Abstract: The author reveals the inconsistency of judicial practice on the issue of the private legal status of beneficial owners (final beneficiaries, beneficiaries) of a legal entity: in cases of challenging decisions of general meetings of participants and transactions of such legal entities, courts without proper references to the legal basis tend to recognize the beneficiaries of the right to appropriate claims, and in disputes over their demands for information the activities of the corporate entities actually controlled by them are denied on the grounds of the lack of grounds for applying the analogy of the law, considering the silence of the legislator about the relevant protective instrument of the beneficiary qualified. Due to the absence of special rules on the presence or absence of analyzed protective capabilities of beneficial owners, the effectiveness of analogy as a traditional means of overcoming legal gaps has been tested. The prospects of the analogical introduction of the public-law concept of "beneficial owner" into the structure of the private-law status of legal entities are evaluated. The development of a formal approach based on the absence of a direct legal connection of the beneficiary with the organization controlled by them is not excluded. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a unified judicial approach to the possibility of an analogical application of public-law rules on the figure of beneficial owners to private-law relations with their indirect participation before the legislative solution of the issue under study.

Keywords: qualified silence of the legislator, legal gaps, subsidiary liability, conduit organization, beneficiary, indirect claim, analogy of the law, controlling person, final beneficiary, beneficial owner

References:
Alekseeva, D. G. (2018). Refusing: Bank powers in relation to suspicious transactions of clients: issues on compliance with private and public interests. Banking Law, 4, pp. 9–17.
Belova, M. & Makin, R. (2019). Double (multiple) derivative actions: a comparative legal review and some considerations on this institution prospects in the Russian law. Russian School of Private Law Magazine, 2, pp. 92–103.
Volkov, A. V. & Blinkov, O. E. (2019). Business fragmentation: legal problems. Perm University Bulletin. Legal Sciences, 2, pp. 261–280.
Gutnikov, O. V. (2021). Development of corporate responsibility in judicial practice. Russian Law Magazine, 6, pp. 48–65.
Zavyalov, M. M. (2022). Financial monitoring of EPCM contracts of the largest taxpayers in the oil and gas industry. Financial Law, 4, pp. 41–44.
Krokhina, Yu. A. (2022). Implementation of the beneficial owner concept in order to establish liability for tax

Abstract: The subject of the study within the framework of the designated topic is the judicial decisions of Russian and foreign law enforcement officers in order to determine the correctness of understanding the essential content of the provisions on the reasonableness of the duration of the criminal proceedings. The statistical data of appeals to the European Court of Human Rights in the period from 1959 to 2020 by Russian citizens is analyzed. The peak period was 2013, when two complaints about the length of the trial in a criminal case in Russia really found their confirmation. At the same time, Russian courts annually consider about 100 complaints about "procrastination" or "red tape". Such complaints and relevant decisions have become the subject of this article. The authors came to the conclusion that out of a significant number of applicants' complaints about the violation of international rules on the reasonableness of the terms of the criminal process, only a few were real. This, on the one hand, indicates the absence in Russian judicial practice of a clear understanding of the consistency of the provisions of article 6 of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. On the other hand, it allows us to draw a conclusion about the independent position of the Russian courts when considering criminal cases on the merits and the impossibility of imposing European standards for the application of Russian law. At the same time, the authors have identified the main elements of the realization of the right to a reasonable period of criminal proceedings based on the analysis of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights recognized by Russia, which can contribute to the optimization of Russian judicial practice and serve as a promise for improving legislative techniques in the field of criminal jurisdiction.

Keywords: compensation for harm, European Court of Justice, specifics of criminal procedure legislation, Convention, fair judicial decision, the appropriate period of time, independence of the court, duration of the trial, a reasonable time, criminal proceedings

References:
Alekseev, I.M. (2020). On the issue of compliance with the norm on a reasonable period of criminal proceedings of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Society and law, 1 (71), 37-40.
Bogoslovskaya, E.V. (2021). Quantitative and qualitative criteria for a reasonable period of criminal proceedings. Siberian Anthropological Journal, 5, 4, 123-128. DOI 10.31804/2542-1816-2021-5-4-123-18.
Bulanova, O.V. (2020). Certain aspects of law enforcement that entail violation of the international standard for a reasonable period of criminal proceedings at pre-trial stages. Russian Justice, 6, 39-40.
Zhazyk processindegs mөөnөttөr (2020). In A.K. Polotbekova, E. A. Borbaev, G. M. Ziyadinova, K. N. Zhumali. Science, new technologies and innovations of Kyrgyzstan, 9, 161-164. – DOI 10.26104/NNTIK.2019.45.557.
Ziyatova, Zh. K. (2022). Legislation of foreign countries on compensation for harm in criminal proceedings (legal analysis). Bulletin of the Institute of Law and Legal Info

Abstract: The subject of research of this article is the norms of substantive and procedural law governing the activities of the arbitration manager in the framework of bankruptcy procedures, as well as law enforcement practice for the organization of such activities. The object of the research is the legal relations arising in the bankruptcy proceedings in order to improve the debtor's financial health, achieve a balance of interests of all participants by endowing the arbitration manager with a special professional competence established by the bankruptcy legislation.
The author reveals the contradictions that arise between theoretically fixed normative provisions and their practical implementation. The features and problems in the activities of the arbitration manager associated with the lack of legal regulation of the fundamental aspects of the activities of such a professional entity are identified. To conduct the research, the author used a methodology that includes an analytical review of regulatory legal and scientific literature on the subject of research, generalization of data, and the formation of proposals to resolve the identified problems.
The main conclusions of this study concerned the importance of the institute of arbitration management, the legal status of the arbitration manager, the criteria of his interest in the legal relations under consideration for a balanced assessment of existing legislation, its problems and prospects for development in order to overcome the legal vacuum in the area under study.
The result of the work is the original author's suggestions and recommendations. In particular, the definition of arbitration management is formulated; it is proposed at the legislative level to adopt a single Federal Law on the legal status and activities of arbitration managers, to create a state system of professional training of arbitration managers.

Keywords: the prospects, problems, means of legal regulation, legal basis, arbitration management, arbitration manager, bankruptcy procedure, bankruptcy, legal vacuum, professional subject

References:
The Constitution of the Russian Federation of 12 Dec. 1993: with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on 01.07.2020 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru [Official Internet Portal of Legal information] (accessed 24.05.2022).
Federal Law No. 127-FZ of 26.10.2002 "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)" (ed. of 30.12.2021, with amendments. from 03.02.2022), (with amendments and additions, intro. effective from 01.03.2022) [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru [Official Internet portal of legal information] (accessed 24.05.2022).
The decision of the Thirteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal (13 AAC) of November 30, 2021 in case no. A56-22188/2021 [Electronic resource].-URL: https://sudact.ru/arbitral/doc (date of appeal 24.05.2022).
Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Khabarovsk Territory of December 6, 2021 in case No. A73-20840/2018 [Electronic resource].-URL: https://sudact.ru/arbitral/doc (accessed 24.05.2022).
Bazarova N.A. Problems of the legal status of an ar

Abstract: The subject of the study is the legal conditions of mitigation (mitigation) of project risks, the bearing of which is assigned to the contractor by the terms of the EPC contract. One of the key features of the EPC contract, an agreement concluded for the implementation of an investment and construction project on a turnkey basis, is the maximum assignment to the contractor of risks associated with the failure to achieve the goals of the project. It is believed that the EPC contractor, as a professional and highly qualified representative of the construction industry, is able to manage project risks more effectively than the customer. The assignment of risk by the terms of the contract proforma to one of the parties implies the need to use organizational, economic and legal means to mitigate (mitigate) the burden of risk. This work is aimed at identifying civil legal means used by the contractor to mitigate the harmful effects of events and actions, the risk of which is assigned to him by the terms of the EPC contract and establishing the possibility of using these means in the conditions of the Russian legal system. Its achievement involves a comparative analysis of the model EPC contract - a model contract of the International Federation of Consulting Engineers for turnkey projects (FIDIC Silver Book 2017) and the norms of Russian civil legislation.
В В В В В  The results of the study indicate that it is possible in principle to apply the conditions of the 2017 FIDIC Silver Book, which establish means of mitigating the contractor's burden of bearing risks, in the conditions of Russian legislation, taking into account the following exceptions:
(1) a security payment cannot be used as a means of mitigating the consequences of non-fulfillment by the contractor of a natural obligation;
(2) compensation for property losses cannot be applied in the event of an unlawful claim by the customer for a guarantee of performance of contractual obligations provided by the contractor.
The interrelated application of several civil legal means is aimed, ultimately, their application contributes to the achievement of the project goals, which is in the sphere of interests of both parties to the contract.

Keywords: Compensation of property losses, Security payment, Independent performance guarantee, Contractor, IPS contract, FIDIC, Mitigation of risks, Comparative Law, The Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Construction contract

References:
Huse J. Understanding and Negotiating Turnkey and EPC Contracts. – London : Sweet & Maxwell, 2009. – 974 p.
Guide to the Management Body of Knowledge Project (PMBOK Guide).-%th ed.-PMI, 2013.-586 p.
Varavenko V.E Adaptation of the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) Model Contracts to the Russian Law. Comparative Legal Study: monograph / V.E. Varavenko.-Moscow, 2021.-184 p.
Conditions of Contract for EPC / Turnkey Projects (Silver Book). – 2-nd edition. General Conditions. – Geneva : FIDIC, 2017. – 102 p.
Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part I): Federal Law dd. 30.11.1994 № 51-ФЗ (edited by Federal Law dd. 16.12.2019 № 430-ФЗ). – URL : http://www.consultant.ru.
Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part II): Federal Law dd. 26.01.1996 № 14-ФЗ (edited by Federal Law dd. 18.03.2019 № 34-ФЗ). – URL : http://www.consultant.ru.
Contract Law & Law of Obligations (General Part): article-by-article comment to Articles 307–453 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federat

Abstract: This article analyzes the legislative wording of the motion for judgment of acquittal, which from the perspective of the Russian language rules creates ambiguity for making a rehabilitating decision. This in turn, leads to the fact that the theory of criminal procedure features different interpretations of such terms as “failure of evidence” and “lack of proof” used in the Article 302 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation to denote the circumstances for acquittal of the defendant. Similar technical and legal inaccuracies are not only the subject of scientific discussion, but also carry practical importance, since the accurate determination of facts that comprise the grounds for the judgment of acquittal depends whether the court finds the defendant not guilty. The conclusion is made that the existing form of articulation of the grounds for the judgment of acquittal is not unified. Taking into account the Articles 299 and 339 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, the author agrees with the need for validating “negative facts” in the course of acquittal procedure. The author forms an opinion on feasibility of omitting the term “lack of proof” in the text of the law, since by virtue of the principle of presumption of innocence, acquittal of the defendant without additional regulation is equally possible in the instance of proof of the absence of circumstances specified in law or failure to proof.

Keywords: non-involvement, unproven, absence, presumption of innocence, acquitting, grounds for acquittal, acquittal, innocence, justice, guilt

References:
Oganesyan R. M. Opravdatel'nyi prigovor v sovetskom ugolovnom protsesse: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 1970. 31 s.
Mironova M. A. Neustanovlenie sobytiya prestupleniya kak osnovanie opravdaniya – analiz ponyatiya // Sovremennaya nauka: aktual'nye voprosy teorii i praktiki. Seriya: Ekonomika i Pravo. 2017. №. 6. S. 62 – 64.
Sukhanova N. N. Postanovlenie opravdatel'nogo prigovora v rossiiskom ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve: avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Irkutsk, 2008. 24 s.
Aleksandrova O. Yu. Opravdatel'nyi prigovor v ugolovnom protsesse: teoreticheskie osnovy i pravoprimenitel'naya praktika: avtoref. dis. …kand. yurid. nauk. Omsk, 2005. 23 s.
Libus I. A. Prezumptsiya nevinovnosti i prekrashcheniya ugolovnykh del // Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo. 1981. № 7. S. 62 – 70.
Panokin A. M. Neustanovlennye obstoyatel'stva soversheniya prestupleniya: problemy dokazyvaniya // Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava. 2015. № 11. S. 90 – 94. Dostup iz Sprav. pravovoi sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus» (data obra

Abstract: The institution of testamentary trust, which was Introduced as a result of the 2018 Russian inheritance law reform  and updated with the amendments to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation coming into force in March 2022, aims to ensure the efficient and lossless succession of assets by Russian citizens. The question is raised whether the current regulation of norms describing the process of incorporation meets the criteria of reasonableness and is it capable to mediate the uninterrupted transfer of the mass of succession from the control of the deceased testator to the testamentary trust. The examination of all technical legal procedures related to the emergence of a new heir allows assessing the immediacy of succession by the testamentary trust, detecting the existing flaws in legal regulation that complicate the implementation of rights and legitimate interests of the testator and beneficiaries of the testamentary trust. There are currently no scientific research dedicated to the procedure for establishing testamentary trust from the perspective of practical implementation of all stages of this process. The scientific novelty is substantiated by the absence of law enforcement practice; the testamentary trusts are not duly registered in the Russian Federation. In conclusion, the author indicates the complicated regulation of the capability of the notary to comply with the shortest terms set for the creation of testamentary trust. The author also believe that the requirement for the filing order of receiving the affidavit of heirship by the testamentary trust is unnecessary.

Keywords: inheritance, testator, beneficiaries, business, inheritance law, legal entity registration, foundation, inheritance found, heir, the will

References:
V 2021 godu notariusy smogut rabotat' udalenno [Elektronnyi resurs] // Rossiiskaya gazeta [sait]. [01.01.2021]. URL: https://rg.ru/2021/01/01/v-2021-godu-notariusy-smogut-rabotat-udalenno.html (data obrashcheniya: 14.10.2021)
Voprosy Ministerstva yustitsii Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Elektronnyi resurs]: Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 13.10.2004 N 1313: v red. ot 02.09.2021. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoi sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Kodeks professional'noi etiki notariusov v Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Elektronnyi resurs]: utv. Minyustom Rossii 12.08.2019, 19.01.2016: v red. ot 23.04.2019. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoi sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po oformleniyu nasledstvennykh prav [Elektronnyi resurs]: utv. resheniem Pravleniya Federal'noi notarial'noi palaty ot 25 marta 2019 g., protokol № 03/19. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoi sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Nasledstvennoe pravo: postateinyi kommentarii k stat'yam 1110–1185, 1224 Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Elektronnoe izdanie. Redak

Abstract: Succession law implies several types of testament, one of which is the testament in emergency circumstances. From the scientific perspective, such form of expression of will is referred to as atypical and acts as a subject of this research. Such method of documentation of the last will of the testator is intended to facilitate the usual form of testament due to the extraordinariness of the situation the person found himself in. However, the analysis of the civil legislation of the Russian Federation and judicial practice demonstrates that the norms on the testament in emergency circumstances contain more impediments than facilitation of the procedure. This determines the problem of the legal phenomenon under review. The article examines the norms of succession law that regulate the testament in emergency circumstances, doctrinal provisions on the effectiveness of its legal regulation, as well as judicial practice on the matter for the detecting the problems and ambiguities of this legal phenomenon, which is given special attention, since all shortcomings of the legislator are usually manifested through law enforcement. The novelty of this research lies in analysis of the practice of application of the institution of testament disposal in emergency circumstances in order to determine the range of relevant issues and proposals aimed at the improvement of legal regulation of the atypical form of testament. The conclusion is made on the possibility of using electronic or technical means for certification of testament in emergency circumstances; refutation of the provisions of the Chapter 2, Paragraph 1 of the Article 1129 that stipulate the validity of such testament, presence of two witnesses, and handwritten expression of last will with the signature of the testator as mandatory requirements; need for legislative consolidation of the signs of extraordinariness of situation, and determination of situations that should be regarded by law enforcement officials as life-threatening, which also include sudden deterioration of health.

Keywords: court practice, current problems, method of fixation, threat to life, extraordinary circumstances, atypical forms of will, inheritance law, notary, legislative trends, technical means

References:
Konstitutsiya Rossiiskoi Federatsii: prinyata vsenarodnym golosovaniem 12.12.1993 (s izmeneniyami, odobrennymi v khode obshcherossiiskogo golosovaniya 01.07.2020) // SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus». – URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_28399/ (data obrashcheniya: 15.08.2021).
Portnova E.V. Ponyatie i predposylki pravovoi reglamentatsii netipichnoi formy zaveshchaniya / E.V. Portnova, Yu.Yu. Pchelyakova // Nauka. Obshchestvo. Gosudarstvo. – 2021. – № 1 (33). – S. 124-130.
Grazhdanskii kodeks Rossiiskoi Federatsii: Federal'nyi zakon ot 30.11.1994 N 51-FZ (posl. red. ot 28.06.2021 N 225-FZ) // SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus». – URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_5142/ (data obrashcheniya: 15.08.2021).
El'kina O.O. K voprosu o netipichnykh formakh sostavleniya zaveshchaniya / O.O. El'kina // Alleya nauki. – 2020. – № 1(40). – S. 547-550.
Andropova T.V. Nasledovanie po zaveshchaniyu: netipichnye formy zaveshchaniya i vozmozhnost' ispol'zovaniya novykh tekhnologii / T.V. Andropova

Abstract: The subject of this research is the criminal prosecution of cases established by the Part 2 of the Article 20 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, which is carried out in private capacity and significantly modifies the rights and responsibilities of the parties to criminal proceedings. Pursuant to the general rule, the state authorities and officials do not carry out private prosecution cases. In view of this, close attention is given the procedural activity of private prosecutor, who is vested the right in application of measures of state coercion, but entrusted with responsibility on formulating, proving, and pressing charges in court. Retrospective analysis of the Russian criminal procedure legislation reveals that modern legislation has no legal succession of the centuries-long experience of classifying a range of offences as cases of private prosecution. The author believes that the list of cases of private prosecution can be extended by taking into account the provisions of the Criminal Law and Practice Statute 1864, Regulations of Punishments Imposed by Justices of the Peace, which enables reconciliation of the parties and entails unconditional termination of proceedings in certain categories of minor offences. This would ensure the effective implementation of criminal proceedings, restoration of social and legal justice, and accessibility of justice to general public.

Keywords: reconciliation, accused, private prosecutor, private prosecution cases, special production, participants in criminal proceedings, criminal process, interests of the victim, mediation, criminal action

References:
Anikina E. I. Proizvodstvo po delam chastnogo obvineniya: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Saransk, 2000. S. 142; Kharchenko I. R. Problemy ugolovnogo presledovaniya, osushchestvlyaemogo v chastnom poryadke, v rossiiskom ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Krasnodar, 2004. S. 17.
Bezobrazov V.P. Mysli po povodu mirovoi sudebnoi vlasti. M., 1886. S.6.
Voskresenskii N.A. Zakonodatel'nye akty Petra I. T. 1. M., L., 1945. S. 129-130.
Koni A.F. Na zhiznennom puti. M., 1913. T.1. S. 914.
Postanovlenie VTsIK ot 15.02.1923 «Ob utverzhdenii Ugolovno-Protsessual'nogo Kodeksa R.S.F.S.R.» (vmeste s Ugolovno-Protsessual'nym Kodeksom R.S.F.S.R.) // SU RSFSR. 1923. № 7. St. 106.
Rossiiskaya gazeta, N 149, 08.07.2016
Rossiiskoe zakonodatel'stvo Kh–KhKh vekov: v 9 t. / pod obshch. red. O. I. Chistyakova. M., 1984. T. 1: Zakonodatel'stvo Drevnei Rusi. S. 65-360
Sobornoe Ulozhenie 1649 goda // Dostup iz SPS Garant (data obrashcheniya 10.10.2020).
Sudebnik 1497 goda// Rossiisk

Abstract: The subject of this research is the issues emerging in consideration of jurisdiction of the material on extradition of a foreign citizen by the Russian Federation. The article touches upon the peculiarities of national and territorial aspect of jurisdiction, and its specific regulation in the criminal procedure law. The article employs the general scientific and private scientific methods, such as scientific analysis, generalization, comparative-legal, formal-logical, which allowed to most fully reflect the essence and problematic aspects of the selected topic. The question at hand is of major importance for the theory of criminal procedure and law enforcement practice, as the mistakes in determination of jurisdiction of the material are a severe violation of the rights, including the convict, and entail the unconditional annulment of court decision. The analysis of the most common mistakes occurred in application of the norms regulating the jurisdiction of extradition of a foreign citizen convicted by the court of the Russian Federation, as well as theoretical issues associated with determination of the court that deals with the particular issue allows outlining the vector and finding solution to the indicated problems.

Keywords: exclusive jurisdiction, imprisonment, execution of the sentence, foreign citizens, jurisdiction, transfer of convicts, protection of rights, territorial jurisdiction, criminal procedural law, criminal procedure

References:
Chervotkin A.S. Protsessual'nye osobennosti rassmotreniya voprosov, voznikayushchikh na stadii ispolneniya prigovora // Rossiiskaya yustitsiya. 2015. № 10. S. 23–27.
Kachalov V.I. Proizvodstvo po ispolneniyu itogovykh sudebnykh reshenii v rossiiskom ugolovnom protsesse: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. M., 2017. – 492 s.
Sudebnoe proizvodstvo v ugolovnom protsesse Rossiiskoi Federatsii: nauchno-prakticheskoe posobie po primeneniyu Ugolovno-protsessual'nogo kodeksa Rossiiskoi Federatsii / V.V. Doroshkov i dr.; pod obshchei red. V.M. Lebedeva. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. – M.: Yurait, 2011. – 999 s.
Ugolovno-protsessual'nyi kodeks Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 18.12.2001 № 174-FZ // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus» (data obrashcheniya: 16.04.2021)
Zakon goroda Sevastopolya ot 25.07.2014 N 50-ZS «O mirovykh sud'yakh goroda Sevastopolya». Elektronnyi resurs. URL: https://rg.ru/2014/08/05/sevastopol-zakon50-reg-dok.html (Data obrashcheniya:15.04.2021).
Zakon Respubliki Krym ot 01.09.2014 N 61-ZRK «O mirovykh sud'yakh

Abstract: The subject of this research is the legal norms on the procedure for excluding the property necessary for debtor’s professional activity from the bankruptcy estate. The article covers the question on the possibility of excluding property necessary for the debtor to conduct professional activity, the value of which is 10,000 rubles or higher, from the bankruptcy estate. The goal of this works consists in consideration of a broader interpretation of provisions of the Paragraph 5 of the Part 1 of the Article 446 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation jointly with clarifications of the Paragraph 2 of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of December 25, 2018 No. 48 “On Certain Questions related to the Peculiarities of Formation and Distribution of the Bankruptcy Estate in Cases of Bankruptcy of Citizens” applicable to property of the debtor within the framework of insolvency (bankruptcy) procedure. The author analyzes the relevant civil legislation and insolvency (bankruptcy) law, as well as case law on topic. This article is one of the first attempts to systematize the relevant case law on the subject of exclusion of property necessary for debtor to conduct professional activity from the bankruptcy estate. Based on the results of analysis of the case law, national civil legislation and insolvency (bankruptcy)l law, the conclusion is made on impossibility of exclusion of property used by the debtor for professional activity, the value of which exceeds 10,000 rubles, from the bankruptcy estate in view of the failure of the economic model used by the citizen to ensure a normal life. The author questions the need to extend executive privilege onto the debtor’s property, which is required to conduct professional activity under the insolvency (bankruptcy) law.

Keywords: property immunity, abuse of a right, exclusion of the vehicle, foreclosure on property, property rights, bankruptcy estate, professional studies, bankruptcy of individuals, exclusion of property, insolvency

References:
Opredelenie Arbitrazhnogo suda Belgorodskoi oblasti ot 03.12.2019 po delu № A08-8729/2019 // SPS «Konsul'tant-Plyus».
Karapetov A.G., Matvienko S.V., Moroz A.I., Safonova M.V., Fetisova E.M. Obzor pravovykh pozitsii Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiiskoi Federatsii po voprosam chastnogo prava za iyul' 2020 g. // Vestnik ekonomicheskogo pravosudiya Rossiiskoi Federatsii. 2020. № 9. S. 23 - 36.
Postanovlenie Arbitrazhnogo suda Dal'nevostochnogo okruga ot 07.11.2018 № F03-4658/2018 po delu № A73-5585/2018 // SPS «Konsul'tant-Plyus».
Postanovlenie Pyatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 09.10.2018 № 05AP-6965/2018, 05AP-6968/2018 po delu № A24-3609/2016 // SPS «Konsul'tant-Plyus».
Postanovlenie Desyatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 26.11.2019 № 10AP-17182/2019 po delu № A41-86661/2017 // SPS «Konsul'tant-Plyus».
Postanovlenie Odinnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 11.09.2018 № 11AP-12534/2018 po delu № A55-1819/2017 // SPS «Konsul'tant-Plyus».
Postanovlenie Shestogo a

Abstract: The subject of this research is the similarities and differences between the contract forms developed by the international nongovernmental organizations for application in the sphere of investment construction activity (contracts terms for engineering, procurement, construction/ for turnkey projects, second edition of 2017, developed by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), framework “turnkey” contract for large projects, first edition of 2007, developed by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)) and the norms of national civil legislation (Parts I and II of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) that regulate unilateral termination of construction contracts. The novelty of this research lies in conducting a comparative analysis of Russian legislation and contract forms developed by the international nongovernmental organizations. The examination of foreign experience in the sphere of legal regulation of termination of contract are based on analysis of the norms of contract law of the national legal systems of foreign countries. However, according to the foreign authors, contract law within the systems of both, general and continental law, was developing in seclusion, without substantial influence of one national system upon another. International influence upon the national contract law emerged relatively recently in the sphere of foreign economic activity. At the same time, the key factor for mutual enrichment of the national systems of contract law became the use of international contract forms, which contributed to the unification of contractual regulation of the relations of obligation in national jurisdictions. Their influence upon the development of contract law was far more substantial than even the development of international conventions with substantive law regulations.

Keywords: Civil Legislation, Model Turnkey Contract, Silver Book, International Chamber of Commerce, International Federation of Consulting-Engineers, Termination of a contract, Construction Contract, Comparative Study, Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Relational Contracts

References:
Kontseptsiya razvitiya grazhdanskogo zakonodatel'stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii (odobrena resheniem Soveta pri Prezidente RF po kodifikatsii i sovershenstvovaniyu grazhdanskogo zakonodatel'stva ot 07.10.2009) / [Elektronnyi resurs] / SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
Karapetov A.G. Osnovnye tendentsii pravovogo regulirovaniya rastorzheniya narushennogo dogovora v zarubezhnom i rossiiskom grazhdanskom prave. Diss. d.yu.n. M., 2011. – 499 s.
Karapetov A.G. Ekonomicheskii analiz prava. – M., 2016. – 528 s.
Stoun R. Sovremennoe dogovornoe pravo. 5-e izd. – London, 2002. – 503 s. (na angliiskom yazyke).
Varavenko V.E. Deyatel'nost' Mezhdunarodnoi federatsii inzhenerov konsul'tantov (FIDIC) po razrabotke tipovykh dogovorov kak mekhanizm sblizheniya natsional'nykh pravovykh sistem // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii. 2016. № 2. s. 231-237.
Grazhdanskii kodeks Rossiiskoi Federatsii (chast' pervaya): federal'nyi zakon ot 30.11.1994 № 51-FZ / [Elektronnyi resurs] / SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
Graz

Abstract: The subject of this research is such legal phenomenon as the abuse of post by an employee in form concealment of information. The author analyzes the labor law, determines the gaps in legal regulation of the questions of abuse of position by employees. The article examines most common instances of abuse of post by employees in form of concealment of legally important facts from the employer, as well as carries out their classification by cases of concealment of information in the hiring process, in course of exercising their labor rights, and in termination of employment contract. The author underlines the inequality of the status of employer and employee with regards to protection by against the abuse of the opposite party of labor agreement. It is established that the range of the methods of protection of interests of the employer is limited, while an employee is in a much better position from the legal perspective. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive analysis of legislative gaps in the area of regulation of misconduct of employees in the form of concealment of information. The author offers the mechanism for preventing the abuse of post by employees in the form of concealment of information, which is based on inclusion into local regulatory acts of the norms aimed at protection of rights and interests of the employer.

Keywords: temporary disability, withholding of information, abuse of the right, termination of an employment contract, hiring, employer, employee, labor rights, limits on the exercise of rights, dishonest actions of the employee

References:
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 30.11.1994 №51-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 1994. №32. St. 3301
Trudovoy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 30.12.2001 №197-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2002. №1. St.3
Federal'nyy zakon ot 27.07.2006 N 152-FZ "O personal'nykh dannykh"//Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 31.07.2006, N 31 (1 ch.), St. 3451.
FZ Federal'nyy zakon ot 20.07.2012 N 125-FZ "O donorstve krovi i ee komponentov""//Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 23.07.12, №30, St.4176.
Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 17.03.2004 g. №2 «O primenenii sudami Rossiyskoy Federatsii Trudovogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Byulleten' Verkhovnogo Suda RF. 2004. №6.
Mamedova A.T. Zloupotreblenie trudovymi pravami: problemy teorii i praktiki // Rossiyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. 2014. №1. S.27.
Nikiforov O.V. Mekhanizmy zashchity trudovykh prav rabotodateley ot nedobrosovestnykh rabotnikov // Sinergiya nauk. 2019. №36. S.570-578.
Ofman E.M. Zloupotreblenie pravom sub'ektami trudovy

Abstract: The subject of this article is the activity of the prosecuting attorney in the maintenance of public prosecution. The research methodology includes dialectical, logical, formal-legal, and hermeneutical methods. The legal framework for this research is comprised of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, criminal procedure legislation, as well as local normative acts regulating the questions of participation of prosecutors in the judicial stages of criminal proceedings. Emphasis is made on the questions of theoretical and applied nature, related to consideration of criminal case materials by the prosecutor. The article explores the positions of scholars regarding prosecutor’s preparation for the legal proceedings, specificity of prosecutor's work at the stage of preparing for maintenance of state prosecution in court. The conclusion is formulated that the effectiveness of maintenance of prosecuting attorney depends on the level of his preparation to the legal proceedings, which includes examination of criminal case materials. The author highlights two key stages of preparation of the prosecutor to maintenance of public prosecution: examination and subsequent evaluation of criminal case materials; participation in the preliminary hearing and fundamental consideration of criminal case .The author believes that activity of the prosecutor is aimed at formation of inner conviction and maintenance of prosecution in court.

Keywords: order of investigation of evidence, shortcomings of preliminary investigation, completeness of evidence, other documents, procedural documents, analysis of evidence, criminal case materials, maintaining public prosecution, methods of scientific knowledge, trial

References:
Kirillova N.P. Protsessual'nye funktsii professional'nykh uchastnikov sostyazatel'nogo sudebnogo razbiratel'stva ugolovnykh del. SPb.: Izd. dom S.-Peterb. gos.un-ta, Izd-vo yurid.fakul'teta SPbGU, 2007. S.285.
Nalimov G.I. Podgotovka gosudarstvennogo obvinitelya k uchastiyu v sudebnom razbiratel'stve // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. 2007. № 8 (13). S.184.
Belkin R.S. Kurs kriminalistiki. M.:YuNITI-DANA, 2001. S. 501.
Barkalova E.V. Analiz i otsenka prokurorom rezul'tatov sledstvennykh deystviy. SPb.: SPb yurid. in-t General'noy prokuratury RF, 2017.S.7.
Isaenko, V.N. Kriterii kompleksnoy otsenki prokurorom materialov predvaritel'nogo rassledovaniya // Zakonnost'. 2013. №9.S.20.
Larinkov A.A., Nikitin E.L. Protivodeystvie korruptsii: prokurorskiy nadzor, ugolovno-pravovaya kharakteristika, ugolovnoe presledovanie / nauch. red. N.P. Dudin. SPb., 2009. S. 250.
Danilova N.A., Nikolaeva T.G. Issledovatel'skaya deyatel'nost' prokurora v ugolovnom dosudebnom proizvodstve // Kriminalist'. 2018. №4. S 26.
Triks A.

Abstract: This article is devoted to the problem of fulfilling the obligations of a bankrupt debtor by a third party in the framework of bankruptcy procedures of an individual and the possibility of applying the rules provided for debtors – legal entities. The question of the need to observe not only a certain sequence of actions of a third party, an arbitration manager and a court, but also the study of such additional issues as confirmation of the source of funds. When studying the issue, an analytical research method was used, which is expressed in the analysis of judicial practice. The choice of this particular research method is dictated, firstly, by the need to obtain information about law enforcement and, secondly, by the lack of research on this issue.   Every year there are more cases of bankruptcy of individuals, in this regard, there is an increasing need to apply the rules on the performance of obligations by a third party for the debtor. Within the framework of the institution of bankruptcy of individuals, there are no such norms, but law enforcement practice demonstrates the need for norms on repayment of creditors' claims by a third party as part of debt restructuring procedures and the sale of a citizen's property. The rules provided for in Articles 113 and 125 of the Bankruptcy Law may be applied when resolving the issue of repayment of creditors' claims of a debtor – an individual by a third party. At the same time, in addition to observing the formal procedure for repayment of claims, it is necessary to investigate the issue of the source of funds from a third party.

Keywords: bankruptcy of a legal entity, bankruptcy of a citizen, collateral lender, the only living space, repayment of claims, judicial practice, Statistical data, third person, bankruptcy, creditors' claims

References:
Bankrotstva kompaniy – statistika Fedresursa za 2019 god / URL : https://fedresurs.ru/news/7b3c8884-b159-4ee7-b5fb-7770d9d941da?attempt=1 (data obrashcheniya : 01.09.2020 g.);
O nesostoyatel'nosti (bankrotstve) : feder. zakon Ros. Federatsii ot 26.10.2002 g. № 127-FZ (v red. ot 31.07.2020 g.) // Sobr. zakonodatel'stva RF. – 2002.-№ 43. – St. 4190;
Opredelenie Arbitrazhnogo suda goroda Sankt-Peterburga i Leningradskoy oblasti ot 22.11.2019 g. po delu № A56-64764/2017/tr.5 / URL : https://kad.arbitr.ru/Document/Pdf/5d6a17d2-5436-475c-8076-8f88b3aedbb8/bd4349ef-bdb6-4922-9cfa-4537b7587525/A56-64764-2017_20191122_Opredelenie.pdf?isAddStamp=True (data obrashcheniya : 01.09.2020 g.);
Postanovlenie Trinadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 22.05.2020 g. № 13AP-37204/2019 po delu № A56-64764/2017/tr.5 / URL : https://kad.arbitr.ru/Document/Pdf/5d6a17d2-5436-475c-8076-8f88b3aedbb8/cd57744d-4a67-4775-a963-3a381acece42/A56-64764-2017_20200522_Postanovlenie_apelljacionnoj_instancii.pdf?isAddStamp=True (data obrashcheni

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of certain controversial issues on the attributes of court rulings, as well as reasonableness of their delineation into final and provisional. The research demonstrates that the key attributes of provisional court ruling within the science of criminal proceedings consist in their auxiliary nature, peculiarities of coming into force, and feasibility. Expansion of the essence of the category of “auxiliary nature” of court rulings in combination with the requirements of criminal procedure law on ensuring rights and legal interests of the parties of criminal proceedings allowed the author to refute the affiliation of this attribute to separate court rulings out of a number of provisional. The author is equally critical towards other indicated attributes. The authors formulates an original approach towards classification of court rulings based on the priority of protection of rights and legal interests of the parties to criminal proceedings, namely proposes placing such attributes into the foundation of delineation of court rulings as impact upon constitutional rights of the parties to criminal proceedings. Presence of this impact also substantiates the possibility of independent appeal to the higher judicial instances.

Keywords: legal force, auxiliary, essence, criteria, final court decisions, interim court decisions, criminal proceedings, enforcement, rights, appeal

References:
Chervotkin A.S. Promezhutochnye sudebnye resheniya i poryadok ikh peresmotra v rossiyskom ugolovnom protsesse: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M. 2013. 209 s.
Mateychuk V. I. apellyatsionnoe obzhalovanie promezhutochnykh resheniy v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve kak garantiya soblyudeniya konstitutsionnykh prav // Sotsium i vlast' № 1 (51) 2015. S. 67-73.
Proshlyakov, A.D. O momente vstupleniya v silu promezhutochnykh sudebnykh resheniy po ugolovnym delam / A. D. Proshlyakov, M. V. Merzlyakova // Vestnik YuUrGU. Seriya «Pravo». 2015. T. 15, № 3. S. 57-60.
Azarov V.A., Konstantinova V.A. Promezhutochnye resheniya suda pervoy instantsii pri osushchestvlenii pravosudiya po ugolovnym delam // Izvestiya Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2011. № 2/2. S. 79-81.
S. 97-105. 9.Chervotkin A.S. Novoe v zakonodatel'stve o peresmotre promezhutochnykh sudebnykh resheniy po ugolovnym delam // Rossiyskiy sud'ya. 2011. № 3. S. 4-8.
Burmagin S.V. Itogovye i promezhutochnye sudebnye resheniya v kontekste edinstva i differentsiatsii sudebnykh proizvodstv v ugolovnom protses

Abstract: The subject of this research is the classification of obligations of property owners in a multi-story building, as well as their maintenance. The need for studying the classification of responsibility of property owners dictated by scientific and practical importance: the disclosure of the content of responsibilities reveals the essence of burden of the content of individual accommodation and shared property in a multi-unit building, as well as the due and socially proper behavior of obliged entities – the property owners. For determining the criteria for classification of obligations of property owners, the author analyzes the provisions of housing and civil legislation. There is no research on the system of obligations of property owners within the science of civil and housing law. For eliminating the theoretical gap, the author attempts to classify the obligations of property owners in a multi-unit building, as well as examine their content. A new perspective upon the classification of obligations based on various criteria is suggested. Special attention is turned to the characteristics of obligations of property owners as a landlord and as a neighbor. The criterion for division of such obligations consists in qualitative characteristic of the status of property owner: owner-landlord and owner-neighbor, and the obligations assigned thereof. The conclusion is made that the owner of accommodation in a multi-unit building is distinguished by care for the property, willingness to contribute economically, and reasonable neighborliness.

Keywords: burden of maintaining the property, common property, housing services, premise, apartment building, obligations of owner, proprietor, owner of the premise, neighbors, neighborhood responsibilities

References:
Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva RF ot 21.01.2006 № 25 «Ob utverzhdenii Pravil pol'zovaniya zhilymi pomeshcheniyam // SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Agarkov M.M. Problema zloupotrebleniya pravom v sovetskom grazhdanskom prave // Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR. Otd. ekonomiki i prava. 1946. № 6. S. 425-437.
Novitskiy I. B. Rimskoe pravo: uchebnik dlya vuzov. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Yurayt, 2020. 298 s.
Kofe s molotkom // Rossiyskaya gazeta. 10.05.2020 / [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: https://rg.ru/2020/04/19/pavel-krasheninnikov-uvazhenie-sosedej-dolzhno-byt-oboiudnym.html (data obrashcheniya: 17.05.2020).
Emel'kina I.A. Problemy formirovaniya instituta sosedskogo prava v rossiyskom grazhdanskom prave // Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Ser. Gumanit. nauki. – 2016. – T. 158, kn. 2. – S. 399–414.
Emel'kina I. A. Institut ogranicheniya prava sobstvennosti v pol'zu sosedey (sosedskoe pravo) v rossiyskom prave i v prave otdel'nykh evropeyskikh stran // Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava. 2016. № 2. S. 79-80.
Andreev Yu. N. Sosedskie otnosheniya

Abstract: This article presents a brief analysis of the current norms of civil law in the Russian Federation, practice of their implementation, sources of the Roman private law, and norms of foreign law for the purpose of determination of the subject of obligation that emerges as a result of provision of statement about circumstances. The question of correspondence of such obligation to the criterion of validity is being addressed. The provisions of legal doctrine with regards to structure, essence and content of obligation, as well as approaches of legal technique and history of Roman law are used for argumentation of the main conclusions of this research. As a result, the author was able to formulate the subject of obligation that emerges on the basis of statement about circumstances. Obligations characterized by such subject are detected in the Roman private law and modern German legislation. The acquired results allow concluding that obligation due to provision of statement about circumstances is not an extraneous element of the system of civil law of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: economic risks, scope of obligation, feasibility of obligation, obligation, civil legislation, representation about circumstances, eviction, private law, civil law, Roman private law

References:
Sarbash S.V. Ispolnenie obyazatel'stv. Kak Plenum VS tolkuet novelly GK// Arbitrazhnaya praktika dlya yuristov. 2017. №1. S.24.
Shirvindt A. M. Znachenie fiktsii v rimskom prave: avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk. Spetsial'nost' 12.00.01-teoriya i istoriya prava i gosudarstva; istoriya ucheniy o prave i gosudarstve. M., 2011. C.17-18.
Grazhdanskoe ulozhenie Germanii. M.:Volters Kluver, 2004. S.63.
Digesty Yustiniana. – [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: https://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Pravo/digest/index.php (data obrashcheniya: 10.09.2019).
Egorov A.V. Struktura obyazatel'stvennogo otnosheniya: narabotki germanskoy doktriny i ikh primenimost' v Rossii // Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava.-M.: OOO "Izdat. dom V. Ema", 2011, T. 11 № 3.-S. 253.
«Printsipy mezhdunarodnykh kommercheskikh dogovorov (Printsipy UNIDRUA)» (1994 god) – [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: https://legalacts.ru/doc/printsipy-mezhdunarodnykh-kommercheskikh-dogovorov-printsipy-unidrua-1994/ (data obrashcheniya: 15.09.2019).
Pokrovsk

Abstract: This article analyzes the question of missing a 30-day deadline by a consumer for filing a claim against a financial institution stipulated by the Part 3 of the Article 25 of the Federal Law of June 4, 2018 No.123-FZ “On the Commissioner for the Rights of Consumers of Financial Services”. The paper examines the positions of current legislation on financial ombudsman, procedural provisions on possibility of reinstatement of the expired deadline for filing a claim, and clarification of procedural consequences in a case where such term would not be reinstated. Methodology of this theoretical study consists in comparative-legal analysis, systemic-structural analysis, synthesis, and analogy. The author examines the question of order of assessment by the court of the claim made by a consumer of financial services for reinstatement of the expired deadline for making a claim with the court against an insurance company, similar to the subject of requirements expressed in their address to the financial ombudsman. Substantiation is made on the conclusion that such claims are subject to hearing by a judge alone at the stage of acceptance of claim filing without holding a court session.

Keywords: insurer, policyholder, insurance, requirements, protection, court, judge, financial ombudsman, judicial branch, competence

References:
«Rossiyskaya gazeta» ot 8 dekabrya 1994 goda №238-239; Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 5 dekabrya 1994 goda, №32 st. 3301.
«Rossiyskaya gazeta» ot 20 noyabrya 2002 goda №220; Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 18 noyabrya 2002 goda №46 st. 4532.
Voronov A.F. Upolnomochennyy po pravam potrebiteley finansovykh uslug i dostupnost' pravosudiya: eto tol'ko nachalo? // Zakon. 2018. №12.
Egorova O.A. K voprosu o protsessual'nom statuse finansovogo upolnomochennogo po pravam potrebiteley v sfere finansovykh uslug pri rassmotrenii v sudebnom poryadke del o vzyskanii strakhovogo vozmeshcheniya po dogovoru OSAGO. // Pravo i politika. 2019. № 10. S. 79 – 85.
Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 11 iyunya 2018 goda №24, st. 3390.
Kudryavtseva V.P. Podvedomstvennost' del finansovomu ombudsmenu: vstraivanie zakonodatel'nykh novell v nauchnuyu bazu grazhdanskogo protsessual'nogo prava // Arbitrazhnykh i grazhdanskiy protsess. 2018. №12. S. 3-5.
«Rossiyskaya gazeta», 6 iyunya 2018 goda, №121.
Ofi

Abstract: This article explores the issues pertaining to the option of recognizing expert witness testimony as valid evidence in cases of insurance compensation for damages in accordance with mandatory insurance of civil liability of automobile owners (further OSAGO policy). Research is conducted on the position of civil doctrine pertaining to types of expert testimonies acceptable in hearings on compensation for damages in accordance to OSAGO policy. The research is conducted based on comparative legal analysis of procedural consequences of entering expert witness testimony conducted on the basis of “doubled” object of examination as evidence. The author examines the question of possibility of rejection of expert witness testimony. Special attention is paid to the substantiation of position, according to which, portion of the testimony could be rejected if the examination was conducted on different objects by a competent expert. The article also addresses the question of procedural consequences of recognition of a portion of expert witness testimony as invalid evidence.

Keywords: inadmissible evidence, expert opinion, evidence, insurance disputes, liability insurance, motor insurance, judge, trial, subject of proof, assessment

References:
Apellyatsionnoe opredelenie sudebnoy kollegii po grazhdanskim delam Sankt-Peterburgskogo gorodskogo suda ot 16 aprelya 2019 goda (nomer apellyatsionnogo proizvodstva №33-3403/2019) // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Apellyatsionnoe opredelenie sudebnoy kollegii po grazhdanskim delam Sankt-Peterburgskogo gorodskogo suda ot 29 iyulya 2019 goda (nomer apellyatsionnogo proizvodstva №33-9511/2019) // (SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie Konstitutsionnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 31 maya 2005 goda №6-P «Po delu o proverke konstitutsionnosti Federal'nogo zakona «Ob obyazatel'nom strakhovanii grazhdanskoy otvetstvennosti vladel'tsev transportnykh sredstv» v svyazi s zaprosami Gosudarstvennogo Sobraniya – El Kurultay Respubliki Altay, Volgogradskoy oblastnoy Dumy, gruppy deputatov Gosudarstvennoy Dumy i zhaloboy grazhdanina S.N. Shevtsova» // «Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii», 6 iyunya 2005 goda. №23. St.2311; «Rossiyskaya gazeta». №120. 7 iyunya 2005 goda; «Vestnik Konstitutsionnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii». №4. 2005 god.
Apell

Abstract: This theoretical research analyzes the questions pertaining to determination of the procedural status of financial commissioner on the consumer rights in the area of financial services in hearing cases involving insurance claims according to third-party liability coverage. Analysis is conducted on the norms of Federal Law of June 4, 2018 No. 123 FZ “On the Commissioner for the Rights of Consumers of Financial Services” in the part concerning the procedural mechanism of involvement of financial commissioner in court cases on insurance claims according to third-party liability coverage. The research is performed in light of the comparative legal analysis of the volume of procedural rights and responsibilities on the case parties and financial ombudsman, whose assistance may be required in the course of court hearing. The author analyzes the possibility of involving financial ombudsman to participate in cases under various procedural statuses. Special attention is paid to the substantiation of the conclusion, formulated on the results of the conducted research, on the absence of sufficient legal grounds for procedural involvement of a financial ombudsman in insurance court cases.

Keywords: insurer, policyholder, CTR contract, insurance disputes, consumer in the financial market, consumer protection, financial attorney, financial ombudsman, judicial protection, pre-trial procedure

References:
Abramov V.Yu. Pravovoe regulirovanie strakhovoy deyatel'nosti v RFZh Ucheb. posobie. M.: Ankil, 2009. S. 310.
Kudryavtseva V.P. Podvedomstvennost' del finansovomu ombudsmenu: vstraivanie zakonodatel'nykh novell v nauchnuyu bazu grazhdanskogo protsessual'nogo prava // Arbitrazhnykh i grazhdanskiy protsess. 2018. №12. S. 3-5.
Zhuykov V.M. Prava cheloveka i vlast' zakona. M. 1995, S. 6
http://www.cdep.ru/index.php?id=79 (data obrashcheniya 19 sentyabrya 2019 goda).
Ovchinnikova Yu.S. Otvetstvennost' strakhovshchika za narushenie obyazatel'stva: zashchita prav strakhovatelya // Yurist. 2019. N 5. S. 23-27.
Voronov A.F. Upolnomochennyy po pravam potrebiteley finansovykh uslug i dostupnost' pravosudiya: eto tol'ko nachalo? // Zakon. 2018. №12. S. 135-143.
Luchina S.V. Vzaimodeystvie sub'ektov, obladayushchikh tozhdestvennymi material'no-pravovymi interesami v grazhdanskom protsesse: Avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Saratov, 2001. S. 15.
Shegida E.A. Yuridicheskiy interes kak osnovanie vozniknoveniya protsessual'nogo souchastiya // Yuridicheskiy mir.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the formulated by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in the order dated of 06.23.2015 No. 25 “On the application by courts of certain provisions of Part One of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation” ground for the nullity of contracts in form of their contradiction to the essence of legislative regulation of the corresponding type of responsibility. This aspect has not been diligently studied within the framework of the doctrine up to the present time, despite its evident law enforcement capacity. The article contains the analysis of court rulings of general jurisdiction and arbitration courts of various level on cases related to invalidating a contract that contradicts the essence of legislative regulation of the corresponding type of responsibility. The conclusions made in course of this research carry the elements of scientific novelty and may be applies in studying the grounds for the nullity of contracts and protection of civil rights.

Keywords: invalidity of bargains, void contracts, contradiction of the essence regulation, consequences of invalid bargain, rescission, invalid bargain, legislative regulation, reform of civil legislation, precedents, illegal bargains

References:
Problemy obshchey teorii prava i gosudarstva : uchebnik / pod red. V.S. Nersesyantsa. – 2-e izd., peresmotr. – M. : Norma : INFRA-M, 2017. – 816 s.
Tuzov D.O. Teoriya nedeystvitel'nosti sdelok: opyt rossiyskogo prava v kontekste evropeyskoy pravovoy traditsii. M.: Statut, 2007 // Dostup iz sprav.-prav. sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus»
Kontseptsiya razvitiya grazhdanskogo zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii (odobrena Sovetom pri Prezidente RF po kodifikatsii i sovershenstvovaniyu grazhdanskogo zakonodatel'stva 07.10.2009) // Vestnik Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda RF. 2009. №11. S.6-100.
Tuzov D.O. Lex «quasi» perfecta? O novoy redaktsii st.168 Grazhdanskogo kodeksa RF i fundamental'nykh tsivilisticheskikh ponyatiyakh // Zakon. №9. 2015 // Dostup iz sprav.-prav. sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Karapetov A.G., Tuzov D.O. Sdelki, sovershennye v protivorechii s imperativnymi normami zakona, v kontekste novoy redaktsii st. 168 GK RF // Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava. 2016. №5 // Dostup iz sprav.-prav. sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Titov N.D. Osnovani

Abstract: The subject of this research is the relations emerging between the parties of the exchange and OTC swap contracts in their execution. The author particularly examines the peculiarities of swap contracts, subject composition of the parties involved; analyzes the rules of stock trades, clearing, standard terms of forward transactions; determines the civil law nature of the used security constructs in executing exchange swap. The author comes to the conclusion that exchange swaps are executed with the central counterparty in compliance with the exchange rules and specifications with the requisite of two counterbids. A limited circle of persons has a right to participate in execution of such swap by making a security payment. According to the general rule, OTC swaps can be executed without involvement of a central counterparty and do not have limitations with regards to subject composition of parties to the contract. The content of such contracts is defined by the standard contract terms. The author also underlines that the established by law essence of contract, which negotiation is necessary for executing a swap contract, depend on its type and civil law qualification.

Keywords: clearing organization, central counterparty, credit-default swap, interest swap, exchange, currency swap, derivatives, swap, making of contract, essence of the contract

References:
Grazhdanskoe pravo: uchebnik. V 2 t. T. 1 / Pod red. A.P. Sergeeva, Yu.K. Tolstogo. 6-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Prospekt, 2005. S. 588
Ioffe O.S. Obyazatel'stvennoe pravo. M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1975. S. 29–30.
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