challenges or Poverty Reduction. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009. 335 pp.
Doklad Vsemirnoy komissii po voprosam okruzhayushchey sredy i razvi-tiyu // A/42/427, 4 Avgusta 1987 goda // http://www.un.org/ru/ga/pdf/brundtland.pdf.
Oberleither G. Global Human Rights Institutions. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007. 225 pp.
Pallemaerts M., Azmanova A. (eds.) The European Union and Sustainable Development. Internal and External Dimensions. Brussel: Asp/Vubpress/Upa, 2006. 341 pp.
French D. International Law and Policy of Sustainable Development. Man-chester: Manchester University Press, 2005. 218 pp.
Prava cheloveka kak faktor strategii ustoychivogo razvitiya. Otv. red. E.A. Lukasheva. M.: Norma, 2000. 320 s.
Shugurov M.V. Prava cheloveka kak institutsional'nyy faktor ustoychi-vogo razvitiya: mezhdunarodno-pravovoy aspekt // Filosofskaya i pravovaya mysl'. SPb. – Saratov, 2003. Vyp. 6. S. 34 – 56.
Kumar A. (ed.) Human Rights and Sustainable Development. New Delhi: SARUP&SONS, 2006. 320 pp.
Charrin J.-B. Connecting Public International Law: International Human Rights Law as Sustainable Development Law – the Case of the Right to Water. Hamburg: AV Akademikerverlag GmbH&Co. Kg, 2010. 64 pp.
Leader Sh., Ong D. (eds.) Global Project Finance, Human Rights and Sustainable Development. Cambridge, N. Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 534 pp.
Haman R., Woolman S., Sprague C. The Business of Sustainable Develop-ment in Africa: Human Rights, Partnership, Alternative Business Models. Preto-ria: Unisa Press, 2008. 359 pp.
Shugurov M.V. Mezhdunarodno-pravovye osnovaniya perekhoda k ustoychivomu razvitiyu // Vestnik Saratovskoy gosudarstvennoy yuridicheskoy akademii. 2013. ¹ 2. C. 161 – 180.
Ursul A.D. Pravo ustoychivogo razvitiya: kontseptual'no-metodologicheskie problemy stanovleniya // Yuridicheskie issledovaniya. 2013. ¹ 6. S. 63 – 134.
Tladi D. Sustainable development in International Law: An Analysis of Key Enviro-Economic Instruments. Pretoria: Pretoria University Press, 2007. 274 pp.
Segger M.-C. C. Sustainable Development Law: Principles, Practices, and Pro-spects. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2004. 464 pp.
Deklaratsiya o vklyuchenii kul'tury v tseli ustoychivogo razvitiya ot 1 maya 2014 goda // http://www.culture2015goal.net.
Babin B.V. Pravo na razvitie kak global'noe pravo: mezhdunarodnoe i natsional'nye izmereniya // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. - 2013. - 2. - C. 67 - 84. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.2.5108. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_5108.html

References (transliteration):
Rio-de-zhaneyrskaya deklaratsiya po okruzhayushchey srede i razvitiyu // Do-klad Konferentsii OON po okruzhayushchey srede i razvitiyu (Rio-de-Zhaneyro, 3 – 14 iyunya 1992 g.). T.1 Rezolyutsii, prinyatye na konferentsii. C. 7 // A/CONF.51/26/Rev.1. Vol.1 // http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N92/836/57/PDF/¹283657.pdf?OpenElement.
Global'naya povestka dnya dlya dialoga mezhdu tsivilizatsiyami // http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N01/475/44/PFD/N0147544.
Konventsiya YuNESKO o zashchite i pooshchrenii raznoobraziya form kul'-turnogo samovyrazheniya 2005 goda // http://www.un.org.ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/pdf/cult_diversity.pdf.
V OON prizyvayut sdelat' zashchitu prav zhenshchin tsel'yu ustoychivogo raz-vitiya (10.02.2014) // http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/russian/archives/158574.
Tseli v oblasti razvitiya // http://www.un/org/Russian/millenniumgoals.
Agenda XXI // Report UNs Conference on Environment and Development. Vol. 1. Resolutions Adopted by the Conference. Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992. P. 469 // (A/CONF.51/26/Rev.1(Vol.1) // http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N92/836/55/PDF/¹283655.pdf?OpenElement.
Dhagamwar V., Thunkral E.G., Singh M. The Sardar Sarovar Project: A study in Sustainable Development? In: Fisher W.E. (ed.) Toward Sustainable Development?: Struggling Over India’s Narmada River. N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1995. Pp. 226 – 290.
Plan vypolneniya resheniy Vsemirnoy vstrechi (v Yokhannesburge) na vysshem urovne po ustoychivomu razvitiyu 2002 goda // A/CONF/199/20 // http://www.un.org/russian/confer/wssd/docs/plan_wssd.pdf.
Navi Pilley: ustoychivoe razvitie nevozmozhno bez nadlezhashchego soblyu-deniya prav cheloveka (12.06.2012) // http://www.un.org/russian/news/ru/print.asp?newsid=17668.
«Budushchee, kotorogo my khotim»: Itogovyy dokument konferentsii OON RIO+20, prinyatyy rezolyutsiey GA OON 66/288 ot 11 sentyabrya 2012 goda // http://daccess-dds-ny.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N11/476/PDF/N1147612/pdf?OpenElement.
Pan Gi Mun: Predotvrashchenie prestupnosti imeet reshayushchee znachenie dlya ustoychivogo razvitiya (12.04.2015) // http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/russinan/archives/189881.
Cui R. Oil Multinationals in Nigeria Human Rights? Sustainable Development and the Law. Hamburg: Anchor Academic Publishing, 2015. 72 pp.
Hossain K. Preface to McCrudden Ch., Davies A. A Perspective on Trade and Labour Rights. In: Gehring M.W., Segger M.-C.C. (eds.) Sustainable Development in World Trade Law. The Netherlands Kluwer Law International, 2005. Pp. 103 – 106.
Hildering A. International Law, Sustainable Development and Water management. The Netherlands: Eburon Academic Publisher, 2004. 226 pp.
Yokhannesburgskaya deklaratsiya po ustoychivomu razvitiyu 2002 goda // http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/decl_wssd.shtml.
Salid M.A. Mohamad (ed.). Climate Change and Sustainable Development: New Challenges or Poverty Reduction. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009. 335 pp.
Doklad Vsemirnoy komissii po voprosam okruzhayushchey sredy i razvi-tiyu // A/42/427, 4 Avgusta 1987 goda // http://www.un.org/ru/ga/pdf/brundtland.pdf.
Oberleither G. Global Human Rights Institutions. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007. 225 pp.
Pallemaerts M., Azmanova A. (eds.) The European Union and Sustainable Development. Internal and External Dimensions. Brussel: Asp/Vubpress/Upa, 2006. 341 pp.
French D. International Law and Policy of Sustainable Development. Man-chester: Manchester University Press, 2005. 218 pp.
Prava cheloveka kak faktor strategii ustoychivogo razvitiya. Otv. red. E.A. Lukasheva. M.: Norma, 2000. 320 s.
Shugurov M.V. Prava cheloveka kak institutsional'nyy faktor ustoychi-vogo razvitiya: mezhdunarodno-pravovoy aspekt // Filosofskaya i pravovaya mysl'. SPb. – Saratov, 2003. Vyp. 6. S. 34 – 56.
Kumar A. (ed.) Human Rights and Sustainable Development. New Delhi: SARUP&SONS, 2006. 320 pp.
Charrin J.-B. Connecting Public International Law: International Human Rights Law as Sustainable Development Law – the Case of the Right to Water. Hamburg: AV Akademikerverlag GmbH&Co. Kg, 2010. 64 pp.
Leader Sh., Ong D. (eds.) Global Project Finance, Human Rights and Sustainable Development. Cambridge, N. Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 534 pp.
Haman R., Woolman S., Sprague C. The Business of Sustainable Develop-ment in Africa: Human Rights, Partnership, Alternative Business Models. Preto-ria: Unisa Press, 2008. 359 pp.
Shugurov M.V. Mezhdunarodno-pravovye osnovaniya perekhoda k ustoychivomu razvitiyu // Vestnik Saratovskoy gosudarstvennoy yuridicheskoy akademii. 2013. ¹ 2. C. 161 – 180.
Ursul A.D. Pravo ustoychivogo razvitiya: kontseptual'no-metodologicheskie problemy stanovleniya // Yuridicheskie issledovaniya. 2013. ¹ 6. S. 63 – 134.
Tladi D. Sustainable development in International Law: An Analysis of Key Enviro-Economic Instruments. Pretoria: Pretoria University Press, 2007. 274 pp.
Segger M.-C. C. Sustainable Development Law: Principles, Practices, and Pro-spects. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2004. 464 pp.
Deklaratsiya o vklyuchenii kul'tury v tseli ustoychivogo razvitiya ot 1 maya 2014 goda // http://www.culture2015goal.net.
Babin B.V. Pravo na razvitie kak global'noe pravo: mezhdunarodnoe i natsional'nye izmereniya // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. - 2013. - 2. - C. 67 - 84. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.2.5108. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_5108.html

Review: The subject of this research is the study of the fight against poverty on the international level from the perspective of the norms of international law. The author examines such aspects of the topic as state of poverty, and approaches towards solution to the issue of poverty from perspective of protection of human rights. A special attention is given to the international obligations of national branches of public authority, as well as global international and regional international organizations consisting of states. The object of the research is the acknowledgement by states of the necessity to protect and promote provision of human rights. Among the main conclusions of the conducted research is the need to impose obligations through the norms of international law to take measures towards preventing poverty. The author’s contribution into the research is the analysis of international instruments in the area of human rights pertaining to poverty. The scientific novelty consists in discovering the lack of direct guarantees of freedom from poverty within the norms of international law.

Keywords: Norms of international law, Poverty, Human rights, International instruments, Alleviation, Declaration, Implementation of law, Convention, Individual poverty , State action

References:
Speth J.G. Freedom from Poverty: A Fundamental Human Right (Speech presented at the Swedish Development Forum, November 1997) // .
Van Reisen M. Directing EU Policy. Towards Poverty Eradication: From Commitments to Targets to Results… // . – 27 p.
Vizard P. Poverty and Human Rights: Sen’s «Capability Perspective» Explored. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.-275 p.
Van Bueren G. Fulfilling Law’s Duty to the Poor // Freedom from Poverty as a Human Right. Vol. 4. Law’s Duty to the Poor / Ed. by G. Van Bueren. – Paris: UNESCO, 2010. – 418 p. – P. 1–20.
Poverty Reduction Begins with Children / The United Nations Children’s Fund. – New York: UNICEF, 2000. – 50 p.
Human Rights and Poverty / The Human Right to Freedom from Poverty (The People's Movement for Human Rights Education) // .
Vseobshchaya deklaratsiya prav cheloveka / Prinyata Rezolyutsiey ¹ 217 A (III) General'noy Assamblei OON ot 10.12.1948.
Mezhdunarodnyy pakt ob ekonomicheskikh, sotsial'nykh i kul'turnykh pravakh / Prinyat rezolyutsiey ¹ 2200 A (XXI) General'noy Assamblei OON ot 16.12.1966.
Konventsiya o pravakh rebenka / Prinyata rezolyutsiey ¹ 44/25 General'noy Assamblei OON ot 20.11.1989.

References (transliteration):
Speth J.G. Freedom from Poverty: A Fundamental Human Right (Speech presented at the Swedish Development Forum, November 1997) // .
Van Reisen M. Directing EU Policy. Towards Poverty Eradication: From Commitments to Targets to Results… // . – 27 p.
Vizard P. Poverty and Human Rights: Sen’s «Capability Perspective» Explored. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.-275 p.
Van Bueren G. Fulfilling Law’s Duty to the Poor // Freedom from Poverty as a Human Right. Vol. 4. Law’s Duty to the Poor / Ed. by G. Van Bueren. – Paris: UNESCO, 2010. – 418 p. – P. 1–20.
Poverty Reduction Begins with Children / The United Nations Children’s Fund. – New York: UNICEF, 2000. – 50 p.
Human Rights and Poverty / The Human Right to Freedom from Poverty (The People's Movement for Human Rights Education) // .
Vseobshchaya deklaratsiya prav cheloveka / Prinyata Rezolyutsiey ¹ 217 A (III) General'noy Assamblei OON ot 10.12.1948.
Mezhdunarodnyy pakt ob ekonomicheskikh, sotsial'nykh i kul'turnykh pravakh / Prinyat rezolyutsiey ¹ 2200 A (XXI) General'noy Assamblei OON ot 16.12.1966.
Konventsiya o pravakh rebenka / Prinyata rezolyutsiey ¹ 44/25 General'noy Assamblei OON ot 20.11.1989.

Review:   The subject of this research is determination of the model of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC Court) by comparing the qualifying components and characteristics of the most common models of courts of the international integrational institutions with the judicial mechanism of the EurAsEC Court itself. The goal of this work is forecasting the prospects of the development pf EurAsEC Court by taking into account the experience of other types of courts within the corresponding organizations. In the author’s opinion it can produce a positive effect upon the entire system of the Eurasian Economic Union. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the author analyzed and determined the most common and patterned models of the judicial mechanisms within the international integrational institutions – Dispute Settlement Body of the World Trade Organization and Court of Justice of the European Union. The author came to a conclusion that the EurAsEC Court does not fit any of the described models, and rather represents a more unique institution, but nevertheless, its reference to the experience of the Court of Justice of the European Union is still evident. The author points out some flaws of the EurAsEC Court and offers most realistically implementable solutions.

Keywords: Eurasian Economic Union, Court of the Eurasian Economic Union, Court model, Regional organization, Judicial mechanism, International integrational institution , ECJ, Dispute Settlement Body of WTO, Judicial practice, Supranationalism

References:
Kembayev Zhenis, Legal Aspects of the Regional Integration Processes in the Post-Soviet Area. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. page 41.
St. 260 Dogovora o funktsionirovanii Evropeyskogo Soyuza.
Tams J. Christian. The World Court’s Role in the International Law‐making Process. (March 8, 2014). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2406311 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2406311
John Temple Lang, 'Checks and Balances in the European Union: The Institutional Structure and the ’Community Method’' (2006) 12 European Public Law, Issue 1, pp. 127–154.
ECJ Case C-372/97 Italy v Commission [2004], para. 36.
McWhinney Edward The International Court of Justice and International Law-making: The Judicial Activism/Self-Restraint Antinomy. Chinese Journal of International Law (2006), Vol. 5, No. 1, 3–13.
P. 4 st. 7 Dogovora o EAES.
Karen J Alter and Laurence R Helfer “Nature or Nurture? Judicial Lawmaking in the European Court of Justice and the Andean Tribunal of Justice”. International Organization, September 2010, Vol.64(4), p. 564.
Alter, Karen J. The Global Spread of European Style International Courts. Working Paper No. 11-003, June 2011. West European Politics, 2012, Vol.35(1). P. 142.
Neshataeva T.N. K voprosu o sozdanii Evraziyskogo soyuza: integratsiya i nadnatsionalizm // Zakon.-M.: Zakon, 2014, ¹ 6.-S. 106-119.
Schermers, Henry G. The European Court of Justice: Promoter of European Integration. The American Journal of Comparative Law Vol. 22, No. 3 (Summer, 1974), pp. 444-464.
De Waele, Henri The Role of the European Court of Justice in the Integration Process: A Contemporary and Normative Assessment. Hanse Law Review. Vol. 6 No. 1.
Horsley, Thomas 'Reflections on the role of the Court of Justice as the “motor” of European integration: Legal limits to judicial lawmaking' (2013) 50 Common Market Law Review, Issue 4, pp. 931–964.
Henry G. Schermers and Niels M. Blokker, International Institutional Law, 3d ed. 1995, Chapter eight (para. 1139-1345).

References (transliteration):
Kembayev Zhenis, Legal Aspects of the Regional Integration Processes in the Post-Soviet Area. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. page 41.
St. 260 Dogovora o funktsionirovanii Evropeyskogo Soyuza.
Tams J. Christian. The World Court’s Role in the International Law‐making Process. (March 8, 2014). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2406311 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2406311
John Temple Lang, 'Checks and Balances in the European Union: The Institutional Structure and the ’Community Method’' (2006) 12 European Public Law, Issue 1, pp. 127–154.
ECJ Case C-372/97 Italy v Commission [2004], para. 36.
McWhinney Edward The International Court of Justice and International Law-making: The Judicial Activism/Self-Restraint Antinomy. Chinese Journal of International Law (2006), Vol. 5, No. 1, 3–13.
P. 4 st. 7 Dogovora o EAES.
Karen J Alter and Laurence R Helfer “Nature or Nurture? Judicial Lawmaking in the European Court of Justice and the Andean Tribunal of Justice”. International Organization, September 2010, Vol.64(4), p. 564.
Alter, Karen J. The Global Spread of European Style International Courts. Working Paper No. 11-003, June 2011. West European Politics, 2012, Vol.35(1). P. 142.
Neshataeva T.N. K voprosu o sozdanii Evraziyskogo soyuza: integratsiya i nadnatsionalizm // Zakon.-M.: Zakon, 2014, ¹ 6.-S. 106-119.
Schermers, Henry G. The European Court of Justice: Promoter of European Integration. The American Journal of Comparative Law Vol. 22, No. 3 (Summer, 1974), pp. 444-464.
De Waele, Henri The Role of the European Court of Justice in the Integration Process: A Contemporary and Normative Assessment. Hanse Law Review. Vol. 6 No. 1.
Horsley, Thomas 'Reflections on the role of the Court of Justice as the “motor” of European integration: Legal limits to judicial lawmaking' (2013) 50 Common Market Law Review, Issue 4, pp. 931–964.
Henry G. Schermers and Niels M. Blokker, International Institutional Law, 3d ed. 1995, Chapter eight (para. 1139-1345).

Review: The subject of this research is the analysis of the regulation of protection of intellectual property rights within international treaties and political legal documents pertaining to international environmental law, which is currently the component of the so-called international law for sustainable development. The author examines the debatable issues associated with the modern understanding of the effects of protection of intellectual rights, especially patent laws for international transfer and diffusion of technologies, especially “green” technologies. A special attention is given to the analysis of regulation of protection of exclusive rights for transferable technologies within the framework of the Rio de Janeiro conventions, as well as the similar issues at the level of “soft” international law in the area of sustainable development. A focus is made on the study of the positions of developed and developing countries on the issue of nature and the necessary level of protection of patent rights in the process of international transfer of technologies, which is mainly aimed at aiding developing countries in forming their own scientific-technological and innovational potential. The author’s contribution into the research of this topic is the systemic analysis of the position of environmental conventions from the perspective of their collisions with the positions of international law on intellectual property. Among the main conclusions of the conducted research is the acknowledgement of the dual effect of the protection of intellectual property rights upon the achievement of the goals of international transfer of technologies.

Keywords: green technologies, international environmental law, patent law, developing countries, international technology transfer, sustainable development, exclusive rights, capacity building, TRIPS Agreement, biotechnology

References:
Shugurov M.V. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie peredachi
tekhnologiy v tselyakh razvitiya // Pravo i politika. - 2013. - 8. - C. 1032 - 1046. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.8.9066.
Sheverdin A.V. Pravovoe regulirovanie biotekhnologiy
mezhdunarodnym pravom
i rossiyskim zakonodatel'stvom // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya / Journal of foreighn legislation and comparative law. - 2013. - 1. - C. 154 - 164.
Roffe, P. and T. Tesfachew (2001). The Unfinished Agenda. In: Patel, S.J., Roffe P. and A.A. Yusef (eds.). International technology transfer: the origins and aftermath of the United Nations negotiations on Draft Code of Conduct, Kluwer Law International, The Netherlands, Pages: 468.
Shugurov M.V. Vozdeystvie sovremennogo NTP na mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie peredachi tekhnologiy v tselyakh ustoychivogo razvitiya // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. - 2015. - 2. - C. 53 - 90. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2015.2.14771. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_14771.html
Shugurov, M.V. (2015). Perspectives of international technology transfer in the TRIPS-plus era: problems and solutions. In: European Journal of Social and Human Sciences. Vol. 5(1): 48 – 57.
UNCTAD-ICTSD, (2000). Project on Intellectual property rights and sustainable development, Geneva. Available at http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/Intellectual%Property/IPRs-and-Sustainable-Development.asp
Foray, D. (2009). Technology transfer in the TRIPS Age: the need for new types of partnerships between the least developed and most advanced economies. ICTSD, Issue paper No. 23, Geneva, Pages: 75. Available at http://www.ictsd.org/themes/intellectual-properties/technology-transfer-in-the-trips-age-the-need-for-new-types-of.
Vivas-Euqui, D. and M.J. Oliva (2010). Biodiversity related intellectual provisions in Free Trade Agreements, ICTSD, Issue Paper No. 4, Pages: 39. Available at http://www.ictsd.org/downloads/2011/12/biodiversity_related-intellectual-property-provisions-in-free-trade-agreements.pdf.
Roffe, P. (2007). Intellectual property, bilateral agreements and sustainable development. The Challenges of Implementations, The Center for International Environment Law, Canada, pp. 6-15. Available at http://www.ciel.org/Publications/FTA_ImplementationPub_Jan07.pdf.
Knor, M. (2011). Climate Change, Technology and IPRs. In: Technological cooperation and climate change issues and perspectives. Working papers presented at the Ministry of environmental and forests, Government of India-UNDP Consultation on Technology Cooperation for Addressing Climate Change, 23-24 September, 2011 New Deli, India, Pages: 136.
Barton, J.H. (2007). New trends in technology transfer. Implications for national and international policy, ICTSD, Issue Paper No. 18, Geneva, Pages: 54. Available at http://www.ictsd.org/themes/innovation-and-ip/research-new-trend-in-transfer-implications-for-national-and-international-policy.
Bennet, D. (2002). Innovative Technology Transfer Framework Linked to Trade for UNIDO Action, Vienna, Pages: 64. Available at http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/import/userfiles/hartmany/wssd_tech_transfer.pdf.
WIPO. Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (CDIP). (Ninth Session, Geneva, May 7 to 11, 2012). Revised Project Paper for the Project on Intellectual Property and Technology transfer Common Challenges-Building Solutions (Recommendations 19, 25, 26 and 28), para 22 of CDIP/9/INF/4 (March 13, 2012). Available at http://www.wipo.int/meeting/en/details.jsp?meeting_id=25013.
UNCTAD, (2010). Foreign direct investment, the transfer and diffusion of technology, and sustainable development. Td/B/c.II/EM.2/2, 8 December, 2010. Available at http://unctad.org/en/docs/ciiem2d2_en.pdf.
Puustjärvi, E. et al., (2003). Transfer of environmentally sound technologies from developed countries to developing countries: background document for the Ad Hoc Expert Group on finance and environmentally sound technologies. The Secretariat of the United Nations Forum on forests, INDUFOR, Helsinki, Finland, Pages: 79. Available at http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.361.9646.
Tébar Less, T.C. and S. McMillan (2005). Achieving the successful transfer of environmentally sound technologies: trade-related aspects, OECD Trade and Environmental Working Paper No. 2005-02, Paris, France, Pages: 37. Available at http://www.oecd.org/tad/envtrade/35837552.pdf.
Verhoosel, G. (1997). International transfer of environmentally sound technology: the new dimension of an old stumbling block. In: Environmental Policy and Law, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Vol. 27(6): 470-487.
WIPO. Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (CDIP). (Ninth Session, Geneva May 7 to 11, 2012). Revised Project Paper for the Project on Intellectual Property and Technology transfer Common Challenges-Building Solutions (Recommendations 19, 25, 26 and 28), para 22 of CDIP/9/INF/4 (March 13, 2012). Available at http://www.wipo.int/meeting/en/details.jsp?meeting_id=25013.
Alberts, C.M. (1992). Technology transfer and its role in international environmental law: a structural dilemma. In: Harvard Journal of Law & Technology, William S. Hein & Co., Inc., New York, Vol. 6(1): 63-84.
Itogovyy dokument konferentsii OON RIO+20 «Budushchee, kotorogo my khotim» 2012 g. // A/RES/66/288 ot 27 iyulya 2012 g. Available at http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N11/476/10/PDF/N1147612.pdf?OpenElement.
Presentation of Constanza Martinez «The Use of IP Rights in the Transfer of technologies under Multilateral Environment Agreements (MEAs) at the WIPO Symposium on Patent landscaping and Transfer of Technology under Multilateral Environment Agreements (MEAs)», August 26, 2008, Geneva. Available at http://www.wipo.int/meetings/en/2008/lifesciences/ip_Iss2_ge/
Itogovyy dokument Vsemirnogo sammita 2005 g. // A/RES/60/1 ot 16 sentyabrya 2005 g. Available at http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N05/487/60/PDF/N0548760.pdf?OpenElement.
Itogovyy dokument plenarnogo zasedaniya vysokogo urovnya po tselyam v oblasti razvitiya, sformulirovannykh v Deklaratsii Tysyacheletiya. «Vypolnenie obeshchaniya: ob'edinenie vo imya dostizheniya tseley v oblasti razvitiya» // A/RES/65/1 ot 22 sentyabrya 2010 g. Available at http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N10/512/60/PDF/N1051260.pdf?OpenElement.
Copenhagen Accord (18 December 2009) // FCCC. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its fifteen session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009. Addendum. Part Two. Action taken by the Conference of the parties at its fifteenth session. Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties. Decision 2/CP.15. FCCC/CP/2009/11/Ad.1 (30 March 2010), pp. 5-7. Available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/cop15/eng/11a01.pdf .
Sanusi, Z.A. (2005). Technology transfer under Multilateral Environmental Agreements analyzing the synergies. UNU-IAS Working paper No. 134, Pages: 39. Available at http://www.ipce-wg2.gov/njlite_download.php?id=7029.
Hoffman, U. (1999). An analysis of effective operationalization of provisions on transfer of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries in Multilateral Environmental Agreements, pursuant to Agenda 21. UNCTAD draft discussion paper, Geneva. Available at http://r0.unctad.org/trade_env/docs/tot-unct.pdf.
WIPO (2008). Report on the international patent system prepared by the Secretariat, para 101, Geneva, Pages:
Available at http://www.gtwassociates.com/alerts/WIPOTechnologyDiffusionandthePatentSyste.pdf. 10. Shepherd, J. (2007). The future of technological transfer under Multilateral Environmental Agreements. 37 ELR 10548. Environmental Law Institute, Washington, DC, USA. Available at http://elr.info/sites/default/files/articles/37.10547.pdf.
Roffe, P. (2005). Comment I: Technology Transfer on the International Agenda. In: Maksus, K. and J. Reichman (eds.). International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology Under A Globalized Intellectual Property Regime, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 257 – 281.
Mansfield, E. (1993). Unauthorized use of intellectual property: Effects on investment, technology transfer, and innovation In: Wallerstein, M.B., Mogee, M.E. and R.A. Schoen (eds.). Global Dimensions of IPRs in science and technology, Washington National Academy Press, Pages: 441.
Deardorff, A.V. (1992). Welfare effects of global patent protection. In: Economica, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Vol. 59(233): 33-51.
Smith, P.J., 1999. Are weak patent rights a barrier to U.S. exports? In: Journal of International Economics, Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc., The Netherlands, Vol. 48(1): 151-177.
Butler J.S. and D.V. Gibson (2011). Introduction: technology transfer in global perspectives – issues for the twenty-first century. In: Butler, J.S. and D.V. Gibson (eds.). Global perspectives on technology transfer and commercialization: building innovative ecosystems, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, Pages: 432.
UNCTAD/ITE/IPC/Misc.5, 2001. Compendium of International Arrangements on Transfer of Technology. Selected Instruments. Relevant Provisions in Selected International Arrangements Pertaining to Transfer of Technology, Pages: 306. Available at http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/psiteipcm5.en.pdf.
Arora, A. (2009). Intellectual property rights and the international transfer of technology setting out an agenda for the empirical research in developing countries. In: The economics of intellectual property. Suggestions for further research in developing countries and countries with economies in transition. WIPO, Geneva, pp. 41 – 64. Available at http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/en/economics/1012/wipo_pub_1012.pdf .
Gutterman, A. and J. Erlich (1997). Technology development and transfer. Quorum Books, Westport, Conn, pp. 17 – 66.

References (transliteration):
Shugurov M.V. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie peredachi
tekhnologiy v tselyakh razvitiya // Pravo i politika. - 2013. - 8. - C. 1032 - 1046. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.8.9066.
Sheverdin A.V. Pravovoe regulirovanie biotekhnologiy
mezhdunarodnym pravom
i rossiyskim zakonodatel'stvom // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya / Journal of foreighn legislation and comparative law. - 2013. - 1. - C. 154 - 164.
Roffe, P. and T. Tesfachew (2001). The Unfinished Agenda. In: Patel, S.J., Roffe P. and A.A. Yusef (eds.). International technology transfer: the origins and aftermath of the United Nations negotiations on Draft Code of Conduct, Kluwer Law International, The Netherlands, Pages: 468.
Shugurov M.V. Vozdeystvie sovremennogo NTP na mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie peredachi tekhnologiy v tselyakh ustoychivogo razvitiya // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. - 2015. - 2. - C. 53 - 90. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2015.2.14771. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_14771.html
Shugurov, M.V. (2015). Perspectives of international technology transfer in the TRIPS-plus era: problems and solutions. In: European Journal of Social and Human Sciences. Vol. 5(1): 48 – 57.
UNCTAD-ICTSD, (2000). Project on Intellectual property rights and sustainable development, Geneva. Available at http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/Intellectual%Property/IPRs-and-Sustainable-Development.asp
Foray, D. (2009). Technology transfer in the TRIPS Age: the need for new types of partnerships between the least developed and most advanced economies. ICTSD, Issue paper No. 23, Geneva, Pages: 75. Available at http://www.ictsd.org/themes/intellectual-properties/technology-transfer-in-the-trips-age-the-need-for-new-types-of.
Vivas-Euqui, D. and M.J. Oliva (2010). Biodiversity related intellectual provisions in Free Trade Agreements, ICTSD, Issue Paper No. 4, Pages: 39. Available at http://www.ictsd.org/downloads/2011/12/biodiversity_related-intellectual-property-provisions-in-free-trade-agreements.pdf.
Roffe, P. (2007). Intellectual property, bilateral agreements and sustainable development. The Challenges of Implementations, The Center for International Environment Law, Canada, pp. 6-15. Available at http://www.ciel.org/Publications/FTA_ImplementationPub_Jan07.pdf.
Knor, M. (2011). Climate Change, Technology and IPRs. In: Technological cooperation and climate change issues and perspectives. Working papers presented at the Ministry of environmental and forests, Government of India-UNDP Consultation on Technology Cooperation for Addressing Climate Change, 23-24 September, 2011 New Deli, India, Pages: 136.
Barton, J.H. (2007). New trends in technology transfer. Implications for national and international policy, ICTSD, Issue Paper No. 18, Geneva, Pages: 54. Available at http://www.ictsd.org/themes/innovation-and-ip/research-new-trend-in-transfer-implications-for-national-and-international-policy.
Bennet, D. (2002). Innovative Technology Transfer Framework Linked to Trade for UNIDO Action, Vienna, Pages: 64. Available at http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/import/userfiles/hartmany/wssd_tech_transfer.pdf.
WIPO. Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (CDIP). (Ninth Session, Geneva, May 7 to 11, 2012). Revised Project Paper for the Project on Intellectual Property and Technology transfer Common Challenges-Building Solutions (Recommendations 19, 25, 26 and 28), para 22 of CDIP/9/INF/4 (March 13, 2012). Available at http://www.wipo.int/meeting/en/details.jsp?meeting_id=25013.
UNCTAD, (2010). Foreign direct investment, the transfer and diffusion of technology, and sustainable development. Td/B/c.II/EM.2/2, 8 December, 2010. Available at http://unctad.org/en/docs/ciiem2d2_en.pdf.
Puustjärvi, E. et al., (2003). Transfer of environmentally sound technologies from developed countries to developing countries: background document for the Ad Hoc Expert Group on finance and environmentally sound technologies. The Secretariat of the United Nations Forum on forests, INDUFOR, Helsinki, Finland, Pages: 79. Available at http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.361.9646.
Tébar Less, T.C. and S. McMillan (2005). Achieving the successful transfer of environmentally sound technologies: trade-related aspects, OECD Trade and Environmental Working Paper No. 2005-02, Paris, France, Pages: 37. Available at http://www.oecd.org/tad/envtrade/35837552.pdf.
Verhoosel, G. (1997). International transfer of environmentally sound technology: the new dimension of an old stumbling block. In: Environmental Policy and Law, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Vol. 27(6): 470-487.
WIPO. Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (CDIP). (Ninth Session, Geneva May 7 to 11, 2012). Revised Project Paper for the Project on Intellectual Property and Technology transfer Common Challenges-Building Solutions (Recommendations 19, 25, 26 and 28), para 22 of CDIP/9/INF/4 (March 13, 2012). Available at http://www.wipo.int/meeting/en/details.jsp?meeting_id=25013.
Alberts, C.M. (1992). Technology transfer and its role in international environmental law: a structural dilemma. In: Harvard Journal of Law & Technology, William S. Hein & Co., Inc., New York, Vol. 6(1): 63-84.
Itogovyy dokument konferentsii OON RIO+20 «Budushchee, kotorogo my khotim» 2012 g. // A/RES/66/288 ot 27 iyulya 2012 g. Available at http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N11/476/10/PDF/N1147612.pdf?OpenElement.
Presentation of Constanza Martinez «The Use of IP Rights in the Transfer of technologies under Multilateral Environment Agreements (MEAs) at the WIPO Symposium on Patent landscaping and Transfer of Technology under Multilateral Environment Agreements (MEAs)», August 26, 2008, Geneva. Available at http://www.wipo.int/meetings/en/2008/lifesciences/ip_Iss2_ge/
Itogovyy dokument Vsemirnogo sammita 2005 g. // A/RES/60/1 ot 16 sentyabrya 2005 g. Available at http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N05/487/60/PDF/N0548760.pdf?OpenElement.
Itogovyy dokument plenarnogo zasedaniya vysokogo urovnya po tselyam v oblasti razvitiya, sformulirovannykh v Deklaratsii Tysyacheletiya. «Vypolnenie obeshchaniya: ob'edinenie vo imya dostizheniya tseley v oblasti razvitiya» // A/RES/65/1 ot 22 sentyabrya 2010 g. Available at http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N10/512/60/PDF/N1051260.pdf?OpenElement.
Copenhagen Accord (18 December 2009) // FCCC. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its fifteen session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009. Addendum. Part Two. Action taken by the Conference of the parties at its fifteenth session. Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties. Decision 2/CP.15. FCCC/CP/2009/11/Ad.1 (30 March 2010), pp. 5-7. Available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/cop15/eng/11a01.pdf .
Sanusi, Z.A. (2005). Technology transfer under Multilateral Environmental Agreements analyzing the synergies. UNU-IAS Working paper No. 134, Pages: 39. Available at http://www.ipce-wg2.gov/njlite_download.php?id=7029.
Hoffman, U. (1999). An analysis of effective operationalization of provisions on transfer of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries in Multilateral Environmental Agreements, pursuant to Agenda 21. UNCTAD draft discussion paper, Geneva. Available at http://r0.unctad.org/trade_env/docs/tot-unct.pdf.
WIPO (2008). Report on the international patent system prepared by the Secretariat, para 101, Geneva, Pages:
Available at http://www.gtwassociates.com/alerts/WIPOTechnologyDiffusionandthePatentSyste.pdf. 10. Shepherd, J. (2007). The future of technological transfer under Multilateral Environmental Agreements. 37 ELR 10548. Environmental Law Institute, Washington, DC, USA. Available at http://elr.info/sites/default/files/articles/37.10547.pdf.
Roffe, P. (2005). Comment I: Technology Transfer on the International Agenda. In: Maksus, K. and J. Reichman (eds.). International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology Under A Globalized Intellectual Property Regime, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 257 – 281.
Mansfield, E. (1993). Unauthorized use of intellectual property: Effects on investment, technology transfer, and innovation In: Wallerstein, M.B., Mogee, M.E. and R.A. Schoen (eds.). Global Dimensions of IPRs in science and technology, Washington National Academy Press, Pages: 441.
Deardorff, A.V. (1992). Welfare effects of global patent protection. In: Economica, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Vol. 59(233): 33-51.
Smith, P.J., 1999. Are weak patent rights a barrier to U.S. exports? In: Journal of International Economics, Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc., The Netherlands, Vol. 48(1): 151-177.
Butler J.S. and D.V. Gibson (2011). Introduction: technology transfer in global perspectives – issues for the twenty-first century. In: Butler, J.S. and D.V. Gibson (eds.). Global perspectives on technology transfer and commercialization: building innovative ecosystems, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, Pages: 432.
UNCTAD/ITE/IPC/Misc.5, 2001. Compendium of International Arrangements on Transfer of Technology. Selected Instruments. Relevant Provisions in Selected International Arrangements Pertaining to Transfer of Technology, Pages: 306. Available at http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/psiteipcm5.en.pdf.
Arora, A. (2009). Intellectual property rights and the international transfer of technology setting out an agenda for the empirical research in developing countries. In: The economics of intellectual property. Suggestions for further research in developing countries and countries with economies in transition. WIPO, Geneva, pp. 41 – 64. Available at http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/en/economics/1012/wipo_pub_1012.pdf .
Gutterman, A. and J. Erlich (1997). Technology development and transfer. Quorum Books, Westport, Conn, pp. 17 – 66.

Review: The subject of this research is the concept of “The Responsibility to Protect”, the main positions of which are contained in its primary document – the report of International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) (2002). A significant attention is given to such components of the concept “The Responsibility to Protect” as responsibility to respond, responsibility to prevent humanitarian crises, and restoration afterwards. Analysis is conducted on the key criteria for forced intervention, including: right authority, just cause, right intention, last resort, proportional means, and reasonable prospects. The scientific novelty consists in the author’s revelation of the fact that this concept laid the foundation for conflict of laws with regards to a number of fundamental norms and principles of modern international law. As a result of the analysis the author comes to a conclusion that the concept of “The Responsibility to Protect” a priori contained a potential attempt to review a number of norms and principles of international law, and revise the positions of the UN Charter and work of this global organization.

Keywords: Unite Nations, UN Security Council, NATO, Responsibility to protect, Legal norm, Criteria, Concept, ICISS, Authority, Proportionality

References:
Kotlyar V.S. Kontseptsiya otvetstvennosti za zashchitu kak proekt kodeksa provedeniya gumanitarnykh interventsiy // Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe i chastnoe pravo. 2005. ¹ 3. [Elektronnyy resurs]. Rezhim dostupa: http://www.lawmix.ru/comm/776.
Veto v Sovete Bezopasnosti [Elektronnyy resurs]. Rezhim dostupa: http://www.un.org/ru/sc/meetings/veto.
Doklad Mezhdunarodnoy komissii po vmeshatel'stvu i gosudarstvennomu suverenitetu [Elektronnyy resurs]. Rezhim dostupa: http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N02/525/72/IMG/N0252572.pdf.

References (transliteration):
Kotlyar V.S. Kontseptsiya otvetstvennosti za zashchitu kak proekt kodeksa provedeniya gumanitarnykh interventsiy // Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe i chastnoe pravo. 2005. ¹ 3. [Elektronnyy resurs]. Rezhim dostupa: http://www.lawmix.ru/comm/776.
Veto v Sovete Bezopasnosti [Elektronnyy resurs]. Rezhim dostupa: http://www.un.org/ru/sc/meetings/veto.
Doklad Mezhdunarodnoy komissii po vmeshatel'stvu i gosudarstvennomu suverenitetu [Elektronnyy resurs]. Rezhim dostupa: http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N02/525/72/IMG/N0252572.pdf.

Review: The subject of this research is the theoretical and practical aspects of the position of rights and protection of civilian population during an armed conflict (on the example of Yemen). A special attention is given to the cooperation of regional organizations and the United Nations on the issue of use of force within international relations, and the practical application of Article 51 of the UN Charter. The postulation of the main problem is the ethics of use of force for the purpose of helping the civilian population, as well as the need to limit the means such as airstrikes and other means with low-precision destruction. The following conclusion is made: the only possible way to protect the civilian population can be ensured within the framework of a country through the creation of a working mechanism for holding parties accountable for serious violations of the norms of international humanitarian law and human rights during peace time, as well as during an armed conflict.

Keywords: UN Charter, international law, international relations, regional organizations, UN, civilian population, protection, self-defense, Yemen, armed conflict

References:
Doklad General'nogo sekretarya po voprosu o zashchite grazhdanskikh lits v vooruzhennom konflikte, S/2015/453, ot 18 iyunya 2015 g. http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2015/453&Lang=R
Letter dated 12.03.2015 from the Charge d’Affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of France the the UN addressed to the Secretary General. S/2015/176. URL:http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2015_176.pdf
http://www.unhcr.org.uk/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/Jan2015_Displacement_Facts_and_Figures_incMYT2014.pdf
http://www.un.org/ru/documents/charter/chapter1.shtml
http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/intlaw_principles.shtml
Vol'fgang graf Vittstum i dr. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo, Berlin, 2007, S.818.
Identical letters dated 26 of March 2015 from the Permanent Representative of Qatar to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council , S/2015/217 URL:http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2015_217.pdf
Rezolyutsiya S/RES/2216 (2015) SB OON ot 14 aprelya 2015 g. http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N15/103/75/PDF/N1510375.pdf?OpenElement
Case concerning military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v.USA), Judgment of 27 of June 1986, paragraph 193, page. 92 (URL:http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/70/6503.pdf)
Konsul'tativnoe zaklyuchenie Mezhdunarodnogo suda otnositel'no pravovykh posledstviy stroitel'stva steny na okkupirovannoy palestinskoy territorii, A/ES-10/273., ot 13 iyulya 2004g., S.58,URL: http://www.icj-cij.org/homepage/ru/advisory/advisory_2004-07-09.pdf
http://www.un.org/ru/documents/charter/chapter8.shtml
Khans-Peter Gasser «Mezhdunarodnoe gumanitarnoe pravo. Vvedenie», MKKK, M.:1995, S.92/
Marco Sassoli, Antoine A.Bouvier, Anne Quintuin, “How does Law protect in war? Cases, Documents and teaching materials on Contemporary Practice in International Humanitarian Law”, Volume I, ICRC Third Edition, p.28.
Rezolyutsiya S/RES/2222 (2015) SB OON ot 27 maya 2015 g. URL:http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N15/153/83/PDF/N1515383.pdf?OpenElement
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http://www.un.org/ru/law/icc/rome_statute%28r%29.pdf
D.Schindler, “International Humanitarian Law and internationalized internal armed conflicts”, International Review of the Red Cross, N.230,1982, p.255.
Mezhdunarodnyy ugolovnyy tribunal po byvshey Yugoslavii, delo ¹ IT-94-1-A72, Prosecutor v. Duško Tadića/k/a "DULE", Appeals Chamber, 2 October 1995, para. 70 (1994-1995), 1 ICTY JR 352, para. 70.
Proekt statey ob otvetstvennosti gosudarstv za mezhdunarodno-protivopravnye deyaniya, stat'ya 23, Ezhegodnik Komissii mezhdunarodnogo prava, 2001 god, tom II, chast' 2.
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Rezolyutsiya S/Res/ 2216 (2015) SBOON ot 14.04.2015 g. URL:http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N15/103/75/PDF/N1510375.pdf?OpenElement
Rezolyutsiya GA OON A/RES/66/176 ot 19.12.2011 g. URL:http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N11/469/40/PDF/N1146940.pdf?OpenElement
International Law (3d edn) [edited by] M.Evans. Oxford University Press, 2010, S.597.
Doklad General'nogo sekretarya po voprosu o zashchite grazhdanskikh lits v vooruzhennom konflikte, S/2015/453 ot 18 iyunya 2015 g.
Doklad General'nogo sekretarya po voprosu o zashchite grazhdanskikh lits v vooruzhennom konflikte, S/2015/453 ot 18 iyunya 2015 g. S.22/24. URL:http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2015/453&Lang=

References (transliteration):
Doklad General'nogo sekretarya po voprosu o zashchite grazhdanskikh lits v vooruzhennom konflikte, S/2015/453, ot 18 iyunya 2015 g. http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2015/453&Lang=R
Letter dated 12.03.2015 from the Charge d’Affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of France the the UN addressed to the Secretary General. S/2015/176. URL:http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2015_176.pdf
http://www.unhcr.org.uk/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/Jan2015_Displacement_Facts_and_Figures_incMYT2014.pdf
http://www.un.org/ru/documents/charter/chapter1.shtml
http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/intlaw_principles.shtml
Vol'fgang graf Vittstum i dr. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo, Berlin, 2007, S.818.
Identical letters dated 26 of March 2015 from the Permanent Representative of Qatar to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council , S/2015/217 URL:http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2015_217.pdf
Rezolyutsiya S/RES/2216 (2015) SB OON ot 14 aprelya 2015 g. http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N15/103/75/PDF/N1510375.pdf?OpenElement
Case concerning military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v.USA), Judgment of 27 of June 1986, paragraph 193, page. 92 (URL:http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/70/6503.pdf)
Konsul'tativnoe zaklyuchenie Mezhdunarodnogo suda otnositel'no pravovykh posledstviy stroitel'stva steny na okkupirovannoy palestinskoy territorii, A/ES-10/273., ot 13 iyulya 2004g., S.58,URL: http://www.icj-cij.org/homepage/ru/advisory/advisory_2004-07-09.pdf
http://www.un.org/ru/documents/charter/chapter8.shtml
Khans-Peter Gasser «Mezhdunarodnoe gumanitarnoe pravo. Vvedenie», MKKK, M.:1995, S.92/
Marco Sassoli, Antoine A.Bouvier, Anne Quintuin, “How does Law protect in war? Cases, Documents and teaching materials on Contemporary Practice in International Humanitarian Law”, Volume I, ICRC Third Edition, p.28.
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D.Schindler, “International Humanitarian Law and internationalized internal armed conflicts”, International Review of the Red Cross, N.230,1982, p.255.
Mezhdunarodnyy ugolovnyy tribunal po byvshey Yugoslavii, delo ¹ IT-94-1-A72, Prosecutor v. Duško Tadića/k/a "DULE", Appeals Chamber, 2 October 1995, para. 70 (1994-1995), 1 ICTY JR 352, para. 70.
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Zaklyuchitel'noe kommyunike «Gruppy deystviy» po Sirii, Zheneva, 30 iyunya 2012 goda (1282-01-07-2012).
http://www.chemico-group.com/ru/images/stories/docs/ustav.pdf
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International Law (3d edn) [edited by] M.Evans. Oxford University Press, 2010, S.597.
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Review: This article is dedicated to the research of the main trends in regulation of legal relations, pertaining to such key institutions of international private maritime law as maritime lien, and rescue of ships and other property at sea. These legal institutions not only carry great significance from the perspective of their theoretical cognition and scientific analysis, but also play an important role in merchant shipping, which at the present time increases exponentially in international trade relations. The authors make an accent on the multifacetedness and richness of sources of these institutions of international private maritime law that is substantiated by the specificity of relations associated with international law. The relevance of this problematic is also confirmed by the presence of modern international trends of reform and unification of these institutions of private maritime law, which is confirmed by new conventions passed by the global maritime coalition, development of new documents by international organizations that are widely applied in the merchant shipping as “soft law”, as well as implementation of international norms into national legislation by many countries.

Keywords: bottomry, maritime lien, unification, customs of merchant shipping, national legislation, international agreements, international transport law, maritime privileged requirements, vessel resque, salvage contract

References:
Rylov S.I., Mimkha A.A., Berezov P.N. Vneshnetorgovye operatsii morskogo transporta. M., 1996. S. 9.
Erpyleva N.Yu. Ponyatie i istochniki mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo morskogo prava // Transportnoe pravo. 2010. ¹ 2. S. 12-17.
Fedorov A.F. Morskoe pravo. Odessa, 1913.
Lipavskiy V.B. Pravovoe regulirovanie morskogo zaloga. M.: Yurist, 2004.
Shershenevich G.F. Kurs torgovogo prava. T. 3. SPb., 1909.
Kasso L.A. Ponyatie o zaloge v sovremennom prave. Seriya «Klassika Rossiyskoy tsivilistiki». M., 1999. S. 85-87.
Michael A. Orlando. A Lien is a Lien, but a Maritime Lien is Not. IRMI, 2003.
Kargopolov S.G., Sidoruk A.A. Tri podkhoda k arestu morskikh sudov po morskim trebovaniyam // Rossiyskiy sud'ya. 2002. ¹ 6. S. 16.
Faddeeva T. A. Privilegirovannye trebovaniya v morskom prave // Pravovedenie. 1971. ¹ 2.
Sarbash S.V. Pravo uderzhaniya kak sposob obespecheniya ispolneniya obyazatel'stv. M., 2003. S. 106-107.
Shashorin A.A. Ipoteka morskikh sudov i morskoy zalog // Zakon. 2006. ¹ 12.
Barinova I.I. Mezhdunarodnaya unifikatsiya pravil o morskikh zalogakh i ipotekakh // Morskoe pravo i mezhdunarodnoe sudokhodstvo na sovremennom etape: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. M., 1986. S. 37.
Ivanov G.G. Pravovoe regulirovanie morskogo sudokhodstva v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Izd-vo RITs «Morskie vesti Rossii», 2009.
Simonenko A.M. Kommentariy k Kodeksu torgovogo moreplavaniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus», 2008.
Milyakina E.V., Rossa A.A. Ekonomiko-pravovye problemy obespecheniya ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti na morskom transporte // Zakonodatel'stvo i ekonomika. 2006. ¹ 8. S. 35.
Zagrebel'nyy I.A. Osobennosti morskogo zaloga na sudno // Transportnoe pravo. 2002. ¹ 1. S. 16.
Vorob'ev D. V. Kollizionnoe regulirovanie zalogovykh pravootnosheniy v Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe i chastnoe pravo. 2002. ¹ 4. S. 48.
Alba T.P. An Introductory View of Salvage Claims: Master thesis. Technical University of Catalonia, 2013.
Sidorchenko V.F. Spasanie chelovecheskikh zhizney i imushchestva na more «po-piratski» // Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. 2010. ¹ 2.
Rose F.D. Kennedy & Rose-The Law of Salvage. Sweet and Maxwell. London, 2002. P. 1.
Babin A.P. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoy status spasateley chelovecheskikh zhizney i imushchestva na more: Avtoref. diss. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 1998.
Force R. Admiralty and Maritime Law. W., Federal Judicial Center, 2013.
Wilder M.A. Application of Salvage Law and the Law of Finds to Sunken Shipwreck Discoveries // Defense Counsel Journal. 2000. Vol. 67, ¹ 1.
Eng T.T. Can Intellectual Property Rights Form A Part of The Salvors’ Traditional Rights, and Can A Balance Be Achieved Between Them? The Position of English, American and South African Salvors in Light of The Recent Decisions of The ‘R.M.S. Titanic’ Cases in The United States of America: Diss. … LLM Shipping Law. University of Cape Town, 2014. P. 14.
DuClos J.S. A Conceptual Wreck: Salvaging the Law of Finds // Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce. 2007. Vol. 38, No. 1. P. 26.
Gureev. S.A. Kollizionnye problemy morskogo prava. M.: Mezhdunar. otnosheniya, 1972. S. 184.

References (transliteration):
Rylov S.I., Mimkha A.A., Berezov P.N. Vneshnetorgovye operatsii morskogo transporta. M., 1996. S. 9.
Erpyleva N.Yu. Ponyatie i istochniki mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo morskogo prava // Transportnoe pravo. 2010. ¹ 2. S. 12-17.
Fedorov A.F. Morskoe pravo. Odessa, 1913.
Lipavskiy V.B. Pravovoe regulirovanie morskogo zaloga. M.: Yurist, 2004.
Shershenevich G.F. Kurs torgovogo prava. T. 3. SPb., 1909.
Kasso L.A. Ponyatie o zaloge v sovremennom prave. Seriya «Klassika Rossiyskoy tsivilistiki». M., 1999. S. 85-87.
Michael A. Orlando. A Lien is a Lien, but a Maritime Lien is Not. IRMI, 2003.
Kargopolov S.G., Sidoruk A.A. Tri podkhoda k arestu morskikh sudov po morskim trebovaniyam // Rossiyskiy sud'ya. 2002. ¹ 6. S. 16.
Faddeeva T. A. Privilegirovannye trebovaniya v morskom prave // Pravovedenie. 1971. ¹ 2.
Sarbash S.V. Pravo uderzhaniya kak sposob obespecheniya ispolneniya obyazatel'stv. M., 2003. S. 106-107.
Shashorin A.A. Ipoteka morskikh sudov i morskoy zalog // Zakon. 2006. ¹ 12.
Barinova I.I. Mezhdunarodnaya unifikatsiya pravil o morskikh zalogakh i ipotekakh // Morskoe pravo i mezhdunarodnoe sudokhodstvo na sovremennom etape: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. M., 1986. S. 37.
Ivanov G.G. Pravovoe regulirovanie morskogo sudokhodstva v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Izd-vo RITs «Morskie vesti Rossii», 2009.
Simonenko A.M. Kommentariy k Kodeksu torgovogo moreplavaniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus», 2008.
Milyakina E.V., Rossa A.A. Ekonomiko-pravovye problemy obespecheniya ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti na morskom transporte // Zakonodatel'stvo i ekonomika. 2006. ¹ 8. S. 35.
Zagrebel'nyy I.A. Osobennosti morskogo zaloga na sudno // Transportnoe pravo. 2002. ¹ 1. S. 16.
Vorob'ev D. V. Kollizionnoe regulirovanie zalogovykh pravootnosheniy v Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe i chastnoe pravo. 2002. ¹ 4. S. 48.
Alba T.P. An Introductory View of Salvage Claims: Master thesis. Technical University of Catalonia, 2013.
Sidorchenko V.F. Spasanie chelovecheskikh zhizney i imushchestva na more «po-piratski» // Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. 2010. ¹ 2.
Rose F.D. Kennedy & Rose-The Law of Salvage. Sweet and Maxwell. London, 2002. P. 1.
Babin A.P. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoy status spasateley chelovecheskikh zhizney i imushchestva na more: Avtoref. diss. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 1998.
Force R. Admiralty and Maritime Law. W., Federal Judicial Center, 2013.
Wilder M.A. Application of Salvage Law and the Law of Finds to Sunken Shipwreck Discoveries // Defense Counsel Journal. 2000. Vol. 67, ¹ 1.
Eng T.T. Can Intellectual Property Rights Form A Part of The Salvors’ Traditional Rights, and Can A Balance Be Achieved Between Them? The Position of English, American and South African Salvors in Light of The Recent Decisions of The ‘R.M.S. Titanic’ Cases in The United States of America: Diss. … LLM Shipping Law. University of Cape Town, 2014. P. 14.
DuClos J.S. A Conceptual Wreck: Salvaging the Law of Finds // Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce. 2007. Vol. 38, No. 1. P. 26.
Gureev. S.A. Kollizionnye problemy morskogo prava. M.: Mezhdunar. otnosheniya, 1972. S. 184.

Review: This article examines the principles of fair and rational use of fresh water resources and the right of a sovereign nation to a part of transboundary fresh waters, their historical establishment, statutorization and explanation of their content on universal and regional levels. A special attention is given to the factors of determination of fairness and rationality of the use of the waters and their interconnection, as well as the international legal regulation of the correlation between various types of use of fresh water resources. In the course of the research the author determined the principles of usage and protection of fresh water resources are unified for international waterways and transboundary watercourses. The fairness of usage means an optimal distribution of water, and rationality – passing measures on maintenance and restoration of water resources to the level that ensures maximal benefit from its usage. The author proves that a fresh water object falls under the sovereignty of a nation due to the fact that the “reservoir” represents a part of the territory of the country.

Keywords: equitable use of a watercourse, freshwater, rational utilisation, sovereignty over the watercourse, priority of uses of a watercourses, principles for the use of water, international watercourse, transboundary aquifer, vital human needs, reasonable use of a watercourse

References:
Konventsiya o prave nesudokhodnykh vidov ispol'zovaniya mezhdunarodnykh vodotokov ot 21 maya 1997 g. URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/watercrs.shtml (data obrashcheniya: 01.07.2015 g.).
Doklad Komissii mezhdunarodnogo prava o rabote ee pyat'desyat vos'moy sessii: dok. OON A/61/10. N'yu-York: OON, 2006. S. 210.
International Law Association Committee on Water Resources Law (2004). Fourth Report, Berlin Conference (2004).
Proekty statey po pravu transgranichnykh vodonosnykh gorizontov s kommentariyami // Doklad Komissii mezhdunarodnogo prava o rabote ee shestidesyatoy sessii: dok. OON A/63/10. N'yu-York: OON, 2008. S. 18-85.
Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 1993. Vol. II. Part 1. pp. 179-185. Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 1994. Vol. II. Part 1. pp. 113-128.
Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 2003. Vol. II. Part 1. P. 123.
Barberis J.A. International groundwater resources law (FAO legislative study 40). Food & Agriculture Org., 1986. pp. 74. Caponera D.A. Principles for International groundwater law // Natural Resources Journal Vol. 18, 1978, pp. 589-619. Fuentes X. The Utilization of International Groundwater in General International Law (chapter 8) // The Reality of International Law: Essays in Honour of Ian Brownlie / Guy S. Goodwin-Gill and Stefan Talmon. Oxford, Carendon press, 1999. pp. 177-198. Zaharia F. The Law of Transboundary Aquifers in Practice – the Mures Alluvial Fan Aquifer System (Romania / Hungary) // International Community Law Review Vol. 13, 2011, pp. 291-304.
Caponera D.A. Op. Cit. P. 603.
Draft Articles on The Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses // Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 1994. Vol. II. Part 2. pp. 89-135.
Tarlock A.D., Wouters P. Are Shared Benefits of International Waters an Equitable Apportionment? // Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law & Policy Vol. 18, 2007, pp. 525-527. Dombrowsky I. Revisiting the potential for benefit sharing in the management of trans-boundary rivers // Water Policy Vol. 11, 2009, pp. 125-126.
Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 1994. Vol. II. Part 2. P. 97. Doklad Komissii mezhdunarodnogo prava o rabote ee pyat'desyat vos'moy sessii: dok. OON A/61/10. N'yu-York: OON, 2006. S. 209.
Fuentes X. Op. Cit. pp. 186-187.
Barberis J.A. Op. Cit. P. 51.
Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses 07 August 2000. URL: http://www.sadc.int/files/3413/6698/6218/Revised_Protocol_on_Shared_Watercourses_-_2000_-_English.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 01.07.2015 g.).
Doklad Komissii mezhdunarodnogo prava o rabote ee shestidesyatoy sessii: dok. OON A/63/10. N'yu-York: OON, 2008. S. 45.
Caponera D.A. Patterns of Cooperation in International Water Law: Principles and Institutions // Natural Resources Journal Vol. 25, 1985, P. 567.
McIntyre O. International Water Resources Law and the International Law Commission Draft Articles on Transboundary Aquifers: A Missed Opportunity for Cross-Fertilisation? // International Community Law Review Vol. 13, 2011, P. 245.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Development Law Service. Sources of International Water Law FAO legislative study 65. Food & Agriculture Org., 1998. pp. 212-215.
The Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers 1966. URL: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/water/meetings/legal_board/2010/annexes_groundwater_paper/Annex_II_Helsinki_Rules_ILA.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 01.07.2015 g.).
Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 1994. Vol. II. Part 2. P. 101.
Doklad Komissii mezhdunarodnogo prava o rabote ee pyat'desyat vos'moy sessii: dok. OON A/61/10. N'yu-York: OON, 2006. S. 212.
Bekyashev K.A. Pravovoy rezhim mezhdunarodnykh vodotokov // Lex Russica. 2009. ¹ 2. 2009. S. 479.
Makhkambaev S.D. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie sotrudnichestva gosudarstv po ispol'zovaniyu transgranichnykh vodnykh resursov v regione Tsentral'noy Azii: Diss. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2011. 227 s.
Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 1994. Vol. II. Part 2. P. 110.
Vodnyy Kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 03.06.2006 g. ¹ 74-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2006. ¹ 23. St. 2381.
Vodnyy Kodeks Respubliki Belarus' ot 30.04.2014 g. ¹ 149-Z // Natsional'nyy reestr pravovykh aktov Respubliki Belarus'. 2014. ¹ 21.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Development Law Service. Sources of International Water Law FAO legislative study 65. Food & Agriculture Org., 1998. pp. 21-202.
Vylegzhanin A.N. Upravlenie vodnymi resursami Rossii: mezhdunarodno-pravovye i zakonodatel'nye mekhanizmy: monografiya / A.N. Vylegzhanin, L.V. Savel'eva i dr.; Mosk.gos.in-t mezhdunar.otnosheniy (un-t) MID Rossii, kaf. mezhdunar.prava.-M.: MGIMO-Universitet, 2008. S. 92.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Development Law Service. Sources of International Water Law FAO legislative study 65. Food & Agriculture Org., 1998. pp. 56-63.
Ibid. pp. 306-311.
de Chazournes L.B. Freshwater and International Law. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2013. P. 132.
McCaffrey S. The Law of International Watercourses. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2007. P. 291.
McIntyre O. Op. Cit. pp. 249-253.
Gureev S.A., Tarasova I.N. Mezhdunarodnoe rechnoe pravo: Uchebnoe posobie / pod red. S. A. Gureeva. – M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 2004. S. 36-50. Nekoteneva M.V. Pravovye problemy ispol'zovaniya mezhdunarodnykh vodotokov: Diss. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2008. S. 47-62. Makhkambaev S.D. Ukaz. soch. S. 86-94.
Kosareva M.A. Transgranichnye prirodnye resursy v mezhdunarodnom prave: ponyatie, status, rezhim: Diss. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2008. S. 69-78.
McIntyre O. Op. Cit. P. 249.
Kosareva M.A. Ukaz. soch. S. 33.
Doklad o razvitii cheloveka 2006 «Chto kroetsya za nekhvatkoy vody: Vlast', bednost' i global'nyy krizis vodnykh resursov». M.: «Ves' Mir», 2006. S. 222.
Agreement on the cooperation for the sustainable development of the Mekong river basin 5 April 1995. URL: http://www.mrcmekong.org/assets/Publications/policies/agreement-Apr95.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 01.07.2015 g.).
Treaty relating to cooperative development of the water resources of the Columbia River Basin 17 January 1961. URL: http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/bi-145062.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 01.07.2015 g.).
Soglashenie mezhdu Pravitel'stvom Rossiyskoy Federatsii i Pravitel'stvom Azerbaydzhanskoy Respubliki o ratsional'nom ispol'zovanii i okhrane vodnykh resursov transgranichnoy reki Samur ot 03.09.2010 g. URL: http://www.mid.ru/bdomp/spd_md.nsf/0/12B142813CAE27AA43257E6800415F32 (data obrashcheniya: 01.07.2015 g.).
V dogovornoy praktike gosudarstv imeyutsya primery vododeleniya v inykh proportsiyakh. Soglasno Polozheniyu po sovmestnomu ispol'zovaniyu vodnykh resursov v basseyne reki Chu 1983 g. Kazakhstanu predostavleno 42 % vod, Kyrgyzstanu – 58%.

References (transliteration):
Konventsiya o prave nesudokhodnykh vidov ispol'zovaniya mezhdunarodnykh vodotokov ot 21 maya 1997 g. URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/watercrs.shtml (data obrashcheniya: 01.07.2015 g.).
Doklad Komissii mezhdunarodnogo prava o rabote ee pyat'desyat vos'moy sessii: dok. OON A/61/10. N'yu-York: OON, 2006. S. 210.
International Law Association Committee on Water Resources Law (2004). Fourth Report, Berlin Conference (2004).
Proekty statey po pravu transgranichnykh vodonosnykh gorizontov s kommentariyami // Doklad Komissii mezhdunarodnogo prava o rabote ee shestidesyatoy sessii: dok. OON A/63/10. N'yu-York: OON, 2008. S. 18-85.
Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 1993. Vol. II. Part 1. pp. 179-185. Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 1994. Vol. II. Part 1. pp. 113-128.
Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 2003. Vol. II. Part 1. P. 123.
Barberis J.A. International groundwater resources law (FAO legislative study 40). Food & Agriculture Org., 1986. pp. 74. Caponera D.A. Principles for International groundwater law // Natural Resources Journal Vol. 18, 1978, pp. 589-619. Fuentes X. The Utilization of International Groundwater in General International Law (chapter 8) // The Reality of International Law: Essays in Honour of Ian Brownlie / Guy S. Goodwin-Gill and Stefan Talmon. Oxford, Carendon press, 1999. pp. 177-198. Zaharia F. The Law of Transboundary Aquifers in Practice – the Mures Alluvial Fan Aquifer System (Romania / Hungary) // International Community Law Review Vol. 13, 2011, pp. 291-304.
Caponera D.A. Op. Cit. P. 603.
Draft Articles on The Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses // Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 1994. Vol. II. Part 2. pp. 89-135.
Tarlock A.D., Wouters P. Are Shared Benefits of International Waters an Equitable Apportionment? // Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law & Policy Vol. 18, 2007, pp. 525-527. Dombrowsky I. Revisiting the potential for benefit sharing in the management of trans-boundary rivers // Water Policy Vol. 11, 2009, pp. 125-126.
Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 1994. Vol. II. Part 2. P. 97. Doklad Komissii mezhdunarodnogo prava o rabote ee pyat'desyat vos'moy sessii: dok. OON A/61/10. N'yu-York: OON, 2006. S. 209.
Fuentes X. Op. Cit. pp. 186-187.
Barberis J.A. Op. Cit. P. 51.
Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses 07 August 2000. URL: http://www.sadc.int/files/3413/6698/6218/Revised_Protocol_on_Shared_Watercourses_-_2000_-_English.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 01.07.2015 g.).
Doklad Komissii mezhdunarodnogo prava o rabote ee shestidesyatoy sessii: dok. OON A/63/10. N'yu-York: OON, 2008. S. 45.
Caponera D.A. Patterns of Cooperation in International Water Law: Principles and Institutions // Natural Resources Journal Vol. 25, 1985, P. 567.
McIntyre O. International Water Resources Law and the International Law Commission Draft Articles on Transboundary Aquifers: A Missed Opportunity for Cross-Fertilisation? // International Community Law Review Vol. 13, 2011, P. 245.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Development Law Service. Sources of International Water Law FAO legislative study 65. Food & Agriculture Org., 1998. pp. 212-215.
The Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers 1966. URL: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/water/meetings/legal_board/2010/annexes_groundwater_paper/Annex_II_Helsinki_Rules_ILA.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 01.07.2015 g.).
Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 1994. Vol. II. Part 2. P. 101.
Doklad Komissii mezhdunarodnogo prava o rabote ee pyat'desyat vos'moy sessii: dok. OON A/61/10. N'yu-York: OON, 2006. S. 212.
Bekyashev K.A. Pravovoy rezhim mezhdunarodnykh vodotokov // Lex Russica. 2009. ¹ 2. 2009. S. 479.
Makhkambaev S.D. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie sotrudnichestva gosudarstv po ispol'zovaniyu transgranichnykh vodnykh resursov v regione Tsentral'noy Azii: Diss. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2011. 227 s.
Yearbook of the International Law Commission. 1994. Vol. II. Part 2. P. 110.
Vodnyy Kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 03.06.2006 g. ¹ 74-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2006. ¹ 23. St. 2381.
Vodnyy Kodeks Respubliki Belarus' ot 30.04.2014 g. ¹ 149-Z // Natsional'nyy reestr pravovykh aktov Respubliki Belarus'. 2014. ¹ 21.
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Review:  The international Ukrainian crisis, which started in February of 2014, consists of several components; first of all, it is an armed conflict on the territory of a number of eastern regions of Ukraine, and secession of the Republic of Crimea from Ukraine and its subsequent annexation to the Russian Federation. This article examines the questions of possible international legal qualifications of armed conflicts on the territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine, as well as the issue of possible grounds for Crimean secession from Ukraine. And finally, basing on the official point of view of Ukrainian government, we will attempt to determine which methods of legal defense Ukraine can receive within the framework of the current system of international law. As a result, the author concludes that the conflict in the southeast of Ukraine can represent an international character regardless of direct involvement of members of the Russian armed forces. As to the secession of Crimea, the author concludes that acknowledgement of the legality of its independence under the current circumstances depends on acknowledgement of the government, which is more of a political rather than legal issue. Even in the case of confirmed international armed conflict and act of aggression from the Russian Federation, the modern international law does not contain effective means of protection of the victim country.

Keywords: recognition of government, state responsibility, right to self-determination, unilateral declaration of independence, armed conflict, Crimean crisis, Armed conflict in Ukraine, Ukrainian crisis, act of aggression, international law

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Soglashenie mezhdu Rossiyskoy Federatsiey i Ukrainoy o statuse i usloviyakh prebyvaniya Chernomorskogo flota Rossiyskoy Federatsii na territorii Ukrainy Byulleten' mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. 1999. N 10. S. 74 – 80
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ICTY, Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic, Case No. IT-94-1-A, Judgment of May 7, 1997, reprinted in: 112 Int'l L.R. (1999)
ICTY, Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic, Case No. IT-94-1-A, Judgment (Merits Appeal) of July 15, 1999, reprinted in: 124 Intl L.R. (2003)
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Review: This article examines one of the most controversial state practices currently used in the war against terrorism, namely the targeted killing. The author assesses the correspondence of this phenomenon with international humanitarian law and international law of human rights pertaining to targeted killings during military conflicts and law enforcement operations. In the first part of the research, the author reviews the law of military conflicts and analyzes the legal status of various parties and the general limitations with regards to use of force during a military conflict. In the second part of the research, in analyzing the limits of the protection of the right to life, the author underlines the requirements that should be met before taking a life. The author comes to the conclusion that the practice of targeted killing corresponds with the norms of international law, but at the same time this practice remains subject to limitations from a number of principles in international law on armed conflicts such as proportionality, military necessity, caution, as well as the regulation of the use of methods and means of warfare and international law on human rights, particularly the protection of the right to life and prohibition of intentional or willful taking of life. The author rejects the existence of any other grounds for legalization of targeted killings other than those expressed within the norms of international humanitarian law and law on human rights.

Keywords: law of armed conflicts, right to life, targeted killing, international law, international humanitarian law, law on human rights , human rights, taking of life, war on terror, combatants

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References (transliteration):
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Review: The subject of this research is the international legal regime of the seabed of the Arctic Ocean with accent on the significance of the customs in resolving pressing issues of its delimitation. The author examines the precedent of the International Court of Justice on resolution of disputes in demarcation of the continental shelf, as well as the use of the sectoral method (method of meridian lines) in demarcation of the polar territories in the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825, Alaska Purchase (1867), USSR-USA Maritime Boundary Agreement (1990), and the 2011 agreement on delineation of the aviation and maritime search and rescue regions by the countries of the Arctic Council. The conclusion is made that the current international legal regime of the seabed of the Arctic Ocean, including the custom of sectoral division of the polar territories, would allow Russia to achieve an equitable result in delimitation of the Arctic shelf with the neighboring countries without turning to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, based on the treaties on delimitation, avoiding disputes, unjustified territorial concessions, and ensure national interests.

Keywords: method of meridian lines, delineation of the Continental Shelf, delimitation of the Continental Shelf, Continental Shelf, International Court of Justice, international customs, Arctic Ocean, international legal regime, Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, International Seabed Area

References:
ILulissat Declaration, Arctic Ocean Conference, Greenland, 27-29 May 2008. URL: http://arctic-concil.org/filearchive/llulissat-declaration.pdf (16 June 2009).
Vylegzhanin A.N. Resheniya Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON po sporam o razgranichenii morskikh prostranstv. Yuridicheskaya literatura, 2004.
Nikolaev A. N., Peshchurov I. S. Pravovye vozmozhnosti predotvrashcheniya poteri Rossiey vysokoshirotnogo uchastka arkticheskogo shel'fa. Sovremennye proizvoditel'nye sily. – M.: SOPS. – ¹ 1/2014.
Pravovoe polozhenie Arkticheskogo regiona v dokumentakh // Arkticheskiy region. Khristomatiya v 3 tomakh. – T. 3. Primenimye pravovye istochniki / Gl. red. I. S. Ivanov. – M., 2013.
Lakhtin V. L. Prava na severnye polyarnye prostranstva. Izdanie Litizdata Narodnogo Komissariata po inostrannym delam. – M., 1928, 48 s.
Smedal G. Op. cit. P. 12.
Byulleten' mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. – 2013. – ¹ 9.
Zhudro I.S. Sravnitel'nyy analiz aktual'nykh podkhodov k resheniyu problemy mezhdunarodnogo zakrepleniya granits kontinental'nogo shel'fa Rossii v Arktike//Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. – 2015.-¹ 1(80).
Byulleten' mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. – 1998. – ¹ 1.
Zhudro I.S. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoy rezhim Severnogo Ledovitogo okeana v usloviyakh globalizatsii. Veroyatnye riski i ugrozy natsional'noy bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii v Arktike // Armiya i obshchestvo. – 2015.-¹ 1.
Ofitsial'nyy Internet-sayt OON. Dostup k resursu: http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/rus.
Kulebyakin V. N. Pravovoy rezhim Arktiki. Mezhdunarodnoe morskoe pravo / Otv. red. I. P. Blishchenko. – M., 1988.
Ofitsial'nyy sayt MID Rossii: Kommentariy Departamenta informatsii i pechati MID Rossii v svyazi s podachey Daniey zayavki na kontinental'nyy shel'f v Arktike http://mid.ru 2888-16-12-2014.
Partial Submission of the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark together with the Government of Greenland to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (The Northern Continental Shelf of Greenland):http://um.dk/en/~/media/UM/Danish-site/Documents/Udenrigspolitik/Nyheder_udenrigspoliti... (08/04/2015).
Vylegzhanin A. N. Utochnenie predelov yurisdiktsii Rossii v Arktike na osnove obshchego mezhdunarodnogo prava // Mezhdunarodnye sudy: aktual'nye problemy mezhdunarodnogo prava / mezhvuzovskiy sbornik nauchnykh trudov. – Vyp. ¹ 2(6). – Ekaterinburg, 2010.
Peshchurov I. S. Rezhim dna Severnogo Ledovitogo okeana soglasno mezhdunarodnomu obychnomu pravu // Moskovskiy zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava. – 2014. – ¹ 3(95) iyul'-sentyabr'.
Byulleten' mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. – 2011. – ¹ 12.
Byulleten' mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. – 2008. – ¹ 1.
Vylegzhanin A. N. 20 let «vremennogo primeneniya» Soglasheniya mezhdu SSSR i SShA o linii razgranicheniya morskikh prostranstv // Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta. – 2010. – ¹ 1.
Strategiya razvitiya Arkticheskoy zony Rossiyskoy Federatsii i obespecheniya natsional'noy bezopasnosti na period do 2020 goda (utv. Prezidentom Rossiyskoy Federatsii 8 fevralya 2013 g. Pr-232). Dostup k resursu: http://www.government.ru (20/02/2013).

References (transliteration):
ILulissat Declaration, Arctic Ocean Conference, Greenland, 27-29 May 2008. URL: http://arctic-concil.org/filearchive/llulissat-declaration.pdf (16 June 2009).
Vylegzhanin A.N. Resheniya Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON po sporam o razgranichenii morskikh prostranstv. Yuridicheskaya literatura, 2004.
Nikolaev A. N., Peshchurov I. S. Pravovye vozmozhnosti predotvrashcheniya poteri Rossiey vysokoshirotnogo uchastka arkticheskogo shel'fa. Sovremennye proizvoditel'nye sily. – M.: SOPS. – ¹ 1/2014.
Pravovoe polozhenie Arkticheskogo regiona v dokumentakh // Arkticheskiy region. Khristomatiya v 3 tomakh. – T. 3. Primenimye pravovye istochniki / Gl. red. I. S. Ivanov. – M., 2013.
Lakhtin V. L. Prava na severnye polyarnye prostranstva. Izdanie Litizdata Narodnogo Komissariata po inostrannym delam. – M., 1928, 48 s.
Smedal G. Op. cit. P. 12.
Byulleten' mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. – 2013. – ¹ 9.
Zhudro I.S. Sravnitel'nyy analiz aktual'nykh podkhodov k resheniyu problemy mezhdunarodnogo zakrepleniya granits kontinental'nogo shel'fa Rossii v Arktike//Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. – 2015.-¹ 1(80).
Byulleten' mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. – 1998. – ¹ 1.
Zhudro I.S. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoy rezhim Severnogo Ledovitogo okeana v usloviyakh globalizatsii. Veroyatnye riski i ugrozy natsional'noy bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii v Arktike // Armiya i obshchestvo. – 2015.-¹ 1.
Ofitsial'nyy Internet-sayt OON. Dostup k resursu: http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/rus.
Kulebyakin V. N. Pravovoy rezhim Arktiki. Mezhdunarodnoe morskoe pravo / Otv. red. I. P. Blishchenko. – M., 1988.
Ofitsial'nyy sayt MID Rossii: Kommentariy Departamenta informatsii i pechati MID Rossii v svyazi s podachey Daniey zayavki na kontinental'nyy shel'f v Arktike http://mid.ru 2888-16-12-2014.
Partial Submission of the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark together with the Government of Greenland to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (The Northern Continental Shelf of Greenland):http://um.dk/en/~/media/UM/Danish-site/Documents/Udenrigspolitik/Nyheder_udenrigspoliti... (08/04/2015).
Vylegzhanin A. N. Utochnenie predelov yurisdiktsii Rossii v Arktike na osnove obshchego mezhdunarodnogo prava // Mezhdunarodnye sudy: aktual'nye problemy mezhdunarodnogo prava / mezhvuzovskiy sbornik nauchnykh trudov. – Vyp. ¹ 2(6). – Ekaterinburg, 2010.
Peshchurov I. S. Rezhim dna Severnogo Ledovitogo okeana soglasno mezhdunarodnomu obychnomu pravu // Moskovskiy zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava. – 2014. – ¹ 3(95) iyul'-sentyabr'.
Byulleten' mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. – 2011. – ¹ 12.
Byulleten' mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. – 2008. – ¹ 1.
Vylegzhanin A. N. 20 let «vremennogo primeneniya» Soglasheniya mezhdu SSSR i SShA o linii razgranicheniya morskikh prostranstv // Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta. – 2010. – ¹ 1.
Strategiya razvitiya Arkticheskoy zony Rossiyskoy Federatsii i obespecheniya natsional'noy bezopasnosti na period do 2020 goda (utv. Prezidentom Rossiyskoy Federatsii 8 fevralya 2013 g. Pr-232). Dostup k resursu: http://www.government.ru (20/02/2013).

Review: The Russian law doctrine practically has no research on the statutory legislation on Private International Law (PIL) of the United States, even though this country did participate in the global processes of codification of PIL. The subject of this research is the legislative act of the State of Oregon on the choice of law to be applied towards the contractual obligations (2001, rev. 2013). This act codifies the precedent of the State of Oregon; the structure of the act reflects its “judicial orientation”, meant to serve as a guide for the judges. At the same time, the act is “scientifically oriented”, and its positions reproduce the most successful doctrinal experience of American Choice-of-Law Revolution. The authors conclude that the rules of the act are based on the synthesis of flexible choice-of-law approaches and certain norms. Oregon’s legislators were able to achieve the optimal balance between flexibility and predictability of the choice-of-law regulation of contracts.

Keywords: conflict approach, choice-of-law rules, Private International Law, the USA, Oregon, codification, contractual obligations, conflict regulation, the American choice-of-law Revolution, statutory legislation

References:
Lunts L.A. Kurs mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava: V 3-kh tomakh. M.: Spark, 2002.
Merezhko A.A. Nauka mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava: istoriya i sovremennost'. Kiev: «Takson», 2006.
Monastyrskiy E.Yu. Gospodstvuyushchie doktriny kollizionnogo prava v SShA: Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 1999.
Rubanov A.A. Teoreticheskie osnovy vzaimodeystviya natsional'nykh pravovykh sistem. M.: Nauka, 1984.
Get'man-Pavlova I.V., Akhrimenko M.A. Kollizionnye podkhody v sovremennom zakonodatel'stve, doktrine i sudebnoy praktike SShA // Voprosy pravovedeniya. 2014. ¹ 1. S. 340–420.
Kenagy David R. The Oregon Law Commission at Ten: Finding Vision for the Future in the Functions of the Past // 44 Willamette L. Rev. 169 (2007).
Symeonides Symeon C. Oregon’s Choice-of-Law Codification for Contract Conflicts: An Exegesis // 44 Willamette L. Rev. (2007). P. 205–288.
Nafziger James A.R. Oregon's Project to Codify Choice-of-Law Rules // Louisiana Law Review. 2000. Vol. 60. P. 1189–1225.
Symeonides Symeon C. The American Choice-of-Law Revolution: Past, Present and Future. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2006.
Symeonides Symeon C. Accommodative Unilateralism as a Starting Premise in Choice of Law / Balancing of Interests: Liber Amicorum Peter Hay (H. Rasmussen-Bonne, R. Freer, W. Lüke & W. Weitnauer., eds.). Verlag Recht und Wirtschaft GmbH, 2005. P. 417–434.
Boer T., de. Beyond Lex Loci Delicti: Conflicts Methodology and Multistate Torts in American Case Law. Deventer, 1987.
Juenger Fr. Choice of Law and Multistate Justice. Dordrecht; Boston; London, 1993.
Asoskov A.V. Osnovy kollizionnogo prava. M., 2012.
Baxter W.F. Choice of Law and the Federal System // Standford Law Review. 1963. Vol. 16.
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo: Uchebnik. M.: «Yurayt», 2011.
Symeonides Symeon C. Private International Law at the End of the 20th Century: Progress or Regress? Kluwer Law International, 2000.
Symeonides Symeon C. Issue-by-Issue Analysis and Dépeçage in Choice of Law: Cause and Effect // 45 The University of Toledo Law Review (2013).
Giuliano M., Lagarde P. Report on the Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations / North P. Contract conflicts. 355, 384 (1982).
Morris J.H.C. The Proper Law of Tort // 64 Harv. L. Rev. (1951). P. 881–945.
Nafziger James A.R. Oregon’s Conflicts Law Applicable to Contracts // 38 Willamette L. Rev. (2002).
Weintraub Russel J. Commentary on the Conflict of Laws. 355 (4th ed. 2001).
Symeonides Symeon C. Material Justice and Conflicts Justice in Choice of Law / International Conflict of Laws for the Third Millennium: Essays in Honor of Friedrich K. Juenger (P. Borchers & J. Zekoll, eds.), Transnational Publishers (2001). P. 125–140.
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Currie B. Selected Essays on the Conflict of Laws. N.C., 1963.
D.V. Morozov Publichnoe pravo i kollizionnoe regulirovanie
(sravnitel'no–pravovoy analiz zakonodatel'stva
o mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave) // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya / Journal of foreighn legislation and comparative law. - 2011. - 2. - C. 166 - 169.
Erpyleva N.Yu. Evolyutsiya kollizionnogo regulirovaniya v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave Rossii // Pravo i politika. - 2014. - 7. - C. 960 - 984. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.7.12330.
Dzhimbeeva D.V. Tendentsii kollizionnogo regulirovaniya obyazatel'stv
vsledstvie neosnovatel'nogo obogashcheniya // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya / Journal of foreighn legislation and comparative law. - 2014. - 3. - C. 573 - 579.
Kanashevskiy V.A. Sdelki po sliyaniyam i pogloshcheniyam (M&A)
v aspekte mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya / Journal of foreighn legislation and comparative law. - 2014. - 2. - C. 272 - 277.

References (transliteration):
Lunts L.A. Kurs mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava: V 3-kh tomakh. M.: Spark, 2002.
Merezhko A.A. Nauka mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava: istoriya i sovremennost'. Kiev: «Takson», 2006.
Monastyrskiy E.Yu. Gospodstvuyushchie doktriny kollizionnogo prava v SShA: Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 1999.
Rubanov A.A. Teoreticheskie osnovy vzaimodeystviya natsional'nykh pravovykh sistem. M.: Nauka, 1984.
Get'man-Pavlova I.V., Akhrimenko M.A. Kollizionnye podkhody v sovremennom zakonodatel'stve, doktrine i sudebnoy praktike SShA // Voprosy pravovedeniya. 2014. ¹ 1. S. 340–420.
Kenagy David R. The Oregon Law Commission at Ten: Finding Vision for the Future in the Functions of the Past // 44 Willamette L. Rev. 169 (2007).
Symeonides Symeon C. Oregon’s Choice-of-Law Codification for Contract Conflicts: An Exegesis // 44 Willamette L. Rev. (2007). P. 205–288.
Nafziger James A.R. Oregon's Project to Codify Choice-of-Law Rules // Louisiana Law Review. 2000. Vol. 60. P. 1189–1225.
Symeonides Symeon C. The American Choice-of-Law Revolution: Past, Present and Future. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2006.
Symeonides Symeon C. Accommodative Unilateralism as a Starting Premise in Choice of Law / Balancing of Interests: Liber Amicorum Peter Hay (H. Rasmussen-Bonne, R. Freer, W. Lüke & W. Weitnauer., eds.). Verlag Recht und Wirtschaft GmbH, 2005. P. 417–434.
Boer T., de. Beyond Lex Loci Delicti: Conflicts Methodology and Multistate Torts in American Case Law. Deventer, 1987.
Juenger Fr. Choice of Law and Multistate Justice. Dordrecht; Boston; London, 1993.
Asoskov A.V. Osnovy kollizionnogo prava. M., 2012.
Baxter W.F. Choice of Law and the Federal System // Standford Law Review. 1963. Vol. 16.
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo: Uchebnik. M.: «Yurayt», 2011.
Symeonides Symeon C. Private International Law at the End of the 20th Century: Progress or Regress? Kluwer Law International, 2000.
Symeonides Symeon C. Issue-by-Issue Analysis and Dépeçage in Choice of Law: Cause and Effect // 45 The University of Toledo Law Review (2013).
Giuliano M., Lagarde P. Report on the Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations / North P. Contract conflicts. 355, 384 (1982).
Morris J.H.C. The Proper Law of Tort // 64 Harv. L. Rev. (1951). P. 881–945.
Nafziger James A.R. Oregon’s Conflicts Law Applicable to Contracts // 38 Willamette L. Rev. (2002).
Weintraub Russel J. Commentary on the Conflict of Laws. 355 (4th ed. 2001).
Symeonides Symeon C. Material Justice and Conflicts Justice in Choice of Law / International Conflict of Laws for the Third Millennium: Essays in Honor of Friedrich K. Juenger (P. Borchers & J. Zekoll, eds.), Transnational Publishers (2001). P. 125–140.
Kegel G. Paternal Home and Dream Home: Traditional Conflict of Laws and the American Reformers // 27 Am. J. Comp. L. 615, 616–617 (1979).
Currie B. Selected Essays on the Conflict of Laws. N.C., 1963.
D.V. Morozov Publichnoe pravo i kollizionnoe regulirovanie
(sravnitel'no–pravovoy analiz zakonodatel'stva
o mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave) // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya / Journal of foreighn legislation and comparative law. - 2011. - 2. - C. 166 - 169.
Erpyleva N.Yu. Evolyutsiya kollizionnogo regulirovaniya v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave Rossii // Pravo i politika. - 2014. - 7. - C. 960 - 984. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.7.12330.
Dzhimbeeva D.V. Tendentsii kollizionnogo regulirovaniya obyazatel'stv
vsledstvie neosnovatel'nogo obogashcheniya // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya / Journal of foreighn legislation and comparative law. - 2014. - 3. - C. 573 - 579.
Kanashevskiy V.A. Sdelki po sliyaniyam i pogloshcheniyam (M&A)
v aspekte mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya / Journal of foreighn legislation and comparative law. - 2014. - 2. - C. 272 - 277.

Review: This article examines the functionality, institutional structure, work and main types of normative acts of CIMA. The author reviews the correlation between this organization and national insurance organizations of the African member-states, as wells as analyzes the impact of its work upon the legislation of the member-states. The author notes that this organization is a supranational regional organization, as it deeply integrates the legislation of the member-states with the supranational law developed by this organization. The article highlights the fact that the deep integrational processes that we can observe within the framework of this organization are limited only by a separate sphere of legislative cooperation between the member-states – the insurance industry.

Keywords: Inter-African Conference, insurance, unification of legislation, harmonization of legislation, integration, regionalisation, institutional structure, member states, integration processe, treaty

References:
Kurbanov R.A. Struktura energeticheskogo sektora i voprosy mezhdunarodno-pravovogo regulirovaniya energetiki Severoamerikanskikh gosudarstv // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. - 2013. - 4. - C. 201 - 228. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.4.11026. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_11026.html
Rogov I.I. Printsip verkhovenstva konstitutsii kak klyuchevoy
faktor razvitiya mezhgosudarstvennykh
integratsionnykh protsessov // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya / Journal of foreighn legislation and comparative law. - 2013. - 6. - C. 964 - 966.
Kurbanov R.A. Regional'naya integratsiya v Afrike: Mezhafrikanskaya konferentsiya sotsial'nogo strakhovaniya // Pravo i politika. - 2015. - 3. - C. 319 - 326. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2015.3.14673.
S. Michaïlof, La France et l'Afrique: vade-mecum pour un nouveau voyage, KARTHALA Editions, 1993-p. 413
Z. Yigbedek, L'interprétation des dispositions du Code CIMA sur contrat d'assurance, Presses Universitaires de Yaoundé, 2003
P. Diouf, Le fonds de garantie automobile sénégalais et l'indemnisation des préjudices corporels consécutifs aux accidents de la circulation, These, 2000 – 828
D. Ndoye, Code CIMA: l'assurance dans les pays membres de la CIMA : les textes annotés, Éditions juridiques africaines, 2007
Kurbanov R.A. Evraziyskoe pravo: voprosy kontseptual'nogo razvitiya // Pravo i politika. - 2014. - 12. - C. 1877 - 1887. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.12.14003.

References (transliteration):
Kurbanov R.A. Struktura energeticheskogo sektora i voprosy mezhdunarodno-pravovogo regulirovaniya energetiki Severoamerikanskikh gosudarstv // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. - 2013. - 4. - C. 201 - 228. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.4.11026. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_11026.html
Rogov I.I. Printsip verkhovenstva konstitutsii kak klyuchevoy
faktor razvitiya mezhgosudarstvennykh
integratsionnykh protsessov // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya / Journal of foreighn legislation and comparative law. - 2013. - 6. - C. 964 - 966.
Kurbanov R.A. Regional'naya integratsiya v Afrike: Mezhafrikanskaya konferentsiya sotsial'nogo strakhovaniya // Pravo i politika. - 2015. - 3. - C. 319 - 326. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2015.3.14673.
S. Michaïlof, La France et l'Afrique: vade-mecum pour un nouveau voyage, KARTHALA Editions, 1993-p. 413
Z. Yigbedek, L'interprétation des dispositions du Code CIMA sur contrat d'assurance, Presses Universitaires de Yaoundé, 2003
P. Diouf, Le fonds de garantie automobile sénégalais et l'indemnisation des préjudices corporels consécutifs aux accidents de la circulation, These, 2000 – 828
D. Ndoye, Code CIMA: l'assurance dans les pays membres de la CIMA : les textes annotés, Éditions juridiques africaines, 2007
Kurbanov R.A. Evraziyskoe pravo: voprosy kontseptual'nogo razvitiya // Pravo i politika. - 2014. - 12. - C. 1877 - 1887. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.12.14003.

Review: In this article standards of international law on health issues are analyzed.  The author presents the link between international standards and national legal systems. It is concluded that there are several levels of international human rights standards in the area of health and medical care, specifically the minimal standards (International Labor Organization Convention No. 102) and higher standards (for instance, the European Code of Social Security of 1968). Examples are given on the minimal measures undertaken in providing medical care, as well as expanded lists of medical services offered for the states that have the economic and organizational capabilities to provie them. The research is based on a systematic method, which allowed the author to analyze and identify the relations between the international laws governing the issues of medical and pharmaceutical assistance. As a result of the research on various types of international norms (e.g. acts of international organizations and intergovernmental organizations, and international agreements) the author reveals the correlation between medical and pharmaceutical assistance, whereas the appropriate supply of necessary medicines is an integral part of healthcare. It is emphasized that only if such provision is made on a free basis one can talk about the provision of pharmaceutical care on the social security basis.The author draws the conclusion that the closest international and legal cooperation in the sphere of healthcare regulation is developing within the Commonwealth of Independent States. The examples of international acts authorized by the Russian Federation are introduced, and its influence on the existing national and legal system is demonstrated. The analysis made allows the author to conclude that to date, the Russian Federation has authorized a rather small number of international acts on healthcare, and thus does not encourage the improvement of this system.

Keywords: standards, national systems, social security law, International cooperation, public healthcare, medication supply, medical care, medications, rare diseases, medication accessibility

References:
Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2010. ¹ 16. St. 1815.
Machul'skaya E.E. Pravo sotsial'nogo obespecheniya: uchebnik. M.: YuRAYT, 2011.
Dostup iz SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Tiunov O.I. Rol' mezhdunarodno-pravovykh standartov v regulirovanii vzaimodeystviya mezhdunarodnogo i natsional'nogo prava // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. 2012. N 12. S. 69 – 83 / Dostup iz SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 10 oktyabrya 2003 goda ¹ 5 «O primenenii sudami obshchey yurisdiktsii obshchepriznannykh printsipov i norm mezhdunarodnogo prava i mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Byulleten' Verkhovnogo Suda RF. 2003. ¹ 12.
Fedorova M.Yu. Meditsinskoe pravo: uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov. M.: Gumanit. izd. Tsentr VLADOS, 2003.
Mokhov A.A. Osnovy meditsinskogo prava v Rossiyskoy Federatsii : uchebnoe posobie dlya magistrov. M.: PROSPEKT, 2013.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 21 noyabrya 2011 g. ¹ 323-FZ «Ob osnovakh okhrany zdorov'ya grazhdan v Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // SZ RF. 2011. ¹ 48. St. 6724. (Dalee – Zakon ob osnovakh okhrany zdorov'ya grazhdan).

References (transliteration):
Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2010. ¹ 16. St. 1815.
Machul'skaya E.E. Pravo sotsial'nogo obespecheniya: uchebnik. M.: YuRAYT, 2011.
Dostup iz SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Tiunov O.I. Rol' mezhdunarodno-pravovykh standartov v regulirovanii vzaimodeystviya mezhdunarodnogo i natsional'nogo prava // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. 2012. N 12. S. 69 – 83 / Dostup iz SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 10 oktyabrya 2003 goda ¹ 5 «O primenenii sudami obshchey yurisdiktsii obshchepriznannykh printsipov i norm mezhdunarodnogo prava i mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Byulleten' Verkhovnogo Suda RF. 2003. ¹ 12.
Fedorova M.Yu. Meditsinskoe pravo: uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov. M.: Gumanit. izd. Tsentr VLADOS, 2003.
Mokhov A.A. Osnovy meditsinskogo prava v Rossiyskoy Federatsii : uchebnoe posobie dlya magistrov. M.: PROSPEKT, 2013.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 21 noyabrya 2011 g. ¹ 323-FZ «Ob osnovakh okhrany zdorov'ya grazhdan v Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // SZ RF. 2011. ¹ 48. St. 6724. (Dalee – Zakon ob osnovakh okhrany zdorov'ya grazhdan).

Review: The main goal of this research is to devise a definition and determine the qualifying criteria of the elements of international crimes that are a byproduct of international legal norms (international agreements) and the status of the International Criminal Court. The actual topic of “legal definition of the qualifying criteria of the elements of an international crime within international criminal law” gained theoretical and practical importance from the very moment that the International Criminal Court was established and began its functioning. The author comes to the conclusion that a party can be held responsible for committing an international crime under the international criminal law only with the existence of the qualifying criteria of the elements of international crime that corresponds with the requirements of the International Criminal Court and other international legal norms that regulate the responsibility for the committed international crime.

Keywords: International Criminal Court, international crime, international criminal law, qualifying criteria, complicity, private party, guilt, motive, criminal intent, causation

References:
Timeyko G.V. Obshchee uchenie ob ob'ektivnoy storone prestupleniya. Rostov-na-Donu, 1997.
Tunkin G.I. Teoriya mezhdunarodnogo prava. M., 1970. S. 431.
Traynin A. N. Pravovye problemy Nyurnbergskogo protsessa. Sov. gos. i pravo. M. 1947, ¹ 3. S. 15.
Tagantsev N.S. Russkoy ugolovnoe pravo. Chast' obshchaya. T.I. SPb., 1902. S. 601.
Sovremennoe mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe pravo. M., L., 1926. S. 35.
Smirnov L.N., Zaytsev E.B. Sud v Tokio. M., 1978. S.71-72.
Reshetov Yu.A. Bor'ba s mezhdunarodnymi prestupleniyami protiv mira i bezopasnosti. M., 1983. S. 28.
Rybakov Yu. M. Vooruzhennaya agressiya – tyagchayshee mezhdunarodnoe prestuplenie. M., 1980, S. 182.
Piontkovskiy A.A. Uchenie o prestuplenii po sovetskomu ugolovnomu pravu. S. 358.
Otvetstvennost' za voennye prestupleniya i prestupleniya protiv chelovechestva (Sbornik dokumentov). M.,1969. S. 42-43.
Nyurnbergskiy protsess//Sbornik materialov. M., 1955. T. II. S. 601-605.
Nyurnbergskiy protsess nad glavnymi nemetskimi voennymi prestupnikami. Sbornik dokumentov. T. VII.M., 1961. S. 516.
Naumov A.V. Predpriyatie na skam'e podsudimykh //SYu. 1992. ¹ 7. S.3.
Naumov A.V. Ugolovnyy zakon v usloviyakh perekhoda k rynochnoy ekonomike //SGP. 1991. ¹ 2. S. 35.
Mezhdunarodnoe ugolovnoe pravo. Ucheb. Posobie / Pod obshchey red. V. N. Kudryavtseva. M., 1999. S. 74.
Mezhdunarodnoe gumanitarnoe pravo v dokumentakh. M., 1996. S. 124.
Menzhinskiy V. I. Problema mezhdunarodnoy otvetstvennosti (V svete so-vetskoy kontseptsii mezhdunarodnogo prava). Avtoref. dis. na soiskanie uch. st. kand. yurid. nauk. M., 1951. S. 15.
Leykina N.S. Lichnost' prestupnika i ugolovnaya otvetstvennost'. L., 1968. S. 57.
Kovalev M.I. Problemy ucheniya ob ob'ektivnoy storone sostava prestupleniya. Krasnoyarsk, 1991.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Ob'ektivnaya storona prestupleniya. M., 1960.
Akopov K.L., Kaufman M.A. i dr. Ob'ektivnaya storona prestupleniya (fakul'tativnye priznaki). M., 1995.
Kuris P. M. Mezhdunarodnye pravonarusheniya i otvetstvennost' gosudarst¬va. Vil'nyus, 1973. S. 126-127.
Antonyan Yu.M., Borodin S.V. Prestupnost' i psikhicheskie anomalii. M., 1997 g.
Ugolovnoe pravo Rossii. Obshchaya chast' / Pod red. A.I. Raroga 3-e izd. M. Eksmo, 2009. S. 94-115.
Ugolovnyy zakon. Opyt teoreticheskogo modelirovaniya. M., 1999. S. 78-79.
Ustimenko V.V. Spetsial'nyy sub'ekt prestupleniya. Khar'kov, 1998.
Kalamkaryan R.A.. Mezhdunarodnyy sud kak glavnyy sudebnyy organ Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 210-232. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.2.7737.
Kostenko N.I.. Rol' Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy po resheniyu problem pravosudiya perekhodnogo perioda i gospodstva prava v konfliktnykh // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10012.
N. I. Kostenko. Organizatsiya Ob'edinennykh Natsiy na puti k novomu soglasiyu po voprosam mezhdunarodnoy bezopasnosti // Pravo i politika. – 2008. – ¹ 3.
D. E. Vidus. Otvetstvennost' gosudarstv za genotsid // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 2. – S. 92-102.
R.A. Kalamkaryan. Rol' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele podderzhaniya mezhdunarodnogo pravoporyadka // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 92-103. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.01.6.
N.I. Kostenko. Sub'ekty mezhdunarodnykh prestupleniy po mezhdunarodnomu ugolovnomu pravu. // Pravo i politika. – 2003. – ¹ 7.
D. E. Vidus. Vopros o gruppakh okhranyaemykh, konventsiey «O preduprezhdenii prestupleniya genotsida i nakazanii za nego» i identifikatsii zhertv genotsida // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 16-27.
N. I. Kostenko. Organizatsiya Ob'edinennykh Natsiy v razvitii mezhdunarodnoy ugolovnoy yustitsii // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107.
Kostenko N.I.. Pravovye mekhanizmy mezhdunarodnogo sotrudnichestva v pravookhranitel'noy sfere. // Pravo i politika. – 2005. – ¹ 8.
N.N. Kostenko. Organizatsiya Ob'edinennykh Natsiy na puti k novomu soglasiyu po voprosam mezhdunarodnoy bezopasnosti // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2010. – ¹ 1.
N. I. Kostenko. Rol' mezhdunarodnogo prava v bor'be s terrorizmom. // Pravo i politika. – 2006. – ¹ 8.
N.I. Kostenko. Rol' organizatsii ob'edinennykh natsiy v preduprezhdenii transnatsional'noy organizovannoy prestupnosti. // Pravo i politika. – 2003. – ¹ 9.
Proces des grands criminels de guerre devant le Tribunal militaire international. Texte officiel en langue frncaise, 42 volumes, Nuremberg, 1947-1949, t.I, p. 238.
Droit penal international, deuxion, Dalloz, 1979, p. 155.
The Law Reports of War Criminals, vol. II, p. 70.

References (transliteration):
Timeyko G.V. Obshchee uchenie ob ob'ektivnoy storone prestupleniya. Rostov-na-Donu, 1997.
Tunkin G.I. Teoriya mezhdunarodnogo prava. M., 1970. S. 431.
Traynin A. N. Pravovye problemy Nyurnbergskogo protsessa. Sov. gos. i pravo. M. 1947, ¹ 3. S. 15.
Tagantsev N.S. Russkoy ugolovnoe pravo. Chast' obshchaya. T.I. SPb., 1902. S. 601.
Sovremennoe mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe pravo. M., L., 1926. S. 35.
Smirnov L.N., Zaytsev E.B. Sud v Tokio. M., 1978. S.71-72.
Reshetov Yu.A. Bor'ba s mezhdunarodnymi prestupleniyami protiv mira i bezopasnosti. M., 1983. S. 28.
Rybakov Yu. M. Vooruzhennaya agressiya – tyagchayshee mezhdunarodnoe prestuplenie. M., 1980, S. 182.
Piontkovskiy A.A. Uchenie o prestuplenii po sovetskomu ugolovnomu pravu. S. 358.
Otvetstvennost' za voennye prestupleniya i prestupleniya protiv chelovechestva (Sbornik dokumentov). M.,1969. S. 42-43.
Nyurnbergskiy protsess//Sbornik materialov. M., 1955. T. II. S. 601-605.
Nyurnbergskiy protsess nad glavnymi nemetskimi voennymi prestupnikami. Sbornik dokumentov. T. VII.M., 1961. S. 516.
Naumov A.V. Predpriyatie na skam'e podsudimykh //SYu. 1992. ¹ 7. S.3.
Naumov A.V. Ugolovnyy zakon v usloviyakh perekhoda k rynochnoy ekonomike //SGP. 1991. ¹ 2. S. 35.
Mezhdunarodnoe ugolovnoe pravo. Ucheb. Posobie / Pod obshchey red. V. N. Kudryavtseva. M., 1999. S. 74.
Mezhdunarodnoe gumanitarnoe pravo v dokumentakh. M., 1996. S. 124.
Menzhinskiy V. I. Problema mezhdunarodnoy otvetstvennosti (V svete so-vetskoy kontseptsii mezhdunarodnogo prava). Avtoref. dis. na soiskanie uch. st. kand. yurid. nauk. M., 1951. S. 15.
Leykina N.S. Lichnost' prestupnika i ugolovnaya otvetstvennost'. L., 1968. S. 57.
Kovalev M.I. Problemy ucheniya ob ob'ektivnoy storone sostava prestupleniya. Krasnoyarsk, 1991.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Ob'ektivnaya storona prestupleniya. M., 1960.
Akopov K.L., Kaufman M.A. i dr. Ob'ektivnaya storona prestupleniya (fakul'tativnye priznaki). M., 1995.
Kuris P. M. Mezhdunarodnye pravonarusheniya i otvetstvennost' gosudarst¬va. Vil'nyus, 1973. S. 126-127.
Antonyan Yu.M., Borodin S.V. Prestupnost' i psikhicheskie anomalii. M., 1997 g.
Ugolovnoe pravo Rossii. Obshchaya chast' / Pod red. A.I. Raroga 3-e izd. M. Eksmo, 2009. S. 94-115.
Ugolovnyy zakon. Opyt teoreticheskogo modelirovaniya. M., 1999. S. 78-79.
Ustimenko V.V. Spetsial'nyy sub'ekt prestupleniya. Khar'kov, 1998.
Kalamkaryan R.A.. Mezhdunarodnyy sud kak glavnyy sudebnyy organ Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 210-232. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.2.7737.
Kostenko N.I.. Rol' Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy po resheniyu problem pravosudiya perekhodnogo perioda i gospodstva prava v konfliktnykh // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10012.
N. I. Kostenko. Organizatsiya Ob'edinennykh Natsiy na puti k novomu soglasiyu po voprosam mezhdunarodnoy bezopasnosti // Pravo i politika. – 2008. – ¹ 3.
D. E. Vidus. Otvetstvennost' gosudarstv za genotsid // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 2. – S. 92-102.
R.A. Kalamkaryan. Rol' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele podderzhaniya mezhdunarodnogo pravoporyadka // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 92-103. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.01.6.
N.I. Kostenko. Sub'ekty mezhdunarodnykh prestupleniy po mezhdunarodnomu ugolovnomu pravu. // Pravo i politika. – 2003. – ¹ 7.
D. E. Vidus. Vopros o gruppakh okhranyaemykh, konventsiey «O preduprezhdenii prestupleniya genotsida i nakazanii za nego» i identifikatsii zhertv genotsida // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 16-27.
N. I. Kostenko. Organizatsiya Ob'edinennykh Natsiy v razvitii mezhdunarodnoy ugolovnoy yustitsii // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107.
Kostenko N.I.. Pravovye mekhanizmy mezhdunarodnogo sotrudnichestva v pravookhranitel'noy sfere. // Pravo i politika. – 2005. – ¹ 8.
N.N. Kostenko. Organizatsiya Ob'edinennykh Natsiy na puti k novomu soglasiyu po voprosam mezhdunarodnoy bezopasnosti // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2010. – ¹ 1.
N. I. Kostenko. Rol' mezhdunarodnogo prava v bor'be s terrorizmom. // Pravo i politika. – 2006. – ¹ 8.
N.I. Kostenko. Rol' organizatsii ob'edinennykh natsiy v preduprezhdenii transnatsional'noy organizovannoy prestupnosti. // Pravo i politika. – 2003. – ¹ 9.
Proces des grands criminels de guerre devant le Tribunal militaire international. Texte officiel en langue frncaise, 42 volumes, Nuremberg, 1947-1949, t.I, p. 238.
Droit penal international, deuxion, Dalloz, 1979, p. 155.
The Law Reports of War Criminals, vol. II, p. 70.

Review: This article analyzes the Announcement of the U.S. Commerce Department’s National Telecommunications and Information Administration (from March 14, 2014) about the intentions of the USA Government to pass the governance of the implementation of the functions of the IANA to the ‘global multistakeholders; the outcome documents of the NETMundial Global Multistakeholder Meeting on the Future of Internet Governance (April 2014, São Paulo, Brazil), and also the Panel on Global Internet Cooperation and Governance Mechanisms (May 2014). In the author's opinion, the implementation of suggestions and measures, specified by the enumerated documents, can radically change the governance of the technological infrastructure of the Internet, and have a substantial influence on the internationalization of the transborder Internet governance. Now it is fundamentally important to discuss the ecosystem of Internet governance, the highlevel structure of which is outlined in the summary documents produced by the NET-Mundial 2014, where the principles of Internet governance and the roadmap of the future evolution of the ecosystem of Internet governance was formulated.

Keywords: Internet, International Assigned Numbers Authority, the functions of the IANA, Internet governance, multistakeholder participation, stakeholders, NET-Mundial, Panel, global Internet cooperation, Internet governance mechanisms.

References:
D.C. Non-Profit Corporation Act. D.C. Columbia Corp. Code, Title 29. URL: http://www.venable.com/files/Publication/1a3fb66e-357b-419e-829e-7ccb56e141d9/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/23140013-bb80-473b-a420-8aeeaf1f6170/combined_handouts_for_12-19_event.pdf(load date 09.08.2014)

References (transliteration):
D.C. Non-Profit Corporation Act. D.C. Columbia Corp. Code, Title 29. URL: http://www.venable.com/files/Publication/1a3fb66e-357b-419e-829e-7ccb56e141d9/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/23140013-bb80-473b-a420-8aeeaf1f6170/combined_handouts_for_12-19_event.pdf(load date 09.08.2014)

Review: The article is devoted to evaluation of interaction and interrelation of the principle of the right for development and the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples. The author analyzes the process of formation of the concept of right for development, and the international legal documents reflecting the evolution of this principle. Also the article singles out and describes characteristic features of contents of the right to self-determination and its key elements. The author also analyzes other specific features of these principles. The author holds a study based upon the analysis of the text of the UN Charter, UN General Assembly Resolution, reports of the Working Group on Right for Development and scientific research of the leading specialists in the sphere of international law. Currently the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples is one of the most topical principles of international law. However, contents of this principle are often regarded only in combination with the principle of territorial integrity. This article contains an attempt to evaluate the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples from a new angle of interaction with the principle of the right for development.

Keywords: Right for development, self-determination of peoples, principles of international law, human rights, collective rights, native peoples, economic development, social progress, rights of the peoples, states.

References:
Bobrov R.L. Sovremennoe mezhdunarodnoe pravo. L., 1962.
Babin B.V. Pravo na razvitie kak global'noe pravo: mezhdunarodnoe i natsional'nye izmereniya // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo.-2013.-2.-C. 67-84. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.2.5108. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_5108.html
Maslova S.V., Printsip prava na razvitie v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave.: diss... kand. yur. nauk : 12.00.10 – Mezhdunarodnoe pravo; evropeyskoe pravo. – Sankt-Peterburg, 2003.
Rezolyutsiya General'noy Assamblei 67/171 Pravo na razvitie ot 20 dekabrya 2012 g. [Elektronnyy resurs] // Ofitsial'nyy sayt OON. URL : http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N12/488/88/PDF/N1248888.pdf?OpenElement Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Deklaratsiya OON o pravakh korennykh narodov ot 13 sentyabrya 2007 g. [Elektronnyy resurs] // Ofitsial'nyy sayt OON. URL : http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/indigenous_rights.shtml Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Doklad o provedenii : Podgotovitel'noe zasedanie Afriki ko Vsemirnoy konferentsii po voprosam korennykh narodov, dekabr' 2012 g. . [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL : http://wcip2014.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Africa-Proceedings-Report-Nairobi-Nov2012_RUS.pdf Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Venskaya deklaratsiya i programma deystviy, prinyata v g. Vene 25.06.1993 na 2-oy Vsemirnoy konferentsii po pravam cheloveka [Tekst] // N'yu-York: Organizatsiya Ob'edinennykh Natsiy, 1995.-S. 21-60.
[Elektronnyy resurs] // Ofitsial'nyy sayt Upravleniya Verkhovnogo komissara po pravam cheloveka. URL : http://www.ohchr.org/RU/Issues/Development/Pages/HighLevelTaskForce.aspx Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
[Elektronnyy resurs] // Ofitsial'nyy sayt Upravleniya Verkhovnogo komissara po pravam cheloveka. URL : http://www.ohchr.org/RU/Issues/Development/Pages/WGRightToDevelopment.aspx Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Doklad Rabochey gruppy pravitel'stvennykh ekspertov po pravu na razvitie ot 11 fevralya 1982 g. [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL : http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G82/105/15/PDF/G8210515.pdf?OpenElement Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Deklaratsiya sotsial'nogo progressa i razvitiya, prinyata rezolyutsiey 2542 (XXIV) General'noy Assamblei ot 11 dekabrya 1969 g. [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL : http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/socdev.shtml Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Rezolyutsiya General'noy Assambleey OON 1161 (XII) ot 26 noyabrya 1957 g. [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL : http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NL5/700/38/IMG/NL570038.pdf?OpenElement Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Ustav Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy ot 26 iyunya 1945 g. [Tekst] // Sbornik deystvuyushchikh dogovorov, soglasheniy i konventsiy, zaklyuchennykh SSSR s inostrannymi gosudarstvami. – 1956. – Vyp. XII. – S. 14 – 47.
Deklaratsiya o prave na razvitie, prinyata 4 dekabrya 1986 g. na 97-m plenarnom zasedanii General'noy Assamblei OON Rezolyutsiey 41/128 [Tekst] // «Rezolyutsiya GA, prinyatye na 41 sessii. 21 oktyabrya-24 dekabrya 1986». OON. N'yu-York, 1987. – S. 15-17.
Deklaratsiya o printsipakh mezhdunarodnogo prava, kasayushchikhsya druzhestvennykh otnosheniy i sotrudnichestva mezhdu gosudarstvami v sootvetstvii s Ustavom Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy ot 24 oktyabrya 1970 g. [Tekst] // OON. Rezolyutsii General'noy Assamblei na XXV sessii. – N'yu-York, 1970. – S. 151 – 155.
Deklaratsiya tysyacheletiya Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy, prinyata rezolyutsiey 55/2 General'noy Assamblei ot 8 sentyabrya 2000 g. [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL : http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/summitdecl.shtml Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
M.B. Napso, M.D. Napso Prava narodov i prava individa: sotsial'no-filosofskie i pravovye aspekty sootnosheniya individual'nykh i kollektivnykh prav // Pravo i politika.-2012.-11.-C. 1907-1917.
E.B. Ganyushkina. Mezhdunarodno-pravovye aspekty spora mezhdu Velikobritaniey i Argentinoy o Folklendskikh (Mal'vinskikh) ostrovakh // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.01.1
Babin B.V.. Pravo na mir: v poiskakh mekhanizma realizatsii // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.2.8808
Babin B.V.. Pravo sobstvennosti narodov v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.9479
I.R. Sultanov. Vopros doveritel'nosti v otnosheniyakh sub'ektov v deyatel'nosti integratsionnykh organizatsiy // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 4. – S. 86-92.
Garipov R.Sh.. Ponyatie «korennoy narod» i ikh status v mezhdunarodnom i vnutrigosudarstvennom prave // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 408-420. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.5362.
Kalamkaryan R.A.. Rossiya v universal'nom mirovom pravovom prostranstve // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 394-407. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.7740.
R.A. Kalamkaryan. Rol' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele podderzhaniya mezhdunarodnogo pravoporyadka // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 92-103. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.01.6.
Kalamkaryan R.A. Rol' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele podderzhaniya mezhdunarodnogo pravoporyadka // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.184-214. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.690. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_690.html
Sazonova K.L. «Bol'shaya pyaterka» i mirotvorcheskaya deyatel'nost' Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy: politicheskie i pravovye vyzovy i ugrozy // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 2.-S.1-15. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.2.4769. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_4769.html
Babin B.V. Programmnoe regulirovanie v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave: teoreticheskie problemy i prakticheskiy opyt // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2012.-¹ 1.-S.36-75. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2012.1.373. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_373.html
Krivenkova M.V. Formy nematerial'noy otvetstvennosti mezhdunarodnykh organizatsiy // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2012.-¹ 1.-S.1-15. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2012.1.367. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_367.htm
Babin B.V. Predposylki priznaniya prava na samoosoznanie sovremennym mezhdunarodnym pravom // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 8. - C. 1 - 25. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.8.9327. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9327.html
G. V. Sintsov Mezhdunarodnoe programmnoe regulirovanie
kak fenomen sovremennosti // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2012. - 3. - C. 129 - 131.
Luzan V.S. Mekhanizmy vzaimodeystviya gosudarstva, biznesa s korennymi malochislennymi narodami Severa, Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka v usloviyakh global'nykh transformatsiy // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki. - 2014. - 3. - C. 50 - 66. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2014.3.11297. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_11297.html

References (transliteration):
Bobrov R.L. Sovremennoe mezhdunarodnoe pravo. L., 1962.
Babin B.V. Pravo na razvitie kak global'noe pravo: mezhdunarodnoe i natsional'nye izmereniya // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo.-2013.-2.-C. 67-84. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.2.5108. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_5108.html
Maslova S.V., Printsip prava na razvitie v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave.: diss... kand. yur. nauk : 12.00.10 – Mezhdunarodnoe pravo; evropeyskoe pravo. – Sankt-Peterburg, 2003.
Rezolyutsiya General'noy Assamblei 67/171 Pravo na razvitie ot 20 dekabrya 2012 g. [Elektronnyy resurs] // Ofitsial'nyy sayt OON. URL : http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N12/488/88/PDF/N1248888.pdf?OpenElement Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Deklaratsiya OON o pravakh korennykh narodov ot 13 sentyabrya 2007 g. [Elektronnyy resurs] // Ofitsial'nyy sayt OON. URL : http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/indigenous_rights.shtml Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Doklad o provedenii : Podgotovitel'noe zasedanie Afriki ko Vsemirnoy konferentsii po voprosam korennykh narodov, dekabr' 2012 g. . [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL : http://wcip2014.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Africa-Proceedings-Report-Nairobi-Nov2012_RUS.pdf Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Venskaya deklaratsiya i programma deystviy, prinyata v g. Vene 25.06.1993 na 2-oy Vsemirnoy konferentsii po pravam cheloveka [Tekst] // N'yu-York: Organizatsiya Ob'edinennykh Natsiy, 1995.-S. 21-60.
[Elektronnyy resurs] // Ofitsial'nyy sayt Upravleniya Verkhovnogo komissara po pravam cheloveka. URL : http://www.ohchr.org/RU/Issues/Development/Pages/HighLevelTaskForce.aspx Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
[Elektronnyy resurs] // Ofitsial'nyy sayt Upravleniya Verkhovnogo komissara po pravam cheloveka. URL : http://www.ohchr.org/RU/Issues/Development/Pages/WGRightToDevelopment.aspx Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Doklad Rabochey gruppy pravitel'stvennykh ekspertov po pravu na razvitie ot 11 fevralya 1982 g. [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL : http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G82/105/15/PDF/G8210515.pdf?OpenElement Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Deklaratsiya sotsial'nogo progressa i razvitiya, prinyata rezolyutsiey 2542 (XXIV) General'noy Assamblei ot 11 dekabrya 1969 g. [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL : http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/socdev.shtml Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Rezolyutsiya General'noy Assambleey OON 1161 (XII) ot 26 noyabrya 1957 g. [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL : http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NL5/700/38/IMG/NL570038.pdf?OpenElement Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
Ustav Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy ot 26 iyunya 1945 g. [Tekst] // Sbornik deystvuyushchikh dogovorov, soglasheniy i konventsiy, zaklyuchennykh SSSR s inostrannymi gosudarstvami. – 1956. – Vyp. XII. – S. 14 – 47.
Deklaratsiya o prave na razvitie, prinyata 4 dekabrya 1986 g. na 97-m plenarnom zasedanii General'noy Assamblei OON Rezolyutsiey 41/128 [Tekst] // «Rezolyutsiya GA, prinyatye na 41 sessii. 21 oktyabrya-24 dekabrya 1986». OON. N'yu-York, 1987. – S. 15-17.
Deklaratsiya o printsipakh mezhdunarodnogo prava, kasayushchikhsya druzhestvennykh otnosheniy i sotrudnichestva mezhdu gosudarstvami v sootvetstvii s Ustavom Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy ot 24 oktyabrya 1970 g. [Tekst] // OON. Rezolyutsii General'noy Assamblei na XXV sessii. – N'yu-York, 1970. – S. 151 – 155.
Deklaratsiya tysyacheletiya Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy, prinyata rezolyutsiey 55/2 General'noy Assamblei ot 8 sentyabrya 2000 g. [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL : http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/summitdecl.shtml Data obrashcheniya: 01.08.2014 g.
M.B. Napso, M.D. Napso Prava narodov i prava individa: sotsial'no-filosofskie i pravovye aspekty sootnosheniya individual'nykh i kollektivnykh prav // Pravo i politika.-2012.-11.-C. 1907-1917.
E.B. Ganyushkina. Mezhdunarodno-pravovye aspekty spora mezhdu Velikobritaniey i Argentinoy o Folklendskikh (Mal'vinskikh) ostrovakh // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.01.1
Babin B.V.. Pravo na mir: v poiskakh mekhanizma realizatsii // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.2.8808
Babin B.V.. Pravo sobstvennosti narodov v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.9479
I.R. Sultanov. Vopros doveritel'nosti v otnosheniyakh sub'ektov v deyatel'nosti integratsionnykh organizatsiy // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 4. – S. 86-92.
Garipov R.Sh.. Ponyatie «korennoy narod» i ikh status v mezhdunarodnom i vnutrigosudarstvennom prave // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 408-420. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.5362.
Kalamkaryan R.A.. Rossiya v universal'nom mirovom pravovom prostranstve // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 394-407. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.7740.
R.A. Kalamkaryan. Rol' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele podderzhaniya mezhdunarodnogo pravoporyadka // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 92-103. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.01.6.
Kalamkaryan R.A. Rol' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele podderzhaniya mezhdunarodnogo pravoporyadka // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.184-214. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.690. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_690.html
Sazonova K.L. «Bol'shaya pyaterka» i mirotvorcheskaya deyatel'nost' Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy: politicheskie i pravovye vyzovy i ugrozy // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 2.-S.1-15. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.2.4769. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_4769.html
Babin B.V. Programmnoe regulirovanie v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave: teoreticheskie problemy i prakticheskiy opyt // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2012.-¹ 1.-S.36-75. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2012.1.373. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_373.html
Krivenkova M.V. Formy nematerial'noy otvetstvennosti mezhdunarodnykh organizatsiy // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2012.-¹ 1.-S.1-15. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2012.1.367. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_367.htm
Babin B.V. Predposylki priznaniya prava na samoosoznanie sovremennym mezhdunarodnym pravom // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 8. - C. 1 - 25. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.8.9327. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9327.html
G. V. Sintsov Mezhdunarodnoe programmnoe regulirovanie
kak fenomen sovremennosti // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2012. - 3. - C. 129 - 131.
Luzan V.S. Mekhanizmy vzaimodeystviya gosudarstva, biznesa s korennymi malochislennymi narodami Severa, Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka v usloviyakh global'nykh transformatsiy // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki. - 2014. - 3. - C. 50 - 66. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2014.3.11297. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_11297.html

Review: This article is devoted to the evaluation of the modern tendencies in the sphere of legal regulation of international automobile carriage of goods, passengers and luggage within the context of branches in the structure of international transportation law. The latter being a branch of international private law is a complex of legal norms, which are contained in the national legislation, international treaties and customs regulating the obligations regarding carriage of goods, passengers and luggage in the international transportation. The specific feature of carriage of goods, passengers and luggage in the international transportation is the large amount of material legal norms of international character in comparison with the conflict of laws norms, as well as the presence of a wide range of norms of domestic legislation, which are specially formulated for the said purpose. In this article with the help of comparative legal method of studies the authors provide detailed evaluation of the most important sources of international law regarding automobile transportation of goods, passengers and luggage in trans-border communications, including the UNECE Geneva Convention of 1956 on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR) and the UNECE Geneva Convention of 1973 on the Contract for the International Carriage of Passengers and Luggage by Road (CVR). The authors consecutively view international norms regulating the legal status of subjects of contracts for carriage by road, the main obligations of the parties to such a contract, responsibility of carrier for non-performance or undue performance of contractual obligations, complaint procedure for dispute settlement, period of limitation, and procedure for the dispute resolution on contracts for the automobile carriage of goods, passengers and luggage. For the first time this article provides a detailed study of the Yalta Treaty of the CIS of 2003 on the interaction among the CIS Member States in the sphere of international carriage of goods by car and the Saratov Treaty of CIS of 1999 on obligatory insurance of passengers in the international carriage by road. Both treaties are regional and they are key factors for the legal regulation of international automobile carriage in the sphere of CIS.

Keywords: International automobile transportation, carrier, sender of goods, receiver of goods, goods, passengers, luggage, carriage fee, carriage contract, international transportation law.

References:
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Kokin A.S., Levikov G.A. Transportno-ekspeditorskie uslugi pri mezhdunarodnoy perevozke gruzov. M., 2011.
Kosovskaya V.A. Kontrakt morskoy perevozki gruza v sisteme obyazatel'stvennykh otnosheniy v ramkakh mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava // Zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava. 2012. ¹ 4.
Kasatkina A.S. Pravovye osnovy regulirovaniya mezhdunarodnykh passazhirskikh perevozok // Pravo i politika. 2012. ¹ 3.
Kokin A.S. Mezhdunarodnaya morskaya perevozka gruza: pravo i praktika. M., 2012.
Kasatkina A.S. Kollizionnoe i material'noe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh passazhirskikh perevozok // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii. 2012. ¹ 4.
Dobrovinskaya A.V. Ubytki v mezhdunarodnykh transportnykh konventsiyakh // Transportnoe pravo. 2012. ¹ 3.
Kasatkina A.S. Pravovoe ponyatie i klassifikatsiya mezhdunarodnykh passazhirskikh perevozok // Advokat. 2011. ¹ 3.
Voznesenskaya N.N. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo i sravnitel'noe pravovedenie // Vestnik Gosudarstvennoy registratsionnoy palaty pri Ministerstve yustitsii RF. 2012. ¹ 6.
Grechukha V.N. Mezhdunarodnoe transportnoe pravo: Uchebnik. M., 2013.
V.N. Borisov Istochniki pravovogo regulirovaniya v Rossii dogovora mezhdunarodnoy avtomobil'noy perevozki gruzov // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya.-2011.-2.-C. 149-154.
Kasatkina A.S.. Sovmestnye predpriyatiya v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.9034
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnoe grazhdansko-protsessual'noe pravo: ponyatie, predmet i sistema // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.16-160. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.4.10362. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_10362.html
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnyy kommercheskiy arbitrazh: pravovye osnovy funktsionirovaniya // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.1-74. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.545. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_545.html
Erpyleva N.Yu., Maksimov D.M.. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh kombinirovannykh perevozok gruzov, passazhirov i bagazha // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10356
Erpyleva N.Yu., Klevchenkova M.N.. Unifikatsiya norm o mezhdunarodnoy sudebnoy yurisdiktsii v mezhdunarodnom protsessual'nom prave // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.8984
N.Yu. Erpyleva, U.E. Batler. Proizvodstvo po delam s uchastiem inostrannykh lits v mezhdunarodnom protsessual'nom prave Rossii i Ukrainy: sovremennoe pravovoe regulirovanie // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.01.3
N.Yu. Erpyleva, D.M. Maksimov. Pravovoy status mezhpravitel'stvennoy organizatsii po mezhdunarodnym zheleznodorozhnym perevozkam // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107.
N. Yu. Erpyleva, D. M. Maksimov. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh zheleznodorozhnykh perevozok // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107

References (transliteration):
Erpyleva N.Yu., Maksimov D.M. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh kombinirovannykh perevozok gruzov, passazhirov i bagazha // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations.-2013.-4.-C. 498-524. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10356.
Borisov V.N. Dogovor mezhdunarodnoy avtomobil'noy perevozki gruzov: transportnaya nakladnaya TsMR // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya.-2012.-2.-C. 128-134.
Erpyleva N.Yu., Maksimov D.M. Unifikatsiya pravovogo regulirovaniya mezhdunarodnykh rechnykh perevozok gruzov, passazhirov i bagazha // Pravo i politika.-2013.-10.-C. 1319-1331. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.10.9193.
N. Yu. Erpyleva, D. M. Maksimov Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh zheleznodorozhnykh perevozok // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations.-2012.-3.-C. 28-55.
Kholopov K.V. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe transportnoe pravo: Analiz norm mezhdunarodnogo i rossiyskogo transportnogo prava. M., 2010.
Stepin A.B. Kriterii i usloviya realizatsii mezhdunarodnykh sredstv zashchity chastnogo prava // Sovremennoe pravo. 2011. ¹ 12.
Stepin A.B. Ponyatie i sushchnost' mezhdunarodnykh standartov zashchity chastnogo prava // Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe i chastnoe pravo. 2012. ¹ 1.
Rotko S.V. Konosament v rossiyskom i zarubezhnom zakonodatel'stve // Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe i chastnoe pravo. 2011. ¹ 1.
Pavlova Yu.I. Osobennosti kollizionnogo regulirovaniya truboprovodnoy transportirovki // Pravo i politika. 2013. ¹ 3.
Oskorbina O.V. Osobennosti pravovogo regulirovaniya mezhdunarodnoy perevozki opasnykh gruzov zheleznodorozhnym transportom // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. 2012. ¹ 1.
Kokin A.S., Levikov G.A. Transportno-ekspeditorskie uslugi pri mezhdunarodnoy perevozke gruzov. M., 2011.
Kosovskaya V.A. Kontrakt morskoy perevozki gruza v sisteme obyazatel'stvennykh otnosheniy v ramkakh mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava // Zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava. 2012. ¹ 4.
Kasatkina A.S. Pravovye osnovy regulirovaniya mezhdunarodnykh passazhirskikh perevozok // Pravo i politika. 2012. ¹ 3.
Kokin A.S. Mezhdunarodnaya morskaya perevozka gruza: pravo i praktika. M., 2012.
Kasatkina A.S. Kollizionnoe i material'noe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh passazhirskikh perevozok // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii. 2012. ¹ 4.
Dobrovinskaya A.V. Ubytki v mezhdunarodnykh transportnykh konventsiyakh // Transportnoe pravo. 2012. ¹ 3.
Kasatkina A.S. Pravovoe ponyatie i klassifikatsiya mezhdunarodnykh passazhirskikh perevozok // Advokat. 2011. ¹ 3.
Voznesenskaya N.N. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo i sravnitel'noe pravovedenie // Vestnik Gosudarstvennoy registratsionnoy palaty pri Ministerstve yustitsii RF. 2012. ¹ 6.
Grechukha V.N. Mezhdunarodnoe transportnoe pravo: Uchebnik. M., 2013.
V.N. Borisov Istochniki pravovogo regulirovaniya v Rossii dogovora mezhdunarodnoy avtomobil'noy perevozki gruzov // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya.-2011.-2.-C. 149-154.
Kasatkina A.S.. Sovmestnye predpriyatiya v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.9034
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnoe grazhdansko-protsessual'noe pravo: ponyatie, predmet i sistema // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.16-160. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.4.10362. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_10362.html
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnyy kommercheskiy arbitrazh: pravovye osnovy funktsionirovaniya // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.1-74. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.545. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_545.html
Erpyleva N.Yu., Maksimov D.M.. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh kombinirovannykh perevozok gruzov, passazhirov i bagazha // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10356
Erpyleva N.Yu., Klevchenkova M.N.. Unifikatsiya norm o mezhdunarodnoy sudebnoy yurisdiktsii v mezhdunarodnom protsessual'nom prave // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.8984
N.Yu. Erpyleva, U.E. Batler. Proizvodstvo po delam s uchastiem inostrannykh lits v mezhdunarodnom protsessual'nom prave Rossii i Ukrainy: sovremennoe pravovoe regulirovanie // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.01.3
N.Yu. Erpyleva, D.M. Maksimov. Pravovoy status mezhpravitel'stvennoy organizatsii po mezhdunarodnym zheleznodorozhnym perevozkam // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107.
N. Yu. Erpyleva, D. M. Maksimov. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh zheleznodorozhnykh perevozok // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107

Review: In late years both in Russian and foreign international law science faces the spread of approaches, which are used in political studies of international relations. This work analyzes the genesis of this interrelation starting from late 1980s. The author discusses the main causes of interdisciplinary synthesis, including growing role of the “soft law” and spread of conflict resolution mechanisms base upon the internal law of the main international economic organizations (WTO, IMF, World Bank Group) and integration groups (the EU, the NAFTA, the EurAsEC, etc.). The article contains an overview of the main directions of borrowing, including diagnosing the main international problems, their structuring and searching for the international legal mechanisms for their solution, analysis of structure and functions of organization design of the existing international regimes and institutions, as well as international law as a whole. On each of these directions the author provides the key studies. The conclusion is made that spread of instruments of political science in the international law facilitates its enrichment, formation of the fruitful interdisciplinary synthesis, allowing for the multifaceted analysis of international reality.

Keywords: Jurisprudence, international law, international relations, interdisciplinary approach, methods of legal studies, synthesis of international law and international relations, soft law, international organizations, international regimes, global administration.

Contact information: Degterev, Denis Andreevich, 119454, Russia, Moskva, prospect Vernadskogo, 76.

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References (transliteration):
1. Degterev D.A. Teoretiko-igrovoy analiz rezhimov okazaniya sodeystviya mezhdunarodnomu razvitiyu // Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta, 2011. – No5. – S. 59-66.
2. Degterev D.A. Ekonomicheskaya diplomatiya: ekonomika, politika, pravo. – M.: MGIMO, Na- vona, 2010.
3. Kolosov Yu.M. Rol' mezhdunarodnogo prava v nashey zhizni (k vykhodu v svet broshyury G.I. Mo- rozova «Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya (problemy vzaimosvyazi)») // Moskov- skiy zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava. – 1997, No 2. – S. 164-166.
4. Kulagin V.M. Politiko-pravovoe izmerenie mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy i mirovoy politi- ki. Glava 7 / Sovremennye mezhdunarodnye ot- nosheniya i mirovaya politika: Uchebnik/ Otv. red. A.V.Torkunov. – M.: Prosveshchenie: MGIMO, 2004. – S.164-189.
5. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo: uchebnik / Otv. red. A.N.Vylegzhanin. – M.: Vysshee obrazovanie, Yurayt-Izdat, 2009.
6. Morozov G.I. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdu- narodnye otnosheniya. Problemy vzaimosvyazi / Predisl.: Bykova O.N.; Red.: Zaytseva O.G. – M., 1997. – 70 c.
7. Tsygankov P.A. Teoriya mezhdunarodnykh otno- sheniy: uchebnik. – 2-e izd., ispr. i dop. – M.: Gardariki, 2007.
8. Aaken A. To Do Away with International Law? Some Limits to ‘The Limits of International Law’ // European Journal of International Law, 2006. – 17 (1): 289-308.
9. Abbott F. Commentary: The International Intellectual Property Order Enters the Twenty-First Century. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 1996. 29: 471-479.
10. Abbott F. Modern International Relations Theory: A Prospectus for International Lawyers. Yale Journal of International Law, 1989. 14: 335-411.
11. Abbott F. The WTO TRIPs Agreement and Global Economic Development. Chicago-Kent Law Review, 1996. 72: 385-405.
12. Abbott K. «Trust But Verify»: The Production of Information in Arms Control Treaties and Other International Agreements // Cornell International Law Journal, 1993. – 26: 1-58.
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Review: The article concerns doctrinal and legal points of view on the concept of international legal responsibility in the international criminal law. The main goal of this study is to develop the definitions of international legal responsibility in the international criminal law taking into consideration formation of the International Criminal Court on July 17, 1998. The author provides a study of development stages of the international legal responsibility in international criminal law, stating its current formation as a whole and complete legal system. The author analyzes principles and international treaties on responsibility for international crimes and crimes against humanity. The author analyzes the measures of responsibility of international law subjects for international unlawful acts. The methodological basis for the studies is formed with the dialectic cognition method, it also involves application of principles of development, sustainability, and systemic character. The article involved general and specific legal methods: comparative, systemic structural, theoretic – methodological, etc. It also should be stated that while there were studies of these issues both in Russian science and abroad, there were no sufficiently in-depth studies. At the same time the problems of responsibility in international criminal law became important in both its theoretical and practical dimensions from the moment, when the International Criminal Court was founded. The author draws a conclusion that responsibility in international criminal law for the committed international offences takes place in strict compliance with the norms of international law, which establish responsibility for the various international crimes, and types and amounts of punishments are provided for in the Statute of the International Criminal Court and national criminal codes.

Keywords: Legal principles, general principles, legal responsibility, crimes, process, international crimes, norms, legal relations, unlawful, punishments.

Contact information: Kostenko, Nikolay Ivanovich, 350040, Russia, Krasnodar, ul. Stavropolskaya, 149.

References:
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References (transliteration):
Ursul A.D. Global'noe izmerenie prava // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2012.-¹ 5.-S.90-146. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2012.5.337. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_337.html
Sazonova K.L. «Bol'shaya pyaterka» i mirotvorcheskaya deyatel'nost' Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy: politicheskie i pravovye vyzovy i ugrozy // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 2.-S.1-15. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.2.4769. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_4769.html
Sazonova K.L. Mezhdunarodno-pravovaya otvetstvennost' mezhdunarodnykh organizatsiy: problemy i perspektivy // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2012.-¹ 1.-S.16-25. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2012.1.371. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_371.html
Babin B.V. Pravo sobstvennosti narodov: mezhdunarodnoe i natsional'noe izmereniya // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 10.-S.12-34. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.10.9469. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9469.html
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnoe grazhdansko-protsessual'noe pravo: ponyatie, predmet i sistema // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.16-160. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.4.10362. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_10362.html
Babin B.V. Pravo na razvitie kak global'noe pravo: mezhdunarodnoe i natsional'nye izmereniya // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 2.-S.67-84. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.2.5108. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_5108.html
Ushakov N.A. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. M. Yurist', 2000. S. 123-146.
Tunkin G.I. Teoriya mezhdunarodnogo prava. M. 2006. Izd-vo «Zertsalo»
Levin D.B. Otvetstvennost' gosudarstv v mezhdunarodnom prave. M. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. 1966.
Karpets I.I. Prestuplenie mezhdunarodnogo kharaktera. M., 1979. S. 13.
Vasilenko V.A. Otvetstvennost' gosudarstva za mezhdunarodnye pravonarusheniya. Kiev, 1976. S. 179.
Grigor'eva O.G. Razrabotka sposobov vneshnikh snosheniy Sovetskogo Soyuza po voprosam okazaniya mezhdunarodnoy pravovoy pomoshchi po grazhdanskim delam // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.171-204. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2013.1.342. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/pr/article_342.html
Babin B.V. Programmnoe regulirovanie v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave: teoreticheskie problemy i prakticheskiy opyt // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2012.-¹ 1.-S.36-75. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2012.1.373. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_373.html
Pavlov P.V. Osobyy administrativno-pravovoy rezhim na territorii ofshornykh zon: poryadok primeneniya i napravleniya sovershenstvovaniya // NB: Ekonomika, trendy i upravlenie. — 2012.-¹ 1.-S.6-130. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4595.2012.1.424. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/etc/article_424.html
Volkov A.D.. Yuridicheskaya priroda gosudarstvennogo suvereniteta (ot absolyutnoy monarkhii do idey federalizma) // Pravo i politika. – 2014. – ¹ 6. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.6.12121
Grigor'eva O.G. Mezhdunarodnaya pravovaya pomoshch' v sisteme mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy SSSR // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. — 2012.-¹ 1.-S.92-129. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2012.1.256. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wi/article_256.htm

Review: The contents and topicality of this article are defined with the growing interest to the issue of the place of underwater cultural heritage within the concept of the world cultural and natural heritage. The object of studies involves the terms of “cultural heritage”, “natural heritage”, “underwater cultural heritage” as provided for by the UNESCO Conventions concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972 and on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage of 2001. The author finds out that these categories have certain defining criteria, such as importance, origin and authenticity. As a basic method the author applies comparative legal method. For the first time the author provides comparative analysis of the categories “underwater cultural heritage” and “world cultural and natural heritage” based upon a number of defining criteria: archaeological and historical value (importance), degree of value (importance), localization, origin, integrity and authenticity of an object and the temporal criterion. The scientific novelty of the study is due to revealing the common components in the said legal categories. The conclusion is made that the underwater cultural heritage is a part of world cultural heritage of a humanity in spite of its specificities due to localization of objects. It is manifested by a range of common defining criteria for the legal categories of “underwater cultural heritage” and “world cultural and natural heritage”, such as value, origin and authenticity of objects. The author draws an analogy between the role of the world cultural heritage in the development of human civilization and the universal value of underwater cultural heritage, which is manifested in cultural, scientific, technical, economic, eco-biological, social, and geopolitical aspects. Based upon the research the author formulates a conclusion on the need to develop criteria for the cultural, historical and archaeological importance for the objects of underwater cultural heritage in order to improve their protection. The results of studies may be used when developing the cultural criteria for the objects of underwater cultural heritage.

Keywords: Legal protection, underwater cultural heritage, natural monuments, concept, world heritage, authenticity, archaeology, preservation, universal value, UNESCO.

Contact information: Anisimov, Igor Olegovich, 119017, Russia, Moskva, ul. Malaya Ordynka, 17.

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geografii kak uchebnoy distsipliny.
Uchebnaya literatura po istoricheskoy
geografii // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2013. - 2. - C. 137 - 147. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2013.02.2.

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Ivanov A.A.. Mariyskoe kraevedenie v 1920–1930-e gody: na puti k sokhraneniyu regional'nogo istoriko-dokumental'nogo naslediya // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. – 2013. – ¹ 6. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2013.6.10587
Makovetskiy E.A.. K voprosu o perspektivakh kontseptsii kul'turnogo naslediya // Filosofiya i kul'tura. – 2013. – ¹ 12. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.12.3978
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N. G. Abramova, O. S. Petrova Formirovanie istoricheskoy
geografii kak uchebnoy distsipliny.
Uchebnaya literatura po istoricheskoy
geografii // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2013. - 2. - C. 137 - 147. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2013.02.2.

Review: The article concerns key directions for the harmonization of international commercial law. The material legal norms regulating economic and commercial relations are more influenced by the unification processes, than the parts of private law dealing with non-commercial activities (personality, real law, inheritance relations). The focus of study is set upon the special value of the principles of freedom of contract, good faith and the institutions of autonomy of will and conflict of laws attachment for the unification of the international commercial law. The author of the article achieves the conclusion on the special role of the principles of institutions, which he has studied, and which are provided for in most of the model documents (the UNIDROIT principles, etc.). The model documents accumulate the key ideas in the modern legal studies, having influence upon the formation of the binding norms and they are often in contradiction with the traditional legal doctrines, such as the “cause of the deal” and “reciprocative performance”. The article includes the study of differentiation of legal sciences, which are centered upon the international private law based upon branches of law (international investment law, maritime law, energy law, international corporate law, etc.). The article contains conclusion that the objects of these sciences are intertwined, and there is a greater level of harmonization in complex legal branches. The author then makes a conclusion that the cause for the greater harmonization in these complex legal branches is greater economic and technological need for it.

Keywords: Conflict of laws attachments, good faith, autonomy of will, international commercial law, international private law, harmonization, unification, UNIDROIT principles, freedom of contact principles, unification processes.

Contact information: Nikitin, Vladimir Valerievich, 115114, Russia, Moskva, ul. Kozhevnicheskaya, dom 1.

References:
Jean-Claude Piris, “La codification et droit communautair” // Le Rayonment du droit codifie. Journees d’etude a l’ocassion du bicenternair du Code Civil, Paris, 2004
Commentary on the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts. Ed by S. Vogenauer and J. Klenheisterkamp, Oxford Unvercity Press, 2009
Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts-Official Journal L 095 , 21/04/1993 P. 0029 – 0034
T. M. Yablochkov. Trudy po mezhdunarodnomu chastnomu pravu, M.: Statut, 2009
R. David, K. Zhoffre-Spinozi. Osnovnye pravovye sistemy sovremennosti. M., “Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya”, 2009
Problemy unifikatsii mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava: Monografiya (otv. red. A. L. Makovskiy i I. O. Khlestova), IZiSP, “Yurisprudentsiya”, 2012
Printsipy mezhdunarodnykh kommercheskikh dogovorov UNIDRUA 2010 / Per. s angl. A. S. Komarova.-Statut, 2013
N. G. Vilkova. Dogovornoe pravo v mezhdunarodnom oborote. M., “Statut”, 2002
Model'nye pravila evropeyskogo chastnogo prava / Per. s angl.; Nauch. red. N. Yu. Rasskazova.-M.: Statut, 2013
M. F. Luk'yanenko. Otsenochnye ponyatiya grazhdanskogo prava: razum-nost', dobrosovestnost', sushchestvennost'. M., Statut, 2010
M. Boguslavskiy. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo. M.: Norma: Infra-M, 2010
I. B. Novitskiy. Rimskoe pravo. Assotsiatsiya “Gumanitarnoe znanie”, M. 1993
Karsakova, N. A. Teoriya Lex mercatoria v yuridicheskoy doktrine i praktike :Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk. Spetsial'nost' 12.00.03; Nauch . ruk. I. S. Zykin.-M.,2006.
V. N. Zakhvataev. Kodeks Napoleona. Moskva-Berlin, Infotropik Media 2012
G. K. Dmitrieva. Unifikatsiya ili garmonizatsiya prava: novye formy // Unifikatsiya mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava v sovremennom mire. Sb. statey. Pod red. I. O. Khlestovoy, M. IZISP, 2014, s. 14-17.
A. G. Karapetov, A. I. Savel'ev. Svoboda dogovora i ee predely. M., Statut, 2012
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnoe grazhdansko-protsessual'noe pravo: ponyatie, predmet i sistema // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.16-160. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.4.10362. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_10362.html
Erpyleva N.Yu.. Mezhdunarodnoe chekovoe pravo i rossiyskoe zakonodatel'stvo: osnovnye kategorii i mekhanizmy regulirovaniya chekovykh otnosheniy // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2014. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2014.1.11578
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnyy kommercheskiy arbitrazh: pravovye osnovy funktsionirovaniya // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.1-74. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.545. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_545.html
Erpyleva N.Yu., Klevchenkova M.N.. Unifikatsiya norm o mezhdunarodnoy sudebnoy yurisdiktsii v mezhdunarodnom protsessual'nom prave // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.8984
N. Yu. Erpyleva, I. V. Get'man-Pavlova. Kodifikatsiya mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava v Respublike Gruziya // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107.
N. Yu. Erpyleva, M. N. Klevchenkova. Statut yuridicheskikh lits v prave Evropeyskogo Soyuza. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107.
Ganyushkina E.B.. Vliyanie globalizatsii na formirovanie mezhdunarodnogo ekonomicheskogo prava // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10502
E. B. Ganyushkina. Formirovanie mezhdunarodnogo ekonomicheskogo poryadka // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107
A. I. Nekrasov Printsipy pravovogo regulirovaniya politiki
Evropeyskogo Soyuzav oblasti finansovykh uslug // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2011. - 3. - C. 69 - 87.
Ershova I.V. Gosudarstvennoe regulirovanie tsen v usloviyakh ekonomicheskoy integratsii // Finansovoe pravo i upravlenie. - 2014. - 1. - C. 110 - 119. DOI: 10.7256/2310-0508.2014.1.10019.

References (transliteration):
Jean-Claude Piris, “La codification et droit communautair” // Le Rayonment du droit codifie. Journees d’etude a l’ocassion du bicenternair du Code Civil, Paris, 2004
Commentary on the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts. Ed by S. Vogenauer and J. Klenheisterkamp, Oxford Unvercity Press, 2009
Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts-Official Journal L 095 , 21/04/1993 P. 0029 – 0034
T. M. Yablochkov. Trudy po mezhdunarodnomu chastnomu pravu, M.: Statut, 2009
R. David, K. Zhoffre-Spinozi. Osnovnye pravovye sistemy sovremennosti. M., “Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya”, 2009
Problemy unifikatsii mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava: Monografiya (otv. red. A. L. Makovskiy i I. O. Khlestova), IZiSP, “Yurisprudentsiya”, 2012
Printsipy mezhdunarodnykh kommercheskikh dogovorov UNIDRUA 2010 / Per. s angl. A. S. Komarova.-Statut, 2013
N. G. Vilkova. Dogovornoe pravo v mezhdunarodnom oborote. M., “Statut”, 2002
Model'nye pravila evropeyskogo chastnogo prava / Per. s angl.; Nauch. red. N. Yu. Rasskazova.-M.: Statut, 2013
M. F. Luk'yanenko. Otsenochnye ponyatiya grazhdanskogo prava: razum-nost', dobrosovestnost', sushchestvennost'. M., Statut, 2010
M. Boguslavskiy. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo. M.: Norma: Infra-M, 2010
I. B. Novitskiy. Rimskoe pravo. Assotsiatsiya “Gumanitarnoe znanie”, M. 1993
Karsakova, N. A. Teoriya Lex mercatoria v yuridicheskoy doktrine i praktike :Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk. Spetsial'nost' 12.00.03; Nauch . ruk. I. S. Zykin.-M.,2006.
V. N. Zakhvataev. Kodeks Napoleona. Moskva-Berlin, Infotropik Media 2012
G. K. Dmitrieva. Unifikatsiya ili garmonizatsiya prava: novye formy // Unifikatsiya mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava v sovremennom mire. Sb. statey. Pod red. I. O. Khlestovoy, M. IZISP, 2014, s. 14-17.
A. G. Karapetov, A. I. Savel'ev. Svoboda dogovora i ee predely. M., Statut, 2012
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnoe grazhdansko-protsessual'noe pravo: ponyatie, predmet i sistema // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.16-160. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.4.10362. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_10362.html
Erpyleva N.Yu.. Mezhdunarodnoe chekovoe pravo i rossiyskoe zakonodatel'stvo: osnovnye kategorii i mekhanizmy regulirovaniya chekovykh otnosheniy // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2014. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2014.1.11578
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnyy kommercheskiy arbitrazh: pravovye osnovy funktsionirovaniya // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.1-74. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.545. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_545.html
Erpyleva N.Yu., Klevchenkova M.N.. Unifikatsiya norm o mezhdunarodnoy sudebnoy yurisdiktsii v mezhdunarodnom protsessual'nom prave // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.8984
N. Yu. Erpyleva, I. V. Get'man-Pavlova. Kodifikatsiya mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava v Respublike Gruziya // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107.
N. Yu. Erpyleva, M. N. Klevchenkova. Statut yuridicheskikh lits v prave Evropeyskogo Soyuza. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107.
Ganyushkina E.B.. Vliyanie globalizatsii na formirovanie mezhdunarodnogo ekonomicheskogo prava // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10502
E. B. Ganyushkina. Formirovanie mezhdunarodnogo ekonomicheskogo poryadka // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107
A. I. Nekrasov Printsipy pravovogo regulirovaniya politiki
Evropeyskogo Soyuzav oblasti finansovykh uslug // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2011. - 3. - C. 69 - 87.
Ershova I.V. Gosudarstvennoe regulirovanie tsen v usloviyakh ekonomicheskoy integratsii // Finansovoe pravo i upravlenie. - 2014. - 1. - C. 110 - 119. DOI: 10.7256/2310-0508.2014.1.10019.

Review: The article concerns the issues of evolution of conflict of laws regulation in the international private law of Russia. The author reveals definition, structure and types of conflict of laws norms, pointing out that the definition of conflict of laws is a very important category of international private law in general. Historically, the international private law was based upon the conflict of laws norms, and from the standpoint of legal techniques these are the most complicated norms in the international private law. The totality of these norms applicable for the regulation of private law relations forms conflict of laws law. The conflict of laws norms in the international private laws are the norms of special category, reference norms having 2 specific features. Firstly, the conflict of laws norms do not directly regulate rights and obligations of the subjects of legal relations, they just include the principle based upon which one may choose the applicable law. Secondly, the effect of legal regulation with the use of conflict of laws norms is achieved in combination with the material legal norms, to which they are referring. The author provide detailed classification of types of formulae for attachment of bilateral conflict of laws rules. In the article with the assistance of comparative and formal legal methods of research the author provides detailed analysis of conflict of laws norms in the Russian legislation, as represented by the Civil Code, Family Code and Maritime Trade Code of the Russian Federation. In addition to the norms of national Russian legislation the author provides conflict of laws norms in the international treaties, them being sources of international private law. The analysis of contents of conflict of laws norms in the Russian legislation allowed the author to state that the modern conflict of laws regulation in Russia takes place in accordance with the tendencies of development of the international private law, which may be seen through the prism of the international dimension. The main attachment formulae as applied in the international treaties and regional supranational acts are reflected in the international private law of Russia. The example of this statement may be found in abolishment of the unilateral conflict of laws norms on obligatory written form of an international economic contract, while one of the parties is a Russian legal entity. However, according to the principle of favor negotii, the cumulative conflict of laws norm is introduced, and according to this norm conformity with the law of the state, where the deal was concluded is sufficient for recognizing its legal validity.

Keywords: Conflict of laws norm, conflict of laws regulation, international private law, structure of the conflict of laws norm, attachment formula, volume of conflict of laws norm, attachment of a conflict of laws norm, statute of the legal relation, conflicts of law among the states, classification of conflict of laws norms.

Contact information: Erpyleva, Natalia Yurievna, 119017, Russia, Moskva, ul. Malaya Ordynka, 17.

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Asoskov A.V. Formy vyrazheniya soglasheniya storon o vybore primenimogo prava // Vestnik Vysshego arbitrazhnogo suda RF. 2011. ¹
Kodan S.V., Fevralev S.A. SOSTOYaNIE, RAZVITIE I UNIFIKATsIYa MESTNOGO PRAVA MALOROSSII I ZAPADNYKh GUBERNIY (vtoraya polovina XVII – pervaya polovina XIX vv.) // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki.-2013.-5.-C. 268-295. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.5.579. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_579.html
N. Yu. Erpyleva. Ponyatie, predmet i metod mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 1.
N. Yu. Erpyleva, I. V. Get'man-Pavlova. Kodifikatsiya mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava v Respublike Gruziya // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107.
N. Yu. Erpyleva, D. M. Maksimov. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh zheleznodorozhnykh perevozok // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107.
N.Yu. Erpyleva, D.M. Maksimov. Pravovoy status mezhpravitel'stvennoy organizatsii po mezhdunarodnym zheleznodorozhnym perevozkam // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107.
N.Yu. Erpyleva, U.E. Batler. Proizvodstvo po delam s uchastiem inostrannykh lits v mezhdunarodnom protsessual'nom prave Rossii i Ukrainy: sovremennoe pravovoe regulirovanie // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.01.3
Erpyleva N.Yu., Klevchenkova M.N.. Unifikatsiya norm o mezhdunarodnoy sudebnoy yurisdiktsii v mezhdunarodnom protsessual'nom prave // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.8984
Erpyleva N.Yu., Maksimov D.M.. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh kombinirovannykh perevozok gruzov, passazhirov i bagazha // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10356
Erpyleva N.Yu.. Mezhdunarodnoe chekovoe pravo i rossiyskoe zakonodatel'stvo: osnovnye kategorii i mekhanizmy regulirovaniya chekovykh otnosheniy // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2014. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2014.1.1157

References (transliteration):
Shvakin S.V. Problemy mezhdunarodnogo vzaimodeystviya natsional'nykh pravovykh sistem // Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. 2012. ¹ 6.
Khalafyan R.M. Kontseptsiya mezhdunarodnogo «myagkogo prava» v mezhdunarodno-pravovoy doktrine // Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. 2012. ¹ 2.
Stepin A.B. Obshchie i otlichitel'nye osobennosti rossiyskikh i mezhdunarodnykh sredstv sudebnoy zashchity chastnogo prava // Arbitrazhnyy i grazhdanskiy protsess. 2013. ¹ 1.
Rustamova N.N. Novye razrabotki v oblasti formirovaniya podkhodov k opredeleniyu primenimogo prava i formulirovaniya kollizionnykh norm v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave // Pravo i politika. 2013. ¹ 1.
Plekhanov V.V. Problema predvaritel'nogo voprosa v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave // Muranov A.I., Plekhanov V.V. (sost. i red.) Transgranichnyy torgovyy oborot i pravo: mezhdunarodnyy kommercheskiy arbitrazh, mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo, sravnitel'noe, grazhdanskoe pravo i protsess, pravo mezhdunarodnoy torgovli, ekonomicheskiy analiz prava: Sbornik statey i esse. M., 2013.
Novikova O.V. Kontseptual'nye osnovy ogovorok o publichnom poryadke i normakh neposredstvennogo primeneniya v angliyskom prave // Zakon. 2013. ¹ 2.
Get'man-Pavlova I.V. Primenenie inostrannykh publichno-pravovykh norm v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave // Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe i chastnoe pravo. 2013. ¹ 4.
Kanashevskiy V.A. Soglasheniya o peredache konfidentsial'noy informatsii: voprosy kollizionnogo prava // Zakonodatel'stvo. 2013. ¹ 5.
Melikyan Sh.Z. Unifikatsiya kollizionnogo prava na Evraziyskom prostranstve // Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. 2012. ¹ 7.
Voznesenskaya N.N. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo i sravnitel'noe pravovedenie // Vestnik Gosudarstvennoy registratsionnoy palaty pri Ministerstve yustitsii RF. 2012. ¹ 6.
Vel'yaminov G.M. O ponyatiyakh mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava, pravovoy unifikatsii i prava v tselom // Zakon. 2013. ¹ 12.
Bayborosha N.S. Klassicheskie tipy kollizionnykh privyazok // Belorusskiy zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava i mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy. 2011. ¹ 4.
Asoskov A. Reforma Razdela VI «Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo» Grazhdanskogo kodeksa RF // Khozyaystvo i pravo. 2014. ¹ 2.
Aleshina A.V. Kollizionnye normy kak osnova normativnogo sostava mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava // Zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava. 2012. ¹
Asoskov A.V. Formy vyrazheniya soglasheniya storon o vybore primenimogo prava // Vestnik Vysshego arbitrazhnogo suda RF. 2011. ¹
Kodan S.V., Fevralev S.A. SOSTOYaNIE, RAZVITIE I UNIFIKATsIYa MESTNOGO PRAVA MALOROSSII I ZAPADNYKh GUBERNIY (vtoraya polovina XVII – pervaya polovina XIX vv.) // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki.-2013.-5.-C. 268-295. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.5.579. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_579.html
N. Yu. Erpyleva. Ponyatie, predmet i metod mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 1.
N. Yu. Erpyleva, I. V. Get'man-Pavlova. Kodifikatsiya mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava v Respublike Gruziya // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107.
N. Yu. Erpyleva, D. M. Maksimov. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh zheleznodorozhnykh perevozok // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107.
N.Yu. Erpyleva, D.M. Maksimov. Pravovoy status mezhpravitel'stvennoy organizatsii po mezhdunarodnym zheleznodorozhnym perevozkam // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107.
N.Yu. Erpyleva, U.E. Batler. Proizvodstvo po delam s uchastiem inostrannykh lits v mezhdunarodnom protsessual'nom prave Rossii i Ukrainy: sovremennoe pravovoe regulirovanie // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.01.3
Erpyleva N.Yu., Klevchenkova M.N.. Unifikatsiya norm o mezhdunarodnoy sudebnoy yurisdiktsii v mezhdunarodnom protsessual'nom prave // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.8984
Erpyleva N.Yu., Maksimov D.M.. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh kombinirovannykh perevozok gruzov, passazhirov i bagazha // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10356
Erpyleva N.Yu.. Mezhdunarodnoe chekovoe pravo i rossiyskoe zakonodatel'stvo: osnovnye kategorii i mekhanizmy regulirovaniya chekovykh otnosheniy // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2014. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2014.1.1157

Review: The issues regarding application of estimate terms in the Russian legal system were rather broadly discussed in the Russian legal doctrine. Good faith, reasonability, proportionality and other terms were studied both from the general theoretical and institutional standpoints, and more specifically, within the civil law framework. The Russian civil law scholars pointed out the complications regarding application of the legal norms containing these categories, evaluating the role of judicial discretion in resolving relevant issues. At the same time the modern international law literature did not provide comprehensive analysis, moreover, the English language literature lacks the long-standing legal term for the definition of what is referred to as “estimate term” in Russian. The specific features of the method of international law (method of coordination of sovereign expressions of will) do not necessarily stand for the absence of the relevant norms, and the tendencies for the formulation of obligations within the frame international treaties, or international treaties in general, require that this phenomenon is studied at the international law level. The modern international humanitarian law contains a large amount of the so-called “estimate terms”, which were formulated in early or mid-XX century. The article involves a brief overview of the practice and problems of their application with the due regard to the modern reality, which substantiates practical value of this study.

Keywords: method of international law, international humanitarian law, humanity, reasonability, proportionality, estimate terms, Hague rules, Geneva rules, combatants, armed hostilities.

References:
Yakunina, T.A. Printsipy sorazmernosti i gumannosti v mezhdunarodnom gumanitarnom prave // Printsipy prava: teoriya i praktika: sbornik tezisov dokladov (po materialam III mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii studentov i aspirantov, Saratov, 21 noyabrya 2011 g.).-Saratov: Izd-vo FGBOU VPO “Sarat. gos. yur. akad.”, 2012.-S. 48-49.
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Erik David. Printsipy prava vooruzhennykh konfliktov [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.icrc.org/rus/assets/files/other/4.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 12.05.2014).
Pretsedenty v mezhdunarodnom publichnom i chastnom prave / Blishchenko I.P., Doria Zh.; Red.: Arkhipova L.B..-2-e izd., dop.-M.: Izd-vo MNIMP, 1999. S. 323.
Razumov Yu.A. Nekotorye konstitutsionno-pravovoye osobennosti realizatsii norm mezhdunarodnogo prava v voennoy sfere v zarubezhnykh stranakh // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.171-183. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.684. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_684.html
Sifurova, L.A. Spravedlivost' v mezhdunarodnom prave // Aktual'nye mezhdunarodno-pravovye i gumanitarnye problemy. Sbornik statey.-M.: DA MID Rossii, 2001, Vyp. 2.-S. 55, 60, 62.
Sassoli M., Buv'e A. Pravovaya zashchita vo vremya voyny: pretsedenty, dokumenty i uchebnye materialy, otnosyashchiesya k sovremennoy praktike mezhdunarodnogo gumanitarnogo prava: v 4 t. MKKK.-M.: raduga. 2008. T. 2. S. 433.
Ryasina, A.S. Otsenochnye kategorii v prave // Vestnik Saratovskoy gosudarstvennoy yuridicheskoy akademii.-Saratov: FGBOU VPO "Sarat. gos. yur. akad.", 2012, ¹ 2 (84).-S. 136.
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Luk'yanenko, M.F. Otsenochnye ponyatiya grazhdanskogo prava: razumnost', dobrosovestnost', sushchestvennost' [Elektronnyy resurs] : monografiya / M.F. Luk'yanenko.-M.: Statut, 2010. – Rezhim dostupa : komp'yuternaya set' Yurid. shkoly DVFU. – BD Konsul'tantPlyus.
Izotov, D.M. O sootnoshenii krayney i voennoy neobkhodimosti v svete realizatsii printsipov Nyurnbergskogo tribunala // Vestnik Akademii General'noy prokuratury Rossiyskoy Federatsii.-M.: Akad. Gen. prokuratury RF, 2011. ¹ 2 (22).-S. 80.
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Adel'khanyan, R. Kategorii “voennye prestupleniya” i “voennaya neobkhodimost'” // Zakonnost'.-M., 2003. ¹ 10.-S. 38.
Fedorchenko A.A. Pravo mezhdunarodnykh ugolovnykh tribunalov // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2014.-¹ 1.-S.87-103. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2014.1.11639. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_11639.html
Charl'z S. Mayer. Goroda pod pritselom: spory i umolchaniya o bombardirovkakh s vozdukha vo vremya Vtoroy mirovoy voyny [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.icrc.org/rus/assets/files/other/05_irrc_859_maier_rus.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 13.05.2014).
Babin B.V. Programmnoe regulirovanie v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave: teoreticheskie problemy i prakticheskiy opyt // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2012.-¹ 1.-S.36-75. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2012.1.373. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_373.html
Savryga K.P. Chastnye voennye i okhrannye kompanii po mezhdunarodnomu pravu // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2013. - 4. - C. 456 - 464. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10098.
E. Yu. Bondarenko Mezhdunarodno-pravovye aspekty voennogo plena
v mezhgosudarstvennykh i rossiyskikh normativno-
pravovykh aktakh kontsa XIX – XX vv. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2012. - 2. - C. 155 - 171.

References (transliteration):
Yakunina, T.A. Printsipy sorazmernosti i gumannosti v mezhdunarodnom gumanitarnom prave // Printsipy prava: teoriya i praktika: sbornik tezisov dokladov (po materialam III mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii studentov i aspirantov, Saratov, 21 noyabrya 2011 g.).-Saratov: Izd-vo FGBOU VPO “Sarat. gos. yur. akad.”, 2012.-S. 48-49.
Erik David. Printsipy prava vooruzhennykh konfliktov [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.icrc.org/rus/assets/files/other/4.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 13.05.2014).
Erik David. Printsipy prava vooruzhennykh konfliktov [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.icrc.org/rus/assets/files/other/4.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 12.05.2014).
Pretsedenty v mezhdunarodnom publichnom i chastnom prave / Blishchenko I.P., Doria Zh.; Red.: Arkhipova L.B..-2-e izd., dop.-M.: Izd-vo MNIMP, 1999. S. 323.
Razumov Yu.A. Nekotorye konstitutsionno-pravovoye osobennosti realizatsii norm mezhdunarodnogo prava v voennoy sfere v zarubezhnykh stranakh // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.171-183. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.684. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_684.html
Sifurova, L.A. Spravedlivost' v mezhdunarodnom prave // Aktual'nye mezhdunarodno-pravovye i gumanitarnye problemy. Sbornik statey.-M.: DA MID Rossii, 2001, Vyp. 2.-S. 55, 60, 62.
Sassoli M., Buv'e A. Pravovaya zashchita vo vremya voyny: pretsedenty, dokumenty i uchebnye materialy, otnosyashchiesya k sovremennoy praktike mezhdunarodnogo gumanitarnogo prava: v 4 t. MKKK.-M.: raduga. 2008. T. 2. S. 433.
Ryasina, A.S. Otsenochnye kategorii v prave // Vestnik Saratovskoy gosudarstvennoy yuridicheskoy akademii.-Saratov: FGBOU VPO "Sarat. gos. yur. akad.", 2012, ¹ 2 (84).-S. 136.
Opalev, R.O. Otsenochnye ponyatiya v arbitrazhnom i grazhdanskom protsessual'nom prave [Elektronnyy resurs] : monografiya / R.O. Opalev.-M.: Volters Kluver, 2008. – Rezhim dostupa : komp'yuternaya set' Yurid. shkoly DVFU. – BD Konsul'tantPlyus.
Luk'yanenko, M.F. Otsenochnye ponyatiya grazhdanskogo prava: razumnost', dobrosovestnost', sushchestvennost' [Elektronnyy resurs] : monografiya / M.F. Luk'yanenko.-M.: Statut, 2010. – Rezhim dostupa : komp'yuternaya set' Yurid. shkoly DVFU. – BD Konsul'tantPlyus.
Izotov, D.M. O sootnoshenii krayney i voennoy neobkhodimosti v svete realizatsii printsipov Nyurnbergskogo tribunala // Vestnik Akademii General'noy prokuratury Rossiyskoy Federatsii.-M.: Akad. Gen. prokuratury RF, 2011. ¹ 2 (22).-S. 80.
Dmitrieva, G.K. Printsip spravedlivosti v mezhdunarodnom prave // Sovetskiy ezhegodnik mezhdunarodnogo prava, 1983.-M.: Nauka, 1984.-S. 75.
Zemskova, P.E. Printsip dobrosovestnosti i printsip spravedlivosti kak obshchie printsipy prava, priznannye tsivilizovannymi natsiyami [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://pravorggu.ru/2009_16/zemskova_12.shtml (data obrashcheniya: 15.05.2014).
Dmitrieva, G.K. Printsip dobrosovestnosti v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.law.edu.ru/article/article.asp?articleID=187821 (data obrashcheniya: 16.05.2014).
Adel'khanyan, R. Kategorii “voennye prestupleniya” i “voennaya neobkhodimost'” // Zakonnost'.-M., 2003. ¹ 10.-S. 38.
Fedorchenko A.A. Pravo mezhdunarodnykh ugolovnykh tribunalov // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2014.-¹ 1.-S.87-103. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2014.1.11639. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_11639.html
Charl'z S. Mayer. Goroda pod pritselom: spory i umolchaniya o bombardirovkakh s vozdukha vo vremya Vtoroy mirovoy voyny [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.icrc.org/rus/assets/files/other/05_irrc_859_maier_rus.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 13.05.2014).
Babin B.V. Programmnoe regulirovanie v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave: teoreticheskie problemy i prakticheskiy opyt // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2012.-¹ 1.-S.36-75. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2012.1.373. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_373.html
Savryga K.P. Chastnye voennye i okhrannye kompanii po mezhdunarodnomu pravu // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2013. - 4. - C. 456 - 464. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10098.
E. Yu. Bondarenko Mezhdunarodno-pravovye aspekty voennogo plena
v mezhgosudarstvennykh i rossiyskikh normativno-
pravovykh aktakh kontsa XIX – XX vv. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2012. - 2. - C. 155 - 171.

Review: The activities of private military and security companies is now one of the most dynamically growing segments of the business sphere on security guarantees. However, the largest quantity of legal issues appears, when private military and security enterprises are involved in the sphere, which is not associated with the private sector, such as peacekeeping and protection of global security. Involvement of such companies to implementation of the peacekeeping function of the UNO causes a large number of legal questions, which need to be addressed and analyzed. In the process of writing the article the author used the documents of the United Nations Organizations, compared the positions of the UN officials on the issue of involvement of private structures to implementation of the foremost important peacekeeping function of the organization. The author also analyzed various and at times contradictory opinions of the representatives of the international legal doctrine. It is obvious that since in late years there was a growing number of situation of involvement of private military and security companies in the peacemaking activities of the UN, the analysis of the legal aspects of such participation becomes more and more topical. Additionally, there is an obvious disproportion in the academic world, since the Western legal scholars actively publish their opinions on this issue, while there is almost no publications on this issue among the Russian scholars.

Keywords: International responsibility, international law, peacekeeping operations, use of force, peacekeeping, the United Nations Organization, private military companies, legal aspects, mercenaries, conflicts.

Contact information: Sazonova, Kira Lvovna, 119571, Russia, Moskva, prospect Vernadskogo, 82, str.1.

References:
Speech given by the UN Secretary General at Ditchley Park UK, 26 June 1998, UN Press Release SG/SM/6613; and Transcript of Press Conference by Secretary General Kofi Annan at UN Headquarters on June 12, 1997, SG/SM/6255.
Singer P. W. Should Humanitarians Use Private Military Services?//Humanitarian Affairs Review. 2004.
Spearin C. UN Peacekeeping and the International Private Military and Security Industry//International Peacekeeping. Vol. 18. No. 2. 2011.
Serafino N. Policing in Peacekeeping and Related Stability Operations: Problems and Proposed Solutions. Washington, the Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, 2004.
Select Committee on Foreign Affairs, Private Military Companies. Ninth Report of Session 2001–2002. London: The Stationery Office, 2002.
Richemond D. The New Peacekeepers? Private Military Companies and the Future of Peacekeeping Operations//European Society of International Law Working Paper Agora Series. 2007. URL: www.idc.ac.il/publications/files/461
Rawski F. To Waive or Not To Waive: Immunity and Accountability in U.N. Peacekeeping Operations//Connecticut Journal of International Law. No. 18, 2002.
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Review: The forcible expropriation of foreign property and foreign investments may involve the forms of nationalization, expropriation, requisition, confiscation, etc. The author evaluates them based upon the examples from the legislations of various states as well as arbitration judicial practice. He states that both international and national law lack clear definitions of legal elements of these terms However, these terms are united by the common legal contents, which provides that a person involved in investment activities in a foreign states loses his capitals and dividends in a forceful way. In the latest decades the indirect forms of nationalization and expropriation became the most dangerous forms of expropriation of property from foreign investors, since it stands for hidden, step-by-step intrusion into the proprietary title, lowering the value of an investment. Currently there is a tendency for the growth of investment disputes due to the forcible expropriation of foreign investments in the international institutional arbitration courts and the ad hoc arbitrations, when the respondents are often the Latin American states and the CIS states.

Keywords: State sovereignty, nationalization, expropriation, requisition, foreign investments, investment activity, property, political risks, investment disputes, compensation.

Contact information: Danelyan, Andrey Andreevich, 119992, Russia, Moskva, Ostozhenka, 53/2 stroenie 1.

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Ksenofontov K.E. Dopustimost' ekspropriatsii sobstvennosti
inostrannogo investora prinimayushchim
gosudarstvom // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2013. - 3. - C. 323 - 329. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.9706.

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A. I. Nekrasov. Osnovy pravovogo regulirovaniya deyatel'nosti investitsionnykh fondov v Evropeyskom Soyuze // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107.
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Ksenofontov K.E. Dopustimost' ekspropriatsii sobstvennosti
inostrannogo investora prinimayushchim
gosudarstvom // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2013. - 3. - C. 323 - 329. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.9706.

Review: The article concerns the problems of implementation of the international standards in the sphere of international criminal justice, which may form the basis for the concept of formation of the international criminal penal (penitentiary) law. The object of studies includes the system of relations, providing for the formation of a new branch of international law - international criminal penal (penitentiary) law. The immediate object of studies is the combination of international norms, regulating the treatment of convicts, conditions and guarantees of their rights, as well as implementation of the punishments based upon the decisions of the International Criminal Court. The methodological basis for the study is formed with the dialectic method of cognition with the use of principles of development, integrity and systemic character. The work involved general scientific and special legal methods: comparative, systemic-structural, theoretical-methodological, etc. It should also be stated that there were prior studies in Russian and foreign international law in this sphere, however, there were no sufficient in-depth studies. At the same time the issue of the concept of formation of the international criminal penal (penitentiary) law is important in both theoretical and practical dimensions from the moment when the International Criminal Court was founded. Specific features of implementation of international standards in the sphere of international criminal justice and implementation of criminal punishments, as it is stated in the Statute of the International Criminal Court presupposes their top priority both in the scientific field and in the sphere of practice of modern international law in order to guarantee formation and development of the new branch of law - international criminal penal (penitentiary) law.

Keywords: Penitentiary law, criminal justice, international standards, concept, rights of convicts, penitentiary sentence, penitentiary rules, justice, minimal standards, international cooperation.

Contact information: Kostenko, Nikolay Ivanovich, 350040, Russia, Krasnodar, ul. Stavropolskaya, 149.

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References (transliteration):
G. G. Shinkaretskaya. Mezhdunarodnoe pravoi mirnoe uregulirovanie // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107.
G.G. Shinkaretskaya. Zapret zloupotrebleniya mezhdunarodnoy sudebnoy protseduroy kak faktor obespecheniya sudebnogo protsessa // Pravo i politika. – 2010. – ¹ 2.G. G. Shinkaretskaya. Novye deystvuyushchie litsa v mezhdunarodnom prave. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 1.
G.G. Shinkaretskaya. Iz'yatie iz kompetentsii sudebnykh uchrezhdeniy del, otnosyashchikhsya k vnutrenney kompetentsii gosudarstva // Pravo i politika. – 2010. – ¹ 3.
R.A. Kalamkaryan, Yu.I. Migachev. Vseobshchaya Deklaratsiya prav cheloveka: rol' i znachenie v usloviyakh miroporyadka na osnove gospodstva prava Rule of Law. // Pravo i politika. – 2008. – ¹ 12. – S. 104-107.
R. A. Kalamkaryan. Mezhdunarodnyy sud OON kak administrativno-pravovoy organ mirovogo soobshchestva po mirnomu razresheniyu mezhdunarodnykh sporov // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 2.
R. A. Kalamkaryan. Kodifikatsiya i progressivnoe razvitie mezhdunarodnogo prava kak formy administrativno-pravovoy deyatel'nosti mirovogo soobshchestva po sovershenstvovaniyu mezhdunarodnogo prava. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107.
Babushkin A., Lekomtsev V. Angliyskaya tyur'ma glazami Rossii// Prestuplenie i nakazanie. 1996. ¹
S. 32-39. 2. Biryukov P.N. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo: Uchebnoe posobie. M., Yurist', 1999,-416 s.
Blishchenko I.P., Fisenko I.V. Mezhdunarodnyy ugolovnyy sud. M., YuNITI, 1998.-239 s.
Valeev R.M. Vydacha prestupnikov v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave. Nekotorye voprosy teorii i praktiki. Kazan', izd. Kazanskogo universiteta, 1976.-57 s.
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Kostenko N.I. Mezhdunarodnaya ugolovnaya yustitsiya. Problemy razvitiya. M., 2002. Izd.-vo RKonsul't, 448 s.
Kostenko N.I. Mezhdunarodnoe ugolovnoe pravo: sovremennye teoreticheskie problemy. M.: Izd.-vo «Yurlitiform», 2004. S. 50.
Lukashuk I. I. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo v sudakh gosudarstv. SPb., SKF «Rossiya-Neva», 1993.-302 s.
Lukashuk I. I. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo: Osobennaya chast'.-M., BEK, 2001.-456 s.
Lukashuk I. I., Naumov A. V. Vydacha obvinyaemykh i osuzhdennykh v mezhdunarodnom ugolovnom prave. – M., RYuID, 1998.-160 s.
Lukashuk I. I., A. V. Naumov A.V. Mezhdunarodnoe ugolovnoe pravo. M., Spark, 1999.-287 s.
Lukashuk I. I. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy. M., Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1975.-175 s.
Martens F. F. Sovremennoe mezhdunarodnoe pravo tsivilizovannykh narodov. T. 1 (po izdaniyu 1904 g.) M., Izd-vo «Yuridicheskiy kolledzh MGU». 1996.-313 s.; T. 2 (po izdaniyu 1905 g.) M., Izd-vo «Yuridicheskiy kolledzh MGU». 1996.-369 s.
Mezhdunarodnoe pravo: Uchebnik. Izd. 2-e, dop. i pererab. Otv. Red. Yu. M. Kolosov, V. I. Kuznetsov. M., Mezhdunar. otnosheniya, 1998.-624 s.
Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe pravo. Uchebnik. Pod red. K. A. Bekyasheva. M., «Prospekt», 1999.-640 s.
Mezhdunarodnoe pravo: Uchebnik. Otv. red. Yu. M. Kolosov, E.S. Krivchikova. M., Mezhd. otnosh., 2000.-720 s.
Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. Uchebnik dlya vuzov. Otv. red. G. V. Ignatenko i O. I. Tiunov. M., Izdatel'skaya gruppa NORMA – INFRA ∙ M, 1999.-584 s.
Modzhoryan L. A. Sub'ekty mezhdunarodno-pravovoy otvetstvennosti //Sov. gos. i pravo. 1969. ¹ 12. S. 123-132.
Safferling K. Na puti k Mezhdunarodnoy ugolovnoy protsedure. N'yu-York, 2001.-198 s.
Ushakov N. A. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. Uchebnik. M., Yurist'. 2000. 304 s.
Chernichenko S. V. Opredelenie massovykh i grubykh narusheniy prav cheloveka, kak mezhdunarodnogo prestupleniya //Dok. OON. E/CN. 4/Sub. 10/ 1997/2. P. 9.
Chernichenko S. V. Teoriya mezhdunarodnogo prava. V 2-kh tomakh. Tom. 1: Sovremennye teoreticheskie problemy.-M., Izdatel'stvo «NIMP», 1999.-336 s. Tom 2: Starye i novye teoreticheskie problemy.-M., Izdatel'stvo «NIMP», 1999. 531 s.
Shumikhin V. G., Rozhkov S. A. Reforma ugolovno-ispolnitel'nogo zakonodatel'stva v usloviyakh perekhoda k rynochnoy ekonomike // Gosudarstvo i pravo. 1992. ¹ 7. S. 54-59.
Kalamkaryan R.A.. Mezhdunarodnyy sud kak glavnyy sudebnyy organ Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.2.7737.
R.A. Kalamkaryan. Rol' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele podderzhaniya mezhdunarodnogo pravoporyadka // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.01.6.
Kalamkaryan R.A. Rol' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele podderzhaniya mezhdunarodnogo pravoporyadka // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.184-214. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.690. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_690.html
Kalamkaryan R.A. Vklyuchennost' Rossiyskoy Federatsii v deyatel'nost' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele obespecheniya mezhdunarodnoy zakonnosti i pravoporyadka // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 2.-S.85-118. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.2.691. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_691.html
Ushakov S.V. Problema prinuditel'nogo ispolneniya resheniy Mezhdunarodnogo Suda Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy i pravo OON//Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations, ¹1-2010
Bayl'dinov E. T. Vozmozhnosti Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy obespecheniya realizatsii norm mezhdunarodnogo prava//Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations, ¹2-2011
Kuz'mina Yu.A. Nekotorye osobennosti praktiki Evropeyskogo Suda v otnoshenii Rossiyskoy Federatsii // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 3.-S.68-87. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.3.2424. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_2424.html
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnoe grazhdansko-protsessual'noe pravo: ponyatie, predmet i sistema // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.16-160. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.4.10362. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_10362.html
Solov'eva T.V. Ob otsutstvii edinogo normativno zakreplennogo poryadka privedeniya v ispolnenie postanovleniy Evropeyskogo Suda po pravam cheloveka. // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.184-200. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.4.2507. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_2507.htm

Review: The status of the plenipotentiary member of international and intergovernmental organizations is provided solely to the states. However, as a practical matter the issue of membership of a state in the international organizations is a complicated one, since it may sometimes be disputed whether a certain subject of international law is a state, therefore, having a right to be a member of a certain organization, and there also may be a problem regarding succession and transformation of states. The author studies these issues and problems, taking examples of membership in various international organizations, first of all, the UN. The article also concerns the issues of new members entering international intergovernmental organizations. The author also studies the issues of new members entering the international intergovernmental organizations, as well as some issues of equality of rights of member states of various organizations within the institutional structures of these states. The author provides a number of curiosities from the membership history of the UN, changes in the composition of member states of the UN and termination of participation of states in the UN.

Keywords: state, intergovernmental organization, international organization, the UNO, membership, gaining membership, founding states, exclusion of a state, new members, equality in rights.

Contact information: Shaklein, Viktor Viktorovich, 117198, Russia, Moskva, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 6.

References:
Yu. A. Umerenko. Chlenstvo postoyanno neytral'nykh gosudarstv v OON i ES: mezhdunarodno-pravovoy aspekt // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 2.
– S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.7740 3. Kalamkaryan R.A. Vklyuchennost' Rossiyskoy Federatsii v deyatel'nost' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele obespecheniya mezhdunarodnoy zakonnosti i pravoporyadka // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 2.-S.85-118. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.2.691. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_691.html
Kalamkaryan R.A.. Rossiya v universal'nom mirovom pravovom prostranstve // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹
Abashidze A.Kh., Emin V.G. Chlenstvo v mezhdunarodnoy organizatsii // Mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / Pod red. I.P. Blishchenko.-M: RUDN, 1994. S. 50-68.
Kalamkaryan R.A.. Mezhdunarodnyy sud kak glavnyy sudebnyy organ Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.2.7737
Shinkaretskaya G.G. Rossiya v integratsionnykh ob'edineniyakh: priobreteniya i poteri // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2014.-¹ 1.-S.16-40. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2014.1.11600. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_11600.html
Kalamkaryan R.A. Rol' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele podderzhaniya mezhdunarodnogo pravoporyadka // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.184-214. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.690. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_690.html
G. G. Shinkaretskaya. Mezhdunarodnoe pravoi mirnoe uregulirovanie // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107.
R. A. Kalamkaryan. Kodifikatsiya i progressivnoe razvitie mezhdunarodnogo prava kak formy administrativno-pravovoy deyatel'nosti mirovogo soobshchestva po sovershenstvovaniyu mezhdunarodnogo prava. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107.
G. G. Shinkaretskaya. Polozhenie fakticheski sushchestvuyushchikh rezhimov (nepriznannye gosudarstva) // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 2.
R.A. Kalamkaryan. Mezhdunarodno-pravovye aspekty voenno-morskoy deyatel'nosti gosudarstv // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2010. – ¹ 1.
G. G. Shinkaretskaya. Novye deystvuyushchie litsa v mezhdunarodnom prave. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 1.
Y.Z. Blum, Russia takes over the seat of the Soviet Union at the United Nations, EJIL 1992, vol. 2.
J.-C. Duursma, Fragmentation and the International Relations of Micro-States, Self-Determination and Statehood. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
H. Gherari, Quelques observations sur les États éphémères, AFDI, 1994, p. 419.
J.-P. Jacqué, German unification and the European community, EJIL 1991, vol. 1; K. Hailbronner, Legal aspects of the unification of the two German states, EJIL 1991, vol. 1.
D.O. Lloyd, Succession, Secession and State Membership in the United Nations, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 1994.
Ch. Zorgbibe, Wilson, un croisé à la Maison-Blanche, Paris, Presses de Sciences-Po, 1998.
I.V. Ershova. Bukhgalterskiy uchet v usloviyakh chlenstva Rossii v VTO i Tamozhennom soyuze // Finansovoe pravo i upravlenie. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/.2013.1.9646
Shaklein V.V.. Kriterii i otdel'nye aspekty protsedury prinyatiya novykh chlenov OON // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.2.878

References (transliteration):
Yu. A. Umerenko. Chlenstvo postoyanno neytral'nykh gosudarstv v OON i ES: mezhdunarodno-pravovoy aspekt // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 2.
– S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.7740 3. Kalamkaryan R.A. Vklyuchennost' Rossiyskoy Federatsii v deyatel'nost' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele obespecheniya mezhdunarodnoy zakonnosti i pravoporyadka // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 2.-S.85-118. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.2.691. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_691.html
Kalamkaryan R.A.. Rossiya v universal'nom mirovom pravovom prostranstve // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹
Abashidze A.Kh., Emin V.G. Chlenstvo v mezhdunarodnoy organizatsii // Mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / Pod red. I.P. Blishchenko.-M: RUDN, 1994. S. 50-68.
Kalamkaryan R.A.. Mezhdunarodnyy sud kak glavnyy sudebnyy organ Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.2.7737
Shinkaretskaya G.G. Rossiya v integratsionnykh ob'edineniyakh: priobreteniya i poteri // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2014.-¹ 1.-S.16-40. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2014.1.11600. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_11600.html
Kalamkaryan R.A. Rol' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele podderzhaniya mezhdunarodnogo pravoporyadka // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.184-214. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.690. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_690.html
G. G. Shinkaretskaya. Mezhdunarodnoe pravoi mirnoe uregulirovanie // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107.
R. A. Kalamkaryan. Kodifikatsiya i progressivnoe razvitie mezhdunarodnogo prava kak formy administrativno-pravovoy deyatel'nosti mirovogo soobshchestva po sovershenstvovaniyu mezhdunarodnogo prava. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107.
G. G. Shinkaretskaya. Polozhenie fakticheski sushchestvuyushchikh rezhimov (nepriznannye gosudarstva) // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 2.
R.A. Kalamkaryan. Mezhdunarodno-pravovye aspekty voenno-morskoy deyatel'nosti gosudarstv // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2010. – ¹ 1.
G. G. Shinkaretskaya. Novye deystvuyushchie litsa v mezhdunarodnom prave. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 1.
Y.Z. Blum, Russia takes over the seat of the Soviet Union at the United Nations, EJIL 1992, vol. 2.
J.-C. Duursma, Fragmentation and the International Relations of Micro-States, Self-Determination and Statehood. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
H. Gherari, Quelques observations sur les États éphémères, AFDI, 1994, p. 419.
J.-P. Jacqué, German unification and the European community, EJIL 1991, vol. 1; K. Hailbronner, Legal aspects of the unification of the two German states, EJIL 1991, vol. 1.
D.O. Lloyd, Succession, Secession and State Membership in the United Nations, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 1994.
Ch. Zorgbibe, Wilson, un croisé à la Maison-Blanche, Paris, Presses de Sciences-Po, 1998.
I.V. Ershova. Bukhgalterskiy uchet v usloviyakh chlenstva Rossii v VTO i Tamozhennom soyuze // Finansovoe pravo i upravlenie. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/.2013.1.9646
Shaklein V.V.. Kriterii i otdel'nye aspekty protsedury prinyatiya novykh chlenov OON // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.2.878

Review: Coercion in the international law has its own characteristics, primarily predetermined by the nature of interstate relations and by methods of their regulation. If there is not any centralized apparatus of coercion, it is executed in a decentralized way (individually) – by the states, through the mechanism of countermeasures, and in a centralized way (collectively) – by using the institutional mechanism of international organizations through international legal sanctions. The use of international sanctions belongs to the most complex and significant issues of modern international law. This is due to a number of serious problems occurring in the process of implementing the international sanctions regimes, the existence of which is the main reason for critical comments on their effectiveness. The present article examines the modification of sanction regimes imposed by resolutions of the Security Council of the United Nations Organization within the implementation of the concept of targeted sanctions. The necessity of the further reforming of international sanctions is substantiated as coercive measures applied by means of a centralized institutional mechanism of international organizations. The main tendencies of the international legal regulation of using international sanctions aimed at improving their regulatory framework and practices are determined.

Keywords: international sanctions, the Security Council resolutions, international sanctions regime, targeted sanctions, effectiveness of the international sanctions, freezing of funds, target orientation of international sanctions, forms of executing sanctions, legitimacy of the international sanctions and embargo.

Contact information: Keshner Maria Valerievna, 420018, Russia, Kazan, Kremlin, 18

References:
Kononova K.O. Sanktsionnye rezolyutsii Soveta Bezopasnosti OON i ikh implementatsiya v natsional'nykh pravovykh sistemakh gosudarstv-chlenov. M.: Volters Kluver. 2010. S.126-151.
Kurdyukov G.I., Keshner M.V. Primenenie tselenapravlennykh sanktsiy Sovetom Bezopasnosti OON . Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i natsional'nye interesy Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Sbornik statey. M., Dip.akademiya MID Rossii, 2008. S. 199-213.
Lukashuk I.I. Pravo mezhdunarodnoy otvetstvennosti. M.: Volters Kluver, 2004. S. 306-317.
Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. Obshchaya chast'. Otv.red. R.M.Valeev, G.I.Kurdyukov. M., Statut, 2011. S. 455-525.

References (transliteration):
Kononova K.O. Sanktsionnye rezolyutsii Soveta Bezopasnosti OON i ikh implementatsiya v natsional'nykh pravovykh sistemakh gosudarstv-chlenov. M.: Volters Kluver. 2010. S.126-151.
Kurdyukov G.I., Keshner M.V. Primenenie tselenapravlennykh sanktsiy Sovetom Bezopasnosti OON . Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i natsional'nye interesy Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Sbornik statey. M., Dip.akademiya MID Rossii, 2008. S. 199-213.
Lukashuk I.I. Pravo mezhdunarodnoy otvetstvennosti. M.: Volters Kluver, 2004. S. 306-317.
Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. Obshchaya chast'. Otv.red. R.M.Valeev, G.I.Kurdyukov. M., Statut, 2011. S. 455-525.

Review: Various states use the services of private military and security companies during armed conflicts and occupations in order to perform tasks that were previously considered as a privilege of the military. However, as well as the military personnel, the employees of private military companies are able to commit unlawful acts in violation of international law. In this article, the author studied the legal regime of responsibility and commitment, the subject of which is the receiving State and the home State (place of incorporation). The author concludes that despite the fact that they do not enter directly into agreements with private military companies, and cannot be directly responsible for committing military crimes or other serious violations of international law, they shall have a duty to comply with due diligence obligations in respect with the norms of international humanitarian law, neutrality laws and international human rights law.

Keywords: State of incorporation, home State, neutrality, military crimes, human rights law, international humanitarian law, the responsibility of the state, private military companies, international legal responsibility and host State.

References:
Wright Q. “Subversive Intervention” American journal of International Law,54, 1960
Wright Q. “US Intervention in Lebanon”, American Journal of International Law, 53, 1959
Watkin K.,“Controlling the Use of Force: A Role for Human Rights Norms in Contemporary Armed Conflict”, American Journal of International Law,98, 2004
Wippman l., ”Change and Continuity in Legal Justification for Military Intervention in Internal Conflicts”, Colunbia Human Rights Law Review, 27,1997
Van der Herik F. and Cernic L. “Regulating Corporations under International Law: from Human Rights to International Criminal Law and Back Again”, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2010
Warbrick Y. “The New British Policy on Recognition of Governments”, International and Comparative Law Quarterly , 30,1981
Tonkin H.“State Control over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict (Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law)”Cambridge University Press, 2013
UCIHL, “Expert Meeting on Private Military Contractors”, Geneva, 2005
UN Secretariat, Survey of International Law, UN Doc. A/CN4/1 Rev.1(1949)
Stanio G., “Suing Private Military Contractors for Torture: How to Use Alien Tort Statute Without Granting Sovereign Immunity-Related Defenses”, Santa Clara Law Review,50,2010
Talmon H. “Recognition of Governments: An Analysis of the New British Policy and Practice”, British Yearbook of International Law, 1992
McCorquodale N. “Responsibility Beyond Borders: State Responsibility for Extraterritorial Violations by Corporations of International Human Rights Law”, Modern Law Review, 70, 2004
McGoldrick L,. “The Principle of Non-Intervention: Human Right” in Lowe and Warbrick(ed.) “The UN and the Principles of International Law”, Routledge, 1994
Meron T., “International Criminalization of Internal Atrocities”, American Journal of International Law, 89, 1995
O’ Brien K. «Military-Advisory Groups and African Security: Privatised Peace-keeping», International Peacekeeping, 5 (3), August 1998
Ruggie J., “Protect, Respect and Remedy: A Framework for Business and Human Rights”, UN Doc. A/HRC/8/5(7 april 2008)
Maffai M., “Accountability for Private Military and Security Companies Employees that Engage in Sex Trafficking and Related Abuses While under Contract with the United States Overseas”, Wisconsin International Law Journal, 09, 2008
Lauterparcht H. “Revolutionary activities by Private Persons Against Foreign States”/ American Journal of International Law,22, 1928
Gehring “Liability for Transboundary Environmental Damage: Toward a General Liability Regime?”, European Journal of International Law, 4, 1993
ICRC, Customary International Humanitarian Law Study, ICRC,2009
Lauterpacht H. “The Revision of the Law of War”, British Yearbook of International Law, 29, 1952
Fleck D. “Handbook of International Humanitarian Law”, Oxford, 2008
Fleck D.,“International Accountability for Violations of the Ius in Bello: the Impact of the ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law”, in Journal of Conflict and Security Law, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2006
Fay Report, “Investigation of the Abu Ghraib Detention Facility and 205th Military Intelligence Brigade “(august 2004).
Doswald-Beck L. “The Legal Validity of Military Intervention by Invitation of the Government”, British Yearbook of International Law, 56,1985

References (transliteration):
Wright Q. “Subversive Intervention” American journal of International Law,54, 1960
Wright Q. “US Intervention in Lebanon”, American Journal of International Law, 53, 1959
Watkin K.,“Controlling the Use of Force: A Role for Human Rights Norms in Contemporary Armed Conflict”, American Journal of International Law,98, 2004
Wippman l., ”Change and Continuity in Legal Justification for Military Intervention in Internal Conflicts”, Colunbia Human Rights Law Review, 27,1997
Van der Herik F. and Cernic L. “Regulating Corporations under International Law: from Human Rights to International Criminal Law and Back Again”, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2010
Warbrick Y. “The New British Policy on Recognition of Governments”, International and Comparative Law Quarterly , 30,1981
Tonkin H.“State Control over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict (Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law)”Cambridge University Press, 2013
UCIHL, “Expert Meeting on Private Military Contractors”, Geneva, 2005
UN Secretariat, Survey of International Law, UN Doc. A/CN4/1 Rev.1(1949)
Stanio G., “Suing Private Military Contractors for Torture: How to Use Alien Tort Statute Without Granting Sovereign Immunity-Related Defenses”, Santa Clara Law Review,50,2010
Talmon H. “Recognition of Governments: An Analysis of the New British Policy and Practice”, British Yearbook of International Law, 1992
McCorquodale N. “Responsibility Beyond Borders: State Responsibility for Extraterritorial Violations by Corporations of International Human Rights Law”, Modern Law Review, 70, 2004
McGoldrick L,. “The Principle of Non-Intervention: Human Right” in Lowe and Warbrick(ed.) “The UN and the Principles of International Law”, Routledge, 1994
Meron T., “International Criminalization of Internal Atrocities”, American Journal of International Law, 89, 1995
O’ Brien K. «Military-Advisory Groups and African Security: Privatised Peace-keeping», International Peacekeeping, 5 (3), August 1998
Ruggie J., “Protect, Respect and Remedy: A Framework for Business and Human Rights”, UN Doc. A/HRC/8/5(7 april 2008)
Maffai M., “Accountability for Private Military and Security Companies Employees that Engage in Sex Trafficking and Related Abuses While under Contract with the United States Overseas”, Wisconsin International Law Journal, 09, 2008
Lauterparcht H. “Revolutionary activities by Private Persons Against Foreign States”/ American Journal of International Law,22, 1928
Gehring “Liability for Transboundary Environmental Damage: Toward a General Liability Regime?”, European Journal of International Law, 4, 1993
ICRC, Customary International Humanitarian Law Study, ICRC,2009
Lauterpacht H. “The Revision of the Law of War”, British Yearbook of International Law, 29, 1952
Fleck D. “Handbook of International Humanitarian Law”, Oxford, 2008
Fleck D.,“International Accountability for Violations of the Ius in Bello: the Impact of the ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law”, in Journal of Conflict and Security Law, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2006
Fay Report, “Investigation of the Abu Ghraib Detention Facility and 205th Military Intelligence Brigade “(august 2004).
Doswald-Beck L. “The Legal Validity of Military Intervention by Invitation of the Government”, British Yearbook of International Law, 56,1985

Review: This article is devoted to history and analysis of influence on the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights on the development of states, their history and law. Special attention is paid ot the European Convention on Human Rights (formally, the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms), and analysis of the claims to the European Court. The article includes analysis of historic development, drafting and adoption of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as well as the causes of its amendment and the need for additional Protocols. This problem is analyzed with the use of dialectic, historical, systemic, and comparative legal methods. The author considers that currently the Convention develops its protective systems. The Protocols, which came into force, amend and change it, and improve the functions of the European Court on Human Rights as a whole. Based upon the above-mentioned issues, one may draw a conclusion that the decisions of the European Court on Human Rights regarding the states, including the Russian Federation are precedents, and judicial practice of the ECHR in cases regarding the Russian Federation should be recognized as a source of Russian law.

Keywords: Convention, unity, sovereignty of the state, human rights, claim, freedom of address, Protocol, protection of rights, Committee, Commissar.

Contact information: Petrov, Vladimir Yurievich, 344068, Russia, Rostov-na-Donu, pr. Mikhaila Nagibina, d.33f/47.

References:
Konventsiya o zashchite prav cheloveka i osnovnykh svobod (Rim, 4 noyabrya 1950 g.) (s izm. i dop. ot 21 sentyabrya 1970 g., 20 dekabrya 1971 g., 1 yanvarya 1990 g., 6 noyabrya 1990 g., 11 maya 1994 g.) // Byulleten' mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov.-mart 2001 g.-¹3.
Tekst Protokola [N 1] (Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 20, st. 2143) izmenen v sootvetstvii s polozheniyami Protokola N 11 (SED N 155; Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 44, st. 5400) s daty vstupleniya ego v silu 1 noyabrya 1998 goda.
Tekst Protokola [N 2] (Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 20, st. 2143) izmenen v sootvetstvii s polozheniyami Protokola N 11 (SED N 155; Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 44, st. 5400) s daty vstupleniya ego v silu 1 noyabrya 1998 goda.
Tekst Protokola N 4 (Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 20, st. 2143) izmenen v sootvetstvii s polozheniyami Protokola N 11 (SED N 155; Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 44, st. 5400) s daty vstupleniya ego v silu 1 noyabrya 1998 goda.
Tekst Protokola N 7 (Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 31, st. 3835) izmenen v sootvetstvii s polozheniyami Protokola N 11 (SED N 155; Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 44, st. 5400) s daty vstupleniya ego v silu 1 noyabrya 1998 goda.
Protokol N 14 k Konventsii o zashchite prav cheloveka i osnovnykh svobod, dopolnyayushchiy kontrol'nuyu sistemu Konventsii (Strasburg, 13 maya 2004 g.) perevod s sayta http://www.echr.ru/documents/doc/5035383/5035383.htm
Protokol ¹ 14 k Konventsii o zashchite prav cheloveka i osnovnykh svobod ofitsial'no opublikovan v «Byulletene mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov» ¹ 4 za 2010 god.
Konventsiya Sodruzhestva Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv o pravakh i osnovnykh svobodakh cheloveka (Minsk, 26 maya 1995 g.) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii-29 marta 1999 g.-¹ 13
Reglament (pravila) Evropeyskogo suda po pravam cheloveka (ESPCh, Strasburgskogo suda): poslednie izmeneniya vnosilis' 2 aprelya 2012 goda; redaktsiya vstupila v silu s 1 sentyabrya 2012 goda.
Protokol ¹ 15 k Evropeyskoy Konventsii gotov k ratifikatsii-http://europeancourt.ru/2013/05/20/11952/
Protokol ¹ 16 k Evropeyskoy Konventsii gotov k ratifikatsii-http://europeancourt.ru/2013/07/13/12513/
Evropeyskiy sud po pravam cheloveka http://europeancourt.ru/statistika-evropejskogo-suda/
Istoriya sozdaniya i evolyutsiya Evropeyskogo suda po pravam cheloveka, RosEvroSud-http://roseurosud.org/66-istoriya-sozdaniya-i-evolyuciya-evropeyskogo-suda.html

References (transliteration):
Konventsiya o zashchite prav cheloveka i osnovnykh svobod (Rim, 4 noyabrya 1950 g.) (s izm. i dop. ot 21 sentyabrya 1970 g., 20 dekabrya 1971 g., 1 yanvarya 1990 g., 6 noyabrya 1990 g., 11 maya 1994 g.) // Byulleten' mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov.-mart 2001 g.-¹3.
Tekst Protokola [N 1] (Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 20, st. 2143) izmenen v sootvetstvii s polozheniyami Protokola N 11 (SED N 155; Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 44, st. 5400) s daty vstupleniya ego v silu 1 noyabrya 1998 goda.
Tekst Protokola [N 2] (Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 20, st. 2143) izmenen v sootvetstvii s polozheniyami Protokola N 11 (SED N 155; Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 44, st. 5400) s daty vstupleniya ego v silu 1 noyabrya 1998 goda.
Tekst Protokola N 4 (Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 20, st. 2143) izmenen v sootvetstvii s polozheniyami Protokola N 11 (SED N 155; Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 44, st. 5400) s daty vstupleniya ego v silu 1 noyabrya 1998 goda.
Tekst Protokola N 7 (Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 31, st. 3835) izmenen v sootvetstvii s polozheniyami Protokola N 11 (SED N 155; Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 44, st. 5400) s daty vstupleniya ego v silu 1 noyabrya 1998 goda.
Protokol N 14 k Konventsii o zashchite prav cheloveka i osnovnykh svobod, dopolnyayushchiy kontrol'nuyu sistemu Konventsii (Strasburg, 13 maya 2004 g.) perevod s sayta http://www.echr.ru/documents/doc/5035383/5035383.htm
Protokol ¹ 14 k Konventsii o zashchite prav cheloveka i osnovnykh svobod ofitsial'no opublikovan v «Byulletene mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov» ¹ 4 za 2010 god.
Konventsiya Sodruzhestva Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv o pravakh i osnovnykh svobodakh cheloveka (Minsk, 26 maya 1995 g.) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii-29 marta 1999 g.-¹ 13
Reglament (pravila) Evropeyskogo suda po pravam cheloveka (ESPCh, Strasburgskogo suda): poslednie izmeneniya vnosilis' 2 aprelya 2012 goda; redaktsiya vstupila v silu s 1 sentyabrya 2012 goda.
Protokol ¹ 15 k Evropeyskoy Konventsii gotov k ratifikatsii-http://europeancourt.ru/2013/05/20/11952/
Protokol ¹ 16 k Evropeyskoy Konventsii gotov k ratifikatsii-http://europeancourt.ru/2013/07/13/12513/
Evropeyskiy sud po pravam cheloveka http://europeancourt.ru/statistika-evropejskogo-suda/
Istoriya sozdaniya i evolyutsiya Evropeyskogo suda po pravam cheloveka, RosEvroSud-http://roseurosud.org/66-istoriya-sozdaniya-i-evolyuciya-evropeyskogo-suda.html

Review: The article discusses issues related to the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict – one of the most protracted conflicts in the former Soviet Union. To date, the efforts of the parties to the conflict to resolve it have clearly been insufficient. The main instrument for the resolution of this dispute is the Minsk Group of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. In this regard, the role of such all-inclusive organizations such as the United Nations has been significantly reduced. The author analyzes the decisions of the Security Council on the status of Nagorno-Karabakh as well as the non-binding resolutions of the UN General Assembly. The author determines that the UN should make a greater effort towards a peaceful settlement of the dispute and focus on the actions of the parties to the conflict outside the parameters of the OSCE Minsk Group. The article highlights the immense role of the UN in implementing the right of peoples to self-determination so as to safeguard their rights and freedoms. However, it is worth noting that if there is a new outbreak of violence, a resumption of hostilities and a definitive collapse of the peace talks, the UN, by way of the Security Council, will once again play a major role.

Keywords: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, peaceful settlement of the dispute, activities of the UN, right to self-determination, Security Council resolutions, Armenia and Azerbaijan, unrecognized republic, UN General Assembly, aggression, principle of territorial integrity

Contact information: Aleksanyan, Arshak Arturovich, 101000, Russia, Moscow, Myasnitskaya St, 20

References:
Aleynikov A.V. Sistemnye konflikty v Rossii: kontseptual'nye osnovaniya analiza. Stat'ya 1. // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-7.-C. 94-140. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_2306.html
Sazonova K.L. «Bol'shaya pyaterka» i mirotvorcheskaya deyatel'nost' Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy: politicheskie i pravovye vyzovy i ugrozy // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo.-2013.-2.-C. 1-15. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_4769.html
Vartanyan, A.S. Problema uregulirovaniya konflikta v Nagornom Karabakhe i rol' mezhdunarodnykh organizatsiy [Tekst] : avtoref. diss… kand. pol. nauk : 23.00.04 – Politicheskie problemy mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy, global'nogo i regional'nogo razvitiya / Vartanyan Artem Sergeevich – Moskva, 2011.-S. 12.
Abdullaev, E. Problema Nagornogo Karabakha v kontekste mezhdunarodnogo prava. [Tekst] / E. Abdullaev; – Baku, 2005.-S. 120.
Kazimirov, V. Karabakh i rezolyutsii Soveta Bezopasnosti OON // Informatsionnoe agentstvo REGNUM. [Elektronnyy resurs] : http://www.vn.kazimirov.ru/k100.htm Data obrashchenya : 12.10.2013 g.

References (transliteration):
Aleynikov A.V. Sistemnye konflikty v Rossii: kontseptual'nye osnovaniya analiza. Stat'ya 1. // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-7.-C. 94-140. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_2306.html
Sazonova K.L. «Bol'shaya pyaterka» i mirotvorcheskaya deyatel'nost' Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy: politicheskie i pravovye vyzovy i ugrozy // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo.-2013.-2.-C. 1-15. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_4769.html
Vartanyan, A.S. Problema uregulirovaniya konflikta v Nagornom Karabakhe i rol' mezhdunarodnykh organizatsiy [Tekst] : avtoref. diss… kand. pol. nauk : 23.00.04 – Politicheskie problemy mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy, global'nogo i regional'nogo razvitiya / Vartanyan Artem Sergeevich – Moskva, 2011.-S. 12.
Abdullaev, E. Problema Nagornogo Karabakha v kontekste mezhdunarodnogo prava. [Tekst] / E. Abdullaev; – Baku, 2005.-S. 120.
Kazimirov, V. Karabakh i rezolyutsii Soveta Bezopasnosti OON // Informatsionnoe agentstvo REGNUM. [Elektronnyy resurs] : http://www.vn.kazimirov.ru/k100.htm Data obrashchenya : 12.10.2013 g.

Review: This article is devoted to the issues of correlation between recognition of the new states and the UN membership. The author evaluates the provisions of the UN Charter and other normative acts, as well as the international judicial decisions. In particular, he analyzes the decision of the International Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), showing that the UN membership equals recognition of a subject as new state, as well as that the subject having the UN membership, while not being de facto independent (sovereign), can be recognized as a state due to its membership in this organization. In the opinion of the author such an approach is not realistic, since it contradicts the existing practice. The author defines recognition of one state by the other as an act of political will and expression of sovereignty of a recognizing state, since it remains in the total discretion of a recognizing state, while the UN membership is a legal act. The author points out a number of reasons for which the UN membership cannot be equal to the collective recognition of a new state by the UN Member States.

Keywords: definition of a state, accepting practice, the UN Member States, recognition of new states, the UN General Assembly, the UN Security Council, the UN Charter, procedural rules, international law, foreign policy.

Contact information: Shaklein, Viktor Viktorovich, 117198, Russia, Moskva, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, d.6.

References:
1. Blishchenko I.P., Abashidze A.Kh. Pravo mezhdunarodnykh organizatsiy / Pod red. I.P. Blishchenko, A.Kh. Abashidze.-M: RUDN, 2013.
2. Mingazov, L. Kh. Chlenstvo v Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy i problema priznaniya novykh gosudarstv: Sootnoshenie mezhdunarodno-pravovykh institutov : Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk. /MGU im. M. V. Lomonosova. Yuridicheskiy fakul'tet.-M.,1972.
3. Bourdieu P., Sur l'État : Cours au Collège de France (1989-1992), Paris, Seil, 2012.
4. Chen, Ti-Chiang, The international law of recognition‬: with special reference to practice in Great Britain and the United States‬, Stevens‬, 1951.‬‬‬‬‬‬
5. Crawford J., Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law, OUP Oxford‬, 2012.
6. Dixon M., Textbook on International Law‬, Oxford University Press‬, 2007.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
7. Dugard J., Recognition and the United Nations, Grotius Publications Limited‬, 1987.‬‬‬
8. Hudson M. O., International Tribunals, Past and Future, Kessinger Publishing‬, 2008.
9. Rosenne Sh., Essays on International Law and Practice, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers‬, 2007.

References (transliteration):
1. Blishchenko I.P., Abashidze A.Kh. Pravo mezhdunarodnykh organizatsiy / Pod red. I.P. Blishchenko, A.Kh. Abashidze.-M: RUDN, 2013.
2. Mingazov, L. Kh. Chlenstvo v Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy i problema priznaniya novykh gosudarstv: Sootnoshenie mezhdunarodno-pravovykh institutov : Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk. /MGU im. M. V. Lomonosova. Yuridicheskiy fakul'tet.-M.,1972.
3. Bourdieu P., Sur l'État : Cours au Collège de France (1989-1992), Paris, Seil, 2012.
4. Chen, Ti-Chiang, The international law of recognition‬: with special reference to practice in Great Britain and the United States‬, Stevens‬, 1951.‬‬‬‬‬‬
5. Crawford J., Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law, OUP Oxford‬, 2012.
6. Dixon M., Textbook on International Law‬, Oxford University Press‬, 2007.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
7. Dugard J., Recognition and the United Nations, Grotius Publications Limited‬, 1987.‬‬‬
8. Hudson M. O., International Tribunals, Past and Future, Kessinger Publishing‬, 2008.
9. Rosenne Sh., Essays on International Law and Practice, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers‬, 2007.

Review: A bit more than 40 years ago three international legal concepts became subjects of discussion: the concept of international crimes committed by states, the concept of jus cogens norms and the concept of erga omnes obligations, which were aimed to bring the international community to the new level of interaction and consolidation. However, the positive consequences of the conceptual provisions of these concepts are not obvious, especially concerning their practical implementation. The international scientific community fails to resolve the problems of specific contents of these concepts, their correlation, in spite of the fact that they touch upon the fundamental issues of modern international interactions. That is why, it is important to analyze these three concepts, which have much in common, being rather different from each other, and to evaluate the positions of legal scholars in the sphere of international law on these concepts. The author considers that the key aspect, connecting the concept of international crimes committed by states, the concept of jus cogens norms and the concept of erga omnes obligations, is that all of these concepts presuppose a quality difference in consolidation and coordination of international community up to the development of the supranational level of government.

Keywords: the ICJ, international community, erga omnes obligations, jus cogens norms, international crimes committed by states, international law, the ILO, use of force, genocide, apartheid.

Contact information: Sazonova, Kira Lvovna, 119571, Russia, Moskva, pr. Vernadskogo, d. 82.

References:
1. Lukashuk I.I. Kontseptsiya prava mezhdunarodnoy otvetstvennosti // Gosudarstvo i pravo. M., 2003. ¹4. C. 79-84.
2. Abi-Saab G. The Uses of Article 19//European Journal of International Law. 1999. vol 10, no.2. pp. 339-351.
3. Crawford J. First report on State Responsibility. International Law Comission. 1998. A/CCN.4/490/Add.2.
4. Crawford J. Second Report on State Responsibility. International Law Comission 1999. A/CN.4/498.
5. Gaja G. Obligations Erga Omnes, International Crimes and Jus Cogens: A Tentative Analysis of Three Related Concepts. In International Crimes of State. Weiler J. H. H., Cassese A., Spinedi M. (eds.) 1989. 368 p.
6. Jorgensen N.H.B. The Responsibility of States for International Crimes. Oxford, 2000. (reprinted 2005). 331 p.
7. Koskenniemi M., Hierarchy in International Law: A Sketch//European Journal of International Law. 1997. Vol.
8. pp. 566-582. 8. Pellet A. Can a State Commit a Crime? Definitely, Yes!// European Journal of International Law. 1999. Vol. 10. No. 2 pp. 425–434.
9. Ragazzi M. The Concept of International Obligations Erga Omnes. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 1997. (reprinted in 2002). 264 p.
10. Simma B. Universality of International Law from the Perspective of a Practitioner//The European Journal of International Law. 2009. Vol. 20 no. 2. pp. 265-297.
11. Tomuschat S., Reconceptualizing the Debate on Jus Cogens and Obligations Erga Omnes—Concluding Observations. In The Fundamental Rules of International Legal Order. Tomuschat C., Thouvenin J.-M. (eds.), 2006. P. 471.
12. Vaurs-Chaumette A.-L. Peoples and Minorities. In The Law of International Responsibility, ed. J. Crawford, A. Pellet and S. Olleson, Oxford University Press, 2010. 1296 p.
13. Vaurs-Chaumette A.-L. The International Community as a Whole. In The Law of International Responsibility. J. Crawford, A. Pellet and S. Olleson (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2010.1296 p.

References (transliteration):
1. Lukashuk I.I. Kontseptsiya prava mezhdunarodnoy otvetstvennosti // Gosudarstvo i pravo. M., 2003. ¹4. C. 79-84.
2. Abi-Saab G. The Uses of Article 19//European Journal of International Law. 1999. vol 10, no.2. pp. 339-351.
3. Crawford J. First report on State Responsibility. International Law Comission. 1998. A/CCN.4/490/Add.2.
4. Crawford J. Second Report on State Responsibility. International Law Comission 1999. A/CN.4/498.
5. Gaja G. Obligations Erga Omnes, International Crimes and Jus Cogens: A Tentative Analysis of Three Related Concepts. In International Crimes of State. Weiler J. H. H., Cassese A., Spinedi M. (eds.) 1989. 368 p.
6. Jorgensen N.H.B. The Responsibility of States for International Crimes. Oxford, 2000. (reprinted 2005). 331 p.
7. Koskenniemi M., Hierarchy in International Law: A Sketch//European Journal of International Law. 1997. Vol.
8. pp. 566-582. 8. Pellet A. Can a State Commit a Crime? Definitely, Yes!// European Journal of International Law. 1999. Vol. 10. No. 2 pp. 425–434.
9. Ragazzi M. The Concept of International Obligations Erga Omnes. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 1997. (reprinted in 2002). 264 p.
10. Simma B. Universality of International Law from the Perspective of a Practitioner//The European Journal of International Law. 2009. Vol. 20 no. 2. pp. 265-297.
11. Tomuschat S., Reconceptualizing the Debate on Jus Cogens and Obligations Erga Omnes—Concluding Observations. In The Fundamental Rules of International Legal Order. Tomuschat C., Thouvenin J.-M. (eds.), 2006. P. 471.
12. Vaurs-Chaumette A.-L. Peoples and Minorities. In The Law of International Responsibility, ed. J. Crawford, A. Pellet and S. Olleson, Oxford University Press, 2010. 1296 p.
13. Vaurs-Chaumette A.-L. The International Community as a Whole. In The Law of International Responsibility. J. Crawford, A. Pellet and S. Olleson (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2010.1296 p.

Review: The article is devoted to the analysis of specific features of technology transfer to the developing states, which is traditionally enshrined in international documents and doctrine as technology transfer for the development purposes. The author evaluates three aspects of this issue. The first aspect presupposes analysis of legal bases for the access of developing states to the scientific and technical achievements. The most deep-rooted basis for it is their right for participation in scientific and technical progress and practical use of its results. The institution of international technology transfer serves as means of implementation of this right. Characterizing the functions of this institution, the author of this article points out its contradictory character. It means that technology transfer does not fully facilitate scientific and technical innovative potential of the developing states. As a result, the global technological gap is being preserved. At the same time, it does not conform to the provisions of the modern international law (both hard and soft law), providing for the right of developing states to the access to technologies achieved by scientific and technological progress. Much analysis is devoted to the second aspect, which includes characteristic features of rights and obligations of developed and developing states within the framework of their scientific and technological cooperation. This peculiarity is shown as lack of symmetry, reflecting inequalities of potentials, but providing for a large amount of rights for the developing states. At the same time, one of the modern tendencies is recognition for the responsibility of developing states for their scientific and technological development. This issue serves as a basis for the correction of the principle of assisting the scientific and technological development of developing states, which is the third aspect of analysis by the author of this article. The author analyzes specific empiric materials in order to reflect the degree of implementation of international treaty provisions on technology transfer to the developing states. The main conclusions provided in this article include recognition for the need to develop mechanisms of technology transfer, which would strengthen scientific and technical potential of developing states.

Keywords: scientific and technical progress, globalization, developing states, development assistance, human rights, scientific and technical potential, development financing, technology transfer, technological gap, right for development.

Contact information: Shugurov, Mark Vladimirovich, 410056, Russia, Saratov, ul. Volskaya, d.1, SGYA, korp.5 kab 621

References:
1. Anufrieva L.P. Sotrudnichestvo v oblasti nauki i tekhniki mezhdu sotsialisticheskimi i razvivayushchimisya stranami. Pravovye voprosy. M., 1987.
2. Vittsum V., Bote M., Klyayn E. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. Per. s nemetskogo. M., 2011.
3. Nekrasov A.Ya. Razvivayushchiesya strany v ekonomicheskikh programmakh OON. M., 1975.
4. Petrusheva L.B. Mezhdunarodnoe tekhnicheskoe sotrudnichestvo i razvivayushchiesya strany. M., 1975. S. 3.
5. Shugurov M.V. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie peredachi tekhnolo-giy v usloviyakh globalizatsii // Moskovskiy zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava. 2012. ¹ 1.
6. Shugurov M.V. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i tekhnologicheskiy razryv // Pravo i politika. 2011. ¹ 5.
7. Shumilov V.M. Mezhdunarodnoe ekonomicheskoe pravo. 5-e izd. M., 2011.
8. Ahmed A., Stein J. Science, technology and sustainable development: a world review // World Review of science, technology and sustainable development. 2004. Vol. 1. No 1.
9. Battese G., Prasada Rao D. Technology gap, efficiency, and a stochastic metafrontier function // International journal of business and economics. 2002. Vol. 1. ¹ 2.
10. Blakeney M. Transfer of technology and developing Nations // Fordham international law journal. Volume
11. Issue 4. 1987. 11.Boulle L. The law of globalization: an introduction. 2009.
12. Cohen G. Technology transfer: strategic management in developing countries. New Deli, 2004
13. Dahlman C. Technology, globalization, and international competitiveness: Challenges for developing countries // Industrial development for 21st century: sustainable development perspectives. Ed. by D. O'Connor, M. Kjollerstrom. N.Y., 2007.
14. Kariyawasam R. International economic law and digital divide: new silk road? Cheltenham, 2007.
15. Murelli E. Breaking the digital divide: implications for developing countries. London, 2002.
16. Technology transfer bulletin. TRI-PP-98-13. June 1998. Peel J. Science and risk regulation in international law. The role of science, uncer-tainly and values. Cambridge, 2010.
17. Headrick D. The tentackles of progress: technology transfer in the age of imperialism, 1850 – 1940. Oxford, 1988.
18. Hoekman B.M., Smarzynska Javorcik B.K. Global integration and technology transfer. World Bank, 2006.
19. Saggi K. International technology transfer to developing countries. World Bank, 2004.
20. Technology diffusion in third world. New Delhi, 2002. Thomson M. Discours, «development» and «digital divide»: ICT and the World Bank // Review of African political economy. 2004. Vol. 31. Issue ¹ 99.
21. Yusuf A. Transfer of technology // International law: achievement and protects. Ed. by M. Bedjaui. Dordrecht, 1991.

References (transliteration):
1. Anufrieva L.P. Sotrudnichestvo v oblasti nauki i tekhniki mezhdu sotsialisticheskimi i razvivayushchimisya stranami. Pravovye voprosy. M., 1987.
2. Vittsum V., Bote M., Klyayn E. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. Per. s nemetskogo. M., 2011.
3. Nekrasov A.Ya. Razvivayushchiesya strany v ekonomicheskikh programmakh OON. M., 1975.
4. Petrusheva L.B. Mezhdunarodnoe tekhnicheskoe sotrudnichestvo i razvivayushchiesya strany. M., 1975. S. 3.
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Review: The present article is devoted to a burning question about responsibility for using force as a part of the institution of responsibility in international law. Over half a century the problem of responsibility has been one of the least regulated branches of law because it is closely connected with such debatable legal aspects as the problem of state sovereignty and the issues of the legitimate and non-legitimate use of force in international law. The author analyzes the grounds of such responsibility, the definition of guilt and views of different researchers on the problem of responsibility in general. It can be assumed that the problem of coding the question about responsibility can further create the problem of realization of such responsibility because this institution is at the intersection of law and politics. State responsibility for using force should be always discussed and underlined by the academic society because the development of the institution of responsibility would allow to establish order in modern international relations and reduce the frequency of illegal use of force. It would also denote the beginning of a new stage in international law development.

Keywords: Law studies, responsibility, force, right, institution, codification, state, guilt, branch, project.

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References (transliteration):
1. Bekyashev K.A. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo, M., 2005.
2. Brounli Ya. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo, M., 1977.
3. Kotlyar V.S. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i sovremennye strategicheskie kontseptsii SShA i NATO. M., 2008.
4. Kotlyarov I.I. Mezhdunarodnoe gumanitarnoe pravo. M. 2003.
5. Kuris P.M. Mezhdunarodnye pravonarusheniya i otvetstvennost' gosudarstv. Vil'nyus, 1973.
6. Lukashuk I.I. Pravo mezhdunarodnoy otvetstvennosti. M., 2004.
7. Lukashuk I.I. Kontseptsiya prava mezhdunarodnoy otvetstvennosti // Gosudarstvo i pravo. M., 2003. ¹4.
8. Maleev Yu.N. Organizatsiya Ob'edinennykh Natsiy i primenenie vooruzhennoy sily gosudarstvami. 60 let OON. 50 let Rossiyskoy assotsiatsii sodeystviya OON. M., iz-vo RUDN, 2006.
9. Rezolyutsiya «Opredelenie agressii» General'noy Assamblei OON 3314 (XXIX) ot 14 dekabrya 1974 g. http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/aggression.shtml
10. International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg), Judgment and Sentences, October 1, 1946. http://werle.rewi.hu-berlin.de/IMTJudgment.pdf