Review: Currently, there is an objective lack of scientific knowledge that would allow giving precise legal assessment to crimes that have inflicted damages upon multiple victims, if coincidentally the corresponding Articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code do not contain the qualifying characteristic with regards to “two or more persons”. In the law enforcement practice such cases are not uncommon, but the legal positions of various courts that examines such cases often turn out to be opposite. The issue is aggravated by the current processes of transformation of separate positions of the doctrine and theory of qualification of crimes, as well as multiple exemptions to the rules in the legal language in the Decrees of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the substantial change in the approaches towards interpretation of the Article of the Criminal Code, and the overall trend towards the loss of systematization and universality of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Based on the conducted analysis, the author formulated the rules of qualification of crimes in cases where it caused harm to multiple persons.

Keywords: Divisible offense, Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, Composition of crime, Crime record, Multiple victims, Single of crime, Cumulative crimes, Judicial practice , Multiple offenders, Qualification of crime

References:
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Prigovor Surgutskogo gorodskogo suda Khanty-Mansiyskogo avtonomnogo okruga–Yugry ot 11.03.2015 g. v otnoshenii Maysuradze O.L. po ch.1 st. 162 UK RF // Rospravosudie [Elektronnyy resurs] : URL : https://rospravosudie.com/court-surgutskij-gorodskoj-sud-xanty-mansijskij-avtonomnyj-okrug-s/act-479841290/ (Data obrashcheniya – 15.08.2016 g.).
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O sudebnoy praktike po delam o prestupleniyakh protiv polovoy neprikosnovennosti i polovoy svobody lichnosti: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 04.12.2014 g. ¹ 16 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii.-2015.-¹ 2.
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O sudebnoy praktike po delam o prestupleniyakh, svyazannykh s narusheniem pravil dorozhnogo dvizheniya i ekspluatatsii transportnykh sredstv, a takzhe s ikh nepravomernym zavladeniem bez tseli khishcheniya: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 09.12.2008 g. ¹ 25 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii.-2009.-¹ 2.
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O sudebnoy praktike po delam o prestupleniyakh, svyazannykh s narkoticheskimi sredstvami, psikhotropnymi, sil'nodeystvuyushchimi i yadovitymi veshchestvami: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 15.06.2006 g. ¹ 14 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2006. ¹ 8.
O sudebnoy praktike po delam o narushenii pravil pozharnoy bezopasnosti, unichtozhenii ili povrezhdenii chuzhogo imushchestva putem podzhoga libo v rezul'tate neostorozhnogo obrashcheniya s ognem: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 05.06.2002 g. ¹ 14 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2002. ¹ 8.
O sudebnoy praktike po delam o khishchenii, vymogatel'stve i nezakonnom oborote oruzhiya, boepripasov, vzryvchatykh veshchestv i vzryvnykh ustroystv: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 12.03.2002 g. ¹ 5 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2002. ¹ 5.
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O praktike primeneniya sudami zakonodatel'stva ob otvetstvennosti za banditizm: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 17.01.1997 g. ¹ 1 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 1997. ¹ 3.
Yani P.S. Slozhnosti kvalifikatsii prestupleniy, svyazannykh s bankrotstvom / P.S. Yani // Zakonodatel'stvo. 2007. ¹ 8. S. 76-81.
O sudebnoy praktike po delam o khuliganstve: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 24.12.1991 g. ¹ 5 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii.-1992.-¹ 3 (utratilo silu);
Rogova E.V. Uchenie o differentsiatsii ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti: monografiya / E.V. Rogova. M.: Yurlitinform, 2014. 344 s.
Rukavishnikov, E.A. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za prichinenie tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu po neostorozhnosti: Avtoref. dis… kand. yurid. nauk / E.A. Rukavishnikov. Tomsk, 2013. 21 s.
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Nikiforov A.S. Ob otvetstvennosti za sovokupnost' prestupleniy / A.S. Nikiforov // Sov. gosudarstvo i pravo. 1961. ¹ 5. S. 62-69.
Korenkova E.A. Otvetstvennost' za prestupnye narusheniya pravil okhrany truda: Diss… kand. yurid. nauk / E.A. Korenkova. M., 2002. 189 s.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Obshchaya teoriya kvalifikatsii prestupleniy. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. / V.N. Kudryavtsev. M.: Yurist', 2007. 304 s.
Garbatovich D.A. Stabil'nost' pozitsii Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda kak uslovie effektivnogo primeneniya ugolovnogo zakona / D.A. Garbatovich // Rossiyskiy sud'ya. 2015. ¹ 8. S. 43-45.
Gotchina L.V. O pokushenii na ubiystvo dvukh i bolee lits / L.V. Gotchina // Ugolovnyy zakon Rossii: puti razvitiya i problemy primeneniya: sb. nauch. statey / Pod red. d-ra yurid. nauk, professora V.I. Tyunina. SPb. : Izd-vo SPbGEU, 2013. 281 s.
Prilozhenie ¹ 2 k prikazu General'noy prokuratury Rossiyskoy Federatsii, MVD Rossii, MChS Rossii, Minyusta Rossii, FSB Rossii, Minekonomrazvitiya Rossii i FSKN Rossii ot 29.12.2005 ¹ 39/1070/1021/253/780/353/399 «O edinom uchete prestupleniy» // Ross. gaz. ot 25.01.2006 g. ¹ 13.
Volzhenkin B.V. Prestupleniya v sfere ekonomicheskoy deyatel'nosti po ugolovnomu pravu Rossii / B.V. Volzhenkin. SPb.: Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press, 2007. 765 s.
O vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii v svyazi s prinyatiem Federal'nogo zakona «O spetsial'noy otsenke usloviy truda»»: federal'nyy zakon ot 28.12.2013 g. ¹ 421-FZ // Ross. gaz. ot 31.12.2013 g. ¹ 296.
O vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii po voprosam protivodeystviya terrorizmu: federal'nyy zakon ot 30.12.2008 g. ¹ 321-FZ // Ross. gaz. ot 31.12.2008 g. ¹ 267.
O praktike rassledovaniya i rassmotreniya sudami mnogoepizodnykh ugolovnykh del o prestupleniyakh korruptsionnoy i ekonomicheskoy napravlennosti: Informatsionnoe pis'mo pervogo zamestitelya General'nogo prokurora Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 12.03.2014 g. ¹ 11-16-14/Ip1321-14. (AN ¹ 050584)
Bukalerova L.A., Pitikin R.A. Sovokupnost' i sootnoshenie sluzhebnykh podlogov s inymi prestupleniyami // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. - 2015. - 4. - C. 218 - 229. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1964.2015.4.16198.

References (transliteration):
Prigovor Mokshanskogo rayonnogo suda Penzenskoy oblasti ot 22.02.2012 g. v otnoshenii Sevyana K.E. i Rakhmanova A. po «a», «v», «g» ch. 2 st. 126 UK RF po faktu pokhishcheniya M.N. i primeneniya nasiliya k ee synu M.A. // Ofitsial'nyy sayt Penzenskogo oblastnogo suda [Elektronnyy resurs ] : URL : http://www.oblsud.penza.ru/article/?id=511&cat=p (Data obrashcheniya – 15.02.2015 g.).
Prigovor Surgutskogo gorodskogo suda Khanty-Mansiyskogo avtonomnogo okruga–Yugry ot 11.03.2015 g. v otnoshenii Maysuradze O.L. po ch.1 st. 162 UK RF // Rospravosudie [Elektronnyy resurs] : URL : https://rospravosudie.com/court-surgutskij-gorodskoj-sud-xanty-mansijskij-avtonomnyj-okrug-s/act-479841290/ (Data obrashcheniya – 15.08.2016 g.).
Postanovlenie Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 18 iyunya 2008 g. ¹ 163-P08 (Izvlechenie) // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2008. ¹ 11 [Elektronnyy resurs] : URL : http://www.supcourt.ru/vscourt_detale.php?id=5548 (Data obrashcheniya – 14.08.2016 g.).
Kassatsionnoe opredelenie Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 29 dekabrya 2008 goda ¹ 41-008-92 // Bank sudebnykh resheniy Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii [Elektronnyy resurs] : URL : http://vsrf.ru/stor_pdf.php?id=250046 (Data obrashcheniya – 14.08.2016 g.).
O sudebnoy praktike po delam o legalizatsii (otmyvanii) denezhnykh sredstv ili inogo imushchestva, priobretennykh prestupnym putem, i o priobretenii ili sbyte imushchestva, zavedomo dobytogo prestupnym putem: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 07.07.2015 g. ¹ 32 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii.-2015.-¹ 9.
O sudebnoy praktike po delam o prestupleniyakh protiv polovoy neprikosnovennosti i polovoy svobody lichnosti: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 04.12.2014 g. ¹ 16 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii.-2015.-¹ 2.
O nekotorykh voprosakh sudebnoy praktiki po delam o prestupleniyakh terroristicheskoy napravlennosti: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 09.02.2012 g. ¹ 1 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii.-2012.-¹ 4.
O sudebnoy praktike po delam o prestupleniyakh, svyazannykh s narusheniem pravil dorozhnogo dvizheniya i ekspluatatsii transportnykh sredstv, a takzhe s ikh nepravomernym zavladeniem bez tseli khishcheniya: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 09.12.2008 g. ¹ 25 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii.-2009.-¹ 2.
O sudebnoy praktike po delam o moshennichestve, prisvoenii i rastrate: postanovleniya Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 27.12.2007 g. ¹ 51// Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2008. ¹ 2.
O sudebnoy praktike po ugolovnym delam o khuliganstve i inykh prestupleniyakh, sovershaemykh iz khuliganskikh pobuzhdeniy: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 15.11.2007 g. ¹ 45 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2008. ¹ 1.
O sudebnoy praktike po delam o krazhe, grabezhe i razboe: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 27.12.2002 g. ¹ 29 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2003. ¹ 2.
O sudebnoy praktike po delam o prestupleniyakh, svyazannykh s narkoticheskimi sredstvami, psikhotropnymi, sil'nodeystvuyushchimi i yadovitymi veshchestvami: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 15.06.2006 g. ¹ 14 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2006. ¹ 8.
O sudebnoy praktike po delam o narushenii pravil pozharnoy bezopasnosti, unichtozhenii ili povrezhdenii chuzhogo imushchestva putem podzhoga libo v rezul'tate neostorozhnogo obrashcheniya s ognem: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 05.06.2002 g. ¹ 14 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2002. ¹ 8.
O sudebnoy praktike po delam o khishchenii, vymogatel'stve i nezakonnom oborote oruzhiya, boepripasov, vzryvchatykh veshchestv i vzryvnykh ustroystv: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 12.03.2002 g. ¹ 5 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2002. ¹ 5.
O sudebnoy praktike po delam ob ubiystve (st. 105 UK RF): postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 27.01.1999 g. ¹ 1 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 1999. ¹ 3.
O praktike primeneniya sudami zakonodatel'stva ob otvetstvennosti za banditizm: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 17.01.1997 g. ¹ 1 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 1997. ¹ 3.
Yani P.S. Slozhnosti kvalifikatsii prestupleniy, svyazannykh s bankrotstvom / P.S. Yani // Zakonodatel'stvo. 2007. ¹ 8. S. 76-81.
O sudebnoy praktike po delam o khuliganstve: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 24.12.1991 g. ¹ 5 // Byull. Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii.-1992.-¹ 3 (utratilo silu);
Rogova E.V. Uchenie o differentsiatsii ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti: monografiya / E.V. Rogova. M.: Yurlitinform, 2014. 344 s.
Rukavishnikov, E.A. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za prichinenie tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu po neostorozhnosti: Avtoref. dis… kand. yurid. nauk / E.A. Rukavishnikov. Tomsk, 2013. 21 s.
Popov, A.N. Ubiystvo pri otyagchayushchikh obstoyatel'stvakh / A.N. Popov. SPb.: Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press, 2003. 898 s.
Meleshko D.A. Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda "O sudebnoy praktike po delam o prestupleniyakh protiv polovoy neprikosnovennosti i polovoy svobody lichnosti": obzor novovvedeniy / D.A. Meleshko // Ugolovnoe pravo. 2015. ¹ 3. S. 47-54.
Nikiforov A.S. Ob otvetstvennosti za sovokupnost' prestupleniy / A.S. Nikiforov // Sov. gosudarstvo i pravo. 1961. ¹ 5. S. 62-69.
Korenkova E.A. Otvetstvennost' za prestupnye narusheniya pravil okhrany truda: Diss… kand. yurid. nauk / E.A. Korenkova. M., 2002. 189 s.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Obshchaya teoriya kvalifikatsii prestupleniy. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. / V.N. Kudryavtsev. M.: Yurist', 2007. 304 s.
Garbatovich D.A. Stabil'nost' pozitsii Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda kak uslovie effektivnogo primeneniya ugolovnogo zakona / D.A. Garbatovich // Rossiyskiy sud'ya. 2015. ¹ 8. S. 43-45.
Gotchina L.V. O pokushenii na ubiystvo dvukh i bolee lits / L.V. Gotchina // Ugolovnyy zakon Rossii: puti razvitiya i problemy primeneniya: sb. nauch. statey / Pod red. d-ra yurid. nauk, professora V.I. Tyunina. SPb. : Izd-vo SPbGEU, 2013. 281 s.
Prilozhenie ¹ 2 k prikazu General'noy prokuratury Rossiyskoy Federatsii, MVD Rossii, MChS Rossii, Minyusta Rossii, FSB Rossii, Minekonomrazvitiya Rossii i FSKN Rossii ot 29.12.2005 ¹ 39/1070/1021/253/780/353/399 «O edinom uchete prestupleniy» // Ross. gaz. ot 25.01.2006 g. ¹ 13.
Volzhenkin B.V. Prestupleniya v sfere ekonomicheskoy deyatel'nosti po ugolovnomu pravu Rossii / B.V. Volzhenkin. SPb.: Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press, 2007. 765 s.
O vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii v svyazi s prinyatiem Federal'nogo zakona «O spetsial'noy otsenke usloviy truda»»: federal'nyy zakon ot 28.12.2013 g. ¹ 421-FZ // Ross. gaz. ot 31.12.2013 g. ¹ 296.
O vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii po voprosam protivodeystviya terrorizmu: federal'nyy zakon ot 30.12.2008 g. ¹ 321-FZ // Ross. gaz. ot 31.12.2008 g. ¹ 267.
O praktike rassledovaniya i rassmotreniya sudami mnogoepizodnykh ugolovnykh del o prestupleniyakh korruptsionnoy i ekonomicheskoy napravlennosti: Informatsionnoe pis'mo pervogo zamestitelya General'nogo prokurora Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 12.03.2014 g. ¹ 11-16-14/Ip1321-14. (AN ¹ 050584)
Bukalerova L.A., Pitikin R.A. Sovokupnost' i sootnoshenie sluzhebnykh podlogov s inymi prestupleniyami // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. - 2015. - 4. - C. 218 - 229. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1964.2015.4.16198.

Review: The object of this research is the problems of write-offs of penalties (fines, fees) for failure to fulfill a state contract. The authors examine the grounds and conditions for cancellation of penalties in government contracts and analyze judicial practice. The article examines the questions: is the write-off of penalty a right or obligation of the purchaser; about the possibility of the application of the rules on the write-off of penalty to the Law ¹ 94-FZ, on the legality of exceptions to the established rule of exemption from liability if the penalty is transferred to the budget. The work was based on the general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition: dialectical, formal logical, formal legal, comparative-legal. Based on the analysis of the current legislation and law enforcement practices, the authors conclude that the cancellation of accrual of penalties (fines, fees) is not a right of the purchaser, but their responsibility. The ability to carry out the cancellation by the purchaser of amounts of already incurred penalties (fines, fees) is one of the reasons the release of supplier (contractor) from civil liability.

Keywords: budget, debt, state customer, write-off, civil liability, municipal contract, government contract, exemption, penalty, anti-crisis measures

References:
Tikhonenko I.N.. Osnovaniya osvobozhdeniya ot yuridicheskoy otvetstvennosti: Dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.01. M., 1995. 129 s.
Sergeeva V.A., Markitantova A.S. O spisanii neustoek po kontraktam // Byudzhet. 2016. ¹ 3. S. 66-69.
Kuznetsova O.A. Primenenie mer grazhdansko-pravovoy otvetstvennosti // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Yuridicheskie nauki. 2012. ¹ 4. S. 97-103.
Baykalov A.A. Pravo pobezhdaet obyazannost'?!. K voprosu o nevozmozhnosti spisaniya neustoyki.URL: https://pravorub.ru/articles/70994.html#comments (data obrashcheniya 10.10.2016).
Bogdanov D.V. Ponyatie i yuridicheskaya priroda osvobozhdeniya ot grazhdansko-pravovoy otvetstvennosti i ee isklyucheniya // Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. 2012. ¹ 1. S. 77-79.

References (transliteration):
Tikhonenko I.N.. Osnovaniya osvobozhdeniya ot yuridicheskoy otvetstvennosti: Dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.01. M., 1995. 129 s.
Sergeeva V.A., Markitantova A.S. O spisanii neustoek po kontraktam // Byudzhet. 2016. ¹ 3. S. 66-69.
Kuznetsova O.A. Primenenie mer grazhdansko-pravovoy otvetstvennosti // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Yuridicheskie nauki. 2012. ¹ 4. S. 97-103.
Baykalov A.A. Pravo pobezhdaet obyazannost'?!. K voprosu o nevozmozhnosti spisaniya neustoyki.URL: https://pravorub.ru/articles/70994.html#comments (data obrashcheniya 10.10.2016).
Bogdanov D.V. Ponyatie i yuridicheskaya priroda osvobozhdeniya ot grazhdansko-pravovoy otvetstvennosti i ee isklyucheniya // Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. 2012. ¹ 1. S. 77-79.

Review: The object of this research is the scientific works, legislation, Russian and foreign judicial practice, and Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 25 from June 23, 2015 “On Court Application of Certain Positions of the Section 1 of Part 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation” on the part of solving the issue of consideration of amortized value in seeking compensation. The subject of this research is the approaches of Russian and foreign legislation and judicial practice towards the issue of consideration of the amortization in compensation for damages to a vehicle. Based on the conducted research, the author concludes that the position of the Paragraph 2 of Subsection 13 of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 25 from June 23, 2015 is not scientifically substantiated and is not a result of the interpretation of the norms of civil legislation. Compensation of damages caused to the owner of a vehicle with consideration of amortization does not have convincing and sufficient grounds in civil legislation, and Russian and foreign judicial practice. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this research is conducted based on the new case study, as well as a complex analysis of the approaches of the foreign judicial practice.

Keywords: Fair market value, Actual value, Repair, Damages, Property damage, Insurance, Full compensation, Amortization, Vehicle , Depreciation

References:
«Byulleten' Verkhovnogo Suda RF», ¹ 8, avgust, 2015.
O. S. Ioffe. Obyazatel'stva o vozmeshchenii vreda. 1952. S. 25. O. S. Ioffe. Izbrannye trudy po grazhdanskomu pravu: Iz istorii tsivillisticheskoy mysli. Grazhdanskoe pravootnoshenie. Kritika teorii «khozyaystvennogo prava». — M.: «Statut». 2000. S. 484.
American Reliance Insurance Company v. Perez, 689 So. 2d 290 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997).
Measure of Damages in Property Loss Cases. John W. Reis // The Florida Bar Journal. October, 2002 Volume LXXVI, No. 9. P. 32.
Courtney Enterprises, Inc. v. Publix Supermarkets, Inc., 788 So. 2d 1045 (Fla. 2d D.C.A. 2001); American Equity Insurance Co. v. Van Ginhoven, 788 So. 2d 388, 391 (Fla. 5th D.C.A. 2001).
U.S. Steel Corp. v. Benefield, 352 So. 2d 892, 894–95 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977), cert. denied, 364 So. 2d 881 (Fla. 1978).
Hand Electronics, Inc. v. Snowline Joint Unified School District, (1994) 21 Cal. App.4th 862, 870.
Recovering property damages under California law. Ned Tolbert, Esq. & Thomas Dunford, Esq. https://www.cozen.com/admin/files/publications/toldun1710009.pdf [29.06.2014].
Doelger & Kirsten, Inc. v. National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1969) 42 Wis. 2d 518; 167 N.W. 2d 198.
Kodeks ciwilny. Wolters Kluwer Polska Sp. z. o. o. 23 wydanie. 2011.
Uchwała składu 7 sędziów Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 12 kwietnia 2012 r. (sygn. akt III CZP 80/11). Wersja elektroniczna: http://www.sn.pl/sprawy/SiteAssets/Lists/Zagadnienia_prawne/ EditForm/III-CZP-0080_11.pdf [29.06.2014].

References (transliteration):
«Byulleten' Verkhovnogo Suda RF», ¹ 8, avgust, 2015.
O. S. Ioffe. Obyazatel'stva o vozmeshchenii vreda. 1952. S. 25. O. S. Ioffe. Izbrannye trudy po grazhdanskomu pravu: Iz istorii tsivillisticheskoy mysli. Grazhdanskoe pravootnoshenie. Kritika teorii «khozyaystvennogo prava». — M.: «Statut». 2000. S. 484.
American Reliance Insurance Company v. Perez, 689 So. 2d 290 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997).
Measure of Damages in Property Loss Cases. John W. Reis // The Florida Bar Journal. October, 2002 Volume LXXVI, No. 9. P. 32.
Courtney Enterprises, Inc. v. Publix Supermarkets, Inc., 788 So. 2d 1045 (Fla. 2d D.C.A. 2001); American Equity Insurance Co. v. Van Ginhoven, 788 So. 2d 388, 391 (Fla. 5th D.C.A. 2001).
U.S. Steel Corp. v. Benefield, 352 So. 2d 892, 894–95 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977), cert. denied, 364 So. 2d 881 (Fla. 1978).
Hand Electronics, Inc. v. Snowline Joint Unified School District, (1994) 21 Cal. App.4th 862, 870.
Recovering property damages under California law. Ned Tolbert, Esq. & Thomas Dunford, Esq. https://www.cozen.com/admin/files/publications/toldun1710009.pdf [29.06.2014].
Doelger & Kirsten, Inc. v. National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1969) 42 Wis. 2d 518; 167 N.W. 2d 198.
Kodeks ciwilny. Wolters Kluwer Polska Sp. z. o. o. 23 wydanie. 2011.
Uchwała składu 7 sędziów Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 12 kwietnia 2012 r. (sygn. akt III CZP 80/11). Wersja elektroniczna: http://www.sn.pl/sprawy/SiteAssets/Lists/Zagadnienia_prawne/ EditForm/III-CZP-0080_11.pdf [29.06.2014].

Review: This research focuses on determining the interconnections between permitted use of land and territorial zoning. Distinctions are made between the norms of Land and Urban Development Codes of the Russian Federation on territorial zoning. The authors explore the factors that form the content of the legal regime of land and analyze the conditions that create the opportunities for “individual approach” towards establishment of the legal regime of separate lots and capital construction projects. Assessment is made of the cases of arbitrary definition by the right holders of real estate of conditionally permitted types of usage of lots and objects of capital construction. The authors draw a conclusion on the absence of clear legislative base for zoning of territories, giving the law enforcement broad freedom for discretion in determining permitted type of use of land lots that can contradict the designation for the corresponding land lots.

Keywords: Land category, Residential zone, Land zoning, Urban development regulation, Urban development zoning, Construction regulation, Land use regulation, Permitted use , Zoning, Legal regime

References:
Postanovlenie FAS Povolzhskogo okruga ot 22 fevralya 2011 g. po delu ¹ A49-2940/2010 // http://arbitr.ru/
Federal'nyy zakon ot 29 dekabrya 2004 goda ¹ 191-FZ «O vvedenii v deystvie Gradostroitel'nogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // SZ RF, 2005, ¹ 1, st. 17.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 17 iyulya 2009 goda ¹ 172-FZ «Ob antikorruptsionnoy ekspertize normativnykh pravovykh aktov i proektov normativnykh pravovykh aktov» // SZ RF, 2009, ¹29, st. 3609.
Galinovskaya E.A. O napravleniyakh sovershenstvovaniya ustanovleniya kategoriy i razreshennogo ispol'zovaniya zemel' // Imushchestvennye otnosheniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2012. ¹ 10. S. 78-81.
Kommentariy k Zemel'nomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 25 oktyabrya 2001 g. ¹ 136-FZ: (postateynyy) / Otv. red. prof. S.N. Volkov. M.: Yustitsinform, 2009. 441 s.
Pis'mo Rosreestra ot 17 iyunya 2010 goda ¹ 14-4731-GE «O rassmotrenii obrashcheniya» // Normirovanie v stroitel'stve i ZhKKh. 2011. ¹ 2.
Krassov O. I. Sposoby opredeleniya pravovogo rezhima zemel' / Ekologicheskoe pravo Rossii. Sb. materialov nauch.-prakt. konf. Vyp. pyatyy. 2005-2007 gg. / Pod red. prof. A.K. Golichenkova. M.: Forgreyfer, 2009. S. 511-517.
Zemel'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 25 oktyabrya 2001 goda ¹ 136-FZ // SZ RF, 2001, ¹ 44, st. 4147.
Krassov O.I. Zemel'noe pravo: uchebnik / O.I. Krassov. 4-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Norma: INFRA-M, 2012. 608 s.
Gradostroitel'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 29 dekabrya 2004 goda ¹ 190-FZ // SZ RF, 2005, ¹ 1 (ch. 1), st. 16.

References (transliteration):
Postanovlenie FAS Povolzhskogo okruga ot 22 fevralya 2011 g. po delu ¹ A49-2940/2010 // http://arbitr.ru/
Federal'nyy zakon ot 29 dekabrya 2004 goda ¹ 191-FZ «O vvedenii v deystvie Gradostroitel'nogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // SZ RF, 2005, ¹ 1, st. 17.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 17 iyulya 2009 goda ¹ 172-FZ «Ob antikorruptsionnoy ekspertize normativnykh pravovykh aktov i proektov normativnykh pravovykh aktov» // SZ RF, 2009, ¹29, st. 3609.
Galinovskaya E.A. O napravleniyakh sovershenstvovaniya ustanovleniya kategoriy i razreshennogo ispol'zovaniya zemel' // Imushchestvennye otnosheniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2012. ¹ 10. S. 78-81.
Kommentariy k Zemel'nomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 25 oktyabrya 2001 g. ¹ 136-FZ: (postateynyy) / Otv. red. prof. S.N. Volkov. M.: Yustitsinform, 2009. 441 s.
Pis'mo Rosreestra ot 17 iyunya 2010 goda ¹ 14-4731-GE «O rassmotrenii obrashcheniya» // Normirovanie v stroitel'stve i ZhKKh. 2011. ¹ 2.
Krassov O. I. Sposoby opredeleniya pravovogo rezhima zemel' / Ekologicheskoe pravo Rossii. Sb. materialov nauch.-prakt. konf. Vyp. pyatyy. 2005-2007 gg. / Pod red. prof. A.K. Golichenkova. M.: Forgreyfer, 2009. S. 511-517.
Zemel'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 25 oktyabrya 2001 goda ¹ 136-FZ // SZ RF, 2001, ¹ 44, st. 4147.
Krassov O.I. Zemel'noe pravo: uchebnik / O.I. Krassov. 4-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Norma: INFRA-M, 2012. 608 s.
Gradostroitel'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 29 dekabrya 2004 goda ¹ 190-FZ // SZ RF, 2005, ¹ 1 (ch. 1), st. 16.

Review: The subject of this research is the study of relations in petitory action of the non-owner possessor and non-possessing owner on vindication. The object of this research is the analysis of the approach of the law enforcement in determining the moment of the loss of possession. The author gives particular attention to the overview and analysis of the court arbitral practice on the object of research of this article. In the course of this research the author determined the existing need in generalization and formulation of a unified position in the issue of qualification of the loss of possession. The relevance of this work is substantiated by how the lack of the conceptual apparatus of legal possession, established by the norms of positive law, was compensated in practice. The author analyzes the court decisions, establishing unity of the bases for motives prompting the courts to render one or another decision. A comparison is made of the positions that determine the presence of established collision in the view of law enforcement.

Keywords: Bona fide possessor, Estate protection , Immovable objects, Loss of possession, Petitory action, Possession, Vindication, Statute of limitation, Possessory action, Right to ownership

References:
Punkty 1, 3 Postanovleniya Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 29 sentyabrya 2015 g. ¹ 43 «O nekotorykh voprosakh, svyazannykh s primeneniem norm Grazhdanskogo Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob iskovoy davnosti»;
Arbitrazhnyy Sud Moskovskogo Okruga Postanovlenie ot 17 sentyabrya 2014 g. po delu ¹ A41-44271/12;
Punkt 11 Prezidiuma Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii Informatsionnoe Pis'mo ot 13 noyabrya 2008 g. ¹ 126;
Punkt 13 Prezidium Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii Informatsionnoe Pis'mo ot 13 noyabrya 2008 g. ¹ 126;
Punkty 6 Postanovleniya Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 29 sentyabrya 2015 g. ¹ 43 «O nekotorykh voprosakh, svyazannykh s primeneniem norm Grazhdanskogo Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob iskovoy davnosti»;
Opredelenie VAS RF ot 19 dekabrya 2013 g. ¹ VAS-18643/13;
Opredelenie VAS RF ot 5 sentyabrya 2013 g. ¹ VAS-11563/13;
Opredelenie VAS RF ot 4 iyulya 2012 g. ¹ VAS-7835/12;
Opredelenie VAS RF ot 19 iyunya 2013 g. ¹ VAS-10715/12;
Opredelenie VAS RF ot 8 sentyabrya 2011 g ¹ VAS-17912/09;
Punkt 12 Informatsionnogo pis'ma Prezidiuma VAS RF ot 13.11.2008 ¹ 126 «Obzor sudebnoy praktiki po nekotorym voprosam, svyazannym s istrebovaniem imushchestva iz chuzhogo nezakonnogo vladeniya».

References (transliteration):
Punkty 1, 3 Postanovleniya Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 29 sentyabrya 2015 g. ¹ 43 «O nekotorykh voprosakh, svyazannykh s primeneniem norm Grazhdanskogo Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob iskovoy davnosti»;
Arbitrazhnyy Sud Moskovskogo Okruga Postanovlenie ot 17 sentyabrya 2014 g. po delu ¹ A41-44271/12;
Punkt 11 Prezidiuma Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii Informatsionnoe Pis'mo ot 13 noyabrya 2008 g. ¹ 126;
Punkt 13 Prezidium Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii Informatsionnoe Pis'mo ot 13 noyabrya 2008 g. ¹ 126;
Punkty 6 Postanovleniya Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 29 sentyabrya 2015 g. ¹ 43 «O nekotorykh voprosakh, svyazannykh s primeneniem norm Grazhdanskogo Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob iskovoy davnosti»;
Opredelenie VAS RF ot 19 dekabrya 2013 g. ¹ VAS-18643/13;
Opredelenie VAS RF ot 5 sentyabrya 2013 g. ¹ VAS-11563/13;
Opredelenie VAS RF ot 4 iyulya 2012 g. ¹ VAS-7835/12;
Opredelenie VAS RF ot 19 iyunya 2013 g. ¹ VAS-10715/12;
Opredelenie VAS RF ot 8 sentyabrya 2011 g ¹ VAS-17912/09;
Punkt 12 Informatsionnogo pis'ma Prezidiuma VAS RF ot 13.11.2008 ¹ 126 «Obzor sudebnoy praktiki po nekotorym voprosam, svyazannym s istrebovaniem imushchestva iz chuzhogo nezakonnogo vladeniya».

Review: This article reviews the dynamic pattern of the social image of crime among minorities in the Black Earth Zone of Russia based on the systemic approach in the context of factors, substantiated by the consequences of the negative influence of global information space upon the consciousness of the younger generation. Taking into account the social nature of crime among minorities, the authors underline the relevance of research of the problems of the uneven distribution of crime in the Black Earth Zone of Russia, the regions of which do not diverge by a significant disproportion of their development, in other words, have approximately equal indexes in socioeconomic, demographic, cultural-historical, information, and other areas of life. The authors conduct an in-depth analysis of objective information about quantitative and qualitative content of the factors, which affect criminalization of the teenage youth. Practical importance of the analytical materials on the dynamic pattern of social image of crime among minorities is represented by the fact that they can be implemented in development and introduction of the corresponding government and public measures in the center or regions of the country, for the purpose of prevention of violations and fight against crime.

Keywords: Prevention, Institutions of socialization of the minorities, Dynamic of crime among minorities, Youth crime structures, Coefficient of crime death toll, Crime indexes, Global information space, Psychological age, Juvenile criminal, Social image of crime

References:
Murashchenkova, N.V. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie determinanty predstavleniy molodezhi o proyavleniyakh istinnogo patriotizma [Tekst] / N.V. Murashchenkova // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2014.-¹5.-C.468-482.
Konovalova, I.A. K voprosu o roli komissiy po delam nesovershennoletnikh i zashchite ikh prav kak koordinatora v bor'be s prestupnost'yu nesovershennoletnikh v svete deystvuyushchego zakonodatel'stva [Tekst] / I.A. Konovalova // Soyuz kriminalistov i kriminologov.-2014.-¹2.-C. 154-160
Prestupnost' i pravonarusheniya 2014. Statisticheskiy sbornik. GIATs MVD Rossii. [Tekst].-Moskva.-2014.-152 s.
Baybarin, A.A. Ugolovnoe pravo Rossii. Obshchaya chast' [Tekst]: ucheb. posobie / A.A. Baybarin, A.A. Greben'kov, S.V. Sheveleva; Otv. red. A. A. Greben'kov; Yugo-Zap. gos. un-t. Kursk, 2013.-429 s.
Chislennost' naseleniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii po polu i vozrastu na 1 yanvarya 2014 goda [Tekst]: Federal'naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki / Dostup k informatsii: http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b14_111/Main.htm
Ofitsial'naya statistika. Naselenie. Sem'ya, materinstvo i detstvo [Tekst]: Federal'naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki / Dostup k informatsii: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/population/motherhood/
O Natsional'noy strategii deystviy v interesakh detey na 2012-2017 gody [Tekst]: Ukaz Prezidenta RF: [izdan 01.06.2012 ¹761, po sostoyaniyu na 22.09.2015] // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. – 2012.-¹23.-St. 2994
Sotsial'nyy portret prestupnosti [Tekst]: Informatsionno-analiticheskiy portal pravovoy statistiki General'noy prokuratury Rossiyskoy Federatsii / Dostup k informatsii: http://crimestat.ru/social_portrait

References (transliteration):
Murashchenkova, N.V. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie determinanty predstavleniy molodezhi o proyavleniyakh istinnogo patriotizma [Tekst] / N.V. Murashchenkova // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2014.-¹5.-C.468-482.
Konovalova, I.A. K voprosu o roli komissiy po delam nesovershennoletnikh i zashchite ikh prav kak koordinatora v bor'be s prestupnost'yu nesovershennoletnikh v svete deystvuyushchego zakonodatel'stva [Tekst] / I.A. Konovalova // Soyuz kriminalistov i kriminologov.-2014.-¹2.-C. 154-160
Prestupnost' i pravonarusheniya 2014. Statisticheskiy sbornik. GIATs MVD Rossii. [Tekst].-Moskva.-2014.-152 s.
Baybarin, A.A. Ugolovnoe pravo Rossii. Obshchaya chast' [Tekst]: ucheb. posobie / A.A. Baybarin, A.A. Greben'kov, S.V. Sheveleva; Otv. red. A. A. Greben'kov; Yugo-Zap. gos. un-t. Kursk, 2013.-429 s.
Chislennost' naseleniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii po polu i vozrastu na 1 yanvarya 2014 goda [Tekst]: Federal'naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki / Dostup k informatsii: http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b14_111/Main.htm
Ofitsial'naya statistika. Naselenie. Sem'ya, materinstvo i detstvo [Tekst]: Federal'naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki / Dostup k informatsii: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/population/motherhood/
O Natsional'noy strategii deystviy v interesakh detey na 2012-2017 gody [Tekst]: Ukaz Prezidenta RF: [izdan 01.06.2012 ¹761, po sostoyaniyu na 22.09.2015] // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. – 2012.-¹23.-St. 2994
Sotsial'nyy portret prestupnosti [Tekst]: Informatsionno-analiticheskiy portal pravovoy statistiki General'noy prokuratury Rossiyskoy Federatsii / Dostup k informatsii: http://crimestat.ru/social_portrait

Review: This work analyzes the peculiarities of prosecutor’s supervision over the procedure of expedited inquest. The author believes that the new form of inquest can significantly increase the timeframe for criminal pursuit, as there are substantial theoretical gaps and contradictions. The time saved in expedited inquest can be incomparable with the time spent during a trial, when the court will have to establish the incomplete circumstances that are part of the evidence. The author proposes improving the legislation for realization of the principle of criminal procedure – a reasonable timeframe for criminal process in expedited inquest. The insufficient theoretical processing of the problems of application of norms, coupled with the possibility of provocation from the law enforcement with regards to the suspects produced reasonable doubt in application of the expedited form of inquiry, as it is based on the admission of guilt. At the same time, the absence of argument on the inadmissibility of evidence can cause irrevocable loss of trace of a crime, since the investigator does not evaluate the evidence in accordance with Part 1 of the Article 88 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: Prosecutor, Criminal procedure, Criminal pursuit, Circumstances, Proof, Dismissal, Complicity, Evidence, Expedited trial, Reasonable time

References:
Sumin A.A. Sokrashchennoe doznanie: mertvorozhdennoe ditya reformatorov ugolovnogo protsessa // Advokat.-2013.-¹ 10.-S. 5-9. Klyuchevye slova: razumnyy srok ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva; doznanie v sokrashchennoy forme; prokuror; effektivnaya ugolovno-protsessual'naya deyatel'nost'; ugolovnoe presledovanie.
Popov I.A. Doznaniya v sokrashchennoy forme: dostoinstva, nedostatki i pervye rezul'taty // Ugolovnoe sudoproizvodstvo.-M.: Yurist, 2013, ¹ 3.-S. 19-22.
Poluyaktova N. Sokrashchennomu doznaniyu byt'? // URL: http://justicemaker.ru/view-article.php?art=3653&id=22 (data obrashcheniya 12.05.2014).
Kruglikov, A.P. Dopolnenie UPK RF novoy glavoy o doznanii v sokrashchennoy forme i nekotorye problemy differentsiatsii ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstv //Rossiyskaya yustitsiya.-2013.-¹ 7.-S. 45-50.
Kazakov D.A. Pochemu Rossiya proigryvaet v Evropeyskom sude… i kak borot'sya na natsional'nom urovne. MROO «Komitet protiv pytok». N.Novgorod, 2010. s. 56.
Dikarev I.S., Gordeev P.S. Razumnost' protsessual'nykh srokov – printsip ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva // Problemy ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva Vestnik gosudarstvennogo Volgogradskogo universiteta: Seriya «Yurisprudentsiya». 2012 ¹1.-S. 115-118
Aleksandrov A.S., Safin R.R., Yunusov R.R. K voprosu o sozdanii sokrashchennoy formy dosudebnogo proizvodstva po ugolovnomu delu // Aktual'nye problemy ekonomiki i prava. 2012. ¹4. S. 264-265.
Rekomendatsiya Komiteta ministrov Soveta Evropy ot 06.10.2000 ¹R (2000) 19 «Komitet ministrov-gosudarstvam-chlenam o roli prokuratury v sisteme ugolovnogo pravosudiya» (prinyata Komitetom Ministrov Soveta Evropy 06.10.2000 na 724-m zasedanii predstaviteley Ministrov) Sistema GARANT: http://base.garant.ru/12124157/#ixzz30MY5YGno (data obrashcheniya 12.05.2014).
Yanchurkin O.V., Kamchatov K.V., Zhuravleva A.S. Prokurorskiy nadzor za protsessual'noy deyatel'nost'yu organov doznaniya i predvaritel'nogo sledstviya po ugolovnym delam v sfere torgovli lyud'mi // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 11.-S.64-77. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.11.9839. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9839.html
A.R. Gil'fanov. O nekotorykh problemakh pravoprimenitel'noy deyatel'nosti podrazdeleniy doznaniya pogranichnykh organov FSB Rossii // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.02.11
Aleksandrov A.N., Pleshakov A.M.. Ponyatie profilakticheskoy raboty v deyatel'nosti organov sled-stviya na dosudebnykh stadiyakh // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2012. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107.
V. M. Bykov. Politsiya kak organ doznaniya: nekotorye zamechaniya o novom zakone // Pravo i politika. – 2011. – ¹ 5.
Korchagin A.G., Fedotova N.P. Kvalifikatsiya i sub'ektivnye predposylki otvetstvennosti za prichinenie tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 5.-S.83-107. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.5.776. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_776.html
Terekhov A.Yu. K voprosu ob osnovaniyakh vybora sposoba sobiraniya dokazatel'stv v khode dosudebnogo proizvodstva po ugolovnomu delu // NB: Rossiyskoe politseyskoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 2.-S.62-76. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4218.2013.2.802. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/pm/article_802.html
Afanas'yadi V.G.. Realizatsiya rezul'tatov operativno-rozysknoy deyatel'nosti v dokazyvanii po ugolovnym delam o nezakonnom usynovlenii // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2013. – ¹ 8. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.8.928
Vinokurov A.Yu., Vinokurov Yu.E. O novom vzglyade na polnomochiya prokurora, svyazannye s primeneniem Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2012. - 5. - C. 34 - 38.
Vinokurov A.Yu. Administrativnoe presledovanie kak funktsiya prokuratury Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2012. - 10. - C. 52 - 56.
Abdulvaliev A.F. Predposylki i perspektivy vnedreniya elektronnoy formy ugolovnogo dela v deyatel'nost' sudebnykh organov // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 5. - C. 150 - 164. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.5.345. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_345.html
Karchevskiy N.V. Osnovnye napravleniya sovershenstvovaniya ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva v kontekste sotsial'nykh tendentsiy informatizatsii // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 6. - C. 152 - 196. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.6.8317. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_8317.html
O. G. Ivanova Ponyatie i vidy ugolovno-protsessual'nykh proizvodstv // Politika i Obshchestvo. - 2011. - 7. - C. 30 - 38.

References (transliteration):
Sumin A.A. Sokrashchennoe doznanie: mertvorozhdennoe ditya reformatorov ugolovnogo protsessa // Advokat.-2013.-¹ 10.-S. 5-9. Klyuchevye slova: razumnyy srok ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva; doznanie v sokrashchennoy forme; prokuror; effektivnaya ugolovno-protsessual'naya deyatel'nost'; ugolovnoe presledovanie.
Popov I.A. Doznaniya v sokrashchennoy forme: dostoinstva, nedostatki i pervye rezul'taty // Ugolovnoe sudoproizvodstvo.-M.: Yurist, 2013, ¹ 3.-S. 19-22.
Poluyaktova N. Sokrashchennomu doznaniyu byt'? // URL: http://justicemaker.ru/view-article.php?art=3653&id=22 (data obrashcheniya 12.05.2014).
Kruglikov, A.P. Dopolnenie UPK RF novoy glavoy o doznanii v sokrashchennoy forme i nekotorye problemy differentsiatsii ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstv //Rossiyskaya yustitsiya.-2013.-¹ 7.-S. 45-50.
Kazakov D.A. Pochemu Rossiya proigryvaet v Evropeyskom sude… i kak borot'sya na natsional'nom urovne. MROO «Komitet protiv pytok». N.Novgorod, 2010. s. 56.
Dikarev I.S., Gordeev P.S. Razumnost' protsessual'nykh srokov – printsip ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva // Problemy ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva Vestnik gosudarstvennogo Volgogradskogo universiteta: Seriya «Yurisprudentsiya». 2012 ¹1.-S. 115-118
Aleksandrov A.S., Safin R.R., Yunusov R.R. K voprosu o sozdanii sokrashchennoy formy dosudebnogo proizvodstva po ugolovnomu delu // Aktual'nye problemy ekonomiki i prava. 2012. ¹4. S. 264-265.
Rekomendatsiya Komiteta ministrov Soveta Evropy ot 06.10.2000 ¹R (2000) 19 «Komitet ministrov-gosudarstvam-chlenam o roli prokuratury v sisteme ugolovnogo pravosudiya» (prinyata Komitetom Ministrov Soveta Evropy 06.10.2000 na 724-m zasedanii predstaviteley Ministrov) Sistema GARANT: http://base.garant.ru/12124157/#ixzz30MY5YGno (data obrashcheniya 12.05.2014).
Yanchurkin O.V., Kamchatov K.V., Zhuravleva A.S. Prokurorskiy nadzor za protsessual'noy deyatel'nost'yu organov doznaniya i predvaritel'nogo sledstviya po ugolovnym delam v sfere torgovli lyud'mi // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 11.-S.64-77. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.11.9839. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9839.html
A.R. Gil'fanov. O nekotorykh problemakh pravoprimenitel'noy deyatel'nosti podrazdeleniy doznaniya pogranichnykh organov FSB Rossii // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.02.11
Aleksandrov A.N., Pleshakov A.M.. Ponyatie profilakticheskoy raboty v deyatel'nosti organov sled-stviya na dosudebnykh stadiyakh // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2012. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107.
V. M. Bykov. Politsiya kak organ doznaniya: nekotorye zamechaniya o novom zakone // Pravo i politika. – 2011. – ¹ 5.
Korchagin A.G., Fedotova N.P. Kvalifikatsiya i sub'ektivnye predposylki otvetstvennosti za prichinenie tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 5.-S.83-107. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.5.776. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_776.html
Terekhov A.Yu. K voprosu ob osnovaniyakh vybora sposoba sobiraniya dokazatel'stv v khode dosudebnogo proizvodstva po ugolovnomu delu // NB: Rossiyskoe politseyskoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 2.-S.62-76. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4218.2013.2.802. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/pm/article_802.html
Afanas'yadi V.G.. Realizatsiya rezul'tatov operativno-rozysknoy deyatel'nosti v dokazyvanii po ugolovnym delam o nezakonnom usynovlenii // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2013. – ¹ 8. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.8.928
Vinokurov A.Yu., Vinokurov Yu.E. O novom vzglyade na polnomochiya prokurora, svyazannye s primeneniem Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2012. - 5. - C. 34 - 38.
Vinokurov A.Yu. Administrativnoe presledovanie kak funktsiya prokuratury Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2012. - 10. - C. 52 - 56.
Abdulvaliev A.F. Predposylki i perspektivy vnedreniya elektronnoy formy ugolovnogo dela v deyatel'nost' sudebnykh organov // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 5. - C. 150 - 164. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.5.345. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_345.html
Karchevskiy N.V. Osnovnye napravleniya sovershenstvovaniya ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva v kontekste sotsial'nykh tendentsiy informatizatsii // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 6. - C. 152 - 196. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.6.8317. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_8317.html
O. G. Ivanova Ponyatie i vidy ugolovno-protsessual'nykh proizvodstv // Politika i Obshchestvo. - 2011. - 7. - C. 30 - 38.

Review: This article is dedicated to the question of mutual rights and obligations of the representative and third parties, as well as the represented and third parties within the framework of legal relations of the representation in Russian and American legal systems. The author conducts a comparative analysis of the legal relations of the representation within Russian and American legal systems on the example of legal regulation of mutual rights of the main parties of legal relations with third parties. The author also examines issues such as: emergence of mutual rights and obligations between the represented and third parties; informing third parties by the represented party; right (obligation) of the representative to enter into relations with third parties and the circle of his authority; limitation of rights of the representative to enter into relations with third parties for the purposes of acting in their interests. It is substantiated that the legal relations of the representation, as well as their legal regulation within Russian and American laws are rather similar. It is confirmed by the possibility of highlighting principles that are in common in both laws and the elements of these legal relations, the main of which are the rights and obligations of third parties in their cooperation with the main parties to legal relations of the representation.

Keywords: USA, Russia, Obligations, Rights, Third party, Agent, Principal, Representation, Civil law, Jurisprudence

References:
J.D. Hynes, Agency, Partnership and LLC (2001), 2nd ed. R. 138.
S.B. Presser, An introduction to the Law of Business Organizations. Cases, Notes and Questions. Third Edition. West. p. 28.
Subbotin N.A. Predstavitel'stvo v anglo-amerikanskom prave. Diss. k.yu.n. M., 1983. S. 120.
R.J. Conviser, Gilbert Law Summaries, Agency, Partnership, and Limited liability companies, 5th ed. 2003, r. 28.
D.S. Kleinberger, Agency, Partnership, and LLC’s (2nd ed. 2002), p. 22
R. Munday, Agency: Law and Principles‬, Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 41 ssq.‬‬‬
R.J. Conviser, Gilbert Law Summaries, Agency, Partnership, and Limited liability companies, 5th ed. 2003, r. 68, 69.
K.J. Haupt, D.L. Rockwell, Principles of California Real Estate, Rockwell Publishing, 2006. p. 162 ssq.
D.S. Kleinberger, Agency, Partnership, and LLC’s (2nd ed. 2002), p. 20.
Postanovlenie Prezidiuma VAS RF ot 14.06.2001 ¹ 6510/00 po delu ¹ A40-1662/00-50-18
Egorov A.V. Ponyatie o priznaki posrednichestva v grazhdanskom prave // Yurist. 2002. ¹ 1. S. 23
Krasavchikov O.A. Grazhdanskie organizatsionno-pravovye otnosheniya // Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo. 1966. ¹ 10. S. 56.
W. Bowstead, Law of Agency, The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.‬, 2006. p. 34.‬
Tsvaygert K., Ketts X. Vvedenie v sravnitel'noe pravovedenie v sfere chastnogo prava. V 2-kh t. T. 2. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1998. S. 148.

References (transliteration):
J.D. Hynes, Agency, Partnership and LLC (2001), 2nd ed. R. 138.
S.B. Presser, An introduction to the Law of Business Organizations. Cases, Notes and Questions. Third Edition. West. p. 28.
Subbotin N.A. Predstavitel'stvo v anglo-amerikanskom prave. Diss. k.yu.n. M., 1983. S. 120.
R.J. Conviser, Gilbert Law Summaries, Agency, Partnership, and Limited liability companies, 5th ed. 2003, r. 28.
D.S. Kleinberger, Agency, Partnership, and LLC’s (2nd ed. 2002), p. 22
R. Munday, Agency: Law and Principles‬, Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 41 ssq.‬‬‬
R.J. Conviser, Gilbert Law Summaries, Agency, Partnership, and Limited liability companies, 5th ed. 2003, r. 68, 69.
K.J. Haupt, D.L. Rockwell, Principles of California Real Estate, Rockwell Publishing, 2006. p. 162 ssq.
D.S. Kleinberger, Agency, Partnership, and LLC’s (2nd ed. 2002), p. 20.
Postanovlenie Prezidiuma VAS RF ot 14.06.2001 ¹ 6510/00 po delu ¹ A40-1662/00-50-18
Egorov A.V. Ponyatie o priznaki posrednichestva v grazhdanskom prave // Yurist. 2002. ¹ 1. S. 23
Krasavchikov O.A. Grazhdanskie organizatsionno-pravovye otnosheniya // Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo. 1966. ¹ 10. S. 56.
W. Bowstead, Law of Agency, The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.‬, 2006. p. 34.‬
Tsvaygert K., Ketts X. Vvedenie v sravnitel'noe pravovedenie v sfere chastnogo prava. V 2-kh t. T. 2. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1998. S. 148.

Review: In the Russian Federation, the legal basis of the establishment and work of the arbitration courts is contained within the Federal Law from July 24, 2002 No. 102-FZ “On Arbitration Courts in the Russian Federation”. The subject of this research is the limitations of the competency of arbitration, constitutionality of number of positions from the law on arbitration courts, authority of the court to hear disputes on adherence to the state (municipal) contracts, and contracts that emerge from regulated acquisitions. Another group of disputes, which directly touches on the issues of competency of the arbitration court, pertains to affiliation of the arbitration court with the parties of dispute. Analysis of the legal precedent allows us to conclude that determination of the competency of the arbitrary courts in practice raises a lot of questions, and creates an obvious uncertainty for the participants of the civil procedure. The article examines which disputes, even though coming from civil legal relations, cannot be transferred for hearing by the arbitration courts.

Keywords: state contract, municipal contract, contract system, agreement, civil legal relations, constitution, affiliation, autonomous organization, affiliation, arbitration court

References:
Guseva T. A. Kontrol' za soblyudeniem byudzhetnogo zakonodatel'stva // Sovremennoe obshchestvo i pravo. 2014. ¹ 1. S. 67-75.
Kudilinskiy M. N. Administrativnye protsedury razmeshcheniya gosudarstvennogo zakaza // Pravovedenie. 2009. ¹ 3.
Stupnikov O. A. Administrativnaya protsedura razmeshcheniya zakazov: problemy teorii i praktiki: Diss. … kand. yurid. nauk. Voronezh, 2011.
Churyaev A. V. Ocherki stanovleniya i razvitiya administrativnogo prava. Orel, 2014.
Konovalova N. V., Agal'tsova M. V. Arbitrabil'nost' sporov iz aktsionernykh soglasheniy // Zakon. 2014. ¹ 4.

References (transliteration):
Guseva T. A. Kontrol' za soblyudeniem byudzhetnogo zakonodatel'stva // Sovremennoe obshchestvo i pravo. 2014. ¹ 1. S. 67-75.
Kudilinskiy M. N. Administrativnye protsedury razmeshcheniya gosudarstvennogo zakaza // Pravovedenie. 2009. ¹ 3.
Stupnikov O. A. Administrativnaya protsedura razmeshcheniya zakazov: problemy teorii i praktiki: Diss. … kand. yurid. nauk. Voronezh, 2011.
Churyaev A. V. Ocherki stanovleniya i razvitiya administrativnogo prava. Orel, 2014.
Konovalova N. V., Agal'tsova M. V. Arbitrabil'nost' sporov iz aktsionernykh soglasheniy // Zakon. 2014. ¹ 4.

Review: This article is dedicated to the research of certain issues associated with right to ownership within public law formations in cases of residential properties in newly started and unfinished building projects. In the course of this research the author establishes incompliance with the positions of the Article 246 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in the area of investments into construction projects on contractual basis, one of the facets of which is the public law formation. The author also determines that the contradictory legal precedent in material litigation of the subjects of public and private law, containing demands to recognize the right to ownership of housing that are within buildings that are being completed. For the purposes of protecting public and private property rights, the author proposes introducing changes to the legislation pertaining to coverage of legal requirement for management of properties of common partial ownership in both, the properties of re-started construction of real estate, as well as in regards to unfinished construction projects.

Keywords: Jurisprudence, residential building, public law formation, real estate, property, common partial ownership, abandoned construction, investment, management, co-investing

References:
Sudebnye akty po delu ¹ A40-168366/12 // elektronnyy resurs: (http://kad.arbitr.ru/).
Resheniya Zamoskvoretskogo rayonnogo suda goroda Moskvy ot 07.05.2010 po delu ¹ 2-2190/10, ot 09.08.2010 po delu ¹ 2-4255/10, ot 03.11.2010 po delu ¹ 2-6619/10, ot 09.08.2010 po delu ¹ 2-4250/10, ot 09.08.2010 po delu ¹ 2-4329/10. Resheniya Tverskogo rayonnogo suda g. Moskvy ot 09.04.2015 po delu ¹ 2-312/2015, ot 19.03.2015 po delu ¹ 2-1050/2015.
Sudebnye akty po delu ¹ A40-40557/11 // elektronnyy resurs: (http://kad.arbitr.ru/).
Zhabreev V.S. Vozniknovenie veshchnykh prav na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo: Dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.03 / GOU VPO «Ural'skaya gosudarstvennaya yuridicheskaya akademiya». Ekaterinburg, 2005. 193 s.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 30.12.2004 N 214-FZ (red. ot 13.07.2015) «Ob uchastii v dolevom stroitel'stve mnogokvartirnykh domov i inykh ob'ektov nedvizhimosti i o vnesenii izmeneniy v nekotorye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii» (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 01.10.2015) // Parlamentskaya gazeta, N 5-6, 14.01.2005.
Korotkikh O.A. Pravo sobstvennosti na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo: osobennosti grazhdansko-pravovogo regulirovaniya: Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.03 / Rossiyskaya akademiya pravosudiya. M., 2009. 232 s.
Kovedyaev S.V. Vozniknovenie prava sobstvennosti na ob'ekt stroitel'stva v dogovorakh stroitel'nogo podryada // Yurist. 2011. N 2. S. 20-27.
Osushchestvlenie gosudarstvom prava sobstvennosti na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo, sostavlyayushchee ego kaznu (na primere zdaniy i sooruzheniy) / pod nauch. red. N.F. Kachur. M.: Yurisprudentsiya, 2012. 280 s.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 25.02.1999 N 39-FZ (red. ot 28.12.2013) «Ob investitsionnoy deyatel'nosti v Rossiyskoy Federatsii, osushchestvlyaemoy v forme kapital'nykh vlozheniy» // Rossiyskaya gazeta, N 41-42, 04.03.1999.
Shvedkova O.V. Priobretenie i osushchestvlenie prava sobstvennosti grazhdan na zhilye pomeshcheniya: Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.03 / Ros. gos. torgovo-ekonom. Un-t. M., 2004. 179 s.
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' pervaya) ot 30.11.1994 N 51-FZ (red. ot 31.01.2016) // Rossiyskaya gazeta, N 238-239, 08.12.1994.
Reshenie Arbitrazhnogo suda goroda Moskvy ot 04.06.2012 po delu ¹ A40-113135/11 // elektronnyy resurs: (http://kad.arbitr.ru/)

References (transliteration):
Sudebnye akty po delu ¹ A40-168366/12 // elektronnyy resurs: (http://kad.arbitr.ru/).
Resheniya Zamoskvoretskogo rayonnogo suda goroda Moskvy ot 07.05.2010 po delu ¹ 2-2190/10, ot 09.08.2010 po delu ¹ 2-4255/10, ot 03.11.2010 po delu ¹ 2-6619/10, ot 09.08.2010 po delu ¹ 2-4250/10, ot 09.08.2010 po delu ¹ 2-4329/10. Resheniya Tverskogo rayonnogo suda g. Moskvy ot 09.04.2015 po delu ¹ 2-312/2015, ot 19.03.2015 po delu ¹ 2-1050/2015.
Sudebnye akty po delu ¹ A40-40557/11 // elektronnyy resurs: (http://kad.arbitr.ru/).
Zhabreev V.S. Vozniknovenie veshchnykh prav na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo: Dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.03 / GOU VPO «Ural'skaya gosudarstvennaya yuridicheskaya akademiya». Ekaterinburg, 2005. 193 s.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 30.12.2004 N 214-FZ (red. ot 13.07.2015) «Ob uchastii v dolevom stroitel'stve mnogokvartirnykh domov i inykh ob'ektov nedvizhimosti i o vnesenii izmeneniy v nekotorye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii» (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 01.10.2015) // Parlamentskaya gazeta, N 5-6, 14.01.2005.
Korotkikh O.A. Pravo sobstvennosti na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo: osobennosti grazhdansko-pravovogo regulirovaniya: Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.03 / Rossiyskaya akademiya pravosudiya. M., 2009. 232 s.
Kovedyaev S.V. Vozniknovenie prava sobstvennosti na ob'ekt stroitel'stva v dogovorakh stroitel'nogo podryada // Yurist. 2011. N 2. S. 20-27.
Osushchestvlenie gosudarstvom prava sobstvennosti na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo, sostavlyayushchee ego kaznu (na primere zdaniy i sooruzheniy) / pod nauch. red. N.F. Kachur. M.: Yurisprudentsiya, 2012. 280 s.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 25.02.1999 N 39-FZ (red. ot 28.12.2013) «Ob investitsionnoy deyatel'nosti v Rossiyskoy Federatsii, osushchestvlyaemoy v forme kapital'nykh vlozheniy» // Rossiyskaya gazeta, N 41-42, 04.03.1999.
Shvedkova O.V. Priobretenie i osushchestvlenie prava sobstvennosti grazhdan na zhilye pomeshcheniya: Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.03 / Ros. gos. torgovo-ekonom. Un-t. M., 2004. 179 s.
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' pervaya) ot 30.11.1994 N 51-FZ (red. ot 31.01.2016) // Rossiyskaya gazeta, N 238-239, 08.12.1994.
Reshenie Arbitrazhnogo suda goroda Moskvy ot 04.06.2012 po delu ¹ A40-113135/11 // elektronnyy resurs: (http://kad.arbitr.ru/)

Review: The article is devoted to the analysis of the nature of mediation agreements as a result of conflict resolution between parents, spouses and other family members. The author studied the relationship between these agreements, and agreements concluded between the same subjects in accordance with the requirements of family law. A conclusion is made on the validity of agreements between parties in family legal conflict in mediation. It is revealed that in some cases mediation agreements with observance of all norms of the legislation on mediation will be negligible from the perspective of family law. The paper used General scientific (analysis and synthesis, abstraction and specification) and private-scientific methods of research (formal-legal, technical-legal). It is argued that depending on the terms of mediation agreements, for the specified legal consequences should comply with the requirements provided for family and legal agreements with the same content. The author takes into account the difference in purpose of the two types of studied agreements and preclude their identification. To resolve the resulting conflict, the author offers a new approach to understanding the nature of mediation agreements. This approach ensures the logical completion of the settlement of family legal dispute, but excludes the change in family relationships without concluding a family law agreement. To determine the list of necessary family and legal agreements, the author provides classification of family legal conflicts, and identifies all types of conflicts arising from a family relationship that are subject to legislation on mediation. According to the author, the proposed theoretical developments will be significant in creating legal rules in the field of methodical ensuring activities of mediators.

Keywords: Parental agreement, Spousal agreement, Family mediation, Mediated agreement, Agreement, Family legal relations, Family law conflict, Mediation, Family agreement, Family law

References:
Federal'nyy zakon ot 27.07.2010 ¹ 193-FZ «Ob al'ternativnoy protsedure uregulirovaniya sporov s uchastiem posrednika (protsedure mediatsii)»: po sost. na 23.07.2013// SZ RF.-2010.-¹ 31.-St. 4162.
Denisenko V. V. Mediatsiya v publichnom i chastnom prave i ee neobkhodimost' s pozitsii sovremennykh teoriy pravoponimaniya. / V. V. Denisenko // Mirovoy sud'ya.-2015.-¹ 8.-S. 15-20.
Pankratova M. E. Problemy pravovogo regulirovaniya instituta mediatsii v Rossii i puti ikh resheniya. / M. E. Panktratova// Sovremennoe pravo.-2015.-¹ 11.-S. 99-109.
Kuropatskaya E. G. Mediatsiya kak sposob zashchity prav rebenka v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. / E. G. Kuropatskaya // Zakony Rossii: opyt, analiz, praktika.-2015.-¹ 8.-S. 70-74.
Kommentariy k Federal'nomu zakonu «Ob al'ternativnoy protsedure uregulirovaniya sporov s uchastiem posrednika (protsedure mediatsii)». / otv. red. S. K. Zagaynova, V. V. Yarkov.-Moskva: Infotropik Media, 2011.-272 s.
Vorozheykin E. M. Semeynye pravootnosheniya v SSSR. / E. M. Vorozheykin.-M., Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1972.-336 s.
Svit Yu. P. Soglashenie o detyakh kak sposob opredeleniya sud'by detey pri rastorzhenii braka. / Yu. P. Svit //Zakony Rossii.-2008.-¹ 5.-S. 39-44.
Allakhverdova O. V. Shkola posrednichestva (mediatsii) // Khrestomatiya al'ternativnogo razresheniya sporov: uchebno-metodicheskie materiay i prakticheskie rekomendatsii / sost. G. V. Sevast'yanov.-SPb.: ANO «Redaktsiya zhurnala «Treteyskiy sud», 2009.-528s.
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Federal'nyy zakon ot 27.07.2010 ¹ 193-FZ «Ob al'ternativnoy protsedure uregulirovaniya sporov s uchastiem posrednika (protsedure mediatsii)»: po sost. na 23.07.2013// SZ RF.-2010.-¹ 31.-St. 4162.
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Akopdzhanova M.O. Institut mediatsii v rossiyskom prave // Finansy i upravlenie. - 2016. - 1. - C. 28 - 36. DOI: 10.7256/2409-7802.2016.1.15818. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/flc/article_15818.html

Review: The subject of this research is the theoretical, legal-normative and practical aspects of identifying the defendant in the course of criminal procedure. The goals of this work are as follows: 1) to determine the interdepartmental collisions of the norms of criminal-procedural, detective-investigative, and other legislation that regulates the establishment of identity of the defendant: 2) to identify the problems of the investigative and prosecutorial practice of application of these norms; 3) to propose possible solutions by both, the changes to the current federal legislation, as well as improvements to the detective, investigative, and court practice. The novelty of the acquired results consists in the interdepartmental and interdisciplinary approach to the issue of establishing the identity of the defendant. The conclusions are formulated in form of the following proposals: 1) the terms “verifying the identity” and “establishing identity” used in various laws and other legal acts must be clearly demarcated; 2) the first procedure represents a visual verification of documents that establish person’s identity; 3) establishing the identity means a complex of actions aimed at identification of the individual in case of absence of required documents and person’s refusal to provide their personal identification information or in case of suspicion as to validity of the information provided.

Keywords: limits of proof, subject of proof, suspect, defendant, Interdepartmental collisions, identity, identification, investigator, Verifying personal identification, Establishing identity

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O soblyudenii sudami Rossiyskoy Federatsii protsessual'nogo zakonodatel'stva pri sudebnom razbiratel'stve ugolovnykh del: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RSFSR ot 17 sentyabrya 1975 g. ¹ 5 (v red. postanovleniya Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 21.12.1993 ¹ 11 [Elektronnyy resurs] Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoy sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus» (data obrashcheniya: 28.12.2014).
O merakh po povysheniyu effektivnosti ispol'zovaniya v dokazyvanii po ugolovnym delam sledov biologicheskogo proiskhozhdeniya cheloveka: informatsionnoe pis'mo pervogo zamestitelya Predsedatelya Sledstvennogo komiteta RF V.I. Piskareva ot 22.01.2014 iskh. ¹ 214/1-1839-14/6706.
Ob utverzhdenii Instruktsii po organizatsii informatsionnogo obespecheniya sotrudnichestva po linii Interpola: prikaz MVD RF ¹ 786, Minyusta RF ¹ 310, FSB RF ¹ 470, FSO RF ¹ 454, FSKN RF ¹ 333, FTS RF ¹ 971 ot 06.10.2006: ofits. tekst: po sostoyaniyu na 22 sentyabrya 2009 g. // Byulleten' normativnykh aktov federal'nykh organov ispolnitel'noy vlasti. – 2006. – ¹ 47.
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Kozinkin, V. A. Ispol'zovanie v rassledovanii prestupleniy informatsii, obnaruzhivaemykh v sredstvakh sotovykh sistem podvizhnoy svyazi: monografiya. [Tekst] / V.A. Kozinkin. – M., 2010. – 192 s.
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Kozlova N., Brezgina, V. V tyur'mu poshel dvoynik [Tekst] // Ros. gazeta. – 2013. – 22 noyab.
Lushechkina M. A. Kriminalisticheskoe izuchenie lichnosti v taktike rassledovaniya [Tekst]: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. – M., 2002. – 217 s.
Muzychenko P. B. Ob osnovnykh dokumentakh, udostoveryayushchikh lichnost' grazhdanina RF na territorii RF [Tekst] / P. B. Muzychenko // Notarius. – 2013. – ¹ 8. – S. 42-45.
Neretin N. N. Izuchenie lichnosti obvinyaemogo pri proizvodstve predvaritel'nogo sledstviya v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve [Tekst] / N. N. Neretin // Ugolovnoe sudoproizvodstvo. – 2009. – ¹ 1. – S. 19-20.
Nikol'skikh, L. M., Mantsurov, D. Yu. Obosnovannost' primeneniya analogii v ugolovno-protsessual'noy deyatel'nosti pri zaderzhanii i areste obvinyaemykh, ne imeyushchikh dokumentov, udostoveryayushchikh lichnost' [Tekst] / L. M. Nikol'skikh D. Yu. Mantsurov // Aktual'nye problemy bor'by s prestupnost'yu v Dal'nevostochnom regione: Sbornik nauch. tr. po materialam mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. 18-19 maya 2005 g. – Khabarovsk, 2005. – 322 s.
Otkidach, A. O. K voprosu ob izuchenii lichnosti obvinyaemogo na predvaritel'nom sledstvii [Tekst] / A. O. Otkidach // Ros. sledovatel'. – 2007. – ¹ 1.– S. 31-33.
Predvaritel'noe sledstvie [Tekst]: uchebnik dlya kursantov i slushateley obrazovatel'nykh uchrezhdeniy vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya MVD Rossii po spetsial'nosti «Yurisprudentsiya» / pod red. M.V. Meshkova. – M., 2009. – 319 s.
Rozental', M. Ya. Spravochnik sledovatelya (obyazatel'nyy minimum deystviy po ugolovnym delam nekotorykh kategoriy i rekomendatsii po otdel'nym voprosam rassledovaniya prestupleniy) [Tekst] / M. Ya. Rozental'. – M., 1994. – 110 s.
Ruzanova, N. Ironiya sud'by [Tekst] // Ros. gazeta. – 2010. – 7 apr.
Semenov, Yu. S. Protivostoyanie [Tekst] / Yu. S. Semenov. – M., 1984. – 272 s.
Ugolovno-protsessual'noe pravo (Ugolovnyy protsess) [Tekst]: uchebnik dlya studentov vuzov, obuchayushchikhsya po napravleniyu podgotovki «Yurisprudentsiya» / pod red. A. V. Endol'tsevoy, O. V. Khimichevoy, E. N. Kleshchinoy. – M., 2014. – 727 s.
Ustimov M. A., Vasyaev, A. A. Ustanovlenie obstoyatel'stv, kharakterizuyushchikh lichnost' podsudimogo [Tekst] / M. A. Ustimov, A. A. Vasyaev // Ugolovnoe pravo. – 2007. – ¹ 5. – S. 91-93.

Review: The subject of this research is the court practice in regulating the transfer of shares of a limited liability corporation in case of inheritance. The author gives a thorough examination to the problems of inheritance of a portion of the shares in order to identify the cause that he sees not only in the fact that these legal relations are at the borderline of regulation of two (corporate and inheritance) legal branches, but also in the legal nature of shares in a limited liability corporation. Based on a detailed analysis of the normative base, court decisions, and theoretical research, the author questions the validity of the formed understanding of the essence of this object of civil legal relations, which does not take into account its complex nature. Based on the presumption of invisibility of rights that form the portion in the authorizes capital, the author makes a conclusion that the civil legal regime of this object should not allow transferring of portion of the rights to the inheritor or other third parties. The author also proposes to exclude the norms from the legislation that allow inheritance of a portion of the stake, since they deform the complex nature of the share and create prerequisites for acquisition of property right by the inheritor separate from corporate rights that the heir may not have due to presence of various conditions.  

Keywords: inheritance, society, stake, authorized capital, participant, inheritor, common property , heirship, corporate rights, complex of rights

References:
Bobkov S.A. Ustupka doli v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. 2002. ¹ 7.
Babaev A.B., Babkin S.A., Bevzenko R.S., Belov V.A., Tarasenko Yu.A. Grazhdanskoe pravo. Aktual'nye problemy teorii i praktiki. – M., 2015.
Belootchenko E.A. K voprosu o momente priobreteniya statusa uchastnika obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu v sluchae nasledovaniya doli v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva // Nasledstvennoe pravo. 2014. ¹ 4.
Bol'shoy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar'. 2-e izd. – Spb. 1998.
Vystrop E.I. Rostovtseva N.V. Problemy nasledovaniya dole v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Nasledstvennoe pravo. 2013. ¹ 4 // SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Gongalo B.M. Dolya v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu kak ob'ekt grazhdanskogo oborota // Problemy razvitiya chastnogo prava: Sbornik statey k yubileyu V.S. Ema / Otv. red.: N.V. Kozlova, E.A. Sukhanov – M.: Statut, 2011.
Grigor'ev M. Vinditsiruy nezrimoe // EZh-Yurist. 2010. ¹15. SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Korporativnoe pravo. Uchebnik / Otv. red. I.S. Shitkina – M., 2015 // CPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Mozhilyan S.A. Osobennosti nasledovaniya doli v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Nasledstvennoe pravo. 2014. ¹ 1.
Novoselova L.A. Nasledovanie doli v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Khozyaystvo i pravo. 2010. ¹ 11.
Novoselova L.A. Oborotosposobnost' doli v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Statut. 2007 // SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Ulybin V.A. Nasledovanie doli v ustavnom kapitale obshchestv s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Notarius. 2013. ¹ 5 // SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Chernyshev G. Oborot doley v ustavnom kapitale // EZh-Yurist. 2005. ¹ 38 // SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Shevchenko S. Perekhod doley obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Zakonnost'. 2004. ¹ 10;
Shitkina I. Dolya uchastiya v ustavnom kapitale OOO: otchuzhdenie, nasledovanie, razdel // Yurist speshit na pomoshch'. 2013. ¹ 2 // SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».

References (transliteration):
Bobkov S.A. Ustupka doli v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. 2002. ¹ 7.
Babaev A.B., Babkin S.A., Bevzenko R.S., Belov V.A., Tarasenko Yu.A. Grazhdanskoe pravo. Aktual'nye problemy teorii i praktiki. – M., 2015.
Belootchenko E.A. K voprosu o momente priobreteniya statusa uchastnika obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu v sluchae nasledovaniya doli v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva // Nasledstvennoe pravo. 2014. ¹ 4.
Bol'shoy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar'. 2-e izd. – Spb. 1998.
Vystrop E.I. Rostovtseva N.V. Problemy nasledovaniya dole v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Nasledstvennoe pravo. 2013. ¹ 4 // SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Gongalo B.M. Dolya v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu kak ob'ekt grazhdanskogo oborota // Problemy razvitiya chastnogo prava: Sbornik statey k yubileyu V.S. Ema / Otv. red.: N.V. Kozlova, E.A. Sukhanov – M.: Statut, 2011.
Grigor'ev M. Vinditsiruy nezrimoe // EZh-Yurist. 2010. ¹15. SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Korporativnoe pravo. Uchebnik / Otv. red. I.S. Shitkina – M., 2015 // CPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Mozhilyan S.A. Osobennosti nasledovaniya doli v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Nasledstvennoe pravo. 2014. ¹ 1.
Novoselova L.A. Nasledovanie doli v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Khozyaystvo i pravo. 2010. ¹ 11.
Novoselova L.A. Oborotosposobnost' doli v ustavnom kapitale obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Statut. 2007 // SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Ulybin V.A. Nasledovanie doli v ustavnom kapitale obshchestv s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Notarius. 2013. ¹ 5 // SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Chernyshev G. Oborot doley v ustavnom kapitale // EZh-Yurist. 2005. ¹ 38 // SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Shevchenko S. Perekhod doley obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu // Zakonnost'. 2004. ¹ 10;
Shitkina I. Dolya uchastiya v ustavnom kapitale OOO: otchuzhdenie, nasledovanie, razdel // Yurist speshit na pomoshch'. 2013. ¹ 2 // SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».

Review: This article presents analysis of the legal constructs (seizure of land, easement, lease agreement), which would allow access to private land for the purpose of placing linear or other economically significant objects of state and local importance. The subject of this study is the norms of the Russian legislation that regulates the relations pertaining to construction and reconstruction of such objects, as well as the positions of doctrinal research on this topic and legal positions reflected in legal precedent. The authors come to a conclusion that none of the stated legal mechanisms can be unequivocally recommended to persons interested in placement of linear or other economically significant objects on private land due to legal issues associated with their application. Based on this fact, the authors formulate a proposal on improving the current legislation.

Keywords: Placement, Lease agreement, Easement, Seizure of land, Objects of local importance, Objects of state importance, Linear objects, Construction, Reconstruction, Balance of interests

References:
Khaustov D.V. Obzor novogo zakonodatel'stva i sudebnoy praktiki // Ekologicheskoe pravo. 2015. ¹ 3. S. 40 – 47.
Mayboroda V.A. Iz'yatie zemel'nykh uchastkov dlya publichnykh nuzhd // Pravovye voprosy nedvizhimosti. 2015. ¹ 1. S. 28-32.
Boltanova E.S. Pravovoe regulirovanie prinuditel'nogo otchuzhdeniya nedvizhimogo imushchestva dlya gosudarstvennykh ili munitsipal'nykh nuzhd // Imushchestvennye otnosheniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2015. ¹ 6. S. 6-15.
Aver'yanova N.N. Novoe zakonodatel'stvo o zemel'nykh servitutakh // Pravo i ekonomika. 2015. ¹ S. 63-67.

References (transliteration):
Khaustov D.V. Obzor novogo zakonodatel'stva i sudebnoy praktiki // Ekologicheskoe pravo. 2015. ¹ 3. S. 40 – 47.
Mayboroda V.A. Iz'yatie zemel'nykh uchastkov dlya publichnykh nuzhd // Pravovye voprosy nedvizhimosti. 2015. ¹ 1. S. 28-32.
Boltanova E.S. Pravovoe regulirovanie prinuditel'nogo otchuzhdeniya nedvizhimogo imushchestva dlya gosudarstvennykh ili munitsipal'nykh nuzhd // Imushchestvennye otnosheniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2015. ¹ 6. S. 6-15.
Aver'yanova N.N. Novoe zakonodatel'stvo o zemel'nykh servitutakh // Pravo i ekonomika. 2015. ¹ S. 63-67.

Review: This article examines the issue of procedural guarantees of defendant’s right to not testify against themselves. The article reveals the constitutional and international legal basis for this right, and analyzes the key positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights. The authors note that the aforementioned right covers all statements made by the defendant regardless of their incriminating nature. A special attention is given to the analysis of the legal precedent, where the evidence acquired in violation of this right (protocols of verification of statements on the scene, confrontational questioning) are still deemed admissible. The work determines the prerequisites for such approach and underlines its contradictions with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation. Particularly during the trial by jury, it is important to explain the full and precise meaning to the jurors of the right of the defendant to not testify against themselves.

Keywords: Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, European Court, criminal case, self-incrimination, accused, procedural guarantees, evidence, judicial practice, confrontation, trial by jury

References:
Asnis A.Ya., Kravchenko D.V. O nekotorykh voprosakh, svyazannykh s konstitutsionnym pravom ne svidetel'stvovat' protiv sebya, v rossiyskoy ugolovnoy pravoprimenitel'noy praktike// Vestnik advokatskoy palaty Kirovskoy oblasti. 2015. ¹ 6.
Zemtsova A.V. Sposob polucheniya svidetel'skikh pokazaniy kak uslovie ikh dopustimosti // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. 2009. ¹ 21.
Nasonov S.A. Naputstvennoe slovo predsedatel'stvuyushchego v sude prisyazhnykh. M.: R. Valent, 2006.
Opredelenie Konstitutsionnogo Suda RF ot 16 dek. 2004 g. ¹ 448-O «Ob otkaze v prinyatii k rassmotreniyu zaprosa Cherkesskogo gorodskogo suda Karachaevo-Cherkesskoy Respubliki o proverke konstitutsionnosti punkta 2 chasti 4 stat'i 46 i punkta 3 chasti 4 stat'i 47 Ugolovno-protsessual'nogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii»// SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Opredelenie Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 3 iyunya 2005 g. N 82-o05-13 // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie Konstitutsionnogo Cuda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 25 aprelya 2001 g. N 6-P// SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie Evropeyskogo suda po pravam cheloveka ot 5 noyabrya 2002 g. po delu "Allan (Allan) protiv Soedinennogo Korolevstva" (zhaloba N 48539/99) // Byulleten' Evropeyskogo suda po pravam cheloveka. 2003. N 4.
Postanovlenie ESPCh po delu «Beklz protiv Soedinennogo Korolevstva» (Beckles v. the United Kingdom) ot 8 oktyabrya 2002 g. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie ESPCh po delu «Kondron protiv Soedinennogo Korolevstva» (Condron v. the United Kingdom) ot 2 maya 2000 g. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie ESPCh po delu «Saunders protiv Soedinennogo Korolevstva» (Saunders v. United Kingdom) ot 17 dekabrya 1996 g. Evropeyskiy Sud po pravam cheloveka. Izbrannye resheniya. T.2. M.,2000.
Porubov N.I. Taktika doprosa na predvaritel'nom sledstvii. M., 1998.
Savitskiy V.M., Larin A.M. Ugolovnyy protsess: Slovar'-spravochnik. M., 1999.
Teterin B.S., Troshkin E.Z. Vozbuzhdenie i rassledovanie ugolovnykh del. M., 1997.
Ugolovnoe delo ¹ 1-243/2015. Arkhiv Taganskogo rayonnogo suda g. Moskvy.

References (transliteration):
Asnis A.Ya., Kravchenko D.V. O nekotorykh voprosakh, svyazannykh s konstitutsionnym pravom ne svidetel'stvovat' protiv sebya, v rossiyskoy ugolovnoy pravoprimenitel'noy praktike// Vestnik advokatskoy palaty Kirovskoy oblasti. 2015. ¹ 6.
Zemtsova A.V. Sposob polucheniya svidetel'skikh pokazaniy kak uslovie ikh dopustimosti // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. 2009. ¹ 21.
Nasonov S.A. Naputstvennoe slovo predsedatel'stvuyushchego v sude prisyazhnykh. M.: R. Valent, 2006.
Opredelenie Konstitutsionnogo Suda RF ot 16 dek. 2004 g. ¹ 448-O «Ob otkaze v prinyatii k rassmotreniyu zaprosa Cherkesskogo gorodskogo suda Karachaevo-Cherkesskoy Respubliki o proverke konstitutsionnosti punkta 2 chasti 4 stat'i 46 i punkta 3 chasti 4 stat'i 47 Ugolovno-protsessual'nogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii»// SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Opredelenie Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 3 iyunya 2005 g. N 82-o05-13 // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie Konstitutsionnogo Cuda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 25 aprelya 2001 g. N 6-P// SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie Evropeyskogo suda po pravam cheloveka ot 5 noyabrya 2002 g. po delu "Allan (Allan) protiv Soedinennogo Korolevstva" (zhaloba N 48539/99) // Byulleten' Evropeyskogo suda po pravam cheloveka. 2003. N 4.
Postanovlenie ESPCh po delu «Beklz protiv Soedinennogo Korolevstva» (Beckles v. the United Kingdom) ot 8 oktyabrya 2002 g. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie ESPCh po delu «Kondron protiv Soedinennogo Korolevstva» (Condron v. the United Kingdom) ot 2 maya 2000 g. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie ESPCh po delu «Saunders protiv Soedinennogo Korolevstva» (Saunders v. United Kingdom) ot 17 dekabrya 1996 g. Evropeyskiy Sud po pravam cheloveka. Izbrannye resheniya. T.2. M.,2000.
Porubov N.I. Taktika doprosa na predvaritel'nom sledstvii. M., 1998.
Savitskiy V.M., Larin A.M. Ugolovnyy protsess: Slovar'-spravochnik. M., 1999.
Teterin B.S., Troshkin E.Z. Vozbuzhdenie i rassledovanie ugolovnykh del. M., 1997.
Ugolovnoe delo ¹ 1-243/2015. Arkhiv Taganskogo rayonnogo suda g. Moskvy.

Review: This article is dedicated to the issue of definition of the notion of “low significance” during qualification of actions in accordance with the Article 305 of the CCRF. The work presents the main scientific approaches towards the definition of the notion of low significance, and offers the analysis of the objective and subjective criteria of low significance. In this research the criteria of low significance is being reviewed in relation to criminal acts of judges in rendering an a priori unjust judgements. Such criteria do not have legislative framework, allowing the law enforcement to resolve the issue of whether or not a crime has been committed on a case-by-case basis, which in turn creates controversial situations and ambiguity of the practice. The scientific novelty consists in the author’s attempt to define precise criminal legal criteria that would allow distinguishing between commission of a crime by a judge, which manifest in rendering an a priori unjust court decision, from instances when similar actions are not criminal, and will result only in disciplinary measures. The relevance of this research consists in the possibility of using the results of this work by law enforcement in discovering latent crimes by judges (rendering the a priori unjust rulings).

Keywords: Russian Criminal Code, justice, criteria, crime, act, definition, low significance, criminal law, judge, public danger

References:
Yakimenko N. M. Maloznachitel'nost' deyaniya v sovetskom ugolovnom prave: Avtoref. dis.... kand. yurid. nauk: Yakimenko Natal'ya Mikhaylovna – Moskva. 1982. – 23 c.
«Prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya» (pod red. A.V. Galakhovoy) («NORMA, 2005») // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://www.consultant.ru (data obrashcheniya 29.01.2013).
Milyukov S.F. Prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya: Nauchno-praktich. posobie /SPb IVESEP, O-vo “Znanie” SPb. i Len. obl. – SPb, 1999. – 67 s.
Metel'skiy P.S. Vynesenie zavedomo nepravosudnykh prigovora, resheniya ili inogo sudebnogo akta: voprosy ugolovno-pravovoy otsenki i otvetstvennosti // Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pravo. ¹ 2, T. 3-2007.-S. 43-51.
Mal'tsev V.V. Maloznachitel'nost' deyaniya v ugolovnom prave // Zakonnost'.-¹ 1, 1999 // Elektronnaya yuridicheskaya biblioteka «YuristLib» [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://www.juristlib.ru/book_573.html (data obrashcheniya 11.02.2015).
Koshaeva T.O. Voprosy teorii i praktiki primeneniya ugolovnogo zakona ob otvetstvennosti za prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://www.consultant.ru (data obrashcheniya 01.06.2013).
Koshaeva T.O. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za vynesenie zavedomo nepravosudnykh prigovora, resheniya ili inogo sudebnogo akta // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. ¹ 3-2007.-S. 81-86.
Gorelik A.S., Lobanova L.V. Prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya /A.S. Gorelik, L.V.Lobanova.-SPb. : Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press, 2005.-491 s.
Bagirov Ch.M. Maloznachitel'nost' deyaniya i ee ugolovno-pravovoe znachenie: Avtoref. dis. … kand. yur. nauk: Bagirov Chingiz Mamedshakh ogly.-Tyumen'. 2005. – 18 s.
Volzhenkin B.V. Sluzhebnye prestupleniya: Kommentariy zakonodatel'stva i sudebnoy praktiki. – SPb: Izdatel'stvo «Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press», 2005. – 560 s.
Gorelova O.A. Problemy privlecheniya sudey k distsiplinarnoy otvetstvennosti v sovremennom zakonodatel'stve i praktike kvalifikatsionnykh kollegiy sudey // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2014.-2.-C. 190-196. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2014.2.11179.

References (transliteration):
Yakimenko N. M. Maloznachitel'nost' deyaniya v sovetskom ugolovnom prave: Avtoref. dis.... kand. yurid. nauk: Yakimenko Natal'ya Mikhaylovna – Moskva. 1982. – 23 c.
«Prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya» (pod red. A.V. Galakhovoy) («NORMA, 2005») // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://www.consultant.ru (data obrashcheniya 29.01.2013).
Milyukov S.F. Prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya: Nauchno-praktich. posobie /SPb IVESEP, O-vo “Znanie” SPb. i Len. obl. – SPb, 1999. – 67 s.
Metel'skiy P.S. Vynesenie zavedomo nepravosudnykh prigovora, resheniya ili inogo sudebnogo akta: voprosy ugolovno-pravovoy otsenki i otvetstvennosti // Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pravo. ¹ 2, T. 3-2007.-S. 43-51.
Mal'tsev V.V. Maloznachitel'nost' deyaniya v ugolovnom prave // Zakonnost'.-¹ 1, 1999 // Elektronnaya yuridicheskaya biblioteka «YuristLib» [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://www.juristlib.ru/book_573.html (data obrashcheniya 11.02.2015).
Koshaeva T.O. Voprosy teorii i praktiki primeneniya ugolovnogo zakona ob otvetstvennosti za prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://www.consultant.ru (data obrashcheniya 01.06.2013).
Koshaeva T.O. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za vynesenie zavedomo nepravosudnykh prigovora, resheniya ili inogo sudebnogo akta // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. ¹ 3-2007.-S. 81-86.
Gorelik A.S., Lobanova L.V. Prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya /A.S. Gorelik, L.V.Lobanova.-SPb. : Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press, 2005.-491 s.
Bagirov Ch.M. Maloznachitel'nost' deyaniya i ee ugolovno-pravovoe znachenie: Avtoref. dis. … kand. yur. nauk: Bagirov Chingiz Mamedshakh ogly.-Tyumen'. 2005. – 18 s.
Volzhenkin B.V. Sluzhebnye prestupleniya: Kommentariy zakonodatel'stva i sudebnoy praktiki. – SPb: Izdatel'stvo «Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press», 2005. – 560 s.
Gorelova O.A. Problemy privlecheniya sudey k distsiplinarnoy otvetstvennosti v sovremennom zakonodatel'stve i praktike kvalifikatsionnykh kollegiy sudey // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2014.-2.-C. 190-196. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2014.2.11179.

Review: The subject of this research is the current law enforcement and judicial practice in antimonopoly cases, in the process of which the government authorities do not fully adhere to the norms of the legislation with regards to upholding various procedures for establishing a dominant businesses position on the market. Despite the requirements on mandatory adherence to the principle of lawfulness in the work of the branches of public authority, the said practice is also being “strengthened” by the legal precedent, which does not contribute to establishing constitutional legal foundation within the economic sphere. The main result of this research is the attempt to shed light on the cases of non-compliance by courts and authorities with the part 2 of Article 15 of the Russian Constitution, which in turn represent the constitutional guarantees of protection of economic rights of the citizens and businesses from non-adherence by the branches of government with the constitution of the Russian Federation and other normative acts. The practice of “ignoring” the positions of this legislation in the work of public authority contributes to rejection of the supremacy of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: constitutional court of the Russian Federation, legislation of the Russian Federation, legal precedent, economic rights, dominant position, protection of competition, Constitution of the Russian Federation, court of arbitration, antimonopoly authority, administrative regulations

References:
Federal'nyy zakon ot 26.07.2006 N 135-FZ "O zashchite konkurentsii"/Rossiyskaya gazeta, N 162, 27.07.2006
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Kozhevnikov O.A. Sovershenstvovanie sudebnoy praktiki po voprosam obrashcheniya s otkhodami proizvodstva i potrebleniya kak odna iz zadach «obnovlennogo» Verkhovnogo suda RF // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2014. - 9. - C. 975 - 980. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2014.9.12711.
Ispolinov A.S. Poisk balansa mezhdu svobodami vnutrennego rynka
i pravami cheloveka v sudebnoy praktike ES // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya / Journal of foreighn legislation and comparative law. - 2012. - 6. - C. 38 - 49.

References (transliteration):
Federal'nyy zakon ot 26.07.2006 N 135-FZ "O zashchite konkurentsii"/Rossiyskaya gazeta, N 162, 27.07.2006
Prikaz FAS Rossii ot 25.05.2012 N 345 "Ob utverzhdenii administrativnogo reglamenta Federal'noy antimonopol'noy sluzhby po ispolneniyu gosudarstvennoy funktsii po ustanovleniyu dominiruyushchego polozheniya khozyaystvuyushchego sub'ekta pri rassmotrenii zayavleniy, materialov, del o narushenii antimonopol'nogo zakonodatel'stva i pri osushchestvlenii gosudarstvennogo kontrolya za ekonomicheskoy kontsentratsiey"//Byulleten' normativnykh aktov federal'nykh organov ispolnitel'noy vlasti, N 8 25.02.2013
Prikaz FAS Rossii ot 28.04.2010 N 220 "Ob utverzhdenii Poryadka provedeniya analiza sostoyaniya konkurentsii na tovarnom rynke"//Byulleten' normativnykh aktov federal'nykh organov ispolnitel'noy vlasti, ¹ 34, 23.08.2010.
Postanovlenie Konstitutsionnogo Suda RF ot 18.07.2008 ¹ 10-P "Po delu o proverke konstitutsionnosti polozheniy abzatsa chetyrnadtsatogo stat'i 3 i punkta 3 stat'i 10 Federal'nogo zakona "O zashchite prav yuridicheskikh lits i individual'nykh predprinimateley pri provedenii gosudarstvennogo kontrolya (nadzora)" v svyazi s zhaloboy grazhdanina V.V. Mikhaylova"/ Rossiyskaya gazeta, ¹ 163, 01.08.2008,
Postanovlenie Plenuma VAS RF ot 30.06.2008 ¹ 30 "O nekotorykh voprosakh, voznikayushchikh v svyazi s primeneniem arbitrazhnymi sudami antimonopol'nogo zakonodatel'stva" // Vestnik VAS RF, ¹ 8, avgust, 2008
Kozhevnikov O.A. Sovershenstvovanie sudebnoy praktiki po voprosam obrashcheniya s otkhodami proizvodstva i potrebleniya kak odna iz zadach «obnovlennogo» Verkhovnogo suda RF // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2014. - 9. - C. 975 - 980. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2014.9.12711.
Ispolinov A.S. Poisk balansa mezhdu svobodami vnutrennego rynka
i pravami cheloveka v sudebnoy praktike ES // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya / Journal of foreighn legislation and comparative law. - 2012. - 6. - C. 38 - 49.

Review: This article examines the content of the principle of freedom of assessment of evidence in criminal procedure; two of its interconnected aspects are being analyzed: prohibition of external interference into assessment work of the court, prosecutor, investigator, detective, and at the same time allowing them internal freedom of assessment of evidence. The author analyzes the guidelines for the evidence assessment, put in place to eliminate arbitrary and unfounded decisions, which include: the duty of the subjects of evidence assessment to adhere to the positions on mandatory proof of separate circumstances by specific types of evidence; prohibition of use of certain data as evidence; on relieving from procedural work with regards to proving facts of general knowledge, prejudicially established facts, legal presumptions and circumstances admitted by both parties; setting conscience as a moral compass during assessment of evidence, etc. The author formulates the conclusion that the consequence of freedom of evidence assessment is the possibility of a guilty verdict without presence of direct evidence.

Keywords: Freedom of evidence assessment, Principle, Criminal procedure, Evidence, Belief, Judiciary independence, Polygraph, Prejudice, Presumption, General knowledge

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Review: The article examines the legal nature of notice of a financial quote request, as well as regulation of this procedure in the Federal Law of the Russian Federation from 07.21.2005 No. 94-FZ “On Order Placement for Goods, Work, or Services for Government or Municipal Authorities”, and Federal Law from 01.01.2014 No. 44-FZ “On Contractual System in the Area of Order Placement for Goods, Work, or Services for Government or Municipal Authorities. Analyzing the Federal Law No. 44-FZ, particularly in the area of regulation of notification of requesting a financial quote, a number of flaws have been detected in this law. Proposals are made on changes that would improve the purchasing process and decrease the level of corruption and other abuses in the area of government and municipal contracts. Among others is the proposal to establish a requirement to provide an initial maximum cost of the contract as an average of all participants in the bidding process; a proposal is being made to change the method of expert estimate to determine the initial (maximum) cost of the contract.

Keywords: Purchasing, Government contract, Notice, Contract system, Quote request, Legislative improvements, Contract signing, Bidding, Proposal, Acceptance

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Postanovlenie FAS Ural'skogo okruga ot 04.08.2011 ¹ F09-4769/11 po delu ¹ A50-25782/10. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie FAS Severo-Zapadnogo okruga ot 25.01.2010 po delu ¹ A05-11457/2009. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie Dvenadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 18.01.2010 po delu ¹ A12-17613/2009. Po delu o priznanii nezakonnymi punktov resheniya antimonopol'noy sluzhby v otnoshenii deystviy zakazchika i upolnomochennogo organa o priznanii zakazchikom kotirovochnoy zayavki OOO ne sootvetstvuyushchey trebovaniyam, ustanovlennym v izveshchenii o provedenii zaprosa kotirovok tsen. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie Chetyrnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 03.09.2009 po delu ¹ A05-6426/2009. Reshenie UFAS v chasti priznaniya obosnovannoy zhaloby OOO ChOP o priznanii kotirovochnoy komissii, sozdannoy zakazchikom, narushivshey chasti 1, 3 stat'i 47 Zakona ¹ 94-FZ, priznano zakonnym, poskol'ku kotirovochnaya zayavka soderzhit vse neobkhodimye svedeniya, v tom chisle dannye o prilozheniyakh (smetnyy raschet stoimosti rabot i kopii litsenzii po profilyu vypolnyaemykh rabot), a predlozhenie tseny uslug ne prevyshaet maksimal'nuyu tsenu. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovleniya FAS Severo-Zapadnogo okruga ot 20 marta 2012 g. ¹ A52-2001/2011, FAS Moskovskogo okruga ot 28 sentyabrya 2011 g. ¹ A41-38111/10. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 31.07.2009 ¹ 46-AD09-3. Sudebnye akty po delu ob administrativnom pravonarushenii ostavleny bez izmeneniya, poskol'ku deystviya zayavitelya kvalifitsirovany pravil'no po ch. 6 st. 7.30 KoAP RF, a administrativnoe nakazanie naznacheno v predelakh, ustanovlennykh sanktsiey ch. 6 st. 7.30 KoAP RF. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie FAS Povolzhskogo okruga ot 27.02.2009 po delu ¹ A55-10735/2008. Zayavlenie o priznanii nedeystvitel'nymi resheniya i predpisaniya antimonopol'nogo organa ob ustranenii narusheniy zakonodatel'stva o razmeshchenii zakazov udovletvoreno, poskol'ku v deystviyakh kotirovochnoy komissii zayavitelya, otklonivshey zayavku litsa, ne podtverdivshego svoy status uchastnika razmeshcheniya zakaza putem prilozheniya sootvetstvuyushchey doverennosti na litso, podpisavshee zayavku, otsutstvuet narushenie Zakona o razmeshchenii zakazov. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie FAS Zapadno-Sibirskogo okruga ot 16.12.2010 po delu ¹ A03-2952/2010. Otsutstvie v FZ «O razmeshchenii zakazov na postavki tovarov, vypolnenie rabot, okazanie uslug dlya gosudarstvennykh i munitsipal'nykh nuzhd» pryamogo ukazaniya na neobkhodimost' predstavleniya doverennosti predstavitelya ne osvobozhdaet ego ot obyazannosti podtverzhdeniya polnomochiy v sootvetstvii s normami GK RF.
Postanovlenie FAS Povolzhskogo okruga ot 27.02.2009 po delu ¹ A55-9901/2008. Zayavlenie o priznanii nedeystvitel'nymi resheniya i predpisaniya antimonopol'nogo organa ob ustranenii narusheniy zakonodatel'stva o razmeshchenii zakazov udovletvoreno, poskol'ku v deystviyakh kotirovochnoy komissii zayavitelya, otklonivshey zayavku litsa, ne podtverdivshego svoy status uchastnika razmeshcheniya zakaza putem prilozheniya sootvetstvuyushchey doverennosti na litso, podpisavshee zayavku, otsutstvuet narushenie Zakona o razmeshchenii zakazov.
Postanovlenie Trinadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 25.06.2012 po delu ¹ A42-7852/2011. Protsedura razmeshcheniya zakazov putem zaprosa kotirovok yavlyaetsya strogo reglamentirovannoy i, v otlichie ot inykh sposobov razmeshcheniya zakazov, ne predpolagaet predstavlenie uchastnikom razmeshcheniya zakaza kakikh-libo dokumentov, krome kotirovochnoy zayavki.
Lermontov Yu. Slozhnye voprosy, voznikayushchie pri podache kotirovochnoy zayavki // Rossiyskiy bukhgalter.  2013.  ¹ 4.  S. 76-80.

References (transliteration):
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 ¹ 14-FZ (red. ot 14.06.2012) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. – 29.01.1996. – ¹ 5. – St. 410.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 07.07.2003 ¹ 126-FZ (red. ot 07.05.2013) «O svyazi» // Rossiyskaya gazeta.  ¹ 135.  10.07.2003.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 06.04.2011 ¹ 63-FZ (red. ot 05.04.2013) «Ob elektronnoy podpisi» // Rossiyskaya gazeta.  ¹ 75.  08.04.2011.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 21.07.2005 ¹ 94-FZ (red. ot 02.07.2013) «O razmeshchenii zakazov na postavki tovarov, vypolnenie rabot, okazanie uslug dlya gosudarstvennykh i munitsipal'nykh nuzhd» // Rossiyskaya gazeta.  ¹ 163.  28.07.2005.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 05.04.2013 ¹ 44-FZ (red. ot 02.07.2013) «O kontraktnoy sisteme v sfere zakupok tovarov, rabot, uslug dlya obespecheniya gosudarstvennykh i munitsipal'nykh nuzhd» // Rossiyskaya gazeta.  ¹ 80.  12.04.2013.
Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva RF ot 25.05.2005 ¹ 328 (red. ot 06.10.2011) «Ob utverzhdenii Pravil okazaniya uslug podvizhnoy svyazi» // Rossiyskaya gazeta.  ¹ 115.  01.06.2005.
Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ¹ 6, Plenuma VAS RF ¹ 8 ot 01.07.1996. «O nekotorykh voprosakh, svyazannykh s primeneniem chasti pervoy Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Vestnik VAS RF.  ¹ 9.  1996.
Postanovleniya FAS Severo-Zapadnogo okruga ot 19 iyulya 2012 g. ¹ A05-12145/2011, ot 18 dekabrya 2008 g. ¹ A56-11695/2008. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie FAS Severo-Zapadnogo okruga ot 26.11.2012 po delu ¹ A44-6555/2011. Trebovanie: Ob osparivanii resheniya i predpisaniya antimonopol'nogo organa. Obstoyatel'stva: Antimonopol'nym organom vyyavleno narushenie upravleniem PF RF zakonodatel'stva o razmeshchenii zakazov, chto vyrazilos' v nerassmotrenii zayavki, podannoy na ukazannyy v izveshchenii o provedenii torgov adres elektronnoy pochty. Reshenie: V udovletvorenii trebovaniya otkazano, poskol'ku dokazatel'stv nevozmozhnosti prochitat' poluchennyy po elektronnoy pochte dokument ne predstavleno. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie FAS Dal'nevostochnogo okruga ot 05.05.2011 ¹ F03-1589/2011 po delu ¹ A59-3639/2010. Pravomerno udovletvoreno chastichno zayavlenie o priznanii nedeystvitel'nymi resheniya i predpisaniya antimonopol'nogo organa v chasti razmeshcheniya zakazov, poskol'ku kotirovochnaya zayavka predprinimatelya ne sootvetstvovala trebovaniyam, utverzhdennym dlya elektronnogo dokumenta, i predstavlyala soboy kopiyu, poluchennuyu v rezul'tate operatsii skanirovaniya originala bumazhnogo dokumenta, v svyazi s chem osnovaniy dlya prinyatiya i rassmotreniya dannoy zayavki naryadu s prochimi u komissii ne imelos'. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie FAS Moskovskogo okruga ot 28.09.2011 po delu ¹ A41-38111/10. Trebovanie: Ob otmene resheniya antimonopol'nogo organa. Obstoyatel'stva: Zakazchik otklonil kotirovochnuyu zayavku obshchestva na pravo zaklyucheniya gosudarstvennogo kontrakta, tak kak k ney ne prilozhena lokal'naya smeta, podacha zayavok predusmotrena tol'ko v pis'mennoy forme. V svyazi s etim zakazchik priznan narushivshim Zakon o razmeshchenii zakazov.eshenie: Trebovanie udovletvoreno, poskol'ku uslovie o predostavlenii smety ne privelo k ogranicheniyu kolichestva uchastnikov razmeshcheniya zakaza, vozmozhnost' priema zayavok v elektronnoy forme otsutstvovala. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie FAS Ural'skogo okruga ot 16.12.2008 ¹ F09-9423/08-S1 po delu ¹ A50-8939/08. Reshenie antimonopol'nogo organa o priznanii v deystviyakh organa mestnogo samoupravleniya narusheniy Federal'nogo zakona «O razmeshchenii zakazov na postavki tovarov, vypolnenie rabot, okazanie uslug dlya gosudarstvennykh i munitsipal'nykh nuzhd» pravomerno priznano nedeystvitel'nym, poskol'ku predpriyatiem, predstavivshim kotirovochnuyu zayavku, ne soblyudeny trebovaniya izveshcheniya o provedenii zaprosa kotirovok tsen. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie FAS Ural'skogo okruga ot 04.08.2011 ¹ F09-4769/11 po delu ¹ A50-25782/10. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie FAS Severo-Zapadnogo okruga ot 25.01.2010 po delu ¹ A05-11457/2009. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie Dvenadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 18.01.2010 po delu ¹ A12-17613/2009. Po delu o priznanii nezakonnymi punktov resheniya antimonopol'noy sluzhby v otnoshenii deystviy zakazchika i upolnomochennogo organa o priznanii zakazchikom kotirovochnoy zayavki OOO ne sootvetstvuyushchey trebovaniyam, ustanovlennym v izveshchenii o provedenii zaprosa kotirovok tsen. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie Chetyrnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 03.09.2009 po delu ¹ A05-6426/2009. Reshenie UFAS v chasti priznaniya obosnovannoy zhaloby OOO ChOP o priznanii kotirovochnoy komissii, sozdannoy zakazchikom, narushivshey chasti 1, 3 stat'i 47 Zakona ¹ 94-FZ, priznano zakonnym, poskol'ku kotirovochnaya zayavka soderzhit vse neobkhodimye svedeniya, v tom chisle dannye o prilozheniyakh (smetnyy raschet stoimosti rabot i kopii litsenzii po profilyu vypolnyaemykh rabot), a predlozhenie tseny uslug ne prevyshaet maksimal'nuyu tsenu. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovleniya FAS Severo-Zapadnogo okruga ot 20 marta 2012 g. ¹ A52-2001/2011, FAS Moskovskogo okruga ot 28 sentyabrya 2011 g. ¹ A41-38111/10. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 31.07.2009 ¹ 46-AD09-3. Sudebnye akty po delu ob administrativnom pravonarushenii ostavleny bez izmeneniya, poskol'ku deystviya zayavitelya kvalifitsirovany pravil'no po ch. 6 st. 7.30 KoAP RF, a administrativnoe nakazanie naznacheno v predelakh, ustanovlennykh sanktsiey ch. 6 st. 7.30 KoAP RF. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie FAS Povolzhskogo okruga ot 27.02.2009 po delu ¹ A55-10735/2008. Zayavlenie o priznanii nedeystvitel'nymi resheniya i predpisaniya antimonopol'nogo organa ob ustranenii narusheniy zakonodatel'stva o razmeshchenii zakazov udovletvoreno, poskol'ku v deystviyakh kotirovochnoy komissii zayavitelya, otklonivshey zayavku litsa, ne podtverdivshego svoy status uchastnika razmeshcheniya zakaza putem prilozheniya sootvetstvuyushchey doverennosti na litso, podpisavshee zayavku, otsutstvuet narushenie Zakona o razmeshchenii zakazov. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Postanovlenie FAS Zapadno-Sibirskogo okruga ot 16.12.2010 po delu ¹ A03-2952/2010. Otsutstvie v FZ «O razmeshchenii zakazov na postavki tovarov, vypolnenie rabot, okazanie uslug dlya gosudarstvennykh i munitsipal'nykh nuzhd» pryamogo ukazaniya na neobkhodimost' predstavleniya doverennosti predstavitelya ne osvobozhdaet ego ot obyazannosti podtverzhdeniya polnomochiy v sootvetstvii s normami GK RF.
Postanovlenie FAS Povolzhskogo okruga ot 27.02.2009 po delu ¹ A55-9901/2008. Zayavlenie o priznanii nedeystvitel'nymi resheniya i predpisaniya antimonopol'nogo organa ob ustranenii narusheniy zakonodatel'stva o razmeshchenii zakazov udovletvoreno, poskol'ku v deystviyakh kotirovochnoy komissii zayavitelya, otklonivshey zayavku litsa, ne podtverdivshego svoy status uchastnika razmeshcheniya zakaza putem prilozheniya sootvetstvuyushchey doverennosti na litso, podpisavshee zayavku, otsutstvuet narushenie Zakona o razmeshchenii zakazov.
Postanovlenie Trinadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 25.06.2012 po delu ¹ A42-7852/2011. Protsedura razmeshcheniya zakazov putem zaprosa kotirovok yavlyaetsya strogo reglamentirovannoy i, v otlichie ot inykh sposobov razmeshcheniya zakazov, ne predpolagaet predstavlenie uchastnikom razmeshcheniya zakaza kakikh-libo dokumentov, krome kotirovochnoy zayavki.
Lermontov Yu. Slozhnye voprosy, voznikayushchie pri podache kotirovochnoy zayavki // Rossiyskiy bukhgalter.  2013.  ¹ 4.  S. 76-80.

Review: The subject of this research is the review and analysis of the non-defined means of influencing a debtor within the system of ensuring fulfillment of obligations, which are currently insufficiently researched within the science of civil law. The article also clarifies such notions as non-defined contract and all possible non-defined means and ways of affecting the debtor. The author also unravels and describes the important role of the institution of ensuring fulfillment of obligations. In this article the author uses and applies specific examples from precedent, as well as offers original classification of non-defined methods of ensuring fulfillment of obligations and illuminates the aspects of legislative regulation of each of the presented groups. The author comes to the conclusion that there is currently no clearly formulated mechanism for legal regulation of all non-defined means of ensuring fulfillment of obligation in civil legislation.

Keywords: Obligations, Fulfillment of obligations, Non-defined means, Penalties, Down payment , Predetermined losses , Co-signing , Civil legislation, Socio-legal significance, Freedom of contract

References:
Mirnova P.V. O printsipe nezavisimosti obyazatel'stva garanta v bankovskoy garantii // Bankovskoe pravo. 2003. ¹ 1.
Skvortsov V.V. Vozmozhnosti povysheniya obespechitel'noy funktsii zaloga za schet izmeneniya norm zakonodatel'stva o zaloge // Grazhdanin i pravo. 2002. ¹ 1.
Gongalo B.M. Obespechenie ispolneniya obyazatel'stv. M., 1999. S. 145-151
Arkhipov A., Kucherov A. Novye sposoby obespecheniya // EZh-Yurist. ¹ 22. 2003. S. 3
Postanovleniya Plenuma VAS RF ot 14.03.2014 ¹ 17
Gracheva I.V., Samsonova A.E. Gosudarstvennaya garantiya: sootnoshenie chastnopravovykh i publichno-pravovykh nachal. Opredelenie Primorskogo kraevogo suda ot 27.01.2014 po delu ¹ 33-1;
Tanaga A.N. Svoboda vybora vida zaklyuchaemogo dogovora // YuRIT-Vestnik. ¹ 7, 2002. S. 101-110
Novitskaya T. E. Grazhdanskiy kodeks RSFSR 1922 goda. M.: Zertsalo-M, 2002. S. 91.
Grazhdanskoe ulozhenie: proekt / Pod red. I. M. Tyutryumova. T.II. SPb., 1910. S. 177.
Pobedonostsev K.P. Kurs grazhdanskogo prava. Chast' tret'ya: Dogovory i obyazatel'stva. M.: Statut, 2003.S. 60-61.
Antimonov B.S., Grave K.A. Dogovor trudovogo porucheniya // Uchenye zapiski VIYuN 1955. Vyp. 3. S. 17.
Oygenzikht V.A. Netipichnye dogovornye otnosheniya v grazhdanskom prave. Dushanbe, 1984. S. 4 – 19.
Braginskiy M.I. Osnovy ucheniya o nepoimenovannykh (bezymyannykh) i smeshannykh dogovorakh. M.: Statut, 2007.
Soyko R.P. Osobennosti pravovogo regulirovaniya bankovskoy garantii // Bankovskoe pravo. 2002. ¹ 4.
Komissarova E. G., Torkin D. A. Nepoimenovannye sposoby obespecheniya obyazatel'stv v grazhdanskom prave. – M., 2008. – S.101
Khokhlov V. A. Otvetstvennost' za narushenie dogovora po grazhdanskomu pravu. – Tol'yati, 1997. – S.245

References (transliteration):
Mirnova P.V. O printsipe nezavisimosti obyazatel'stva garanta v bankovskoy garantii // Bankovskoe pravo. 2003. ¹ 1.
Skvortsov V.V. Vozmozhnosti povysheniya obespechitel'noy funktsii zaloga za schet izmeneniya norm zakonodatel'stva o zaloge // Grazhdanin i pravo. 2002. ¹ 1.
Gongalo B.M. Obespechenie ispolneniya obyazatel'stv. M., 1999. S. 145-151
Arkhipov A., Kucherov A. Novye sposoby obespecheniya // EZh-Yurist. ¹ 22. 2003. S. 3
Postanovleniya Plenuma VAS RF ot 14.03.2014 ¹ 17
Gracheva I.V., Samsonova A.E. Gosudarstvennaya garantiya: sootnoshenie chastnopravovykh i publichno-pravovykh nachal. Opredelenie Primorskogo kraevogo suda ot 27.01.2014 po delu ¹ 33-1;
Tanaga A.N. Svoboda vybora vida zaklyuchaemogo dogovora // YuRIT-Vestnik. ¹ 7, 2002. S. 101-110
Novitskaya T. E. Grazhdanskiy kodeks RSFSR 1922 goda. M.: Zertsalo-M, 2002. S. 91.
Grazhdanskoe ulozhenie: proekt / Pod red. I. M. Tyutryumova. T.II. SPb., 1910. S. 177.
Pobedonostsev K.P. Kurs grazhdanskogo prava. Chast' tret'ya: Dogovory i obyazatel'stva. M.: Statut, 2003.S. 60-61.
Antimonov B.S., Grave K.A. Dogovor trudovogo porucheniya // Uchenye zapiski VIYuN 1955. Vyp. 3. S. 17.
Oygenzikht V.A. Netipichnye dogovornye otnosheniya v grazhdanskom prave. Dushanbe, 1984. S. 4 – 19.
Braginskiy M.I. Osnovy ucheniya o nepoimenovannykh (bezymyannykh) i smeshannykh dogovorakh. M.: Statut, 2007.
Soyko R.P. Osobennosti pravovogo regulirovaniya bankovskoy garantii // Bankovskoe pravo. 2002. ¹ 4.
Komissarova E. G., Torkin D. A. Nepoimenovannye sposoby obespecheniya obyazatel'stv v grazhdanskom prave. – M., 2008. – S.101
Khokhlov V. A. Otvetstvennost' za narushenie dogovora po grazhdanskomu pravu. – Tol'yati, 1997. – S.245

Review: This article reviews the key details of retention of customer’s property and finished product, their theoretical and practical aspects. The subject of this research is the legal norms regulating the procedure of retention, scientific works of Russian civilists, as well as materials from legal precedent. As a result of the conducted research, the author offers classification of the objects of retention and provides a detailed review of each object individually. Attention is given to the problems related to exercising the right to retention, especially the problem of retaining a finished product represented by an object of real estate. The author concludes that at this time it is difficult to exercise the right to retain objects of real estate. This fact is confirmed by the ambiguous and controversial legal precedent, examples of which are offered in this article. Thus, in order to exercise the right to retention of such disputable objects as a result of construction work, unfinished and renovation projects, the procedure of exercising the right to retention of such objects should be established on the legislative level.

Keywords: Retention, Object of retention, Retention of customer’s property, Retention of equipment, Retention of materials, Retention of finished product, Retention of real estate, Retention of unfinished work, Retention of renovation work, Classification of objects of retention

References:
Yuzhanin N.V., Rybakov V.A. Uderzhanie kak sposob obespecheniya ispolneniya obyazatel'stv // "Arbitrazhnyy i grazhdanskiy protsess", 2002, ¹ 2
Bolee podrobno sm.: Braginskiy M.I., Vitryanskiy V.V. Dogovornoe pravo. Obshchie polozheniya. 3-e izd., stereotipnoe. M.: Statut, 2001. Kn. 1. 848 s.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 21.07.1997 N 122-FZ (red. ot 29.12.2014) "O gosudarstvennoy registratsii prav na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo i sdelok s nim" (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 01.03.2015) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 28.07.1997, N 30, st. 3594
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ (red. ot 22.12.2014) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 29.01.1996, N 5, st. 410
Sukhanov E.A. Rossiyskoe grazhdanskoe pravo: Uchebnik: V 2 t. T. II: Obyazatel'stvennoe pravo-2-e izd., stereotip. – M.: Statut, 2011. – S. 129
Opredelenie VAS RF ot 24.01.2011 N VAS-18406/10 po delu N A36-1/2010 // Arkhiv VAS RF
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ (red. ot 22.12.2014) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 29.01.1996, N 5, st. 410
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ (red. ot 22.12.2014) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 29.01.1996, N 5, st. 410
Sukhanov E.A. Rossiyskoe grazhdanskoe pravo: Uchebnik: V 2 t. T. II: Obyazatel'stvennoe pravo-2-e izd., stereotip. – M.: Statut, 2011. – S. 129
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ (red. ot 22.12.2014) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 29.01.1996, N 5, st. 410
Federal'nyy zakon ot 30.12.2009 N 384-FZ (red. ot 02.07.2013) "Tekhnicheskiy reglament o bezopasnosti zdaniy i sooruzheniy" // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 04.01.2010, N 1, st. 5
Ershov O.G. Podpisanie akta priemki rezul'tata stroitel'nykh rabot: sdelka, sdelkopodobnye ili fakticheskie deystviya? // Pravo i ekonomika, 2012, N 7
Postanovlenie Chetyrnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 06.05.2013 po delu N A66-8606/2012 // Arkhiv Chetyrnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda
Postanovlenie Vosemnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 24.12.2009 N 18AP-11322/2009 po delu N A76-15882/2009 // Arkhiv Vosemnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda
Postanovlenie Dvenadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 25.01.2008 po delu N A-57-15861/07-39 // Arkhiv Dvenadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda
Postanovlenie Pyatnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 21.08.2013 N 15AP-10619/2013 po delu N A53-5141/2013 // Arkhiv Pyatnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda

References (transliteration):
Yuzhanin N.V., Rybakov V.A. Uderzhanie kak sposob obespecheniya ispolneniya obyazatel'stv // "Arbitrazhnyy i grazhdanskiy protsess", 2002, ¹ 2
Bolee podrobno sm.: Braginskiy M.I., Vitryanskiy V.V. Dogovornoe pravo. Obshchie polozheniya. 3-e izd., stereotipnoe. M.: Statut, 2001. Kn. 1. 848 s.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 21.07.1997 N 122-FZ (red. ot 29.12.2014) "O gosudarstvennoy registratsii prav na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo i sdelok s nim" (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 01.03.2015) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 28.07.1997, N 30, st. 3594
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ (red. ot 22.12.2014) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 29.01.1996, N 5, st. 410
Sukhanov E.A. Rossiyskoe grazhdanskoe pravo: Uchebnik: V 2 t. T. II: Obyazatel'stvennoe pravo-2-e izd., stereotip. – M.: Statut, 2011. – S. 129
Opredelenie VAS RF ot 24.01.2011 N VAS-18406/10 po delu N A36-1/2010 // Arkhiv VAS RF
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ (red. ot 22.12.2014) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 29.01.1996, N 5, st. 410
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ (red. ot 22.12.2014) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 29.01.1996, N 5, st. 410
Sukhanov E.A. Rossiyskoe grazhdanskoe pravo: Uchebnik: V 2 t. T. II: Obyazatel'stvennoe pravo-2-e izd., stereotip. – M.: Statut, 2011. – S. 129
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ (red. ot 22.12.2014) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 29.01.1996, N 5, st. 410
Federal'nyy zakon ot 30.12.2009 N 384-FZ (red. ot 02.07.2013) "Tekhnicheskiy reglament o bezopasnosti zdaniy i sooruzheniy" // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 04.01.2010, N 1, st. 5
Ershov O.G. Podpisanie akta priemki rezul'tata stroitel'nykh rabot: sdelka, sdelkopodobnye ili fakticheskie deystviya? // Pravo i ekonomika, 2012, N 7
Postanovlenie Chetyrnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 06.05.2013 po delu N A66-8606/2012 // Arkhiv Chetyrnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda
Postanovlenie Vosemnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 24.12.2009 N 18AP-11322/2009 po delu N A76-15882/2009 // Arkhiv Vosemnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda
Postanovlenie Dvenadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 25.01.2008 po delu N A-57-15861/07-39 // Arkhiv Dvenadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda
Postanovlenie Pyatnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 21.08.2013 N 15AP-10619/2013 po delu N A53-5141/2013 // Arkhiv Pyatnadtsatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda

Review: The subject of this research is the norms of the Russian legislation that regulate inheritance by will, public relations, set by the norms of inheritance law that are directly linked to the rights of the testator: actions of realization of the freedom of will; legal norms that provide the concept, terms of execution, limits and protection of the freedom of will. The author examines he work of the law enforcement aimed at ensuring the realization and protection of the freedom of will, rules of maintaining confidentiality of the will, as well as materials of notary and legal precedent and their application. Based on this research of the state of the legal theory and specificity of the realization of the principles of inheritance by will, the author conducted a complex analysis of the positions of this sphere and proposes a number of theoretical and practical recommendations on solution to the problems in legislation, as well as original view on several debatable points within the theory of civil law.

Keywords: Inheritance, Freedom of will, Principles, Variety, Will of testator, Freedom of choice , Law and order, Protection of morality, Encroachment, Maintaining confidentiality of a will

References:
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Chast' tret'ya [Elektronnyy resurs]. Rezhim dostupa – http://www.consultant.ru/popular/gkrf3/6_1.html#p34 provereno 11.02.2013 goda.
Zakirov R.Yu., Grishina Ya.S., Makhmutova M.M. M.: Dashkov i K. – 2008. – S. 288.
Kutuzov O. V. Nasledovanie po zaveshchaniyu v grazhdanskom prave Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. – M. – 2008. – S. 64, 66.
Medvedev I. G. O zakonnosti predostavleniya notariusami svedeniy v reestry zaveshchaniy // Notarius. – ¹ 12. – 2004. – S. 20-22.
Proekt federal'nogo zakona «O ratifikatsii Konventsii o sisteme registratsii zaveshchaniy ot 16 maya 1972 goda» [Elektronnyy resurs]. Rezhim dostupa – http://www.notiss.ru/usrimg/Basel%201972%20projet%202012.pdf provereno 21.02.2013 goda.
Tolstoy Yu.K. Nasledstvennoe pravo. Uchebnoe posobie. – M. – Prospekt. – 1999. – S. 34 – 39.
Eydinova E. B. Nasledstvennye dela v praktike suda i notariata. – M. – 1974. – S. 42.
Yaroshenko K. Nasledovanie po zaveshchaniyu. // Zakon.-2001. – ¹ 4. – S. 24.

References (transliteration):
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Chast' tret'ya [Elektronnyy resurs]. Rezhim dostupa – http://www.consultant.ru/popular/gkrf3/6_1.html#p34 provereno 11.02.2013 goda.
Zakirov R.Yu., Grishina Ya.S., Makhmutova M.M. M.: Dashkov i K. – 2008. – S. 288.
Kutuzov O. V. Nasledovanie po zaveshchaniyu v grazhdanskom prave Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. – M. – 2008. – S. 64, 66.
Medvedev I. G. O zakonnosti predostavleniya notariusami svedeniy v reestry zaveshchaniy // Notarius. – ¹ 12. – 2004. – S. 20-22.
Proekt federal'nogo zakona «O ratifikatsii Konventsii o sisteme registratsii zaveshchaniy ot 16 maya 1972 goda» [Elektronnyy resurs]. Rezhim dostupa – http://www.notiss.ru/usrimg/Basel%201972%20projet%202012.pdf provereno 21.02.2013 goda.
Tolstoy Yu.K. Nasledstvennoe pravo. Uchebnoe posobie. – M. – Prospekt. – 1999. – S. 34 – 39.
Eydinova E. B. Nasledstvennye dela v praktike suda i notariata. – M. – 1974. – S. 42.
Yaroshenko K. Nasledovanie po zaveshchaniyu. // Zakon.-2001. – ¹ 4. – S. 24.

Review: The author conducts a detailed review of the violation of rules of manufacturing and use of the government hallmark amongst crimes of illegal trade of precious metals, natural precious gems and pearls. The article 181 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (CCRF) protects the legal order of hallmark supervision in order to ensure the legal interests of the country and its citizens in the area of trade of jewelry and other objects with precious metals bearing the hallmark. A special attention is given to the fake hallmark and its imprint on jewelry. The law addresses only the acts of forgery of the hallmark as a material object. The author justifies the proposal to exclude the article 181 from the CCRF. The punishment for these acts can be ensured by the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses, which establishes the liability for various actions that differ from crimes by the level of public threat.

Keywords: jewelry, objects, imprint of hallmark, hallmark, precious gems, precious metals, crime, values, trade, examination

References:
Ivanov A.G. Prestupleniya v sfere oborota dragotsennykh metallov i dragotsennykh kamney. Avtoref. kand. yurid. nauk. – Khabarovsk, 2010.
Ugolovnoe pravo. Osobennaya chast' / Pod red. A. I. Raroga. M., 2001.
Rossiyskoe ugolovnoe pravo. Osobennaya chast'. Uchebnik / Pod red. V.N. Kudryavtseva i A.V. Naumova.-M.: Yurist', 1997.
Ugolovnoe pravo Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Osobennaya chast' / Pod obshch. red. G.N. Borzenkova i V.S. Komissarova.-M., 2002.-S.248, 302.
Federal'nogo zakona ot 26.03.1998 ¹ 41-FZ (red.21.11.2011) «O dragotsennykh metallakh i dragotsennykh kamnyakh» http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_132238. Data obrashcheniya 22.04.2015.
Nauchno-prakticheskoe posobie po primeneniyu Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii / pod red. V. M.Lebedeva. M.: Norma. 2005.
Nauchno-prakticheskiy kommentariy k Ugolovnomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii. V dvukh tomakh / Pod red. P.N. Panchenko. Tom pervyy. Nizhniy Novgorod. 1996.
Turanov M. Yu. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za nezakonnyy oborot dragotsennykh metallov, prirodnykh dragotsennykh kamney, zhemchuga. M.: TsIiNMOKP MVD Rossii, 2000.
Kuznetsov A. P. Ugolovno-pravovaya otvetstvennost' za narushenie pravil izgotovleniya i ispol'zovaniya gosudarstvennykh probirnykh kleym // Sledovatel'. 1999. ¹ 8.
Ugolovnoe pravo. Osobennaya chast' / Pod red. A. I. Raroga. M., 2001.
Delo 1-4/2012 (1-305/2011) 17.01.2012, Taganskiy rayonnyy sud, g. Moskva. https://rospravosudie.com/court-taganskij-rajonnyj-sud-gorod-moskva-s/act-448642947. Data obrashcheniya 22.04.2015.
Abzats 2 st. 1 Postanovleniya Pravitel'stva RF ot 18 iyunya 1999 g. ¹ 643 "O poryadke oprobovaniya i kleymeniya izdeliy iz dragotsennykh metallov" // RG. Vedomstvennoe prilozhenie. 1999. 3 iyulya.
Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda SSSR ot 18 aprelya 1980 g. «O sudebnoy praktike po delam o narusheniyakh pravil valyutnykh operatsiy»// http://pravo.levonevsky.org/baza/soviet/sssr3712.htm. Data obrashcheniya 22.04.2015.
Prigovor po delu ¹ 1-23/2011. Sudebnyy uchastok mirovogo sud'i ¹ 36 po g. Kostrome https://rospravosudie.com/court-sudebnyj-uchastok-mirovogo-sudi-36-po-g-kostrome-s/act-215875218. Data obrashcheniya 22.04.2015.
Prigovor po delu ¹ 1-79/2011. Sudebnyy uchastok mirovogo sud'i ¹ 36 po g. Kostrome https://rospravosudie.com/court-krasnoselskij-rajonnyj-sud-kostromskaya-oblast-s/act-478904516. Data obrashcheniya 22.04.2015.
Klebanov L.R. Ugolovno-pravovaya okhrana kul'turnykh tsennostey. Pod nauchn. red. A.V. Naumova. – M.: INFRA-M Norma. 2011.
Ovchinnikov S.N. Okhranitel'naya funktsiya mezhdunarodnogo tamozhennogo prava // Sbornik nauchnykh trudov SWorld. – Vypusk 3 (36).Tom 22. – Odessa: KUPRIENKO CV, 2014.
Yarovenko V.V. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za protivopravnye deystviya s dragotsennymi metallami, prirodnymi dragotsennymi kamnyami i zhemchugom Sovremennye napravleniya teoreticheskikh i prikladnykh issledovaniy '2015 // Sbornik nauchnykh trudov SWorld. – Vypusk 5 (38).Tom 22. – Odessa: KUPRIENKO CD, 2015.

References (transliteration):
Ivanov A.G. Prestupleniya v sfere oborota dragotsennykh metallov i dragotsennykh kamney. Avtoref. kand. yurid. nauk. – Khabarovsk, 2010.
Ugolovnoe pravo. Osobennaya chast' / Pod red. A. I. Raroga. M., 2001.
Rossiyskoe ugolovnoe pravo. Osobennaya chast'. Uchebnik / Pod red. V.N. Kudryavtseva i A.V. Naumova.-M.: Yurist', 1997.
Ugolovnoe pravo Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Osobennaya chast' / Pod obshch. red. G.N. Borzenkova i V.S. Komissarova.-M., 2002.-S.248, 302.
Federal'nogo zakona ot 26.03.1998 ¹ 41-FZ (red.21.11.2011) «O dragotsennykh metallakh i dragotsennykh kamnyakh» http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_132238. Data obrashcheniya 22.04.2015.
Nauchno-prakticheskoe posobie po primeneniyu Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii / pod red. V. M.Lebedeva. M.: Norma. 2005.
Nauchno-prakticheskiy kommentariy k Ugolovnomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii. V dvukh tomakh / Pod red. P.N. Panchenko. Tom pervyy. Nizhniy Novgorod. 1996.
Turanov M. Yu. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za nezakonnyy oborot dragotsennykh metallov, prirodnykh dragotsennykh kamney, zhemchuga. M.: TsIiNMOKP MVD Rossii, 2000.
Kuznetsov A. P. Ugolovno-pravovaya otvetstvennost' za narushenie pravil izgotovleniya i ispol'zovaniya gosudarstvennykh probirnykh kleym // Sledovatel'. 1999. ¹ 8.
Ugolovnoe pravo. Osobennaya chast' / Pod red. A. I. Raroga. M., 2001.
Delo 1-4/2012 (1-305/2011) 17.01.2012, Taganskiy rayonnyy sud, g. Moskva. https://rospravosudie.com/court-taganskij-rajonnyj-sud-gorod-moskva-s/act-448642947. Data obrashcheniya 22.04.2015.
Abzats 2 st. 1 Postanovleniya Pravitel'stva RF ot 18 iyunya 1999 g. ¹ 643 "O poryadke oprobovaniya i kleymeniya izdeliy iz dragotsennykh metallov" // RG. Vedomstvennoe prilozhenie. 1999. 3 iyulya.
Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda SSSR ot 18 aprelya 1980 g. «O sudebnoy praktike po delam o narusheniyakh pravil valyutnykh operatsiy»// http://pravo.levonevsky.org/baza/soviet/sssr3712.htm. Data obrashcheniya 22.04.2015.
Prigovor po delu ¹ 1-23/2011. Sudebnyy uchastok mirovogo sud'i ¹ 36 po g. Kostrome https://rospravosudie.com/court-sudebnyj-uchastok-mirovogo-sudi-36-po-g-kostrome-s/act-215875218. Data obrashcheniya 22.04.2015.
Prigovor po delu ¹ 1-79/2011. Sudebnyy uchastok mirovogo sud'i ¹ 36 po g. Kostrome https://rospravosudie.com/court-krasnoselskij-rajonnyj-sud-kostromskaya-oblast-s/act-478904516. Data obrashcheniya 22.04.2015.
Klebanov L.R. Ugolovno-pravovaya okhrana kul'turnykh tsennostey. Pod nauchn. red. A.V. Naumova. – M.: INFRA-M Norma. 2011.
Ovchinnikov S.N. Okhranitel'naya funktsiya mezhdunarodnogo tamozhennogo prava // Sbornik nauchnykh trudov SWorld. – Vypusk 3 (36).Tom 22. – Odessa: KUPRIENKO CV, 2014.
Yarovenko V.V. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za protivopravnye deystviya s dragotsennymi metallami, prirodnymi dragotsennymi kamnyami i zhemchugom Sovremennye napravleniya teoreticheskikh i prikladnykh issledovaniy '2015 // Sbornik nauchnykh trudov SWorld. – Vypusk 5 (38).Tom 22. – Odessa: KUPRIENKO CD, 2015.

Review: The subject of this research is the legal relations pertaining to the changes and termination of the land lease agreements associated with the discontinuation of lease obligations, where the object is a piece of land. These legal relations carry a mixed character, as they are regulated by the civil, land, and other legislation of the Russian Federation. The article presents a few debatable aspects of termination of a land lease agreement: correlation between termination of the agreement and discontinuation of obligations; the questions of consequences of termination of a land lease agreement. The author examines termination of a lease based on a mutual agreement, as well as by a unilateral decision. In conclusion the author proposes making changes to the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: lease, land, amendment, termination, contract, discontinuation, obligation, legal relation, registration, basis

References:
Egorova M.A. Pravovaya priroda rastorzheniya dogovora // Yurist. 2013. ¹ 17. S. 11.
Egorova A.M. Osnovnye napravleniya sovershenstvovaniya polozheniy ob izmenenii i rastorzhenii dogovorov // Problemy sovershenstvovaniya grazhdanskogo zakonodatel'stva: Materialy IV Ezhegodnykh nauchnykh chteniy pamyati professora S.N. Bratusya / Institut zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya pri Pravitel'stve RF. – M.: ID «Yuricprudentsiya», 2010. – S. 276.
Baranovskaya I.G.Dogovor arendy zemel'nogo uchastka kak problema nauki rossiyskogo grazhdanskogo prava: monografiya.-Yu-Sakh.: Izdatel'stvo YuSIEPI, 2010. – 100s.
Plenum VAS RF ot 14.03.2014 g. ¹16 «O svobode dogovora i ee predelakh» // Vestnik VAS RF, ¹5, may, 2014.
Abushenko D.B. O material'no-i protsessual'no-pravovykh osobennostyakh iskov i sudebnykh resheniy po trebovaniyam o zaklyuchenii, izmenenii i prekrashchenii dogovora // Vestnik grazhdanskogo protsessa. 2013. ¹ 2. S. 60
Postanovlenie Plenuma VAS RF ot 17.11.2011 g. ¹73 «Ob otdel'nykh voprosakh praktiki primeneniya pravil GK RF o dogovore arendy» // Vestnik VAS RF, ¹1, yanvar', 2012.
Postanovlenie Plenuma VAS RF ot 06.06.2014 g. ¹ 35 «O posledstviyakh rastorzheniya dogovora» // Vestnik VAS RF. ¹8, avgust, 2014.
Federal'nyy zakon RF ot 25.10.2001 ¹ 137-FZ «O vvedenii v deystvie Zemel'nogo kodeksa RF» // Rossiyskaya gazeta, ¹211-212, 30.01.2001.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 21.07.1997 ¹ 122-FZ«O gosudarstvennoy registratsii prav na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo i sdelok s nim" // «Rossiyskaya gazeta», ¹ 145, 30.07.1997.
Izmenenie i rastorzhenie dogovora arendy. Dis. … kand.yurid.nauk: 12.00.03/ Shlyundt N.Yu. Krasnodar, 2005.
Ivanov-Lebedev G. Neopredelennyy srok-rastorzhenie dogovora arendy zemli cherez sud // Yurist. 2011. ¹ 21. S. 44.
Kandaurov A.V. Odnostoronniy otkaz ot ispolneniya, prekrashcheniya i rastorzheniya dogovora arendy // Zakonodatel'stvo i ekonomika. 2010. N 3. S. 35.
Kozyr' O.M. Odnostoronnee rastorzhenie dogovora arendy zemel'nogo uchastka // Ekologicheskoe pravo. 2012. ¹5. S.34-37.
Litvinov D.V., Filina T.V. Zashchita prav arendatorov zemel'nykh uchastkov pri odnostoronnem rastorzhenii dogovorov arendy v gorode Moskve // Imushchestvennye otnosheniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2013. ¹12. S.58-63.
Meyer D.I. Russkoe grazhdanskoe pravo [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://civil.consultant.ru/elib/books/45/page_1.html#1
Nikuradze A.Sh. Izmenenie i rastorzhenie dogovora arendy // Yurist. 2011. N 24. S. 31.
Erdelevskiy A.M. Posledstviya rastorzheniya dogovora: sudebnaya praktika // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus. 2014.

References (transliteration):
Egorova M.A. Pravovaya priroda rastorzheniya dogovora // Yurist. 2013. ¹ 17. S. 11.
Egorova A.M. Osnovnye napravleniya sovershenstvovaniya polozheniy ob izmenenii i rastorzhenii dogovorov // Problemy sovershenstvovaniya grazhdanskogo zakonodatel'stva: Materialy IV Ezhegodnykh nauchnykh chteniy pamyati professora S.N. Bratusya / Institut zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya pri Pravitel'stve RF. – M.: ID «Yuricprudentsiya», 2010. – S. 276.
Baranovskaya I.G.Dogovor arendy zemel'nogo uchastka kak problema nauki rossiyskogo grazhdanskogo prava: monografiya.-Yu-Sakh.: Izdatel'stvo YuSIEPI, 2010. – 100s.
Plenum VAS RF ot 14.03.2014 g. ¹16 «O svobode dogovora i ee predelakh» // Vestnik VAS RF, ¹5, may, 2014.
Abushenko D.B. O material'no-i protsessual'no-pravovykh osobennostyakh iskov i sudebnykh resheniy po trebovaniyam o zaklyuchenii, izmenenii i prekrashchenii dogovora // Vestnik grazhdanskogo protsessa. 2013. ¹ 2. S. 60
Postanovlenie Plenuma VAS RF ot 17.11.2011 g. ¹73 «Ob otdel'nykh voprosakh praktiki primeneniya pravil GK RF o dogovore arendy» // Vestnik VAS RF, ¹1, yanvar', 2012.
Postanovlenie Plenuma VAS RF ot 06.06.2014 g. ¹ 35 «O posledstviyakh rastorzheniya dogovora» // Vestnik VAS RF. ¹8, avgust, 2014.
Federal'nyy zakon RF ot 25.10.2001 ¹ 137-FZ «O vvedenii v deystvie Zemel'nogo kodeksa RF» // Rossiyskaya gazeta, ¹211-212, 30.01.2001.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 21.07.1997 ¹ 122-FZ«O gosudarstvennoy registratsii prav na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo i sdelok s nim" // «Rossiyskaya gazeta», ¹ 145, 30.07.1997.
Izmenenie i rastorzhenie dogovora arendy. Dis. … kand.yurid.nauk: 12.00.03/ Shlyundt N.Yu. Krasnodar, 2005.
Ivanov-Lebedev G. Neopredelennyy srok-rastorzhenie dogovora arendy zemli cherez sud // Yurist. 2011. ¹ 21. S. 44.
Kandaurov A.V. Odnostoronniy otkaz ot ispolneniya, prekrashcheniya i rastorzheniya dogovora arendy // Zakonodatel'stvo i ekonomika. 2010. N 3. S. 35.
Kozyr' O.M. Odnostoronnee rastorzhenie dogovora arendy zemel'nogo uchastka // Ekologicheskoe pravo. 2012. ¹5. S.34-37.
Litvinov D.V., Filina T.V. Zashchita prav arendatorov zemel'nykh uchastkov pri odnostoronnem rastorzhenii dogovorov arendy v gorode Moskve // Imushchestvennye otnosheniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2013. ¹12. S.58-63.
Meyer D.I. Russkoe grazhdanskoe pravo [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://civil.consultant.ru/elib/books/45/page_1.html#1
Nikuradze A.Sh. Izmenenie i rastorzhenie dogovora arendy // Yurist. 2011. N 24. S. 31.
Erdelevskiy A.M. Posledstviya rastorzheniya dogovora: sudebnaya praktika // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus. 2014.

Review: The article examines the qualifying factors of inflicting a severe harm to a person's health - a permanent disfigurement of the face, which does not necessarily pose a serious threat to the subject's health in form of preventing them of being able to perform day-to-day duties or a complete loss of ability to perform work functions. The author notes that the proposal of some scholars to introduce criminal responsibility not only for disfigurement of the face, but also any other part of the body, is rather controversial, as face is an exposed part of the human body and is a part of forming a perception about them and can often invoke a negative reaction towards them. The proposed amendments place the face in the same position as other parts of the body. The author believes that in resolving such matters on the disfigurement of the face it is necessary to consider the victim's perception of beauty, as well as their national anatomic features as a whole: gender, age, type of activities, etc. As a solution to this problem, a proposal is made to allow the prosecutor to request an aesthetic examination, entrusting the task to portrait artists or specialists in the area of visual arts, who would provide the criteria on the presence or absence of disfigurement of the face, taking into account the national features and perceptions on beauty and uniqueness.

Keywords: face, body parts, disfigurement, disfiguration, bodily harm, damage, crime, qualification, aesthetic examination, responsibility

References:
Poznyshev S.V. Ocherk osnovnykh nachal nauki ugolovnogo prava. Osobennaya chast'. – M.,1923.
Kapustin A.V. O nekotorykh voprosakh sudebno-meditsinskoy ekspertizy stepeni tyazhesti telesnykh povrezhdeniy // Sud.-med. ekspert.1991.¹3.
Putintsev V.A., Abramov S.S. Neizgladimoe obezobrazhivanie litsa // Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza. ¹3. 2011.
Galyukova M.I. Neizgladimoe obezobrazhivanie litsa kak priznak tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu. URL: http:// www.rusnauka.com/8.NPE2007/Pravo/18984.doc.htm).
Korchagin A.G., Fedotova N.P. Ugolovno-pravovaya politika bor'by s prestupleniyami umyshlennogo prichineniya tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu. – M.: Izd-vo «Yurlitinform», 2014.
Mikhaylov S.S. (red.). Mezhdunarodnaya anatomicheskaya nomenklatura (s ofitsial'nym spiskom russkikh ekvivalentov). – M: Meditsina 1980.
Dyskin E.A., Isakov V.D., Kolkutin V.V., Putintsev V.A. Nekotorye ekspertnye kriterii neizgladimosti pri povrezhdeniyakh litsa // Aktual'nye voprosy teorii i praktiki sudebnoy meditsiny. Sbornik trudov. – Sankt-Peterburg. 1996.
Topograficheskaya anatomiya i operativnaya khirurgiya: uchebnik / Kagan I.I., Chemezov S.V. 2009. http://www.studmedlib.ru/documents/ISBN9785970410578-A010.html. Data obrashcheniya 20.10. 2014 g.
Panteleev I.F. Identifikatsiya cheloveka po priznakam vneshnosti // Kriminalistika: Uchebnik / Pod red. I.F. Panteleeva, N.A. Selivanova. – M.: Yurid. lit., 1993.
Belyakov A.A. Identifikatsiya lichnosti cheloveka po priznakam vneshnosti // Kriminalistika: ucheb. Dlya vuzov /I.F. Gerasimov, L.Ya. Drapkin, I.P. Ishchenko i dr.; Pod. red. I.F. Gerasimova, L.Ya. Drapkina. – M.: Vyssh. shk., 1994.
Eminov V.E., Yurin G.S. Ispol'zovanie pri rassledovanii sostavnykh fotograficheskikh i risovannykh portretov. – M.: VIIPP, 1973.
Chitlov D.S. Okhrana zdorov'ya grazhdan ot tyazhkikh nasil'stvennykh posyagatel'stv. – Saratov, 1974.
Polikarpova I.V. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za umyshlennoe prichinenie tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu. – M.: Izd-vo «Yurlitinform», 2009.
Polikarpova I.V. Ugolovnaya politika Rossii v otnoshenii posyagatel'stv na zdorov'e i ee vliyanie na kvalifikatsiyu prestupleniy: na primere otvetstvenno¬sti za umyshlennoe prichinenie tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. – Saratov, 2008.
Shamatul'skiy A. Neizgladimoe obezobrazhivanie litsa kak priznak tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu // Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava. 2014. ¹ 8 (45).
Savel'eva O.Yu. Otvetstvennost' za prichinenie tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu po rossiyskomu i zarubezhnomu ugolovnomu zakonodatel'stvu.// Avtoref. dis. kand. yurid. nauk. – M., 2004.
Klevno V.A., Bogomolova I.N., Zaslavskiy G.I. i dr. Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza vreda zdorov'yu. Rukovodstvo. – M., 2009.
Mikhaylov S.S. (red.). Mezhdunarodnaya anatomicheskaya nomenklatura (s ofitsial'nym spiskom russkikh ekvivalentov). – M.: Meditsina 1980.
Grishin A.V. O problemakh kvalifikatsii neizgladimogo obezobrazhivaniya litsa. Data obrashcheniya 20.10. 2014.
Trynkina I.A. Neizgladimoe obezobrazhivanie litsa kak priznak tyazhkogo telesnogo povrezhdeniya // Vtoraya nauch. konf. Kiev. otd-ya Ukrain. nauch. ob-va sudeb. medikov i kriminalistov: Ref. dokl. – Kiev, 1956.
Dubovets P.A. Otvetstvennost' za telesnye povrezhdeniya po sovetskomu ugolovnomu pravu. – M.: Yurid. lit., 1964.
Akopov V.I. Mediko-kriminalisticheskaya identifikatsiya lichnosti neopoznannogo trupa / bsm.tomsk.ru/Articles_1.htm. Data obrashcheniya 20.10. 2014 g.

References (transliteration):
Poznyshev S.V. Ocherk osnovnykh nachal nauki ugolovnogo prava. Osobennaya chast'. – M.,1923.
Kapustin A.V. O nekotorykh voprosakh sudebno-meditsinskoy ekspertizy stepeni tyazhesti telesnykh povrezhdeniy // Sud.-med. ekspert.1991.¹3.
Putintsev V.A., Abramov S.S. Neizgladimoe obezobrazhivanie litsa // Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza. ¹3. 2011.
Galyukova M.I. Neizgladimoe obezobrazhivanie litsa kak priznak tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu. URL: http:// www.rusnauka.com/8.NPE2007/Pravo/18984.doc.htm).
Korchagin A.G., Fedotova N.P. Ugolovno-pravovaya politika bor'by s prestupleniyami umyshlennogo prichineniya tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu. – M.: Izd-vo «Yurlitinform», 2014.
Mikhaylov S.S. (red.). Mezhdunarodnaya anatomicheskaya nomenklatura (s ofitsial'nym spiskom russkikh ekvivalentov). – M: Meditsina 1980.
Dyskin E.A., Isakov V.D., Kolkutin V.V., Putintsev V.A. Nekotorye ekspertnye kriterii neizgladimosti pri povrezhdeniyakh litsa // Aktual'nye voprosy teorii i praktiki sudebnoy meditsiny. Sbornik trudov. – Sankt-Peterburg. 1996.
Topograficheskaya anatomiya i operativnaya khirurgiya: uchebnik / Kagan I.I., Chemezov S.V. 2009. http://www.studmedlib.ru/documents/ISBN9785970410578-A010.html. Data obrashcheniya 20.10. 2014 g.
Panteleev I.F. Identifikatsiya cheloveka po priznakam vneshnosti // Kriminalistika: Uchebnik / Pod red. I.F. Panteleeva, N.A. Selivanova. – M.: Yurid. lit., 1993.
Belyakov A.A. Identifikatsiya lichnosti cheloveka po priznakam vneshnosti // Kriminalistika: ucheb. Dlya vuzov /I.F. Gerasimov, L.Ya. Drapkin, I.P. Ishchenko i dr.; Pod. red. I.F. Gerasimova, L.Ya. Drapkina. – M.: Vyssh. shk., 1994.
Eminov V.E., Yurin G.S. Ispol'zovanie pri rassledovanii sostavnykh fotograficheskikh i risovannykh portretov. – M.: VIIPP, 1973.
Chitlov D.S. Okhrana zdorov'ya grazhdan ot tyazhkikh nasil'stvennykh posyagatel'stv. – Saratov, 1974.
Polikarpova I.V. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za umyshlennoe prichinenie tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu. – M.: Izd-vo «Yurlitinform», 2009.
Polikarpova I.V. Ugolovnaya politika Rossii v otnoshenii posyagatel'stv na zdorov'e i ee vliyanie na kvalifikatsiyu prestupleniy: na primere otvetstvenno¬sti za umyshlennoe prichinenie tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. – Saratov, 2008.
Shamatul'skiy A. Neizgladimoe obezobrazhivanie litsa kak priznak tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu // Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava. 2014. ¹ 8 (45).
Savel'eva O.Yu. Otvetstvennost' za prichinenie tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu po rossiyskomu i zarubezhnomu ugolovnomu zakonodatel'stvu.// Avtoref. dis. kand. yurid. nauk. – M., 2004.
Klevno V.A., Bogomolova I.N., Zaslavskiy G.I. i dr. Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza vreda zdorov'yu. Rukovodstvo. – M., 2009.
Mikhaylov S.S. (red.). Mezhdunarodnaya anatomicheskaya nomenklatura (s ofitsial'nym spiskom russkikh ekvivalentov). – M.: Meditsina 1980.
Grishin A.V. O problemakh kvalifikatsii neizgladimogo obezobrazhivaniya litsa. Data obrashcheniya 20.10. 2014.
Trynkina I.A. Neizgladimoe obezobrazhivanie litsa kak priznak tyazhkogo telesnogo povrezhdeniya // Vtoraya nauch. konf. Kiev. otd-ya Ukrain. nauch. ob-va sudeb. medikov i kriminalistov: Ref. dokl. – Kiev, 1956.
Dubovets P.A. Otvetstvennost' za telesnye povrezhdeniya po sovetskomu ugolovnomu pravu. – M.: Yurid. lit., 1964.
Akopov V.I. Mediko-kriminalisticheskaya identifikatsiya lichnosti neopoznannogo trupa / bsm.tomsk.ru/Articles_1.htm. Data obrashcheniya 20.10. 2014 g.

Review: This research focuses on determining tendencies and the current state of crime in Russia based on the data of victimological statistics for the period from 2009 to 2013. The purpose of this research is to find and assess the trends of the criminality in Russia taking into account the data from the official victimological statistics. This work focuses on the following tasks: a) assessing the dynamic indexes of modern criminality in Russia; b) describing and explaining the structure of modern criminality in Russia; c) determining the nature of danger of obvious negative indexes within the modern criminality in Russia. Based on the official statistical data the author determines the evident positive trends within Russia's criminality - drop in its level, but also the negative trends that demonstrating an increase in the child and female death rate and bodily injuries as a result of a crime. The data acquired provides a glimpse at the current state of criminality in Russia. 

Keywords: victim, victimology, victimity, child death rate, female death rate, victimological statistics, Russia's criminality, crime, consequences, criminology

References:
Bannykh E.N. Viktimologicheskiy aspekt povedeniya zhenshchin-zhertv prestupleniya: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. – Chelyabinsk, 2006.
Varchuk T.V., Vishnevetskiy K.V. Viktimologiya: uchebnoe posobie / pod red. S.Ya. Lebedeva. – M., 2009.
Vishnevetskiy K.V. Kriminogennaya viktimnost' sotsial'nykh statusov v sovremennom obshchestve. – Krasnodar, 2005.
Gilinskiy Ya.I. Prestupnost', deviantnost' i sotsial'nyy kontrol' v epokhu postmoderna: tezisy k razmyshleniyu // Prestupnost', deviantnost' i sotsial'nyy kontrol' v epokhu postmoderna: materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. – SPb.: ID «Alef-Press», 2014. – S.36-40.
Glukhova A.A. Viktimologicheskaya statistika // Problemy yuridicheskoy nauki i praktiki v issledovaniyakh ad'yunktov i soiskateley: sbornik nauchnykh trudov. – Vyp.3. – N. Novgorod: NYuI MVD RF, 1997. – S.28-32.
Glukhova A.A. Viktimologicheskie faktory prestupnosti. – N. Novgorod, 2005.
Glukhova A.A., Izosimov S.V. Viktimologicheskie faktory prestupnosti: istoriya, sovremennost' i perspektivy predupreditel'nogo vozdeystviya. – N. Novgorod, 2010.
Glukhova A.A., Ustinov V.S. Ponyatie i znachenie viktimologicheskoy statistiki // Pravovye sredstva i metody zashchity zakonoposlushnogo grazhdanina v ekonomicheskoy sfere: Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. – N. Novgorod, 1998. – S.107-112.
Ivshin V.G., Idrisova S.F., Tat'yanina L.G. Viktimologiya: uchebnoe posobie. – M., 2011.
Kabanov P.A., Sadeev M.M. Kriminal'naya politicheskaya kriminologiya kak chastnaya mezhotraslevaya kriminologicheskaya teoriya: ponyatie, soderzhanie i mesto v sisteme kriminologicheskikh znaniy. – Kazan', 2007.
Kvashis V.E. Osnovy viktimologii. Problemy zashchity prav poterpevshikh ot prestupleniy. – M.: NOTA BENE, 1999.
Luneev V.V. Kurs mirovoy i rossiyskoy kriminologii: uchebnik. V 2 t. T.1. Obshchaya chast'. – M.: Izd-vo Yurayt, 2011.
Luneev V.V. Sotsial'nye posledstviya, zhertvy i tsena prestupnosti // Gosudarstvo i pravo. – 2009. – ¹1.
Pankova T.P., Sitkovskiy A.L. Viktimologicheskoe napravlenie v profilaktike prestupnosti nesovershennoletnikh // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. – 2007. – ¹13. – S.31-33. Il'in I.V. Ponyatie, kharakteristika i voprosy profilaktiki ekonomicheskogo moshennichestva (teoreticheskie aspekty): monografiya. – M., 2008.
Rivman D.V. Zhertvoprinoshenie prestupnosti // Kriminologiya – XX vek / Pod red. V.N. Burlakova, V.P. Sal'nikova. – SPb.: Izd-vo «Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press», 2000.
Rivman D.V. Kriminal'naya viktimologiya. – SPb, 2002.
Rivman D.V., Ustinov V.S. Viktimologiya. – SPb., 2000.
Rivman D.V., Ustinov V.S. Viktimologiya: Monografiya. – N. Novgorod, 1998.
Solodovnikov S.A. Viktimologicheskaya statistika v otnoshenii «prestupnik-zhertva» v sisteme kriminologicheskogo analiza // Zakon i pravo. – 2004. – ¹12. – S.22-24.
Sostoyanie i tendentsii prestupnosti v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: Kriminologicheskiy i ugolovno-pravovoy spravochnik / pod obshch. red. A.Ya. Sukhareva, S.I. Gir'ko. – M.: Izd-vo «Ekzamen», 2007.
Chelyabova E.I. Viktimologicheskaya kharakteristika nesovershennoletnikh, poterpevshikh ot zhestokogo obrashcheniya // Sledovatel'. – 2006. – ¹5. – S.53-55.
Shklyaruk M. Vmesto statistiki prestupnosti – otchety sledovateley i prokurorov o prodelannoy rabote // Vedomosti. – 2014. – 16 oktyab.

References (transliteration):
Bannykh E.N. Viktimologicheskiy aspekt povedeniya zhenshchin-zhertv prestupleniya: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. – Chelyabinsk, 2006.
Varchuk T.V., Vishnevetskiy K.V. Viktimologiya: uchebnoe posobie / pod red. S.Ya. Lebedeva. – M., 2009.
Vishnevetskiy K.V. Kriminogennaya viktimnost' sotsial'nykh statusov v sovremennom obshchestve. – Krasnodar, 2005.
Gilinskiy Ya.I. Prestupnost', deviantnost' i sotsial'nyy kontrol' v epokhu postmoderna: tezisy k razmyshleniyu // Prestupnost', deviantnost' i sotsial'nyy kontrol' v epokhu postmoderna: materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. – SPb.: ID «Alef-Press», 2014. – S.36-40.
Glukhova A.A. Viktimologicheskaya statistika // Problemy yuridicheskoy nauki i praktiki v issledovaniyakh ad'yunktov i soiskateley: sbornik nauchnykh trudov. – Vyp.3. – N. Novgorod: NYuI MVD RF, 1997. – S.28-32.
Glukhova A.A. Viktimologicheskie faktory prestupnosti. – N. Novgorod, 2005.
Glukhova A.A., Izosimov S.V. Viktimologicheskie faktory prestupnosti: istoriya, sovremennost' i perspektivy predupreditel'nogo vozdeystviya. – N. Novgorod, 2010.
Glukhova A.A., Ustinov V.S. Ponyatie i znachenie viktimologicheskoy statistiki // Pravovye sredstva i metody zashchity zakonoposlushnogo grazhdanina v ekonomicheskoy sfere: Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. – N. Novgorod, 1998. – S.107-112.
Ivshin V.G., Idrisova S.F., Tat'yanina L.G. Viktimologiya: uchebnoe posobie. – M., 2011.
Kabanov P.A., Sadeev M.M. Kriminal'naya politicheskaya kriminologiya kak chastnaya mezhotraslevaya kriminologicheskaya teoriya: ponyatie, soderzhanie i mesto v sisteme kriminologicheskikh znaniy. – Kazan', 2007.
Kvashis V.E. Osnovy viktimologii. Problemy zashchity prav poterpevshikh ot prestupleniy. – M.: NOTA BENE, 1999.
Luneev V.V. Kurs mirovoy i rossiyskoy kriminologii: uchebnik. V 2 t. T.1. Obshchaya chast'. – M.: Izd-vo Yurayt, 2011.
Luneev V.V. Sotsial'nye posledstviya, zhertvy i tsena prestupnosti // Gosudarstvo i pravo. – 2009. – ¹1.
Pankova T.P., Sitkovskiy A.L. Viktimologicheskoe napravlenie v profilaktike prestupnosti nesovershennoletnikh // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. – 2007. – ¹13. – S.31-33. Il'in I.V. Ponyatie, kharakteristika i voprosy profilaktiki ekonomicheskogo moshennichestva (teoreticheskie aspekty): monografiya. – M., 2008.
Rivman D.V. Zhertvoprinoshenie prestupnosti // Kriminologiya – XX vek / Pod red. V.N. Burlakova, V.P. Sal'nikova. – SPb.: Izd-vo «Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press», 2000.
Rivman D.V. Kriminal'naya viktimologiya. – SPb, 2002.
Rivman D.V., Ustinov V.S. Viktimologiya. – SPb., 2000.
Rivman D.V., Ustinov V.S. Viktimologiya: Monografiya. – N. Novgorod, 1998.
Solodovnikov S.A. Viktimologicheskaya statistika v otnoshenii «prestupnik-zhertva» v sisteme kriminologicheskogo analiza // Zakon i pravo. – 2004. – ¹12. – S.22-24.
Sostoyanie i tendentsii prestupnosti v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: Kriminologicheskiy i ugolovno-pravovoy spravochnik / pod obshch. red. A.Ya. Sukhareva, S.I. Gir'ko. – M.: Izd-vo «Ekzamen», 2007.
Chelyabova E.I. Viktimologicheskaya kharakteristika nesovershennoletnikh, poterpevshikh ot zhestokogo obrashcheniya // Sledovatel'. – 2006. – ¹5. – S.53-55.
Shklyaruk M. Vmesto statistiki prestupnosti – otchety sledovateley i prokurorov o prodelannoy rabote // Vedomosti. – 2014. – 16 oktyab.

Review: The subject of this research is the Insurance sphere as a legislative way of ensuring upholding of responsibilities. The purpose of this work is to present the aspects of making good on the commitments and ensuring that they are carried out within various socio-economic areas. The need for legislative support of such obligations is the basis of functioning of public education and social development as a whole. Application of the results of this work can be directed at the structuring of a balanced position on the controversial issues in ensuring contractual obligations. The instrument of the guarantee is the insurance institution. Each of the aspects defined by the fact that it is necessary to simultaneously develop countermeasures that would allow identifying those who do not exercise diligence. This position can be determined in the structural characteristics of private insurance institution. The research methodology is a complex of private industry-specific scientific methods, which contribute to the development of a civilized market of guaranteed protection from default of the counterparty or other parties involved in the contract. The result of this study is an indication that insuring can fulfill the guarantee of obligations in civil matters, although it cannot be considered a legislative method of making sure that the obligations are met. The author determines that this problem occurs primarily due to the lack of integral parts of the conceptual apparatus, as well as legal criteria for classifying these or other civil constructs as methods to enforcing the upholding of obligations.

Keywords: structure, legal evaluation, society, legislation, insurance, obligations, performance, security, jurisprudence, socio-economic space

References:
Annenkov K.N. Sistema russkogo grazhdanskogo prava. T. III: Prava obyazatel'stvennye. SPb.: Tipografiya M.M. Stasyulevicha, 1901.
Antimonov B.S., Grave K.A. Dogovor trudovogo porucheniya // Uchenye zapiski VIYuN. Vyp. 2. 1955.
Belov V.A. Grazhdanskoe pravo: Osobennaya chast': Uchebnik. M.: YurInfoR, 2004.
Belov V.A. Poruchitel'stvo. Opyt teoreticheskoy konstruktsii i obobshcheniya arbitrazhnoy praktiki. M.: YurInfoR, 1998.
Bormotov A.V. Strakhovanie otvetstvennosti po dogovoru kak sposob obespecheniya ispolneniya obyazatel'stv // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. 2010. ¹ 3.
Braginskiy M.I., Vitryanskiy V.V. Dogovornoe pravo. Kniga pervaya: Obshchie polozheniya. M.: Statut, 2001.
Grazhdanskoe pravo Rossii. Obshchaya chast': Kurs lektsiy / Otv. red. O.N. Sadikov. M.: Yurist', 2001.
Gracheva I.V., Samsonova A.E. Gosudarstvennaya garantiya: sootnoshenie chastnopravovykh i publichno-pravovykh nachal. // Finansovoe pravo. 2006. ¹ 9.
Dedikov S.V. Pravovye problemy strakhovaniya v ipoteke // Zhilishchnoe pravo. 2007. ¹ 9.
Efimova L. Strakhovanie kak sposob obespecheniya obyazatel'stv po kreditnomu dogovoru // Khozyaystvo i pravo. 1994. ¹ 7.
Ioffe O.S. Obyazatel'stvennoe pravo. M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1975.
Kleyn N.I. Kommentariy k Grazhdanskomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii chasti pervoy (postateynyy). Izd. 3-e, ispr., dop., i pererab. s ispol'zovaniem sudebno-arbitrazhnoy praktiki. Ruk. avt. kollektiva i otv. red. O.N. Sadikov. M.: Yuridicheskaya firma «Kontrakt»: INFRA-M, 2005.
Komissarova E.G., Torkin D.A. Nepoimenovannye sposoby obespecheniya obyazatel'stv v grazhdanskom prave. M.: AspektPress, 2008.
Latyntsev A.V. Obespechenie ispolneniya dogovornykh obyazatel'stv. M.: Leks-Kniga, 2002.
Meyer D.I. Russkoe grazhdanskoe pravo. M.: Statut, 2000.
Novikov K.A. Ponyatie sposoba obespecheniya ispolneniya obyazatel'stv v grazhdanskom prave: diss. … kand. yur. nauk. M., 2012.
Oygenzikht V.A. Netipichnye dogovornye otnosheniya v grazhdanskom prave. Uchebnoe posobie. Dushanbe: Izd-vo Tadzh. un-ta, 1984.
Ol'shannyy A.I. Bankovskoe kreditovanie: rossiyskiy i zarubezhnyy opyt. M.: Russkaya Delovaya Literatura, 1998.
Pakhman S.V. Obychnoe grazhdanskoe pravo v Rossii. M.: Zertsalo, 2003.
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Sovetskoe grazhdanskoe pravo: Uchebnik / Pod red. V.P. Gribanova, S.M. Korneeva. M.: Izd-vo Mosk. un-ta, 1979. T.1.
Tanaga A.N. Svoboda vybora vida zaklyuchaemogo dogovora // YuRIT-Vestnik. ¹ 7/ 2002.
Torkin D.A. Nepoimenovannye sposoby obespecheniya obyazatel'stv: diss. … kand. yur. nauk. Tyumen', 2005.
Khametov R., Mironova O. Obespechenie ispolneniya obyazatel'stv: dogovornye sposoby // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 1996. ¹ 5.

References (transliteration):
Annenkov K.N. Sistema russkogo grazhdanskogo prava. T. III: Prava obyazatel'stvennye. SPb.: Tipografiya M.M. Stasyulevicha, 1901.
Antimonov B.S., Grave K.A. Dogovor trudovogo porucheniya // Uchenye zapiski VIYuN. Vyp. 2. 1955.
Belov V.A. Grazhdanskoe pravo: Osobennaya chast': Uchebnik. M.: YurInfoR, 2004.
Belov V.A. Poruchitel'stvo. Opyt teoreticheskoy konstruktsii i obobshcheniya arbitrazhnoy praktiki. M.: YurInfoR, 1998.
Bormotov A.V. Strakhovanie otvetstvennosti po dogovoru kak sposob obespecheniya ispolneniya obyazatel'stv // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. 2010. ¹ 3.
Braginskiy M.I., Vitryanskiy V.V. Dogovornoe pravo. Kniga pervaya: Obshchie polozheniya. M.: Statut, 2001.
Grazhdanskoe pravo Rossii. Obshchaya chast': Kurs lektsiy / Otv. red. O.N. Sadikov. M.: Yurist', 2001.
Gracheva I.V., Samsonova A.E. Gosudarstvennaya garantiya: sootnoshenie chastnopravovykh i publichno-pravovykh nachal. // Finansovoe pravo. 2006. ¹ 9.
Dedikov S.V. Pravovye problemy strakhovaniya v ipoteke // Zhilishchnoe pravo. 2007. ¹ 9.
Efimova L. Strakhovanie kak sposob obespecheniya obyazatel'stv po kreditnomu dogovoru // Khozyaystvo i pravo. 1994. ¹ 7.
Ioffe O.S. Obyazatel'stvennoe pravo. M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1975.
Kleyn N.I. Kommentariy k Grazhdanskomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii chasti pervoy (postateynyy). Izd. 3-e, ispr., dop., i pererab. s ispol'zovaniem sudebno-arbitrazhnoy praktiki. Ruk. avt. kollektiva i otv. red. O.N. Sadikov. M.: Yuridicheskaya firma «Kontrakt»: INFRA-M, 2005.
Komissarova E.G., Torkin D.A. Nepoimenovannye sposoby obespecheniya obyazatel'stv v grazhdanskom prave. M.: AspektPress, 2008.
Latyntsev A.V. Obespechenie ispolneniya dogovornykh obyazatel'stv. M.: Leks-Kniga, 2002.
Meyer D.I. Russkoe grazhdanskoe pravo. M.: Statut, 2000.
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Review: The subject of this research is the determinants of criminality in general. The determinants are based upon various levels of criminal activity: general social, socio-psychological and psychological levels. The object of this research is the social relations in the area of crime prevention among persons working on the FIFO basis (on the materials of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). The author reviews a special type of discriminant pertaining to this type of criminality. The methodological basis for this article is the dialectic method of scientific knowledge. The following private scientific methods were also used: sociological, modeling and participant observation. Among main conclusions of this research is the author's vision of the causes (determinant) of the criminality of persons working on the FIFO within the general social, and socio-psychological and psychological levels. These conclusions are made on the basis of territorial principle (on the materials of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) and undoubtedly have both, theoretical and practical value.

Keywords: social tension, criminal motives, fly-in fly-out, psychological level, socio-psychological level, general social level, types of crime determinant, crime, victim behavior, criminogenic situation

References:
Alekseev A.I., Gerasimov S.I., Sukharev A.Ya. Kriminologicheskaya profilaktika: teoriya, opyt, problemy: Monografiya. M.: Izd-vo NORMA, 2001. 496 s.
Kriminologiya: Uchebnik / Pod red. B.V. Korobeynikova, N.F. Kuznetsovoy, G.M. Min'kovskogo. M.: Yurid. lit., 1988. 384 s.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Genezis prestupleniya. Opyt kriminologicheskogo modelirovaniya: Uchebnoe posobie. M.: Izdatel'skaya gruppa «FORUM-INFRA-M», 1998. 216 s.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Bor'ba motivov v prestupnom povedenii. M.: Norma, 2007. 128 s.
Polubinskiy V.I. Pravovye osnovy ucheniya o zhertve prestupleniya: Uchebnoe posobie. Gor'kiy: Gor'kovskaya vysshaya shkola MVD SSSR, 1979. 83 s.
Shesler A.V. Kriminologicheskaya kharakteristika i profilaktika professional'noy prestupnosti: Uchebnoe posobie. Tyumen': Tyumenskiy yuridicheskiy institut MVD Rossii, 2004. 61 s.
Shesler A.V. Kriminologicheskie i ugolovno-pravovye aspekty gruppovoy prestupnosti: Uchebnoe posobie. Tyumen': Tyumenskiy yuridicheskiy institut MVD Rossii, 2005. 92 s.

References (transliteration):
Alekseev A.I., Gerasimov S.I., Sukharev A.Ya. Kriminologicheskaya profilaktika: teoriya, opyt, problemy: Monografiya. M.: Izd-vo NORMA, 2001. 496 s.
Kriminologiya: Uchebnik / Pod red. B.V. Korobeynikova, N.F. Kuznetsovoy, G.M. Min'kovskogo. M.: Yurid. lit., 1988. 384 s.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Genezis prestupleniya. Opyt kriminologicheskogo modelirovaniya: Uchebnoe posobie. M.: Izdatel'skaya gruppa «FORUM-INFRA-M», 1998. 216 s.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Bor'ba motivov v prestupnom povedenii. M.: Norma, 2007. 128 s.
Polubinskiy V.I. Pravovye osnovy ucheniya o zhertve prestupleniya: Uchebnoe posobie. Gor'kiy: Gor'kovskaya vysshaya shkola MVD SSSR, 1979. 83 s.
Shesler A.V. Kriminologicheskaya kharakteristika i profilaktika professional'noy prestupnosti: Uchebnoe posobie. Tyumen': Tyumenskiy yuridicheskiy institut MVD Rossii, 2004. 61 s.
Shesler A.V. Kriminologicheskie i ugolovno-pravovye aspekty gruppovoy prestupnosti: Uchebnoe posobie. Tyumen': Tyumenskiy yuridicheskiy institut MVD Rossii, 2005. 92 s.

Review: This article reviews the issues pertaining to the regulation of the claim and complaint process in the transportations of both, freight and passengers. The author offers the classification of the requirements for the claim process that includes such groups as: adherence to the allotted complaint periods; filing the complaint according to the set rules; inclusion of the necessary documents at the time of filing the complaint; compliance with the timeframe and the order of responding to a claim. This article is first to provide a complex comparative-legal analysis of the regulation of transportation bylaws and codices of the requirements for claim and complaint process of resolving disagreements during transportation. A special attention is given to the various approaches of the transportation sources towards this regulation. The author makes a conclusion on the necessity to improve the norms that would establish these requirements. The unification of the transportation normative base that regulates the claim and complaint process of the disagreements in transportation can serve as one of the key methods of such improvement.

Keywords: Submission of a claim, Party filing a complaint , Party receiving a complaint , Adhering to complaint deadlines, Proper filing of a complaint, Response to a complaint, Freight transportation, Passenger transportation, Pre-trial form of defense, Deadline for filing a complaint.

References:
Polenina S.V. Teoreticheskie problemy sistemy sovetskogo zakonodatel'stva. M., 1979.
Predprinimatel'skoe pravo Rossiyskoy Federatsii/ otv. red. E.P.Gubin, P.G., P.G.Lakhno. M.: Yurist', 2004.
Savichev G.P. Problemy effektivnosti zakonodatel'stva v transportnykh obyazatel'stvakh. M., 1979. Erpyleva N.Yu., Maksimov D.M.. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh avtomobil'nykh perevozok gruzov, passazhirov i bagazha // Pravo i politika. – 2014. – ¹ 9. – S. 1379-1398. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.9.12861.
Egiazarov V.A. Transportnoe pravo: uchebnoe posobie. M.: Yurid . lit., 1999.
Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo: uchebnik / otv. red. G.K. Dmitrieva. – 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Prospekt, 2004.
Grechukha V.N. Unifikatsiya transportnogo zakonodatel'stva // Sbornik nauchnykh trudov (mezhvuzovskiy). T. IV Aktual'nye problemy sotsial'no-gumanitarnykh nauk. M., 2000.
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Grechukha V.N. Transportnoe pravo Rossii: uchebnik dlya magistrov. M.: Yurayt, 2012.
Anufrieva L.P. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo: V 3-kh t. Tom 1. Obshchaya chast': uchebnik. M.: BEK, 2000.
Belykh V.S. Transportnoe zakonodatel'stvo Rossii i zarubezhnykh gosudarstv, ES, ShOS, EvrAzES (sravnitel'no pravovoy analiz) /otv. red. V.A.Bublik, M.: Prospekt, 2009.
Alekseev S.S. Struktura sovetskogo prava. M., 1975.
Postanovlenie Plenuma Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 06.10.05 g. ¹ 30 «O nekotorykh voprosakh praktiki primeneniya Federal'nogo zakona «Ustav zheleznodorozhnogo transporta Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // «Vestnik VAS RF», ¹ 1, 2006.
Ustav zheleznodorozhnogo transporta Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 10.01.2003 ¹ 18-FZ // «Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF», 13.01.2003, ¹ 2.
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Kodeks torgovogo moreplavaniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 30.04.1999 ¹ 81-FZ // «Rossiyskaya gazeta», ¹ 85-86, 01-05.05.1999.
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ // «Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF», 29.01.1996, ¹ 5, st. 410.
Vozdushnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 19.03.1997 ¹ 60-FZ // «Rossiyskaya gazeta», ¹ 59-60, 26.03.1997.
Postanovlenie Sovmina RSFSR ot 08.01.1969 ¹ 12 «Ob utverzhdenii Ustava avtomobil'nogo transporta RSFSR» // «Svod zakonov RSFSR», t. 7, s. 39, 1988.
Postanovlenie Sovmina SSSR ot 15.10.1955 ¹ 1801 «Ob utverzhdenii Ustava vnutrennego vodnogo transporta Soyuza SSR» // «Svod zakonov SSSR», t. 8, s. 199, 1990.
Sadikov O.N. Unifikatsiya kak sredstvo sovershenstvovaniya grazhdanskogo zakonodatel'stva// Pravovedenie. 1970. ¹ 6.
Erpyleva N.Yu., Maksimov D.M.. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh kombinirovannykh perevozok gruzov, passazhirov i bagazha // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 498-524. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10356.
Grechukha V.N.. Garmonizatsiya rossiyskogo transportnogo zakonodatel'stva i mezhdunarodnykh transportnykh istochnikov, reguliruyushchikh otvetstvennost' perevozchika za prichineniya vreda zhizni, zdorov'yu, imushchestvu passazhira. // Pravo i politika. – 2014. – ¹ 9. – S. 1332-1337. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.9.12763.
Trunov I.L.. Problemy bezopasnosti dorozhnogo dvizheniya // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2013. – ¹ 8. – S. 797-801. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.8.9369.
A. S. Kasatkina. Kollizionnoe i material'noe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh passazhirskikh perevozok // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 56-66.
Abasov M.M.. K voprosu o novatsiyakh v obespechenii aviatsionnoy bezopasnosti pri predpoletnom dosmotre passazhirov i personala // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. – 2012. – ¹ 4. – S. 38-42.
Motin V.V.. Problemy obespecheniya transportnoy bezopasnosti v usloviyakh razvitiya informatsionnykh tekhnologiy // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2012. – ¹ 9. – S. 44-48.
N. Yu. Erpyleva, D. M. Maksimov. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh zheleznodorozhnykh perevozok // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 28-55.
M. M. Ershova. Administrativno-pravovoe regulirovanie gosudarstvennogo kontrolya v sfere avtomobil'nykh perevozok // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2012. – ¹ 4. – S. 58-63

References (transliteration):
Polenina S.V. Teoreticheskie problemy sistemy sovetskogo zakonodatel'stva. M., 1979.
Predprinimatel'skoe pravo Rossiyskoy Federatsii/ otv. red. E.P.Gubin, P.G., P.G.Lakhno. M.: Yurist', 2004.
Savichev G.P. Problemy effektivnosti zakonodatel'stva v transportnykh obyazatel'stvakh. M., 1979. Erpyleva N.Yu., Maksimov D.M.. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh avtomobil'nykh perevozok gruzov, passazhirov i bagazha // Pravo i politika. – 2014. – ¹ 9. – S. 1379-1398. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.9.12861.
Egiazarov V.A. Transportnoe pravo: uchebnoe posobie. M.: Yurid . lit., 1999.
Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo: uchebnik / otv. red. G.K. Dmitrieva. – 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Prospekt, 2004.
Grechukha V.N. Unifikatsiya transportnogo zakonodatel'stva // Sbornik nauchnykh trudov (mezhvuzovskiy). T. IV Aktual'nye problemy sotsial'no-gumanitarnykh nauk. M., 2000.
Vitryanskiy V.V. Dogovor perevozki. M.: Statut, 2001.
Grechukha V.N. Transportnoe pravo Rossii: uchebnik dlya magistrov. M.: Yurayt, 2012.
Anufrieva L.P. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo: V 3-kh t. Tom 1. Obshchaya chast': uchebnik. M.: BEK, 2000.
Belykh V.S. Transportnoe zakonodatel'stvo Rossii i zarubezhnykh gosudarstv, ES, ShOS, EvrAzES (sravnitel'no pravovoy analiz) /otv. red. V.A.Bublik, M.: Prospekt, 2009.
Alekseev S.S. Struktura sovetskogo prava. M., 1975.
Postanovlenie Plenuma Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 06.10.05 g. ¹ 30 «O nekotorykh voprosakh praktiki primeneniya Federal'nogo zakona «Ustav zheleznodorozhnogo transporta Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // «Vestnik VAS RF», ¹ 1, 2006.
Ustav zheleznodorozhnogo transporta Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 10.01.2003 ¹ 18-FZ // «Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF», 13.01.2003, ¹ 2.
Ustav avtomobil'nogo transporta i gorodskogo nazemnogo elektricheskogo transporta ot 08.11.2007 ¹ 259-FZ// «Rossiyskaya gazeta», ¹ 258, 17.11.2007.
Kodeks vnutrennego vodnogo transporta Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 07.03.2001 ¹ 24-FZ // «Parlamentskaya gazeta», ¹ 45, 12.03.2001.
Kodeks torgovogo moreplavaniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 30.04.1999 ¹ 81-FZ // «Rossiyskaya gazeta», ¹ 85-86, 01-05.05.1999.
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ // «Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF», 29.01.1996, ¹ 5, st. 410.
Vozdushnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 19.03.1997 ¹ 60-FZ // «Rossiyskaya gazeta», ¹ 59-60, 26.03.1997.
Postanovlenie Sovmina RSFSR ot 08.01.1969 ¹ 12 «Ob utverzhdenii Ustava avtomobil'nogo transporta RSFSR» // «Svod zakonov RSFSR», t. 7, s. 39, 1988.
Postanovlenie Sovmina SSSR ot 15.10.1955 ¹ 1801 «Ob utverzhdenii Ustava vnutrennego vodnogo transporta Soyuza SSR» // «Svod zakonov SSSR», t. 8, s. 199, 1990.
Sadikov O.N. Unifikatsiya kak sredstvo sovershenstvovaniya grazhdanskogo zakonodatel'stva// Pravovedenie. 1970. ¹ 6.
Erpyleva N.Yu., Maksimov D.M.. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh kombinirovannykh perevozok gruzov, passazhirov i bagazha // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 498-524. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.4.10356.
Grechukha V.N.. Garmonizatsiya rossiyskogo transportnogo zakonodatel'stva i mezhdunarodnykh transportnykh istochnikov, reguliruyushchikh otvetstvennost' perevozchika za prichineniya vreda zhizni, zdorov'yu, imushchestvu passazhira. // Pravo i politika. – 2014. – ¹ 9. – S. 1332-1337. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.9.12763.
Trunov I.L.. Problemy bezopasnosti dorozhnogo dvizheniya // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2013. – ¹ 8. – S. 797-801. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.8.9369.
A. S. Kasatkina. Kollizionnoe i material'noe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh passazhirskikh perevozok // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 56-66.
Abasov M.M.. K voprosu o novatsiyakh v obespechenii aviatsionnoy bezopasnosti pri predpoletnom dosmotre passazhirov i personala // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. – 2012. – ¹ 4. – S. 38-42.
Motin V.V.. Problemy obespecheniya transportnoy bezopasnosti v usloviyakh razvitiya informatsionnykh tekhnologiy // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2012. – ¹ 9. – S. 44-48.
N. Yu. Erpyleva, D. M. Maksimov. Pravovoe regulirovanie mezhdunarodnykh zheleznodorozhnykh perevozok // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 28-55.
M. M. Ershova. Administrativno-pravovoe regulirovanie gosudarstvennogo kontrolya v sfere avtomobil'nykh perevozok // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2012. – ¹ 4. – S. 58-63

Review: In implementing the acts of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on amnesty, the question arises whether it includes persons convicted of multiple crimes. With regards to those convicted for multiple offences the amnesty carries a certain specificity of implementation of the criminal legal norms. The consequences of amnesty in setting punishment or granting impunity from the remainder of the sentence for multiple offences, or repetitive crimes, in the case of several individual sentences are not regulated by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The implementation of acts of amnesty regarding persons convicted of multiple crimes is being demonstrated by the example of some specific court rulings. The extent of the legal consequences of implementing acts of amnesty, from impunity from criminal responsibility and punishment, to omitting criminal record, requires more thorough regulation within the acts on amnesty, and a clear order of necessary conditions when applying this institution to the persons who have committed multiple offences.

Keywords: Multiple offences, act of amnesty, repetitive crimes, legal responsibility, criminal punishment, expungement, implementation of amnesty, consequences of amnesty.

References:
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Postanovlenie prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Tatarstan po delu ¹ 44-u-291 [Elektronnyy resurs] // RosPravosudie.-https://rospravosudie.com/court-verxovnyj-sud-respubliki-tatarstan (data obrashcheniya 26 marta 2014 g.)
Postanovlenie prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Kareliya po delu ¹ 44-u-66/2011 [Elektronnyy resurs] // RosPravosudie.-https://rospravosudie.com/court-verxovnyj-sud-respubliki-kareliya (data obrashcheniya 26 marta 2013 g.).
Khachatryan A.K. Amnistiya kak vid osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti za prestupleniya v sfere ekonomicheskoy deyatel'nosti // Pravo i politika. - 2014. - 10. - C. 1576 - 1581. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.10.13075.

References (transliteration):
Luneev V.V. Prestupnost' KhKh veka: mirovye, regional'nye i rossiyskie tendentsii. M., 2005. – 912 s.
Postanovlenie Gosudarstvennoy Dumy FS RF ot 26 maya 2000 g. «Ob ob'yavlenii amnistii v svyazi s 55-letiem Pobedy v Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyne 1941-1945 godov» // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii.-2000.-¹ 22.-St. 2287.
Malkov V.P. Sovokupnost' prestupleniy (voprosy kvalifikatsii i naznacheniya nakazaniya) / Izbrannye trudy. V 3 t. T.2. Kazan': Izd-vo «Poznanie», 2011. – 524 s.
Malkov V.P. Osvobozhdenie ot nakazaniya kak osnovanie annulirovaniya sudimosti // Izbrannye trudy. V 3 t. T.1. Kazan': Izd-vo «Poznanie», 2011. – 483 s.
Grishko A.Ya. Amnistiya i pomilovanie. Ryazan': Akademiya prava i upravleniya FSIN, 2006. – 199 s.
Postanovlenie Gosudarstvennoy Dumy FS RF ot 30 noyabrya 2001 g. «Ob ob'yavlenii amnistii v otnoshenii nesovershennoletnikh i zhenshchin» // Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2001. 4 dek.
Postanovlenie Gosudarstvennoy Dumy FS RF ot 19 aprelya 2006 g. «Ob ob'yavlenii amnistii v svyazi so 100-letiem uchrezhdeniya Gosudarstvennoy Dumy v Rossii» //Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2006. 23 sent.
Postanovlenie Gosudarstvennoy Dumy FS RF ot 18 dekabrya 2013 g. «Ob ob'yavlenii amnistii v svyazi s 20-letiem prinyatiya Konstitutsii Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2013. 18 dek.
Seliverstov I.V. Pravo osuzhdennogo na rassmotrenie materialov o ego osvobozhdenii iz ispravitel'nogo uchrezhdeniya po aktu amnistii v ustanovlennyy srok //Vestnik instituta: prestuplenie, nakazanie, ispravlenie.-2011.-¹ 13.-S. 21-24.
Sverchkov V.V. Osvobozhdenie ot ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti, prekrashchenie ugolovnogo dela (presledovaniya), otkaz v ego vozbuzhdenii: problemy teorii i praktiki. SPb.: Izd-vo «Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press», 2008. – 586 s.
Sotnikov S.A. Amnistiya v ugolovnom prave Rossii. M.: Prospekt, 2010. – 368 s.
Postanovlenie Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Mordoviya po delu ¹ 44-u-53 [Elektronnyy resurs] // RosPravosudie-https://rospravosudie.com/court-verxovnyj-sud-respubliki-mordoviya-respublika-mordoviya-s/act-105219174/ (data obrashcheniya 27 marta 2014 g.).
Postanovlenie suda nadzornoy instantsii g. Rostov-na-Donu po delu ¹44-u-618 [Elektronnyy resurs] // RosPravosudie.-https://rospravosudie.com/court-rostovskij-oblastnoj-sud (data obrashcheniya 26 marta 2014 g.)
Postanovlenie prezidiuma Samarskogo oblastnogo suda po delu ¹44u/155-2010 [Elektronnyy resurs] // RosPravosudie.-https://rospravosudie.com/court-samarskij-oblastnoj-sud (data obrashcheniya 26 marta 2014 g.).
Postanovlenie prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Tatarstan po delu ¹ 44-u-291 [Elektronnyy resurs] // RosPravosudie.-https://rospravosudie.com/court-verxovnyj-sud-respubliki-tatarstan (data obrashcheniya 26 marta 2014 g.)
Postanovlenie prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Kareliya po delu ¹ 44-u-66/2011 [Elektronnyy resurs] // RosPravosudie.-https://rospravosudie.com/court-verxovnyj-sud-respubliki-kareliya (data obrashcheniya 26 marta 2013 g.).
Khachatryan A.K. Amnistiya kak vid osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti za prestupleniya v sfere ekonomicheskoy deyatel'nosti // Pravo i politika. - 2014. - 10. - C. 1576 - 1581. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.10.13075.

Review: The subject of this research is the legal regime of the objects of copyright law in France, and the legal regulation of relations that form in a process of their creation and implementation. The object of this research is the French legislation and the legal doctrine on the copyright law of the modern France. The article examines the legal position of the objects of copyright law in France, describes the rights of authors and other right holders, reveals the types of copyright agreements, and indicates the methods of protection of copyrights in case of infringement upon them. The work outlines the presence of multiple problems within the practice of realization of copyrights and their protection within the Internet environment. The author notes that the French copyright law progresses more dynamically with regards to regulating the relations that form within the conditions of emergence of new forms and technical ways of expressing creative though of an author. This includes both, the synthetic form of art, and the “technological” form of art. Among the main conclusions of the conducted research is the following: by the general rule in the French copyright law a work would be considered original and thus fall under the legal protection only if it “carries the imprint of author’s personality”.

Keywords: Copyright law, Internet, work of art, property rights, subjective right, multimedia products, musical work, copyright agreement, audiovisual work.

References:
Desbois M. Cours de propriété littéraire, artistique et industrielle. P. 1955-1956
Christie A., Gare S. Statutes on intellectual property. L.: OXFORD, 2006.
Les grands arrêts de la propriété intellectuelle. / sous la direction de Vivant M. P.: DALLOZ, 2004.
Walravens N. L'Œuvre d'art en droit d'auteur. P.: Ed. ECONOMICA, 2005.
Code de la propriété intellectuelle / Commenté 6-e edition. P., 2006.
Lebed' V.V. proizvedeniya iskusstva v avtorskom prave: Monografiya.-2-e izd.-M.:Knigodel, 2011.
Grazhdanskoe i torgovoe pravo zarubezhnykh gosudarstv / otv. red. Vasil'ev E.A., Komarov A.S. Tom II. M.: «Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya», 2008.
Efremova V. V. Avtorskoe pravo na proizvedeniya izobrazitel'nogo iskusstva v Rossii i Frantsii: Monografiya. – M.: NOTA BENE, 2009.
Pravo Evropeyskogo Soyuza: uchebnik dlya vuzov / pod red. Kashkina S.Yu. – 3-e izd., pererab. i dop. – M.: Izdatel'stvo Yurayt, 2010.
Evropeyskoe pravo. Pravo Evropeyskogo Soyuza i pravovoe obespechenie zashchity prav cheloveka / Otv. red. L.M. Entin. – 2-oe izd. M.: Norma, 2007.
Gautier P-Y. Propriété littéraire et artistique. P.:PUF. 1999.
Vivant M. Bruguière J.-M. Droit d''auteur. P.: DALLOZ. 2009.

References (transliteration):
Desbois M. Cours de propriété littéraire, artistique et industrielle. P. 1955-1956
Christie A., Gare S. Statutes on intellectual property. L.: OXFORD, 2006.
Les grands arrêts de la propriété intellectuelle. / sous la direction de Vivant M. P.: DALLOZ, 2004.
Walravens N. L'Œuvre d'art en droit d'auteur. P.: Ed. ECONOMICA, 2005.
Code de la propriété intellectuelle / Commenté 6-e edition. P., 2006.
Lebed' V.V. proizvedeniya iskusstva v avtorskom prave: Monografiya.-2-e izd.-M.:Knigodel, 2011.
Grazhdanskoe i torgovoe pravo zarubezhnykh gosudarstv / otv. red. Vasil'ev E.A., Komarov A.S. Tom II. M.: «Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya», 2008.
Efremova V. V. Avtorskoe pravo na proizvedeniya izobrazitel'nogo iskusstva v Rossii i Frantsii: Monografiya. – M.: NOTA BENE, 2009.
Pravo Evropeyskogo Soyuza: uchebnik dlya vuzov / pod red. Kashkina S.Yu. – 3-e izd., pererab. i dop. – M.: Izdatel'stvo Yurayt, 2010.
Evropeyskoe pravo. Pravo Evropeyskogo Soyuza i pravovoe obespechenie zashchity prav cheloveka / Otv. red. L.M. Entin. – 2-oe izd. M.: Norma, 2007.
Gautier P-Y. Propriété littéraire et artistique. P.:PUF. 1999.
Vivant M. Bruguière J.-M. Droit d''auteur. P.: DALLOZ. 2009.

Review: This work makes an attempt to systematize the order of implementation of the article 10 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with regards to persons serving a sentence in the form of incarceration or those who have completed their term and still have a record at the time of enactment of a law that would mitigate their position. The author reviews the new legislation on optimization of the conditions for cancellation of criminal record for a specific crime, which includes automatic voiding of criminal record if: the act no longer carries criminal punishment; carries a lesser punishment; has new conditions for release from incarceration. Situations are being reviewed, where such legislation is being implemented towards persons currently serving, or who have finished serving their sentence, or have an active criminal record at the time of enactment of a new law that is capable to mitigate the position of these persons.

Keywords: Counter effect of law, criminal record, decriminalization of an act, change to the category of a crime, legal consequences, acting legislation, punishment, threat to the public.

References:
Federal'nyy zakon ot 7 marta 2001 g. ¹ 26-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Parlamentskaya gazeta. 2011. 11 marta. ¹ 12.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 8 dekabrya 2003 g. ¹ 162-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy i dopolneniy v Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Parlamentskaya gazeta. 2003. 11 dekabrya. ¹ 231.
Kuznetsov A.P. Otvety na voprosy sudov o primenenii obratnoy sily ugolovnogo zakona // Ugolovnoe pravo. 2012. ¹ 5.
Deystvie ugolovnogo zakona vo vremeni: Materialy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, provedennoy Verkhovnym Sudom Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Ugolovnoe pravo. 2012. ¹ 5.
Gabdrakhmanov F.V. Deystvie posledstviy sudimosti vo vremeni i ikh klassifikatsiya // Aktual'nye problemy ekonomiki i prava. 2013. ¹ 4 (28). S. 241-246.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 7 dekabrya 2011 g. ¹ 420-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii i otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Ofitsial'nyy internet-portal pravovoy informatsii [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru.
Stat'ya 134 UK RF v red. Federal'nogo zakona ot 29 fevralya 2012 g. ¹ 14-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovnyy kodeks RF i otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty RF v tselyakh usileniya otvetstvennosti za prestupleniya seksual'nogo kharaktera, sovershennye v otnoshenii nesovershennoletnikh» // Ofitsial'nyy internet-portal pravovoy informatsii./URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru.
Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 13.06.1996 ¹ 63-FZ (red. ot 21.07.2014) (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 04.08.2014) // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 29 iyunya 2009 g. ¹ 141-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii i Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // SZ RF. 2009. ¹ 26. St. 3139.

References (transliteration):
Federal'nyy zakon ot 7 marta 2001 g. ¹ 26-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Parlamentskaya gazeta. 2011. 11 marta. ¹ 12.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 8 dekabrya 2003 g. ¹ 162-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy i dopolneniy v Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Parlamentskaya gazeta. 2003. 11 dekabrya. ¹ 231.
Kuznetsov A.P. Otvety na voprosy sudov o primenenii obratnoy sily ugolovnogo zakona // Ugolovnoe pravo. 2012. ¹ 5.
Deystvie ugolovnogo zakona vo vremeni: Materialy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, provedennoy Verkhovnym Sudom Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Ugolovnoe pravo. 2012. ¹ 5.
Gabdrakhmanov F.V. Deystvie posledstviy sudimosti vo vremeni i ikh klassifikatsiya // Aktual'nye problemy ekonomiki i prava. 2013. ¹ 4 (28). S. 241-246.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 7 dekabrya 2011 g. ¹ 420-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii i otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Ofitsial'nyy internet-portal pravovoy informatsii [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru.
Stat'ya 134 UK RF v red. Federal'nogo zakona ot 29 fevralya 2012 g. ¹ 14-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovnyy kodeks RF i otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty RF v tselyakh usileniya otvetstvennosti za prestupleniya seksual'nogo kharaktera, sovershennye v otnoshenii nesovershennoletnikh» // Ofitsial'nyy internet-portal pravovoy informatsii./URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru.
Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 13.06.1996 ¹ 63-FZ (red. ot 21.07.2014) (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 04.08.2014) // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 29 iyunya 2009 g. ¹ 141-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii i Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // SZ RF. 2009. ¹ 26. St. 3139.

Review: This article is dedicated to the issue within Russia’s and Germany’s legal system of enforceability of the terms of the preliminary agreement where both parties agree to carry out these terms prior to signing of the actual contract, or are expected to do so based on the principle of trustworthiness. The author explores the ways by which both parties could be stimulated to fulfill these terms by filing a lawsuit, forcing the other party to meet the conditions of the agreement, as well claiming damages should one of the parties fail to complete the terms. The methodological foundation for this article consists of the following methods: dialectical, formal logical, analysis, synthesis, comparative, induction, and deduction. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that Germany and Russia have a different outlook on the terms of the preliminary agreements; therefore the main accent is made on the use of legal comparative method and offers characteristics of the legislative mechanisms of both countries.

Keywords: Preliminary agreement, general contract, German law, Russian law, principle of trustworthiness, misuse of law, enforcement of terms, damages, profit loss, actual damages.

References:
Sklovskiy K.I. Sobstvennost' v grazhdanskom prave. 5-e izd., pererab. M.: Statut, 2010.
Polyakova V.E. Soglasie na zaklyuchenie kak uslovie deystvitel'nosti predvaritel'nogo dogovora: nemetskiy i rossiyskiy opyt // Pravo i politika.-2014.-8.-C. 1260-1266. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.8.12532.
Men'shenin P. A. Predvaritel'nyy dogovor v rossiyskom grazhdanskom prave. Dis. kand. yurid. nauk.-M., 2011.
Vasil'ev A.B. Predvaritel'nyy dogovor v prave Rossii i SShA. Dis. kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2007.
Egorov A.V. Struktura obyazatel'stvennogo otnosheniya: narabotki germanskoy doktriny i ikh primenimost' v Rossii // Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava. 2011. N 3. S. 241-274.
Münchener Kommentar zum BGB.-Muenchen, 2006.
Staudinger, Julius Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch mit Einführungsgesetz und Nebengesetzen.-Verlag de Gruyter, 2010.
Herzog N. Der Vorvertrag im schweizerischen und deutschen Schuldrecht.-Zuerich, 1999. Larenz K., Lehrbuch des Schuldrechts, Bd.l, Allg. Teil. – München, 1987.
Esser J. /Schmidt E. Schuldrecht: ein Lehrbuch, Bd.l, Allg. Teil.-Heidelberg, 1984.
Henrich D. Vorvertrag, Optionsvertrag, Vorrechtsvertrag. Eine dogmatisch-systematische Untersuchung der vertraglichen Bindungen vor und zu einem Vertragsschluss. (Beiträge zum ausländischen und internationalen Privatrecht).-Berlin, 1965. S. 184.
Trefilov A.A. Pokazaniya svideteley v dokazetel'stvennom prave Germanii // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2012.-¹ 4.-S.49-72. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2012.4.304. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_304.htm
Shcherbakova L.V. Mesto i rol' deystviy
po ispolneniyu administrativno-
dogovornogo obyazatel'stva v sisteme
yuridicheskikh faktov // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2013. - 4. - C. 369 - 384. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.04.12.

References (transliteration):
Sklovskiy K.I. Sobstvennost' v grazhdanskom prave. 5-e izd., pererab. M.: Statut, 2010.
Polyakova V.E. Soglasie na zaklyuchenie kak uslovie deystvitel'nosti predvaritel'nogo dogovora: nemetskiy i rossiyskiy opyt // Pravo i politika.-2014.-8.-C. 1260-1266. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.8.12532.
Men'shenin P. A. Predvaritel'nyy dogovor v rossiyskom grazhdanskom prave. Dis. kand. yurid. nauk.-M., 2011.
Vasil'ev A.B. Predvaritel'nyy dogovor v prave Rossii i SShA. Dis. kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2007.
Egorov A.V. Struktura obyazatel'stvennogo otnosheniya: narabotki germanskoy doktriny i ikh primenimost' v Rossii // Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava. 2011. N 3. S. 241-274.
Münchener Kommentar zum BGB.-Muenchen, 2006.
Staudinger, Julius Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch mit Einführungsgesetz und Nebengesetzen.-Verlag de Gruyter, 2010.
Herzog N. Der Vorvertrag im schweizerischen und deutschen Schuldrecht.-Zuerich, 1999. Larenz K., Lehrbuch des Schuldrechts, Bd.l, Allg. Teil. – München, 1987.
Esser J. /Schmidt E. Schuldrecht: ein Lehrbuch, Bd.l, Allg. Teil.-Heidelberg, 1984.
Henrich D. Vorvertrag, Optionsvertrag, Vorrechtsvertrag. Eine dogmatisch-systematische Untersuchung der vertraglichen Bindungen vor und zu einem Vertragsschluss. (Beiträge zum ausländischen und internationalen Privatrecht).-Berlin, 1965. S. 184.
Trefilov A.A. Pokazaniya svideteley v dokazetel'stvennom prave Germanii // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2012.-¹ 4.-S.49-72. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2012.4.304. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_304.htm
Shcherbakova L.V. Mesto i rol' deystviy
po ispolneniyu administrativno-
dogovornogo obyazatel'stva v sisteme
yuridicheskikh faktov // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2013. - 4. - C. 369 - 384. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.04.12.

Review: In order to establish consistencies, the authors analyzed the dermatoglyphical traits of notorious serial killers, who had committed their crimes in different regions of the country, years, and for different motives. The authors state that the modern forensic trasology conducts the research on traces of sweat and fat via the methods of forensic dermatoglyphics, which yield broader and more significant data for indirect identification, as well as diagnostic research. They state that using the dermatoglyphic methods in forensic criminalistics it is possible to compose a behavioral portrait of a suspect and determine pathological specifics of the human organism by the papillary lines of the fingers and palms. The research shows that different individuals can share certain dermatoglyphical characteristics. However, these similarities cannot be considered as an established pattern of deviant behavior due to the small number of the fingerprint cards that have been examined.

Keywords: Serial crimes, criminals, trasology, research, dermatoglyphics, fingerprints, fingerprint cards, papillary lines, psychodermatoglyphics, suicide.

References:
Badikov K.N. Psikhodermatoglificheskiy profil' "seriynykh" ubiyts // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki.-2013.-5.-C. 247-267. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.5.505. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_505.html
Fedyaev O.N. Aktual'nost' ispol'zovaniya vneshnikh priznakov cheloveka pri ustanovlenii lichnosti podozrevaemogo. // Pravo i politika.-2014.-7.-C. 1063-1069. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.7.11849.
Yarovenko V.V. Kriminalisticheskaya dermatoglifika: // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki.-2013.-4.-C. 351-372. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.4.587. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_587.html
Badikov K.N. Psikhodermatoglificheskiy metod kompleksnogo issledovaniya sledov ruk: ponyatiya, metodika, perspektivy razvitiya / Izd-vo LAMBERT Academic Publisinq, 2012. – S. 13.
Badikov K.N. Psikhodermatoglifika kak integral'naya model' morfofunktsional'nogo potentsiala cheloveka» (DSP) / Izd-vo VF RTA, 2007. – S. 70-100.
Badikov K.N. Psikhodermatoglifika: ponyatie, sistemy, metodiki: monografiya. Izd-vo Dal'nevost. feder. un-ta. 2011. – S. 71-85.
Badikov K.N. Dermatoglificheskie issledovaniya v metodike postroeniya poiskovoy kriminalisticheskoy modeli lichnosti / Izd-vo VF RTA, 2003. – S. 127-129.
Vlasov A.V. Doklad «Vizual'nyy ekspress metod psikhodiagnostiki lichnosti po uzoram papillyarnykh liniy ukazatel'nykh pal'tsev» (patent ¹ 2469646 ot 20.12. 2012 // alexwlwl@yandex.ru
Andreeva T.A., Kitaev N.N. Poisk seriynykh ubiyts: antinauchnye rekomendatsii // Podgotovka kadrov dlya silovykh struktur: sovremennye napravleniya i obrazovatel'nye tekhnologii. Materialy 14-y vserossiyskoy nauchno-metodich. konferentsii.-Irkutsk, 2009.-S. 132.
Bogdanov N.N.. Samishchenko S.S. Khvylya-Olinter A.G. Dermatoglifika seriynykh ubiyts // Voprosy psikhologii. 1998. ¹ 4. – S. 64.
Yarovenko V.V. Kriminalisticheskaya dermatoglifika: monografiya / V.V. Yarovenko. – Vladivostok: Izd-vo Dal'nevost. federal. un-ta, 2011. – S. 62-88.
Zoroastrov M. O. Sudebno-meditsinskie aspekty dinamiki i geneticheskikh osnov samoubiystv u zhiteley Tyumenskogo regiona. Avtooref. diss…k.m.n.,-M., 2006.
Ardashev R.G. Ispol'zovanie znaniy dermatoglifiki pri ustanovlenii fakta istinnogo samoubiystva i ego instsenirovki // Deyatel'nost' pravookhranitel'nykh organov v sovremennykh usloviyakh: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. – Irkutsk: FGKOU VPO «Vostochno-Sibirskiy institut MVD Rossii», 2013. – S.190-191.
Vlasov A.V. Vizual'nyy ekspress metod psikhodiagnostiki lichnosti po uzoram papillyarnykh liniy ukazatel'nykh pal'tsev // Molodoy uchenyy: Ezhemesyachnyy nauchnyy zhurnal, ¹ 1 (36), Tom. 2. 2012. – S. 52.
Bogdanov N.N.. Samishchenko S.S. Khvylya-Olinter A.G. Dermatoglifika seriynykh ubiyts // Voprosy psikhologii. 1998. ¹ 4. – S. 62.
Vlasov A.V. Grebeshkovaya kozha na vtorom urovne predstavlyaet antropologicheskuyu metodiku opredeleniya genoma cheloveka po rezul'tatam daktiloskopii desyati pal'tsev // Molodoy uchenyy: Ezhemesyachnyy nauchnyy zhurnal, ¹ 8 (55), 2013. – S. 351-355.
K. N. Badikov Psikhodermatoglificheskiy metod v teorii i praktike postroeniya poiskovoy kriminalisticheskoy modeli lichnosti // Pravo i politika.-2012.-6.-C. 1053-1061.
Badikov K.N. Innovatsii psikhodermatoglifiki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 9.-S.69-80. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.9.9266. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9266.html
K. N. Badikov. Psikhodermatoglificheskiy metod v teorii i praktike postroeniya poiskovoy kriminalisticheskoy modeli lichnosti // Pravo i politika. – 2012. – ¹ 6. – S. 1053-1061.
Badikov K.N. Prakticheskaya napravlennost' psikhodermatoglificheskogo metoda v diagnostike kriminal'nogo povedeniya // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 10.-S.175-191. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.10.9771. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9771.html
Badikov K.N. Mezhdistsiplinarnyy podkhod k resheniyu zadach ustanovleniya pola po edinichnomu sledu pal'tsa ruki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2014.-¹ 6.-S.33-49. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2014.6.12172. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_12172.html
Badikov K.N. Psikhodermatoglifika v klinicheskoy personologii lits s protivopravnym povedeniem // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 7.-S.148-167. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.7.8823. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_8823.html
Badikov K.N. Stanovlenie i perspektivy psikhodermatoglifiki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 8.-S.194-212. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.8.5103. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_5103.html
Yarovenko V.V., Badikov K.N. K voprosu o psikhologicheskoy dermatoglifiki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 6.-S.351-364. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.6.757. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_757.html
Badikov K.N., Yarovenko V.V. Vozrastnye i nozologicheskie korrelyatsii stareniya pri provedenii psikhodermatoglificheskikh issledovaniy // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2012.-¹ 5.-S.196-217. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2012.5.368. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_368.html
Yarovenko V.V. Problemy primeneniya spetsial'nykh znaniy pri issledovanii razlichnykh vidov ognestrel'nogo oruzhiya i boepripasov // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2012.-¹ 2.-S.146-163. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2012.2.165. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_165.html
Aleksova A.V., Yarovenko V.V. Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie problemy provedeniya sudebno-ballisticheskoy ekspertizy po ustanovleniyu otnosimosti ob'ekta // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.223-250. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.1.425. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_425.html
Yarovenko V.V., Atanova K.A. Kriminalisticheskaya ekspertiza poddelki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 3.-S.318-329. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.3.612. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_612.html
Yarovenko V.V. Kriminalisticheskaya dermatoglifika: // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.351-372. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.4.587. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_587.html
Yarovenko V.V., Karataev A.V. Kriminalisticheskaya kharakteristika i neotlozhnye sledstvennye deystviya po delam o nezakonnoy okhote // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 5.-S.351-377. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.5.791. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_791.html
Yarovenko V.V.. Obshchestvennaya opasnost' otdel'nykh vidov oruzhiya i ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za nego // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 86-91

References (transliteration):
Badikov K.N. Psikhodermatoglificheskiy profil' "seriynykh" ubiyts // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki.-2013.-5.-C. 247-267. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.5.505. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_505.html
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Yarovenko V.V. Kriminalisticheskaya dermatoglifika: // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki.-2013.-4.-C. 351-372. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.4.587. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_587.html
Badikov K.N. Psikhodermatoglificheskiy metod kompleksnogo issledovaniya sledov ruk: ponyatiya, metodika, perspektivy razvitiya / Izd-vo LAMBERT Academic Publisinq, 2012. – S. 13.
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Vlasov A.V. Doklad «Vizual'nyy ekspress metod psikhodiagnostiki lichnosti po uzoram papillyarnykh liniy ukazatel'nykh pal'tsev» (patent ¹ 2469646 ot 20.12. 2012 // alexwlwl@yandex.ru
Andreeva T.A., Kitaev N.N. Poisk seriynykh ubiyts: antinauchnye rekomendatsii // Podgotovka kadrov dlya silovykh struktur: sovremennye napravleniya i obrazovatel'nye tekhnologii. Materialy 14-y vserossiyskoy nauchno-metodich. konferentsii.-Irkutsk, 2009.-S. 132.
Bogdanov N.N.. Samishchenko S.S. Khvylya-Olinter A.G. Dermatoglifika seriynykh ubiyts // Voprosy psikhologii. 1998. ¹ 4. – S. 64.
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Zoroastrov M. O. Sudebno-meditsinskie aspekty dinamiki i geneticheskikh osnov samoubiystv u zhiteley Tyumenskogo regiona. Avtooref. diss…k.m.n.,-M., 2006.
Ardashev R.G. Ispol'zovanie znaniy dermatoglifiki pri ustanovlenii fakta istinnogo samoubiystva i ego instsenirovki // Deyatel'nost' pravookhranitel'nykh organov v sovremennykh usloviyakh: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. – Irkutsk: FGKOU VPO «Vostochno-Sibirskiy institut MVD Rossii», 2013. – S.190-191.
Vlasov A.V. Vizual'nyy ekspress metod psikhodiagnostiki lichnosti po uzoram papillyarnykh liniy ukazatel'nykh pal'tsev // Molodoy uchenyy: Ezhemesyachnyy nauchnyy zhurnal, ¹ 1 (36), Tom. 2. 2012. – S. 52.
Bogdanov N.N.. Samishchenko S.S. Khvylya-Olinter A.G. Dermatoglifika seriynykh ubiyts // Voprosy psikhologii. 1998. ¹ 4. – S. 62.
Vlasov A.V. Grebeshkovaya kozha na vtorom urovne predstavlyaet antropologicheskuyu metodiku opredeleniya genoma cheloveka po rezul'tatam daktiloskopii desyati pal'tsev // Molodoy uchenyy: Ezhemesyachnyy nauchnyy zhurnal, ¹ 8 (55), 2013. – S. 351-355.
K. N. Badikov Psikhodermatoglificheskiy metod v teorii i praktike postroeniya poiskovoy kriminalisticheskoy modeli lichnosti // Pravo i politika.-2012.-6.-C. 1053-1061.
Badikov K.N. Innovatsii psikhodermatoglifiki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 9.-S.69-80. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.9.9266. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9266.html
K. N. Badikov. Psikhodermatoglificheskiy metod v teorii i praktike postroeniya poiskovoy kriminalisticheskoy modeli lichnosti // Pravo i politika. – 2012. – ¹ 6. – S. 1053-1061.
Badikov K.N. Prakticheskaya napravlennost' psikhodermatoglificheskogo metoda v diagnostike kriminal'nogo povedeniya // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 10.-S.175-191. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.10.9771. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9771.html
Badikov K.N. Mezhdistsiplinarnyy podkhod k resheniyu zadach ustanovleniya pola po edinichnomu sledu pal'tsa ruki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2014.-¹ 6.-S.33-49. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2014.6.12172. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_12172.html
Badikov K.N. Psikhodermatoglifika v klinicheskoy personologii lits s protivopravnym povedeniem // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 7.-S.148-167. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.7.8823. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_8823.html
Badikov K.N. Stanovlenie i perspektivy psikhodermatoglifiki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 8.-S.194-212. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.8.5103. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_5103.html
Yarovenko V.V., Badikov K.N. K voprosu o psikhologicheskoy dermatoglifiki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 6.-S.351-364. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.6.757. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_757.html
Badikov K.N., Yarovenko V.V. Vozrastnye i nozologicheskie korrelyatsii stareniya pri provedenii psikhodermatoglificheskikh issledovaniy // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2012.-¹ 5.-S.196-217. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2012.5.368. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_368.html
Yarovenko V.V. Problemy primeneniya spetsial'nykh znaniy pri issledovanii razlichnykh vidov ognestrel'nogo oruzhiya i boepripasov // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2012.-¹ 2.-S.146-163. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2012.2.165. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_165.html
Aleksova A.V., Yarovenko V.V. Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie problemy provedeniya sudebno-ballisticheskoy ekspertizy po ustanovleniyu otnosimosti ob'ekta // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.223-250. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.1.425. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_425.html
Yarovenko V.V., Atanova K.A. Kriminalisticheskaya ekspertiza poddelki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 3.-S.318-329. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.3.612. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_612.html
Yarovenko V.V. Kriminalisticheskaya dermatoglifika: // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.351-372. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.4.587. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_587.html
Yarovenko V.V., Karataev A.V. Kriminalisticheskaya kharakteristika i neotlozhnye sledstvennye deystviya po delam o nezakonnoy okhote // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 5.-S.351-377. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.5.791. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_791.html
Yarovenko V.V.. Obshchestvennaya opasnost' otdel'nykh vidov oruzhiya i ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za nego // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 86-91

Review: The author analyzes the civil legislation that regulates the state registration of real estate titles, concentrating on the practical questions arising in the process of its implementation, and gives an assessment to the current problems. Using the comparative analysis, the author examines the issue regarding the rights of both parties in a contract, which in itself does not qualify for registration, but stipulates changes to the property rights, for which there is a government registration. The author does not agree with the opinion of the legislation that the terms lien and encumbrance are not synonymous, and proposes that an amendment would be made to include authentic interpretation clarifying the registration of encumbrances includes registrations of all real estate contracts that do not involve transfer of ownership. Such official explanation would eliminate the legal limbo that carries unsubstantiated limitations to the rights of both sides of the contract.

Keywords: Real estate, title registration, encumbrance, lien, transaction registration, transfer of ownership, cadaster, contestation of ownership, property.

References:
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References (transliteration):
V.A. Bogonenko Pravovoe regulirovanie otnosheniy v sfere nedvizhimosti (na primere Shvetsii) // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya.-2011.-3.-C. 69-74.
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Tamazyan S.K., Ogurtsova M.N. Reshenie suda o priznanii nezakonnymi deystviy registratsionnykh organov i ego ispolnenie // Urbanistika i rynok nedvizhimosti.-2014.-1.-C. 22-31. DOI: 10.7256/.2014.1.10178.
Patyutko D.Yu. Ob'ekty nezavershennogo stroitel'stva kak grazhdansko-pravovaya kategoriya. // Diss...kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2011.
Pustovalova E.A. Gosudarstvennaya registratsiya prav na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo na sovremennom etape razvitiya grazhdanskogo zakonodatel'stva // // Avtoref. diss. . . kand. yurid. nauk. .M. 2012.
Sinitsyn S.A. Problemy iskovoy zashchity veshchnykh prav na ob'ekty nedvizhimosti v grazhdanskom prave Rossii i pravoporyadkakh germanskogo tipa // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya.-2012.-4.-C. 52-68.
Novitskaya T.E. Pravovoe regulirovanie imushchestvennykh otnosheniy v Rossii vo vtoroy polovine XVIII veka. M., 2005.
Kontseptsiya razvitiya grazhdanskogo zakonodatel'stva o nedvizhimom imushchestve. Pod obshch. red. V.V. Vitryanskogo, O.M. Kozyr', A.A. Makovskoy. M., 2004.
Meyer D.I. Russkoe grazhdanskoe pravo. Ch. 2. M., 1997
Bazanov I.A. Proiskhozhdenie sovremennoy ipoteki. Noveyshie techeniya v votchinnom prave v svyazi s sovremennym stroem narodnogo khozyaystva. M., 2004
Bevzenko R.S. Gosudarstvennaya registratsiya prav na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo: problemy i puti resheniya., M. 2011
Braginskiy M.I., Vitryanskiy V.V. Dogovornoe pravo. Kn. vtoraya: dogovory o peredache imushchestva. M., 2003
Demushkina E.S. Problemy primenimosti aktsessornosti i veshchnoy zashchity ipoteki v rossiyskom grazhdanskom prave. «Yurisprudentsiya», 2011.
Diskin E.I. Gosudarstvennaya registratsiya prav na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo na osnovanii sudebnykh aktov // Avtoref. diss. . . kand. yurid. nauk. .M. 2013.
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Babkin S.A. Osnovnye nachala organizatsii oborota nedvizhimosti. M., 2001.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 21.07.1997 N 122-FZ "O gosudarstvennoy registratsii prav na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo i sdelok s nim" // http://www.pravo.gov.ru, 22.07.2014.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 30.12.2012 ¹ 302-FZ "O vnesenii izmeneniy v glavy 1, 2, 3 i 4 chasti pervoy Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii" // http://pravo.fso.gov.ru/ips/, 04.03.2013;
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 26 yanvarya 1996 g. N 14-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 29 yanvarya 1996 g. N 5 st. 410 (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 01.09.2014)
Kukushkin S.N. Voprosy ugolovno-pravovoy otvetstvennosti gosudarstvennykh registratorov v sfere ekonomicheskogo oborota nedvizhimosti (st.170 i st.285.3 UK RF) // NB: Rossiyskoe politseyskoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.45-60. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4218.2013.4.9251. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/pm/article_9251.html
Sternik G.M., Sternik S.G., Sviridov A.V.. Razvitie i sovershenstvovanie metodov prognozirovaniya na rynke zhiloy nedvizhimosti // Urbanistika i rynok nedvizhimosti. – 2014. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/.2014.1.10025
Tadtaeva V.V. Preimushchestva i nedostatki planiruemogo naloga na nedvizhimost' // NB: Finansovoe pravo i upravlenie. — 2013.-¹ 2.-S.45-50. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4234.2013.2.742. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/flc/article_742.html
Milovidov O.D.. Osnovnye formy prav na nedvizhimost' v zakonodatel'stve Velikobritanii i SShA // Urbanistika i rynok nedvizhimosti. – 2014. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/.2014.1.9776
Semizarova A.G.. Problematika ucheta ob'ektov kul'turnogo naslediya pri podgotovke dokumentov territorial'nogo planirovaniya munitsipal'nykh obrazovaniy na primere Moskovskoy oblasti // Urbanistika i rynok nedvizhimosti. – 2014. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/.2014.1.10308
Tamazyan S.K., Ogurtsova M.N.. Reshenie suda o priznanii nezakonnymi deystviy registratsionnykh organov i ego ispolnenie // Urbanistika i rynok nedvizhimosti. – 2014. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/.2014.1.10178
Suboch E.L.. Pravovaya priroda nedvizhimogo imushchestva, ego mesto v sisteme ob'ektov grazhdan-skikh prav // Urbanistika i rynok nedvizhimosti. – 2014. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/.2014.1.10177
Pylaeva A.V.. O nalogovoy nagruzke na fizicheskikh lits po nalogu na ob'ekty zhilogo fonda, ischislennomu na osnove kadastrovoy stoimosti // Nalogi i nalogooblozhenie. – 2013. – ¹ 7. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8688.2013.7.9345
Kukushkin S.N.. Voprosy ugolovno-pravovoy otvetstvennosti gosudarstvennykh registratorov v sfere ekonomicheskogo oborota nedvizhimosti (st. 170 i st. 285.3 UK RF) // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. – 2012. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107

Review: The author analyzes Art. 152.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and its contents, as well as the practice of its application provide basis for ambiguous evaluation, since they may weaken the protection of the inviolability of private life, rather than strengthening this protection. The problem is especially acutely focused on the private life of the renowned persons, the so-called “public persons”, “public figures”, “persons of public professions” and the wishes of the mass media specialized in news from “star life” (so-called “yellow press”) to use this information in order to sell their products. Methodological basis for the article was formed with the modern legal teachings and methodology of scientific cognition. Methodological basis is formed based upon the philosophical and general scientific methods of systemic analysis, generalization of normative materials and judicial practice, dialectic and specific historical approaches towards the problems in question. The article has certain scientific novelty. The provision that there is no violation of part 1 of Art. 152.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation if the information on private life was generally accessible or was divulged by a person himself or according to his will should be terminated from the text of Art. 152.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, providing that divulging information by a person or according to his will only concerns the source where such an information was provided. And only this source of information (title owner of this source) may be relieved from responsibility for collection, preservation and distribution of information on private life of a person, if the latter shall bring a claim. The condition should not apply to other persons.

Keywords: Inviolability, immaterial value, non-proprietary value, private life, Internet, compensation, moral damage, mass media, public persons, information.

Contact information: Veshkurtseva, Zoya Valerievna, 125481, Russia, Moskva, ul. Svobody, 91-1, of. 277.

References:
Bundin M.V. Opyt pravovogo regulirovaniya prava na chastnuyu zhizn' i personal'nykh dannykh v Soedinennykh Shtatakh Ameriki // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya.-2012.-3.-C. 162-168.
Federal'nyy zakon «Ob informatsii, informatsionnykh tekhnologiyakh i o zashchite informatsii» ot 27.07.2006 ¹ 149-FZ (red. ot 28.12.2013). // "Rossiyskaya gazeta", N 165, 29.07.2006.
Zakon RF «O sredstvakh massovoy informatsii» ot 27.12.1991 ¹ 2124-1 (red. ot 02.07.2013). // Rossiyskaya gazeta", N 32, 08.02.1992.
"Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' pervaya)" ot 30.11.1994 N 51-FZ (v redaktsii ot 02.11.2013) // Ofitsial'nyy internet-portal pravovoy informatsii http://www.pravo.gov.ru-03.11.2013.
«Konstitutsiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // "Rossiyskaya gazeta", N 7, 21.01.2009.
Erdelevskiy A.M. Ob izmeneniyakh v sposobakh zashchity lichnykh neimushchestvennykh blag // Khozyaystvo i pravo. 2013. ¹ 11.-S. 24-31.
Grishaev S.P. Pravo na neprikosnovennost' chastnoy zhizni. // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus. 2012.
Grishaev S.P. Novoe v zakonodatel'stve: pravovoe regulirovanie chastnoy zhizni v GK RF // Khozyaystvo i pravo. 2013. ¹ 11.-S. 31-42.
Azarov M.S. Informatsiya i domennye imena:
vzaimodeystvie v ramkakh
informatsionnogo prava. // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2010. - 12. - C. 40 - 44.
Ratiner T.G. Informatsionno-psikhologicheskaya bezopasnost' shkol'nikov pri rabote v internete // NB: Pedagogika i prosveshchenie. - 2014. - 1. - C. 73 - 96. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4188.2014.1.10923. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pp/article_10923.html
Dmitriev Yu.A. Konstitutsionnyy Sud v zashchite
neprikosnovennosti chastnoy zhizni. // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. - 2011. - 3. - C. 5 - 7.

References (transliteration):
Bundin M.V. Opyt pravovogo regulirovaniya prava na chastnuyu zhizn' i personal'nykh dannykh v Soedinennykh Shtatakh Ameriki // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya.-2012.-3.-C. 162-168.
Federal'nyy zakon «Ob informatsii, informatsionnykh tekhnologiyakh i o zashchite informatsii» ot 27.07.2006 ¹ 149-FZ (red. ot 28.12.2013). // "Rossiyskaya gazeta", N 165, 29.07.2006.
Zakon RF «O sredstvakh massovoy informatsii» ot 27.12.1991 ¹ 2124-1 (red. ot 02.07.2013). // Rossiyskaya gazeta", N 32, 08.02.1992.
"Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' pervaya)" ot 30.11.1994 N 51-FZ (v redaktsii ot 02.11.2013) // Ofitsial'nyy internet-portal pravovoy informatsii http://www.pravo.gov.ru-03.11.2013.
«Konstitutsiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // "Rossiyskaya gazeta", N 7, 21.01.2009.
Erdelevskiy A.M. Ob izmeneniyakh v sposobakh zashchity lichnykh neimushchestvennykh blag // Khozyaystvo i pravo. 2013. ¹ 11.-S. 24-31.
Grishaev S.P. Pravo na neprikosnovennost' chastnoy zhizni. // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus. 2012.
Grishaev S.P. Novoe v zakonodatel'stve: pravovoe regulirovanie chastnoy zhizni v GK RF // Khozyaystvo i pravo. 2013. ¹ 11.-S. 31-42.
Azarov M.S. Informatsiya i domennye imena:
vzaimodeystvie v ramkakh
informatsionnogo prava. // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2010. - 12. - C. 40 - 44.
Ratiner T.G. Informatsionno-psikhologicheskaya bezopasnost' shkol'nikov pri rabote v internete // NB: Pedagogika i prosveshchenie. - 2014. - 1. - C. 73 - 96. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4188.2014.1.10923. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pp/article_10923.html
Dmitriev Yu.A. Konstitutsionnyy Sud v zashchite
neprikosnovennosti chastnoy zhizni. // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. - 2011. - 3. - C. 5 - 7.

Review: The article is devoted to the analysis of the so-called “economic amnesty” as the type of dismissal from criminal responsibility for the crimes in the economic sphere. The author singles out the general characteristics of amnesty as a type of dismissal from criminal responsibility, providing analysis of its application to the economic crimes. Based upon the analysis of the practice of application of the decree on the amnesty, the author shows the difficulties regarding legal formulae and de facto implementation of the amnesty conditions, especially those concerning compensation of the damage. The author analyzes the general targets of the amnesty. The article is based upon the use of sociological and formal legal methods in the analysis of the practice of amnesty application. The author also used statistical method in order to evaluate amnesty efficiency. The practice of application of amnesty has shown its imperfections in part of defining the conditions for the amnesty, their procedural implementation at the pre-trial and trial stages of the criminal process. In the future the use of such amnesties seems unviable, rather, the criminal law should be amended to make some sanctions in the Articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation more humane, and the legal practice should be corrected in order to avoid judicial mistakes.

Keywords: Amnesty, crime, sphere of economic activity, freeing, criminal responsibility, compensation of damage, principle of humanism, elements of a crime, rules of a game, “pre-ordered” cases.

Contact information: Hachatryan, Artur Kamovich, 117418, Russia, Moskva, ul. Nahimovskiy prospect, 47, korp.1.

References:
Petrukhin I. L. Prezumptsiya nevinovnosti – konstitutsionnyy printsip sovetskogo ugolovnogo protsessa. // Sovetskoe gosudar-stvo i pravo. 1978. ¹ 12. S. 18–26.
Osyak A. N. Institut amnistii v rossiyskom ugolovnom prave: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Rostov-n/D., 2006. 26 s.
Osmolovskaya N. V. Amnistiya i pomilovanie kak sredstva korrek-tirovaniya karatel'noy politiki gosudarstva: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Tyumen', 2006. 18 s.
Marogulova I. L. Zakonodatel'nye problemy amnistii i pomi-lovaniya // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. 1998. ¹ 1. S. 38–44.
Komol'tseva A. A., Ivashkina E. A. Institut amnistii: pravovaya priroda i problemy primeneniya v sovremennoy Rossii // Ugo-lovno-ispolnitel'naya sistema: pravo, ekonomika, upravlenie. 2012. ¹ 3. S. 22–25.
Kolokolov N. Vot tebe, predprinimatel', i Yur'ev den'... // EZh-Yurist. 2013. ¹ 33. S. 3.
Bekkaria Ch. O prestupleniyakh i nakazaniyakh. M., 1995. 303 s.
Vasil'eva I. A. Amnistiya i ee realizatsiya: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Omsk, 2003. 24 s.
Pochechueva O. S. Ob opredelenii vreda poterpevshim – yuridiche-skim litsam na predvaritel'nom sledstvii v svete «predprini-matel'skoy» amnistii // Advokat. 2013. ¹ 9. S. 5–9.
T. M. Sekretareva. K voprosu o vozmozhnosti ogranicheniya prava na amnistiyu. // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2010. – ¹ 9.
Protopopova N.I.. Nalogovaya amnistiya kak institut ekonomicheskoy politiki gosudarstva: rossiyskaya praktika // Nalogi i nalogooblozhenie. – 2008. – ¹ 3
Salkazanov A.E. Aktual'nye voprosy sovershenstvovaniya ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti za uklonenie ot uplaty nalogov i (ili) sborov s organizatsii v RF (st.199 UK RF) // Nalogi i nalogooblozhenie. - 2014. - 3. - C. 336 - 342. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8688.2014.3.11487.
Bukalerova L.A., Shel'menkova Ya.Yu. K voprosu ob osvobozhdenii
ot ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti
v svyazi s istecheniem srokov davnosti // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2013. - 9. - C. 910 - 916. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.9.8966.
Tokarchuk R.E. Obshchestvennaya opasnost' kak obshchiy printsip ugolovnogo prava i ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2012. - 1. - C. 126 - 142. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_51.html
Antonova E.Yu. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' korporativnogo (kollektivnogo) sub'ekta za korruptsionnye prestupleniya // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 3. - C. 192 - 220. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.3.568. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_568.html
Salkazanov A.E. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za uklonenie ot uplaty nalogov i (ili) sborov v Rossiyskoy Federatsii i zarubezhnykh stranakh na primere otvetstvennosti organizatsiy. // Nalogi i nalogooblozhenie. - 2013. - 11. - C. 852 - 859. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8688.2013.11.9961.
Kashkina E.V., Khandogina A.V. Administrativnyy nadzor za litsami, osvobozhdennymi iz mest lisheniya svobody: problemy pravoprimenitel'noy praktiki // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. - 2013. - 6. - C. 375 - 379. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1964.2013.6.10133.
Dolgikh I.P., Shebanov D.V. Ob optimizatsii ponyatiya "khishchenie" v rossiyskom zakonodatel'stve // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2014. - 5. - C. 23 - 37. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2014.5.11933. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_11933.html
M.O. Akopdzhanova Dispozitsii norm ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva
Rossii o nalogovykh prestupleniyakh:
voprosy razgranicheniya sostavov // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. - 2012. - 6. - C. 105 - 109.

References (transliteration):
Petrukhin I. L. Prezumptsiya nevinovnosti – konstitutsionnyy printsip sovetskogo ugolovnogo protsessa. // Sovetskoe gosudar-stvo i pravo. 1978. ¹ 12. S. 18–26.
Osyak A. N. Institut amnistii v rossiyskom ugolovnom prave: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Rostov-n/D., 2006. 26 s.
Osmolovskaya N. V. Amnistiya i pomilovanie kak sredstva korrek-tirovaniya karatel'noy politiki gosudarstva: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Tyumen', 2006. 18 s.
Marogulova I. L. Zakonodatel'nye problemy amnistii i pomi-lovaniya // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. 1998. ¹ 1. S. 38–44.
Komol'tseva A. A., Ivashkina E. A. Institut amnistii: pravovaya priroda i problemy primeneniya v sovremennoy Rossii // Ugo-lovno-ispolnitel'naya sistema: pravo, ekonomika, upravlenie. 2012. ¹ 3. S. 22–25.
Kolokolov N. Vot tebe, predprinimatel', i Yur'ev den'... // EZh-Yurist. 2013. ¹ 33. S. 3.
Bekkaria Ch. O prestupleniyakh i nakazaniyakh. M., 1995. 303 s.
Vasil'eva I. A. Amnistiya i ee realizatsiya: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Omsk, 2003. 24 s.
Pochechueva O. S. Ob opredelenii vreda poterpevshim – yuridiche-skim litsam na predvaritel'nom sledstvii v svete «predprini-matel'skoy» amnistii // Advokat. 2013. ¹ 9. S. 5–9.
T. M. Sekretareva. K voprosu o vozmozhnosti ogranicheniya prava na amnistiyu. // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2010. – ¹ 9.
Protopopova N.I.. Nalogovaya amnistiya kak institut ekonomicheskoy politiki gosudarstva: rossiyskaya praktika // Nalogi i nalogooblozhenie. – 2008. – ¹ 3
Salkazanov A.E. Aktual'nye voprosy sovershenstvovaniya ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti za uklonenie ot uplaty nalogov i (ili) sborov s organizatsii v RF (st.199 UK RF) // Nalogi i nalogooblozhenie. - 2014. - 3. - C. 336 - 342. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8688.2014.3.11487.
Bukalerova L.A., Shel'menkova Ya.Yu. K voprosu ob osvobozhdenii
ot ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti
v svyazi s istecheniem srokov davnosti // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2013. - 9. - C. 910 - 916. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.9.8966.
Tokarchuk R.E. Obshchestvennaya opasnost' kak obshchiy printsip ugolovnogo prava i ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2012. - 1. - C. 126 - 142. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_51.html
Antonova E.Yu. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' korporativnogo (kollektivnogo) sub'ekta za korruptsionnye prestupleniya // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 3. - C. 192 - 220. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.3.568. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_568.html
Salkazanov A.E. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za uklonenie ot uplaty nalogov i (ili) sborov v Rossiyskoy Federatsii i zarubezhnykh stranakh na primere otvetstvennosti organizatsiy. // Nalogi i nalogooblozhenie. - 2013. - 11. - C. 852 - 859. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8688.2013.11.9961.
Kashkina E.V., Khandogina A.V. Administrativnyy nadzor za litsami, osvobozhdennymi iz mest lisheniya svobody: problemy pravoprimenitel'noy praktiki // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. - 2013. - 6. - C. 375 - 379. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1964.2013.6.10133.
Dolgikh I.P., Shebanov D.V. Ob optimizatsii ponyatiya "khishchenie" v rossiyskom zakonodatel'stve // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2014. - 5. - C. 23 - 37. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2014.5.11933. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_11933.html
M.O. Akopdzhanova Dispozitsii norm ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva
Rossii o nalogovykh prestupleniyakh:
voprosy razgranicheniya sostavov // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. - 2012. - 6. - C. 105 - 109.

Review: The author studies the measures against the environmental offences committed by the people in the rural areas, as well as by the officials and heads of commercial and non-commercial organization with low level of legal conscience. The author pays attention to the high level of latent offences, as well as to the appearing difficulties in the activities of the law-enforcement bodies in revealing the guilty persons and entities and establishing the amount of damage caused by them. The difficulty concerns the lack of material and financial guarantees of public and non-governmental environmental activities, there is a lack of efficiency of control and supervision measures, there is no due mechanism for the participation of the general public in fighting environmental crime. The situation, dynamics, level of latent offences and other markers for the offences in the sphere of unlawful wood-cutting in the forests are analyzed by the author based upon official and scientific sources with the use of statistical data collected by the author. The positive moment in fighting unlawful wood-cutting may be the system of automatized reporting of timber and provision of forests. This system should include the information on all those involved in forest management and clear information on transportation of timber to the processing centers (including automobile transportation, amount and quality of timber, receiver and sender of goods, etc.).

Keywords: Nature management, latent character, responsibility, illegal wood-cutting, offences, forest, environment, timber, forest enterprises, crime.

Contact information: Poleschuk, Oksana Vladimirovna, 690091, Russia, Primorskiy krai, Vladivostok, ul. Habarovskaya, 4a, kv. 7.

References:
I. M. Matskevich, V. N. Orlov Tretiy mezhdunarodnyy kruglyy stol Soyuza kriminalistov i kriminologov po temam: «Problemy bor'by s prestupnost'yu v stranakh SNG», «Sovremennoe ugolovnoe zakonodatel'stvo: problemy, tendentsii i puti modernizatsii» (Respublika Kazakhstan, g. Astana, g. Almaty, 1–6 maya 2013 g.) // Soyuz kriminalistov i kriminologov.-2013.-1.-C. 19-21.
D.B. Savchishkin Administrativnaya otvetstvennost' kak sredstvo obespecheniya informatsionnoy bezopasnosti. // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.-2011.-6.-C. 55-63.
Volkov A.M., Lyutyagina E.A. Sudebnye sposoby razresheniya administrativnykh sporov v oblasti prirodopol'zovaniya // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.-2012.-7.-C. 81-88.
Kurakin A.V. Kompetentsiya politsii v sfere realizatsii zakonodatel'stva ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh // NB: Administrativnoe pravo i praktika administrirovaniya.-2013.-4.-C. 28-48. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9945.2013.4.8841. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/al/article_8841.html
Vasil'eva M.A. Kriminalisticheskaya kharakteristika i pervonachal'nyy etap rassledovaniya prestupleniy, svyazannykh s nezakonnoy rubkoy lesnykh nasazhdeniy (po materialam Dal'nevostochnogo regiona Rossii). Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk., M. 2014. S. 22.
Zhadan V. N. Aktual'nye voprosy kriminologicheskoy kharakteristiki ekologicheskikh prestupleniy // Molodoy uchenyy. 2013. ¹4. S. 387-393.
Sokolov N.A. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za nezakonnuyu rubku lesnykh nasazhdeniy : avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2007. S.
Zherebkin G.N. Otvetstvennost' za nezakonnuyu rubku lesnykh nasazhdeniy. Analiz nelegal'nykh rubok na Dal'nem vostoke i metodika ikh rassledovaniya: metodicheskoe posobie / G.N. Zherebkin. Vladivostok: WWF Rossii, «Apel'sin», 2011. S. 51.
Polevshchikova Yu.A., Akbarov O.M. Otsenka lesnogo pokrova Volzhskogo lesnichestva Respubliki Mariy El metodami distantsionnogo zondirovaniya // NB: Kibernetika i programmirovanie. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.59-65. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4196.2013.4.9333. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/kp/article_9333.html
Ipatov Yu.A., Krevetskiy A.V., Shmakin V.O. Proektirovanie raspredelennoy nazemnoy sistemy monitoringa za lesnymi pozharami // NB: Kibernetika i programmirovanie. — 2013.-¹ 2.-S.20-28. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4196.2013.2.8309. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/kp/article_8309.html
Averina K.N. Ekologicheskaya politika ES v oblasti okhrany lesov // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 3.-S.36-51. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.3.402. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_402.html
K. N. Averina. Osnovnye napravleniya mezhdunarodnoy politiki v sfere okhrany lesov // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 2

References (transliteration):
I. M. Matskevich, V. N. Orlov Tretiy mezhdunarodnyy kruglyy stol Soyuza kriminalistov i kriminologov po temam: «Problemy bor'by s prestupnost'yu v stranakh SNG», «Sovremennoe ugolovnoe zakonodatel'stvo: problemy, tendentsii i puti modernizatsii» (Respublika Kazakhstan, g. Astana, g. Almaty, 1–6 maya 2013 g.) // Soyuz kriminalistov i kriminologov.-2013.-1.-C. 19-21.
D.B. Savchishkin Administrativnaya otvetstvennost' kak sredstvo obespecheniya informatsionnoy bezopasnosti. // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.-2011.-6.-C. 55-63.
Volkov A.M., Lyutyagina E.A. Sudebnye sposoby razresheniya administrativnykh sporov v oblasti prirodopol'zovaniya // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.-2012.-7.-C. 81-88.
Kurakin A.V. Kompetentsiya politsii v sfere realizatsii zakonodatel'stva ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh // NB: Administrativnoe pravo i praktika administrirovaniya.-2013.-4.-C. 28-48. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9945.2013.4.8841. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/al/article_8841.html
Vasil'eva M.A. Kriminalisticheskaya kharakteristika i pervonachal'nyy etap rassledovaniya prestupleniy, svyazannykh s nezakonnoy rubkoy lesnykh nasazhdeniy (po materialam Dal'nevostochnogo regiona Rossii). Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk., M. 2014. S. 22.
Zhadan V. N. Aktual'nye voprosy kriminologicheskoy kharakteristiki ekologicheskikh prestupleniy // Molodoy uchenyy. 2013. ¹4. S. 387-393.
Sokolov N.A. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za nezakonnuyu rubku lesnykh nasazhdeniy : avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2007. S.
Zherebkin G.N. Otvetstvennost' za nezakonnuyu rubku lesnykh nasazhdeniy. Analiz nelegal'nykh rubok na Dal'nem vostoke i metodika ikh rassledovaniya: metodicheskoe posobie / G.N. Zherebkin. Vladivostok: WWF Rossii, «Apel'sin», 2011. S. 51.
Polevshchikova Yu.A., Akbarov O.M. Otsenka lesnogo pokrova Volzhskogo lesnichestva Respubliki Mariy El metodami distantsionnogo zondirovaniya // NB: Kibernetika i programmirovanie. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.59-65. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4196.2013.4.9333. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/kp/article_9333.html
Ipatov Yu.A., Krevetskiy A.V., Shmakin V.O. Proektirovanie raspredelennoy nazemnoy sistemy monitoringa za lesnymi pozharami // NB: Kibernetika i programmirovanie. — 2013.-¹ 2.-S.20-28. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4196.2013.2.8309. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/kp/article_8309.html
Averina K.N. Ekologicheskaya politika ES v oblasti okhrany lesov // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 3.-S.36-51. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.3.402. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_402.html
K. N. Averina. Osnovnye napravleniya mezhdunarodnoy politiki v sfere okhrany lesov // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2011. – ¹ 2

Review: This article provides for some aspects regarding implementation of the supervisory function by the Prosecutors within the context of the recently adopted Federal Law “On the Procedure for Serving Administrative Arrest”. The author notes that at the early stage of implementation of this legal act there were no sufficient guarantees in the by-laws, while the Prosecution – General of the Russian Federation could have facilitated this process. The author also voices the proposals for the need to amend the said law with the provisions specifying the mechanism for the implementation of prosecutor supervision in this sphere. The article provides analysis of the current legislation and conflicts of laws, complicating the legal relations in this sphere. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the fact that at the time, when the article was being prepared, there were no published article regarding the specific features of prosecutor supervision over the implementation of the Federal Law “On the Procedure for Serving Administrative Arrest”. The conclusions and propositions of the author have scientific novelty.

Keywords: Prosecutor, prosecutor competence, prosecutor bodies, prosecutor supervision, prosecutor control, implementation of the law, violation of the law, reaction acts, protest of the prosecutor, administrative arrest.

Contact information: Vinokurov, Aleksandr Yurievich, 117463, Russia, Moskva, pr-d. Karamzina, 1-1, kv. 355.

References:
Ryabtsev V.P. Uchastie prokurora v pravotvorcheskoy deyatel'nosti. V kn.: Prokurorskiy nadzor: uchebnik dlya vuzov / pod red. A.Ya. Sukhareva. 4-e izdanie. M.: NORMA, INFRA-M, 2011.
Chuev V.N. Kommentariy k Federal'nomu zakonu ot 26 aprelya 2013 g. ¹ 67-FZ "O poryadke otbyvaniya administrativnogo aresta" (postateynyy) // podgotovlen dlya sistemy "Konsul'tantPlyus"

References (transliteration):
Ryabtsev V.P. Uchastie prokurora v pravotvorcheskoy deyatel'nosti. V kn.: Prokurorskiy nadzor: uchebnik dlya vuzov / pod red. A.Ya. Sukhareva. 4-e izdanie. M.: NORMA, INFRA-M, 2011.
Chuev V.N. Kommentariy k Federal'nomu zakonu ot 26 aprelya 2013 g. ¹ 67-FZ "O poryadke otbyvaniya administrativnogo aresta" (postateynyy) // podgotovlen dlya sistemy "Konsul'tantPlyus"

Review: The article is devoted to the analysis of the issues of application in the judicial practice of the normative legal acts of federal government bodies, which were not officially registered and made public, since currently citizens, legal entities and public government bodies often fail to pay attention to legitimacy of some normative acts of federal executive bodies, especially those of the Soviet period, when protecting their rights in judicial instances. It becomes especially obvious in the sphere of administrative proceedings and proceedings regarding challenging the activities and decisions of the public government bodies. The author applies the general scientific methods of formal logical, formal legal, comparative and historical legal analysis. The author also involves a generally recognized definition apparatus of the theory of law and constitutional law. In the course of studies the author draws a conclusion that in violation of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation currently law-enforcement bodies and judicial bodies allow for the application of normative legal acts, which should not be applied due to the direct requirements of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and some normative legal acts regulating the issues of entry into force of the normative acts of federal executive bodies. The said factors significantly lower the level of constitutional protection of rights of participants of legal relations, which should be guaranteed by justice.

Keywords: Law, Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, courts, federal government bodies, law, normative legal act, judicial practice, sanitary-epidemiological legislation, Supreme Court.

References:
Kalinin G.I.. K voprosu ob organizatsii protivodeystviya terrorizmu i obespecheniya biologicheskoy bezopasnosti v sfere veterinarii. // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2013. – ¹ 11. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.11.9637
Kostennikov M.V., Kurakin A.V., Tregubova E.V. Konstitutsionnoe pravo na provedenie mirnykh sobraniy, mitingov, demonstratsiy, shestviy i piketirovaniya i administrativnaya otvetstvennost' kak sredstvo ego obespecheniya // NB: Administrativnoe pravo i praktika administrirovaniya. — 2013.-¹ 8.-S.82-105. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9945.2013.8.9955. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/al/article_9955.html
Shchuplenkov O.V., Shchuplenkov N.O. Konstitutsionnye osnovy informatsionnoy svobody v Rossii // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 10.-S.35-92. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.10.9617. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9617.html
Ageev V.N. Pravomernost' ogranicheniya prav i svobod gosudarstvennykh sluzhashchikh v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: pravovaya otsenka Konstitutsionnogo Suda // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.166-189. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.1.394. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_394.html
Razumov Yu.A. Nekotorye konstitutsionno-pravovoye osobennosti realizatsii norm mezhdunarodnogo prava v voennoy sfere v zarubezhnykh stranakh // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.171-183. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.684. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_684.html
Nikiforova A.V. Pravovye pozitsii organov konstitutsionnoy yustitsii po voprosam territorial'noy organizatsii mestnogo samoupravleniya // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2012.-¹ 1.-S.69-91. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2012.1.29. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_29.htm
Vakhrameev R.G. Mekhanizm pravovogo regulirovaniya konstitutsionnogo prava na informatsiyu // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 12. - C. 23 - 34. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.12.9854. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9854.html

References (transliteration):
Kalinin G.I.. K voprosu ob organizatsii protivodeystviya terrorizmu i obespecheniya biologicheskoy bezopasnosti v sfere veterinarii. // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2013. – ¹ 11. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.11.9637
Kostennikov M.V., Kurakin A.V., Tregubova E.V. Konstitutsionnoe pravo na provedenie mirnykh sobraniy, mitingov, demonstratsiy, shestviy i piketirovaniya i administrativnaya otvetstvennost' kak sredstvo ego obespecheniya // NB: Administrativnoe pravo i praktika administrirovaniya. — 2013.-¹ 8.-S.82-105. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9945.2013.8.9955. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/al/article_9955.html
Shchuplenkov O.V., Shchuplenkov N.O. Konstitutsionnye osnovy informatsionnoy svobody v Rossii // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 10.-S.35-92. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.10.9617. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9617.html
Ageev V.N. Pravomernost' ogranicheniya prav i svobod gosudarstvennykh sluzhashchikh v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: pravovaya otsenka Konstitutsionnogo Suda // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.166-189. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.1.394. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_394.html
Razumov Yu.A. Nekotorye konstitutsionno-pravovoye osobennosti realizatsii norm mezhdunarodnogo prava v voennoy sfere v zarubezhnykh stranakh // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.171-183. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.684. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_684.html
Nikiforova A.V. Pravovye pozitsii organov konstitutsionnoy yustitsii po voprosam territorial'noy organizatsii mestnogo samoupravleniya // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2012.-¹ 1.-S.69-91. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2012.1.29. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_29.htm
Vakhrameev R.G. Mekhanizm pravovogo regulirovaniya konstitutsionnogo prava na informatsiyu // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 12. - C. 23 - 34. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.12.9854. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9854.html

Review: The article contains analysis of legal approaches of Russia and Germany towards the issue of the need for approval of preliminary contract, providing for conclusion of the main contract, requiring consent (of organs of a legal entity, third parties, state and municipal bodies). It is noted that in Russia the range of deals requiring approval and necessary formulae is quite diverse. At the same time a preliminary contract is not directly included into the list of deals, which need to be approved. Both the doctrine and practice have ambiguous approaches towards application of requirements on approval for the main contract to a preliminary contract as well. At the same time the German scholars have attempted to find common rules for resolution of the relevant situation. Methodological basis for the article includes traditional scientific and specialized research methods – dialectic, formal logical, method of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison. An important accent is made upon the comparative legal method. As a result of the study the author concludes that developments of the German doctrine are not alien to the Russian reality, and they may be extrapolated onto the Russian soil: application of requirement on approval of a deal to a preliminary contract is viable when provision of a permission is due to the social goals (such as protection of persons with limited legal capability). In other cases the requirement of approval of the preliminary deal is not reasonable.

Keywords: Organs of a legal entity, agreement, approval, German law, Russian law, main contract, preliminary contract, third parties, state organs, distribution of property.

Contact information: Polyakova, Valentina Eduardovna, 101990, Russia, Moskva, ul. Myasnitskaya, 44/1.

References:
Moldovanov M.M. Analiz dogovora bankovskogo vklada kak instrumenta bor'by s mirovym finansovo-ekonomicheskim krizisom na primere ryada zarubezhnykh gosudarstv // NB: Finansovoe pravo i upravlenie. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.100-120. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4234.2013.1.569. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/flc/article_569.html
Goncharenko E.A. Osobennosti zaklyucheniya kreditnogo dogovora, ispolnenie kotorogo obespecheno ipotekoy // NB: Finansovoe pravo i upravlenie. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.37-43. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4234.2013.4.2227. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/flc/article_2227.html
Akhrameeva O.V. Opredelenie podsudnosti v delakh pri osparivanii obyazatel'stv po dogovoru, v kotorom ne opredeleno mesto ego ispolneniya // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 7.-S.168-176. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.7.8939. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_8939.html
Men'shenin P. A. Predvaritel'nyy dogovor v rossiyskom grazhdanskom prave. Dis. kand. yurid. nauk.-M., 2011.
Men'shenin P.A. Osobennosti sostava i predposylok deystvitel'nosti predvaritel'nogo dogovora // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava.-2011.-¹ 2.
Petrov D.A. Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie aspekty primeneniya norm o predvaritel'nom dogovore v kommercheskom oborote nedvizhimosti // Arbitrazhnye spory.-2009.-¹ 3.
Makeeva E. Sdelki s uslozhnennoy protseduroy zaklyucheniya: forma vs. soderzhanie Korporativnyy yurist.-2007.-¹ 1.
Kommentariy k Federal'nomu zakonu «O nesostoyatel'nosti (bankrotstve)» (postateynyy) / Pod red. V.F. Popondopulo. M., 2011.
Krasavchikov O.A. Grazhdanskie organizatsionno-pravovye otnosheniya // Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo. 1966. ¹ 10.
Vasil'ev A.B. Predvaritel'nyy dogovor v prave Rossii i SShA. Dis. kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2007.
Yu.V. Volokitina. Investitsionnye spory s uchastiem Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.02.12
O.K. German. Grazhdansko-pravovaya priroda dogovora ob uchastii v dolevom stroitel'stve // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.02.16
A.V. Zakupen'. Mesto kreditnogo dogovora v sisteme dogovornykh obyazatel'stv // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.02.15
Henrich D. Vorvertrag, Optionsvertrag, Vorrechtsvertrag. Eine dogmatisch-systematische Untersuchung der vertraglichen Bindungen vor und zu einem Vertragsschluss. (Beiträge zum ausländischen und internationalen Privatrecht).-Berlin, 1965.
Herzog N. Der Vorvertrag im schweizerischen und deutschen Schuldrecht.-Zuerich, 1999.
Staudinger J. Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch mit Einführungsgesetz und Nebengesetzen. – Berlin, 2010.
Wabnitz, B. Der Vorvertrag in rechtsgeschichte und rechtsvergleichender Betrachtung.-Muenster, 1962.
Polotovskaya E.Yu. Imushchestvo gosudarstvennykh (munitsipal'nykh) uchrezhdeniy: pravo operativnogo
upravleniya ili pravo sobstvennosti? // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2011. - 5. - C. 9 - 11.
Kireeva N.V. Tipologiya integratsionnykh svyazey // Politika i Obshchestvo. - 2014. - 2. - C. 176 - 182. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2014.2.9789.

References (transliteration):
Moldovanov M.M. Analiz dogovora bankovskogo vklada kak instrumenta bor'by s mirovym finansovo-ekonomicheskim krizisom na primere ryada zarubezhnykh gosudarstv // NB: Finansovoe pravo i upravlenie. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.100-120. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4234.2013.1.569. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/flc/article_569.html
Goncharenko E.A. Osobennosti zaklyucheniya kreditnogo dogovora, ispolnenie kotorogo obespecheno ipotekoy // NB: Finansovoe pravo i upravlenie. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.37-43. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4234.2013.4.2227. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/flc/article_2227.html
Akhrameeva O.V. Opredelenie podsudnosti v delakh pri osparivanii obyazatel'stv po dogovoru, v kotorom ne opredeleno mesto ego ispolneniya // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 7.-S.168-176. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.7.8939. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_8939.html
Men'shenin P. A. Predvaritel'nyy dogovor v rossiyskom grazhdanskom prave. Dis. kand. yurid. nauk.-M., 2011.
Men'shenin P.A. Osobennosti sostava i predposylok deystvitel'nosti predvaritel'nogo dogovora // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava.-2011.-¹ 2.
Petrov D.A. Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie aspekty primeneniya norm o predvaritel'nom dogovore v kommercheskom oborote nedvizhimosti // Arbitrazhnye spory.-2009.-¹ 3.
Makeeva E. Sdelki s uslozhnennoy protseduroy zaklyucheniya: forma vs. soderzhanie Korporativnyy yurist.-2007.-¹ 1.
Kommentariy k Federal'nomu zakonu «O nesostoyatel'nosti (bankrotstve)» (postateynyy) / Pod red. V.F. Popondopulo. M., 2011.
Krasavchikov O.A. Grazhdanskie organizatsionno-pravovye otnosheniya // Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo. 1966. ¹ 10.
Vasil'ev A.B. Predvaritel'nyy dogovor v prave Rossii i SShA. Dis. kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2007.
Yu.V. Volokitina. Investitsionnye spory s uchastiem Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.02.12
O.K. German. Grazhdansko-pravovaya priroda dogovora ob uchastii v dolevom stroitel'stve // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.02.16
A.V. Zakupen'. Mesto kreditnogo dogovora v sisteme dogovornykh obyazatel'stv // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.02.15
Henrich D. Vorvertrag, Optionsvertrag, Vorrechtsvertrag. Eine dogmatisch-systematische Untersuchung der vertraglichen Bindungen vor und zu einem Vertragsschluss. (Beiträge zum ausländischen und internationalen Privatrecht).-Berlin, 1965.
Herzog N. Der Vorvertrag im schweizerischen und deutschen Schuldrecht.-Zuerich, 1999.
Staudinger J. Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch mit Einführungsgesetz und Nebengesetzen. – Berlin, 2010.
Wabnitz, B. Der Vorvertrag in rechtsgeschichte und rechtsvergleichender Betrachtung.-Muenster, 1962.
Polotovskaya E.Yu. Imushchestvo gosudarstvennykh (munitsipal'nykh) uchrezhdeniy: pravo operativnogo
upravleniya ili pravo sobstvennosti? // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2011. - 5. - C. 9 - 11.
Kireeva N.V. Tipologiya integratsionnykh svyazey // Politika i Obshchestvo. - 2014. - 2. - C. 176 - 182. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2014.2.9789.

Review: The article is devoted to the topical issues of identification of suspects in the process of investigation and solving of crimes, as well as in investigative activities. Identifying a criminal is an element of the process of investigation, so the measures for his identification should be tactically and logically substantiated. The author states that identifying a criminal is based upon the analysis of the event of crime based upon the combination of circumstances and traces of a crime used in order to establish the external characteristics of a criminal. It is of foremost importance for the forensic identification of a suspect to gather and analyze various information on the suspect in order to identify him based on various characteristics, such as anatomic, general physical, functional elements. When writing the article the author used the methods and methodology of forensic identification of a person based on external characteristics. The methodological basis for the article was found in the classical works on forensic studies and criminal law, polling of the staff of the law-enforcement bodies on relevant issues. Additionally, the author studied scientific works and articles on general theory of forensic studies and forensic tactics. The scientific novelty is due to the fact that a number of theoretical provisions regarding identification of a criminal is being developed in forensic studies and other legal sciences. However, they are not sufficient for the needs of fighting crime at the current stage of society development. The method of description of appearance of a person with words is convenient for the purposes of its distribution among the police officials, since it does not require any special technical appliances. It is undoubted that high rate of results in the sphere of intercepting a criminal may be achieved when the appearance of a criminal is described correctly, since a non-systemic description of the appearance shall not have any positive results. It is undoubted that solving a crime in “hot pursuit” is one of most successful and efficient options.

Keywords: Personality of a criminal, identification, solving a crime, external appearance of a person, searching for a person, personal information, model of a suspect, photo-portrait, external elemtns of appearance, structure of characteristics of a human being.

Contact information: Fedyaev, Oleg Nikolaevich, 107996, Russia, Moskva, ul. Stromynka, 20.

References:
Arkhiv prokuratury Moskovskoy oblasti, 2013g.
Pichugin S.A. Sovremennye problemy kompleksnogo issledovaniya vneshnego oblika cheloveka v kriminalistike // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'.-2011.-5.-C. 59-61.
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Kabanov P.A. Kriminologicheskaya kontseptsiya lichnosti politicheskogo prestupnika // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki.-2013.-3.-C. 239-257. DOI: 13.7256/2305-9699.2013.3.584. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_584.html
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Khaziev Sh.N. Kriminalisticheskoe modelirovanie neizvestnogo prestupnika po ego sledam. Diss. kand.yurid. nauk. – M., 1983. S.25-27
Badikov K.N. Prakticheskaya napravlennost' psikhodermatoglificheskogo metoda v diagnostike kriminal'nogo povedeniya // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 10.-S.175-191. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.10.9771. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9771.html
Badikov K.N. Innovatsii psikhodermatoglifiki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 9.-S.69-80. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.9.9266. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9266.html
Kobets P.N.. O preduprezhdenii prestupleniy — kak slozhnom, mnogogrannom protsesse, obladayushchem opredelennymi priznakami tselostnosti // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. – 2011. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107.
Yarovenko V.V., Badikov K.N. K voprosu o psikhologicheskoy dermatoglifiki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 6.-S.351-364. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.6.757. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_757.html
Yarovenko V.V. Kriminalisticheskaya dermatoglifika: // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.351-372. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.4.587. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_587.html
Badikov K.N., Yarovenko V.V. Vozrastnye i nozologicheskie korrelyatsii stareniya pri provedenii psikhodermatoglificheskikh issledovaniy // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2012.-¹ 5.-S.196-217. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2012.5.368. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_368.html
Shadymov A.B. Diagnostika razrusheniya cherepa ot udarov i padeniy // NB: Rossiyskoe politseyskoe pravo. — 2014.-¹ 1.-S.9-19. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4218.2014.1.9947. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/pm/article_9947.htm
Pichugin S.A. Sovremennye problemy kompleksnogo issledovaniya vneshnego oblika cheloveka v kriminalistike // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. - 2011. - 5. - C. 59 - 61.
L.P. Bueva Identichnost' v sisteme
psikhologicheskogo znaniya // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2011. - 7. - C. 6 - 14.
Yatsenko V.I. Vliyanie defitsita vrozhdennykh dominant lichnosti na povedenie cheloveka // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 10. - C. 1 - 39. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0425.2013.10.10694. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_10694.html
Shchuplenkov N.O., Shchuplenkov O.V. Sub'ektnost' kak integral'naya psikho-filosofskaya kharakteristika cheloveka // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 9. - C. 51 - 82. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0425.2013.9.10671. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_10671.html
Kharitonov A.V. Obzor biometricheskikh metodov identifikatsii lichnosti // NB: Kibernetika i programmirovanie. - 2013. - 2. - C. 12 - 19. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4196.2013.2.8300. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/kp/article_8300.html
Badikov K.N. Psikhodermatoglificheskiy profil' "seriynykh" ubiyts // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 5. - C. 247 - 267. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.5.505. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_505.html
Pichugin S.A. Nauchnye predposylki
ispol'zovaniya antropologicheskogo podkhoda
v ramkakh postroeniya informativnoy
sub'ektivnoy modeli vneshnego
oblika cheloveka dlya tseley rozyska
i ustanovleniya lichnosti. // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. - 2011. - 3. - C. 47 - 51.

References (transliteration):
Arkhiv prokuratury Moskovskoy oblasti, 2013g.
Pichugin S.A. Sovremennye problemy kompleksnogo issledovaniya vneshnego oblika cheloveka v kriminalistike // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'.-2011.-5.-C. 59-61.
I.M. Matskevich Lichnost' prestupnogo tipa (nematematicheskoe regulirovanie) // LEX RUSSICA (RUSSKIY ZAKON).-2013.-5.-C. 509-520.
Kabanov P.A. Kriminologicheskaya kontseptsiya lichnosti politicheskogo prestupnika // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki.-2013.-3.-C. 239-257. DOI: 13.7256/2305-9699.2013.3.584. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_584.html
Zinin A.M. Kompleksnoe izuchenie lichnosti kak osnova protsessa ee ustanovleniya // Materialy vserossiyskoy mezhvedomstvennoy nauch.-prakt. konf.: Chelovek kak istochnik kriminalisticheski znachimoy informatsii: v 2ch. – Saratov, 2002. Ch.1, S.24-27
Obraztsov V.A. Kriminalistika, M., 1997, S.296
Snetkov V.A. Problema kriminalisticheskogo ustanovleniya lichnosti // Trudy EKTs MVD RF, M., 1993
Aver'yanova T.V., Belkin R.S., Kozhukhov Yu.G., Rossiyskaya E.R. Kriminalistika: Uchebnik dlya vuzov / Pod red. R.S. Belkina. – M.: NORMA, 2001, S.109
Aver'yanova T.V., Belkin R.S., Kozhukhov Yu.G., Rossiyskaya E.R. Kriminalistika: Uchebnik dlya vuzov / Pod red. R.S. Belkina. – M.: NORMA, 2001, S.138
Osmanov T.Yu. Primenenie metoda slovesnogo portreta v sledstvennoy i operativno-rozysknoy deyatel'nosti. Diss. ..kand.yurid.nauk, Moskva.2000
Elektronnyy resurs: http://mvd.ru/Deljatelnost/statistics/reports
Khaziev Sh.N. Kriminalisticheskoe modelirovanie neizvestnogo prestupnika po ego sledam. Diss. kand.yurid. nauk. – M., 1983. S.25-27
Badikov K.N. Prakticheskaya napravlennost' psikhodermatoglificheskogo metoda v diagnostike kriminal'nogo povedeniya // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 10.-S.175-191. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.10.9771. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9771.html
Badikov K.N. Innovatsii psikhodermatoglifiki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 9.-S.69-80. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.9.9266. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9266.html
Kobets P.N.. O preduprezhdenii prestupleniy — kak slozhnom, mnogogrannom protsesse, obladayushchem opredelennymi priznakami tselostnosti // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. – 2011. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107.
Yarovenko V.V., Badikov K.N. K voprosu o psikhologicheskoy dermatoglifiki // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 6.-S.351-364. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.6.757. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_757.html
Yarovenko V.V. Kriminalisticheskaya dermatoglifika: // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 4.-S.351-372. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.4.587. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_587.html
Badikov K.N., Yarovenko V.V. Vozrastnye i nozologicheskie korrelyatsii stareniya pri provedenii psikhodermatoglificheskikh issledovaniy // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2012.-¹ 5.-S.196-217. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2012.5.368. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_368.html
Shadymov A.B. Diagnostika razrusheniya cherepa ot udarov i padeniy // NB: Rossiyskoe politseyskoe pravo. — 2014.-¹ 1.-S.9-19. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4218.2014.1.9947. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/pm/article_9947.htm
Pichugin S.A. Sovremennye problemy kompleksnogo issledovaniya vneshnego oblika cheloveka v kriminalistike // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. - 2011. - 5. - C. 59 - 61.
L.P. Bueva Identichnost' v sisteme
psikhologicheskogo znaniya // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2011. - 7. - C. 6 - 14.
Yatsenko V.I. Vliyanie defitsita vrozhdennykh dominant lichnosti na povedenie cheloveka // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 10. - C. 1 - 39. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0425.2013.10.10694. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_10694.html
Shchuplenkov N.O., Shchuplenkov O.V. Sub'ektnost' kak integral'naya psikho-filosofskaya kharakteristika cheloveka // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 9. - C. 51 - 82. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0425.2013.9.10671. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_10671.html
Kharitonov A.V. Obzor biometricheskikh metodov identifikatsii lichnosti // NB: Kibernetika i programmirovanie. - 2013. - 2. - C. 12 - 19. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4196.2013.2.8300. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/kp/article_8300.html
Badikov K.N. Psikhodermatoglificheskiy profil' "seriynykh" ubiyts // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 5. - C. 247 - 267. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.5.505. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_505.html
Pichugin S.A. Nauchnye predposylki
ispol'zovaniya antropologicheskogo podkhoda
v ramkakh postroeniya informativnoy
sub'ektivnoy modeli vneshnego
oblika cheloveka dlya tseley rozyska
i ustanovleniya lichnosti. // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. - 2011. - 3. - C. 47 - 51.

Review: The article concerns the issues of responsibility of one-person and collegiate managing bodies of a legal entity through the prism of the Decree of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of July 30, 2013 N. 62 “On some issues regarding compensation of damage by the persons holding positions in the bodies of a legal entity”, as well as the role of the legal category of interest of a legal entity, being key in the corporate disputes. The authors provide characteristics of piercing the corporate veil, its elements and grounds for bringing the managing persons to responsibility, as well as the balance of interests of majority and minority shareholders and means of protection of the assets of a legal entity in cases of conflict of interests. The article includes analysis of the practice of the civil law responsibility of the members of the managing bodies of a legal entity taking into consideration the Decree of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of July 30, 2013 N. 62 “On some issues regarding compensation of damage by the persons holding positions in the bodies of a legal entity”, establishing the legal targets when defining the balance of interests of shareholders and managing bodies of a legal entity. In the opinion of the authors the legal basis for the application of doctrine for piercing the corporate veil in Russia should be the norm of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on abuse of a right. Abroad good faith is understood as an obligation of the parties to cooperate in order to achieve some common result of the economic deal. Such a non-legal declaration should still be reflected in the specific obligations, as provided by law (for example, to avoid influence upon the will of the parties, etc.). At the same time, the courts need clear directions regarding what needs to be proven in such cases.

Keywords: interest, balance of interests, legal entities, shareholders, fiction, legal relations, legal practice, corporate veil, responsibility, losses.

References:
Kurbatov A. Ya. Printsip nedopustimosti zloupotrebleniya pravom: k starym problemam dobavilis' novye // Zakon. 2013. ¹ 9. S. 36-37. starym problemam dobavilis' novye // Zakon. 2013. ¹ 9. S. 36-37.
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnyy kommercheskiy arbitrazh: pravovye osnovy funktsionirovaniya // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.1-74. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.545. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_545.html
Martynenko S. M. Vzyskanie ubytkov s direktora kompanii. VAS RF uvelichil shansy kreditorov na pobedu // Arbitrazhnaya praktika. 2013. ¹ 10. S. 60-66.
Vasil'eva N., Peregudov I., Tay Yu. Narushenie korporativnykh protsedur kak osnovanie nastupleniya otvetstvennosti aktsionernogo obshchestva i mazhoritarnogo aktsionera // Korporativnyy yurist. 2008. ¹ 11. S. 146-149.
Molotnikov A. E. Problemy vzaimodeystviya i pravovogo regulirovaniya kontroliruyushchikh, krupnykh i minoritarnykh aktsionerov v Rossii // Predprinimatel'skoe pravo. 2009. ¹ 1. S. 2-4.
Savinykh V. A. Subsidiarnaya otvetstvennost': ekonomicheskoe soderzhanie i pravovaya sushchnost' // Vestnik Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2012. ¹ 12. S. 67.
Zhukova T. V. Sdelka zaklyuchena podkontrol'nym obshchestvom. Kak ustanovit' kontroliruyushchee litso // Arbitrazhnaya praktika. 2013. ¹ 4. S. 75-77.
Lomakin D. V. Kontseptsiya snyatiya korporativnogo pokrova: realizatsiya ee osnovnykh polozheniy v deystvuyushchem zakonodatel'stve i proekte izmeneniy Grazhdanskogo kodeksa RF // Vestnik Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2012. ¹ 9. S. 18.
Osipenko O. V. Deyatel'nost' docherney kompanii. Kak privlech' osnovnoe obshchestvo k solidarnoy otvetstvennosti // Arbitrazhnaya praktika. 2013. ¹ 4. S. 68-73.
Rayzberg V. A., Lozovskiy L. Sh. Slovar' sovremennykh ekonomicheskikh terminov // M.: Ayris-press, 2008. S. 133.
Garmaev A. G., Abtseshko N. V. Litso, kontroliruyushchee kompaniyu. Kak ego privlech' k otvetstvennosti // Arbitrazhnaya praktika. 2013. ¹ 3. S. 22-23.
Budylin S. V., Ivanets Yu.L. Doktrina snyatiya korporativnoy vuali v zarubezhnykh stranakh i Rossii // Vestnik Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda RF. 2013. ¹7. S. 80-125.
Sychev P. G. Institut sryvaniya korporativnoy vuali: vozmozhnost' primeneniya v rossiyskom sudoproizvodstve // Predprinimatel'skoe pravo. 2013. ¹ 3. S. 21-26.
Shitkina I. S. Grazhdansko-pravovaya otvetstvennost' chlenov organov upravleniya i kontroliruyushchikh lits: realii pravoprimenitel'noy praktiki i tendentsii razvitiya zakonodatel'stva // Predprinimatel'skoe pravo. 2013. ¹ 3. S. 14-26.
Yastrebov O. A. Teorii o yuridicheskikh litsakh // Yuridicheskiy mir. 2010. ¹ 5. S. 48-52.
Shitkina I. S. Grazhdansko-pravovaya otvetstvennost' chlenov organov upravleniya khozyaystvennykh obshchestv: klassicheskaya doktrina i sovremennye tendentsii pravoprimeneniya // Khozyaystvo i pravo. 2013. ¹ 3. S. 4-5.
Man'kovskiy I. A. Teorii sushchnosti yuridicheskogo litsa: istoriya razvitiya i sovremennye nauchnye podkhody // Rossiyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. 2010. ¹ 4. S. 117-126.
Yavorskaya Yu. V. Yuridicheskie litsa: zakonodatel'nye novatsii teorii i sudebnoy praktiki v sovremennoy Rossii // Rossiyskiy sud'ya. 2010. ¹ 3. S. 11-16.
Ksenofontov K.E.. Dopustimost' ekspropriatsii sobstvennosti inostrannogo investora prinimayushchim gosudarstvom // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 323-329. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.9706.
N.S. Kiselev. Preventivnaya zashchita ot reyderskikh atak // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 171-178. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.01.18.
Yu. P. Yur'eva. Korporativnye konflikty v rossiyskikh aktsionernykh obshchestvakh. // Pravo i politika. – 2006. – ¹ 8.
K. M. Belikova. Nekotorye problemy zashchity prav aktsionerov v «gruppakh predpriyatiy» v stranakh Latinskoy Ameriki // Pravo i politika. – 2011. – ¹ 11. – S. 1947-1955.
Akhrameeva O.V. Neochevidnye prepyatstviya v dostizhenii tseley ispol'zovaniya obespechitel'nykh mer // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 12.-S.95-113. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.12.10330. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_10330.html

References (transliteration):
Kurbatov A. Ya. Printsip nedopustimosti zloupotrebleniya pravom: k starym problemam dobavilis' novye // Zakon. 2013. ¹ 9. S. 36-37. starym problemam dobavilis' novye // Zakon. 2013. ¹ 9. S. 36-37.
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnyy kommercheskiy arbitrazh: pravovye osnovy funktsionirovaniya // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2013.-¹ 1.-S.1-74. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2013.1.545. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_545.html
Martynenko S. M. Vzyskanie ubytkov s direktora kompanii. VAS RF uvelichil shansy kreditorov na pobedu // Arbitrazhnaya praktika. 2013. ¹ 10. S. 60-66.
Vasil'eva N., Peregudov I., Tay Yu. Narushenie korporativnykh protsedur kak osnovanie nastupleniya otvetstvennosti aktsionernogo obshchestva i mazhoritarnogo aktsionera // Korporativnyy yurist. 2008. ¹ 11. S. 146-149.
Molotnikov A. E. Problemy vzaimodeystviya i pravovogo regulirovaniya kontroliruyushchikh, krupnykh i minoritarnykh aktsionerov v Rossii // Predprinimatel'skoe pravo. 2009. ¹ 1. S. 2-4.
Savinykh V. A. Subsidiarnaya otvetstvennost': ekonomicheskoe soderzhanie i pravovaya sushchnost' // Vestnik Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2012. ¹ 12. S. 67.
Zhukova T. V. Sdelka zaklyuchena podkontrol'nym obshchestvom. Kak ustanovit' kontroliruyushchee litso // Arbitrazhnaya praktika. 2013. ¹ 4. S. 75-77.
Lomakin D. V. Kontseptsiya snyatiya korporativnogo pokrova: realizatsiya ee osnovnykh polozheniy v deystvuyushchem zakonodatel'stve i proekte izmeneniy Grazhdanskogo kodeksa RF // Vestnik Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2012. ¹ 9. S. 18.
Osipenko O. V. Deyatel'nost' docherney kompanii. Kak privlech' osnovnoe obshchestvo k solidarnoy otvetstvennosti // Arbitrazhnaya praktika. 2013. ¹ 4. S. 68-73.
Rayzberg V. A., Lozovskiy L. Sh. Slovar' sovremennykh ekonomicheskikh terminov // M.: Ayris-press, 2008. S. 133.
Garmaev A. G., Abtseshko N. V. Litso, kontroliruyushchee kompaniyu. Kak ego privlech' k otvetstvennosti // Arbitrazhnaya praktika. 2013. ¹ 3. S. 22-23.
Budylin S. V., Ivanets Yu.L. Doktrina snyatiya korporativnoy vuali v zarubezhnykh stranakh i Rossii // Vestnik Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda RF. 2013. ¹7. S. 80-125.
Sychev P. G. Institut sryvaniya korporativnoy vuali: vozmozhnost' primeneniya v rossiyskom sudoproizvodstve // Predprinimatel'skoe pravo. 2013. ¹ 3. S. 21-26.
Shitkina I. S. Grazhdansko-pravovaya otvetstvennost' chlenov organov upravleniya i kontroliruyushchikh lits: realii pravoprimenitel'noy praktiki i tendentsii razvitiya zakonodatel'stva // Predprinimatel'skoe pravo. 2013. ¹ 3. S. 14-26.
Yastrebov O. A. Teorii o yuridicheskikh litsakh // Yuridicheskiy mir. 2010. ¹ 5. S. 48-52.
Shitkina I. S. Grazhdansko-pravovaya otvetstvennost' chlenov organov upravleniya khozyaystvennykh obshchestv: klassicheskaya doktrina i sovremennye tendentsii pravoprimeneniya // Khozyaystvo i pravo. 2013. ¹ 3. S. 4-5.
Man'kovskiy I. A. Teorii sushchnosti yuridicheskogo litsa: istoriya razvitiya i sovremennye nauchnye podkhody // Rossiyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. 2010. ¹ 4. S. 117-126.
Yavorskaya Yu. V. Yuridicheskie litsa: zakonodatel'nye novatsii teorii i sudebnoy praktiki v sovremennoy Rossii // Rossiyskiy sud'ya. 2010. ¹ 3. S. 11-16.
Ksenofontov K.E.. Dopustimost' ekspropriatsii sobstvennosti inostrannogo investora prinimayushchim gosudarstvom // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 323-329. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.3.9706.
N.S. Kiselev. Preventivnaya zashchita ot reyderskikh atak // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 171-178. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.01.18.
Yu. P. Yur'eva. Korporativnye konflikty v rossiyskikh aktsionernykh obshchestvakh. // Pravo i politika. – 2006. – ¹ 8.
K. M. Belikova. Nekotorye problemy zashchity prav aktsionerov v «gruppakh predpriyatiy» v stranakh Latinskoy Ameriki // Pravo i politika. – 2011. – ¹ 11. – S. 1947-1955.
Akhrameeva O.V. Neochevidnye prepyatstviya v dostizhenii tseley ispol'zovaniya obespechitel'nykh mer // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2013.-¹ 12.-S.95-113. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.12.10330. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_10330.html

Review: The author studies the problems of illegal takeover of transportation vehicles (hijacking) taking into account the quality and quantity changes. It is established that one of the quality changes is hijacking of a transportation vehicle with its subsequent return to a victim for the monetary compensation. The legal evaluation of the acts of suspects by law-enforcement bodies is usually provides for hijacking, even if there is evidence of theft. The author provides analysis of the practice of illegal takeover of cars or other transportation vehicles in various regions of the Russian Federation, providing for elements of crimes necessary for initiation of a criminal case on car theft. However, immediate examination actions included repeated interrogation of a victim and a suspect in order to examine the fact of hijacking. The evaluation of the public danger of car hijacking by the legislator is not sufficiently consistent and unambiguous. Applicatio of Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation causes practical difficulties due to the lack of clarity in definitions, single-valued interpretation of acts, object, immediate object and moment of completion of this type of crime. All of the above causes difficulties in proving the unlawful takeover of a transportation vehicle with no purpose as to its theft. The norm on hijacking of auto-transportation vehicles with no purpose as to theft is aimed to protect the interests of people in the sphere of road transportation security (automobiles being sources of aggravated danger), which is still a problem. The investigative practice does not reflect the modern reality, when there is no theft of transportation vehicles, but there is hijacking with subsequent return of the car to a victim for a large sum of money. We consider that this crime should be excluded from the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: transportation vehicle, hijacking, takeover, theft, destruction, harm, inquiry, investigation, evidence, compensation.

References:
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Motin V.V.. Problemy obespecheniya transportnoy bezopasnosti v usloviyakh razvitiya informatsionnykh tekhnologiy // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2012. – ¹
Pan'shin D.. Nekotorye aspekty sovershenstvovaniya pravoprimenitel'noy deyatel'nosti GIBDD MVD Rossii pri fiksatsii administrativnykh pravonarusheniy tekhnicheskimi sredstvami foto-, kinos'emki i videozapisi. // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2013. – ¹ 11. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.11.8860.
Plokhova V. Ugon transportnykh sredstv kvalifitsirovat' kak khishchenie imushchestva // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 2003. ¹11.
Uzdenov A. Osnovnye napravleniya sovershenstvovaniya reglamentatsii ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti za ugon transportnykh sredstv // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. 2007. ¹24.
Nagaev E. Ugon i krazha avtotransporta: voprosy razgranicheniya sostavov prestupleniy // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 2004. ¹1.
Otkaznoy material dopolnitel'noy proverki po zayavleniyu gr. P. (KUSP ¹ 824 ot 13.02. 2012 g.) g. Partizansk.
Bratenkov S.I., Shirokov V.A. Narushenie pravil dorozhnogo dvizheniya i ekspluatatsii transportnykh sredstv, nepravomernoe zavladenie avtomobilem ili transportnym sredstvom: kriminologicheskiy analiz i sudebnaya praktika // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 2008. ¹ 9.
– S. 104-107. 9. O. V. Korneeva. Deliktnaya otvetstvennost' vladel'tsev transportnykh sredstv v usloviyakh ee obyazatel'nogo strakhovaniya: funktsional'nyy aspekt. // Pravo i politika. – 2011. – ¹ 2.
Boreyko Yu.A.. Formirovanie sistemy ucheta administrativnykh pravonarusheniy v oblasti dorozhnogo dvizheniya. // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. – 2011. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107.
Annenkov A.Yu., Shurukhnov N.G.. Arest tovarov, transportnykh sredstv i inykh veshchey – kak mera obespecheniya proizvodstva po delam ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2010. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107
Bakradze A.A. Problemy kvalifikatsii khishcheniya kak material'nogo sostava // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 4. - C. 56 - 65. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.4.609. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_609.html
Androshchuk V.V. Stat'ya o vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniya v rossiyskikh usloviyakh opyta i rekomendatsiy ob'edineniy zarubezhnykh revizorov po protivodeystviyu moshennichestvu i khishcheniyam // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'. - 2013. - 4. - C. 1 - 18. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0417.2013.4.8905. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_8905.html

References (transliteration):
Kostennikov M.V., Trofimov O.E.. Pravovoe regulirovanie transportnoy bezopasnosti i rol' politsii v ee obespechenii // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1964.2013.4.9437.
Motin V.V.. Problemy obespecheniya transportnoy bezopasnosti v usloviyakh razvitiya informatsionnykh tekhnologiy // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2012. – ¹
Pan'shin D.. Nekotorye aspekty sovershenstvovaniya pravoprimenitel'noy deyatel'nosti GIBDD MVD Rossii pri fiksatsii administrativnykh pravonarusheniy tekhnicheskimi sredstvami foto-, kinos'emki i videozapisi. // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2013. – ¹ 11. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.11.8860.
Plokhova V. Ugon transportnykh sredstv kvalifitsirovat' kak khishchenie imushchestva // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 2003. ¹11.
Uzdenov A. Osnovnye napravleniya sovershenstvovaniya reglamentatsii ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti za ugon transportnykh sredstv // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. 2007. ¹24.
Nagaev E. Ugon i krazha avtotransporta: voprosy razgranicheniya sostavov prestupleniy // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 2004. ¹1.
Otkaznoy material dopolnitel'noy proverki po zayavleniyu gr. P. (KUSP ¹ 824 ot 13.02. 2012 g.) g. Partizansk.
Bratenkov S.I., Shirokov V.A. Narushenie pravil dorozhnogo dvizheniya i ekspluatatsii transportnykh sredstv, nepravomernoe zavladenie avtomobilem ili transportnym sredstvom: kriminologicheskiy analiz i sudebnaya praktika // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 2008. ¹ 9.
– S. 104-107. 9. O. V. Korneeva. Deliktnaya otvetstvennost' vladel'tsev transportnykh sredstv v usloviyakh ee obyazatel'nogo strakhovaniya: funktsional'nyy aspekt. // Pravo i politika. – 2011. – ¹ 2.
Boreyko Yu.A.. Formirovanie sistemy ucheta administrativnykh pravonarusheniy v oblasti dorozhnogo dvizheniya. // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. – 2011. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107.
Annenkov A.Yu., Shurukhnov N.G.. Arest tovarov, transportnykh sredstv i inykh veshchey – kak mera obespecheniya proizvodstva po delam ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2010. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107
Bakradze A.A. Problemy kvalifikatsii khishcheniya kak material'nogo sostava // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 4. - C. 56 - 65. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.4.609. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_609.html
Androshchuk V.V. Stat'ya o vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniya v rossiyskikh usloviyakh opyta i rekomendatsiy ob'edineniy zarubezhnykh revizorov po protivodeystviyu moshennichestvu i khishcheniyam // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'. - 2013. - 4. - C. 1 - 18. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0417.2013.4.8905. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_8905.html

Review: The article is devoted to the issue of defining the event for which contractual liability is ensured. In respect to the insurance of contractual liability such an event is liability of an ensured party, being a debtor in a civil law contract due to failure to perform or undue performance under such a contract. The issue of the amount of such responsibility is topical. Also, there is an unsolved problem regarding possibility of insurance of protective, self-protective and operative influence measures in addition to the civil law responsibility. When writing this article the author used general scientific methods, such as systemic, logical, dialectic ones, as well as legal scientific methods, such as formal logical, comparative legal and legal modeling method. As a result of the analysis of the above-mentioned issues the author comes to a conclusion that the event for which insurance of contractual liability is done is liability of an ensured person towards his counteragent on civil law contact for the failure to perform or undue performance of its conditions in full amount according to the contract and the law, compensation of the losses, fines, use-of-money interest rate, as well as other costs of the counteragent of an ensured person, which have appeared due to the violation of the contract by an ensured person.

Keywords: Insurance of contractual responsibility, event, insurance risk, violation of contact, civil law responsibility, amount of responsibility, measures of responsibility, measures of protection, self-protection measures, operative influence measures.

Contact information: Nozhkina, Alena Aleksandrovna, 123995, Russian Federation, Moscow, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya, 9.

References:
Serebrovskiy V.I. Izbrannye trudy po nasledstvennomu i strakhovomu pravu. Izd. 2-e, ispr. M.: «Statut», 2003.
Puginskiy B.I. Grazhdansko-pravovye sredstva v khozyaystvennoy deyatel'nosti.
Pylov K.I. Pochemu strakhovanie riska otvetstvennosti za narushenie dogovora vozmozhno tol'ko v sluchayakh, predusmotrennykh zakonom? // Normativnoe regulirovanie strakhovoy deyatel'nosti. Dokumenty i kommentarii. 2007 ¹1.
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Karkhalev D.N. Sootnoshenie mer zashchity i mer otvetstvennosti v grazhdanskom prave: Dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Ekaterinburg, 2003.
Karapetov A.G. Rastorzhenie narushennogo dogovora v rossiyskom i zarubezhnom prave // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.
Ioffe O.S. Obyazatel'stvennoe pravo.
Karapetov A.G. Neustoyka kak sredstvo zashchity prav kreditora v rossiyskom i zarubezhnom prave. M.: Statut, 2005 // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.
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Grazhdanskoe pravo: Uchebnik. Ch. 1 / Pod red. Yu.K. Tolstogo, A.P. Sergeeva. M., 1996.
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Sovetskoe grazhdanskoe pravo. T. 1 / Pod red. O.A. Krasavchikova. M.: Vysshaya shkola.
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Konokhov M.V.. Institut obyazatel'nogo gosudarstvennogo strakhovaniya zhizni i zdorov'ya voennosluzhashchikh v konstitutsionno-pravovom prostranstve Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Pravo i politika. – 2014. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.2.7241.
O. V. Korneeva. Deliktnaya otvetstvennost' vladel'tsev transportnykh sredstv v usloviyakh ee obyazatel'nogo strakhovaniya: funktsional'nyy aspekt. // Pravo i politika. – 2011. – ¹ 2.
I.L. Trunov, Ayvar L.K.. Vrachebnaya otvetstvennost' i bezotvetstvennost'. // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2009. – ¹ 3.
I.L. Trunov, L.K. Ayvar. Vrachebnaya otvetstvennost', bezotvetstvennost'. // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2009. – ¹ 6.
I.L. Trunov. Sovremennoe strakhovanie zhizni aviapassazhira. // Pravo i politika. – 2008. – ¹ 9. Vasyanina E.L.. Nekotorye problemy pravovogo regulirovaniya zacheta (vozvrata) izlishne vzyskannykh, izlishne uplachennykh strakhovykh vznosov na obyazatel'noe pensionnoe strakhovanie // Nalogi i nalogooblozhenie. – 2008. – ¹ 7.
R.I. Kayumov. Strakhovanie kommercheskikh riskov v Rossii // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2008. – ¹ 3.
K. D. Isho. Sravnitel'naya kharakteristika zakonodatel'stva ob obyazatel'nom strakhovanii grazhdanskoy otvetstvennosti vladel'tsev transportnykh sredstv v zarubezhnykh stranakh. // Pravo i politika. – 2007. – ¹ 6.
V. V. Strel'nikov. Finansovo-pravovoe regulirovanie strakhovaniya i predmet finansovogo prava. // Pravo i politika. – 2005. – ¹ 2

References (transliteration):
Serebrovskiy V.I. Izbrannye trudy po nasledstvennomu i strakhovomu pravu. Izd. 2-e, ispr. M.: «Statut», 2003.
Puginskiy B.I. Grazhdansko-pravovye sredstva v khozyaystvennoy deyatel'nosti.
Pylov K.I. Pochemu strakhovanie riska otvetstvennosti za narushenie dogovora vozmozhno tol'ko v sluchayakh, predusmotrennykh zakonom? // Normativnoe regulirovanie strakhovoy deyatel'nosti. Dokumenty i kommentarii. 2007 ¹1.
Protasov V.N. Teoriya prava i gosudarstva. Problemy teorii prava i gosudarstva. M., 1999.
Krasavchikov O.A. Otvetstvennost', mery zashchity i sanktsii v sovetskom grazhdanskom prave // Sbornik uchenykh trudov. Vyp. 27. Sverdlovsk, 1973.
Kozinov A.E. Sushchestvennye usloviya dogovora strakhovaniya grazhdanskoy otvetstvennosti po rossiyskomu zakonodatel'stvu: Dis. … k.yu.n.: 12.00.03. M., 2011.
Karkhalev D.N. Razvitie zakonodatel'stva o zashchite grazhdanskikh prav i okhranitel'nykh pravootnosheniyakh // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 2011. N 1 // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.
Karkhalev D.N. Sootnoshenie mer zashchity i mer otvetstvennosti v grazhdanskom prave: Dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Ekaterinburg, 2003.
Karapetov A.G. Rastorzhenie narushennogo dogovora v rossiyskom i zarubezhnom prave // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.
Ioffe O.S. Obyazatel'stvennoe pravo.
Karapetov A.G. Neustoyka kak sredstvo zashchity prav kreditora v rossiyskom i zarubezhnom prave. M.: Statut, 2005 // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.
Dedikov S.V. Osnovnye problemy strakhovaniya otvetstvennosti po dogovoru // Tsivilist. 2010. N 2. SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
Gruzdev V.V. Grazhdansko-pravovaya zashchita odnostoronnimi deystviyami upravomochennogo litsa // Zakony Rossii: opyt, analiz, praktika. 2011. N 7 // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.
Grazhdanskoe pravo: Uchebnik. Ch. 1 / Pod red. Yu.K. Tolstogo, A.P. Sergeeva. M., 1996.
Vedyakhin V.M. Mery zashchity kak pravovaya kategoriya // Pravo i politika, 2005, ¹5 // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.
Gavrilov E. Otvetstvennost' za neispolnenie denezhnogo obyazatel'stva // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 1997. N 11.
Brodt I. Nekotorye problemy vybora strakhovykh riskov pri strakhovanii grazhdanskoy otvetstvennosti lits, osushchestvlyayushchikh svoyu deyatel'nost' po dogovoram s klientami // Strakhovoe pravo. 1998, ¹2.
Braginskiy M.I., Vitryanskiy V.V. Dogovornoe pravo. Obshchie polozheniya. 3-e izd., stereotipnoe. M.: Statut, 2001. Kn. 1.
Andreev Yu.N. Imushchestvennoe strakhovanie: teoriya i sudebnaya praktika. M., 2008.
Sovetskoe grazhdanskoe pravo. T. 1 / Pod red. O.A. Krasavchikova. M.: Vysshaya shkola.
Stoyakin G.N. Mery zashchity v sovetskom grazhdanskom prave: Avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Sverdlovsk, 1973.
Strauning E.L. Samozashchita grazhdanskikh prav: Dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Moskva, 1999.
Taradonov S.V. Strakhovoe pravo: Ucheb. posobie. M., 2007.
Konokhov M.V.. Institut obyazatel'nogo gosudarstvennogo strakhovaniya zhizni i zdorov'ya voennosluzhashchikh v konstitutsionno-pravovom prostranstve Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Pravo i politika. – 2014. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.2.7241.
O. V. Korneeva. Deliktnaya otvetstvennost' vladel'tsev transportnykh sredstv v usloviyakh ee obyazatel'nogo strakhovaniya: funktsional'nyy aspekt. // Pravo i politika. – 2011. – ¹ 2.
I.L. Trunov, Ayvar L.K.. Vrachebnaya otvetstvennost' i bezotvetstvennost'. // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2009. – ¹ 3.
I.L. Trunov, L.K. Ayvar. Vrachebnaya otvetstvennost', bezotvetstvennost'. // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2009. – ¹ 6.
I.L. Trunov. Sovremennoe strakhovanie zhizni aviapassazhira. // Pravo i politika. – 2008. – ¹ 9. Vasyanina E.L.. Nekotorye problemy pravovogo regulirovaniya zacheta (vozvrata) izlishne vzyskannykh, izlishne uplachennykh strakhovykh vznosov na obyazatel'noe pensionnoe strakhovanie // Nalogi i nalogooblozhenie. – 2008. – ¹ 7.
R.I. Kayumov. Strakhovanie kommercheskikh riskov v Rossii // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2008. – ¹ 3.
K. D. Isho. Sravnitel'naya kharakteristika zakonodatel'stva ob obyazatel'nom strakhovanii grazhdanskoy otvetstvennosti vladel'tsev transportnykh sredstv v zarubezhnykh stranakh. // Pravo i politika. – 2007. – ¹ 6.
V. V. Strel'nikov. Finansovo-pravovoe regulirovanie strakhovaniya i predmet finansovogo prava. // Pravo i politika. – 2005. – ¹ 2

Review: This article is devoted to one of the topical issues of inheritance – inheriting the right of a person to participate in commercial organizations. Since most of the commercial organizations in the Russian market are limited liability companies, the article is mostly devoted to the problems of implementation of rights of participants (promoters) of this category of economic entities. In spite of the stability of the legal regime of inheritance, one cannot say that all of the problems regarding the rights of the founders of the LLC may be resolved by turning to the text of Chapter V of Part III of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The article involved the methods of systemic analysis, formal logic, comparative method, method of teleological interpretation of the contents of norms of law in accordance with its goals, inheriting the rights of promoters (participants) of the LLC provides for the transition of a complex of proprietary and non-proprietary personal rights, and not just the real rights. While the modern civil legislation of Russia generally denies the principle of interpreting the silence of a person as an act showing his agreement, the claim of a heir to the promoters of the LLC directly without first getting a certificate of inheritance is not prohibited, and it obliges the promoters of the company to either agree or disagree with the claim of the heir. In the opinion of the author the silence of promoters should be interpreted as agreement.

Keywords: inheritance, founder, participant, economic company, commercial organization, LLC, registered capital, testator, corporate law, civil legislation.

Contact information: Mihailova, Ekaterina Viktorovna, 127349, Russia, Moskva, ul. Leskova, d.6, korp.B.

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References (transliteration):
Lobutev A.V. Nekotorye problemy prinyatiya nasledstva pri nasledovanii prav na uchastie v kommercheskikh organizatsiyakh// Yurist VUZa Yanvar' 2010 str. 64-67
Tarasova I.N.. Dopustimost' sovmestnoy formy zaveshchaniya v rossiyskom grazhdanskom prave // Pravo i politika. – 2013. – ¹ 7. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.7.8888.
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Review: Based upon the analysis of the regional legislation and municipal legal acts the author views the main provisions within the sphere of competence of municipal self-government on cooperation with the voluntary movement to the Russian Federation of the compatriots residing abroad, on legal regulation of the social and cultural adaptation of the foreign citizens in the accepting community of municipal units. The author studies the practice of implementation of programs on cooperation for the voluntary movement of compatriots residing abroad to the Russian Federation, making proposals for making them more efficient. The methodology of studies is formed by the complex of general scientific study methods, as well as comparative legal studies, sociological studies, normative and technical legal analysis, other scientific means, allowing to reveal the main patterns in the development of the practice of the local self-government bodies on normative legal regulation of the issues of social, cultural and economic adaptation of foreign citizens. In the process of achieving research goals the author used empiric and theoretical methods. The empiric methods include studies and generalization of the law-making experience, reports of the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation and its territorial divisions, the government bodies of the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation and municipal bodies regarding participation in the implementation of the State Program on Support for the Voluntary Migration to the Russian Federation of the Compatriots Residing Abroad. Among the theoretical methods the study employed analysis, generalization and comparative legal method. The scientific novelty of the study and its conclusions are as follows. Firstly, it is in a complex generalization of the practice of the government bodies of the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation and municipal bodies on normative legal regulation of the issues of social, cultural and economic adaptation of the foreign citizens. Secondly, it is in the development and substantiations of the recommendations of the author on the further improvement of the work of the municipal self-government bodies in the sphere of relations among the nations.

Keywords: municipal norm-making, interaction, municipal self-government bodies, municipal legal acts, migration, adaptation, foreign citizens, human rights, employment, permit to work.

Contact information: Mishunina, Alena Aleksandrovna, 625018, Russia, Tyumen, ul. Respubliki, 52, kab. 506.

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References (transliteration):
Shchuplenkov N.O., Shchuplenkov O.V. Perspektivy razvitiya migratsionnogo prava v Rossii // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki. - 2014. - 1. - C. 36 - 75. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2014.1.10776. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_10776.html
Volokh V.A., Gerasimova I.V. Ekonomicheskie effekty ot realizatsii gosudarstvennoy migratsionnoy politiki Rossiyskoy Federatsii. // NB: Ekonomika, trendy i upravlenie. - 2014. - 1. - C. 1 - 12. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4595.2014.1.9629. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/etc/article_9629.html
Volokh V.A., Volodin E.V. Novoe v zakonodatel'stve o trudovoy migratsii: plyusy i minusy // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. - 2013. - 10. - C. 93 - 103. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.10.9793. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9793.html
Sergeev D.B. Munitsipal'noe obrazovanie kak chast' sotsial'no-yuridicheskogo mekhanizma obespecheniya prav
cheloveka // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2012. - 12. - C. 5 - 16.
Volokh V.A. Migratsionnaya politika: readmissiya – effektivnyy instrument protivodeystviya nelegal'noy migratsii // NB: Natsional'naya bezopasnost'. - 2012. - 1. - C. 255 - 270. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_106.html
Mamitova N.V. Migratsionnaya politika Rossiyskoy Federatsii: problemy teorii i praktiki // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki. - 2013. - 6. - C. 73 - 104. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2013.6.532. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_532.html
Volokh V.A. Praktika raboty institutov grazhdanskogo obshchestva v sfere migratsii naseleniya // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki. - 2013. - 6. - C. 105 - 136. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2013.6.598. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_598.html
Sizov I.Yu.. Administrativno-pravovoe regulirovanie vynuzhdennoy migratsii // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107
Sizov I.Yu.. Problemy informatsionnogo obespecheniya deyatel'nosti organov vnutrennikh del pri protivodeystvii migratsionnoy prestupnosti // Politseyskaya deyatel'nost'. – 2012. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107.
A. Yu. Yastrebova. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie migratsii: evolyutsiya, osnovy, immigratsionnye prioritety Rossiyskoy Federatsii i stran Evropeyskogo soyuza // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107.
A.S. ogly Alekperov. Mul'tikul'turalizm v prostranstve mezhdu politikoy i kul'turoy // Filosofiya i kul'tura. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.03.8.
D.N. Chernov. Osobennosti detsko-roditel'skikh otnosheniy pri vospitanii mladshikh doshkol'nikov v usloviyakh emigratsii // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. – 2012. – ¹ 12. – S. 104-107.
E.S. Smirnova. Opasnost' ukhudsheniya kriminogennoy obstanovki v svyazi s rostom nezakonnoy migratsii: mirovoy opyt // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2012. – ¹ 10. – S. 104-107.
I.V. Surma, G.V. Terent'eva. Normativno-pravovye dokumenty, sostavlyayushchie zakonodatel'nuyu osnovu migratsionnoy politiki ES na primere Italii // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.03.13.
E.M. Drinova. Modernizatsiya i globalizatsiya: formirovanie lokal'nykh toposov politizatsii religii // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2013. – ¹ 5. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.05.11.
Yu.K. Akhatov. Sotsiologicheskie podkhody k analizu migratsionnoy politiki // Trendy i upravlenie. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2307-9118.2013.01.5.
Chirkov D.K., Antonov-Romanovskiy G.V., Litvinov A.A.. Vliyanie migratsionnykh potokov iz-za rubezha na kriminal'nuyu situatsiyu v Rossii // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.3.7627.
Chernyak A.V.. Prioritetnye napravleniya migratsionnogo sotrudnichestva Rossii i ES // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2013. – ¹ 6. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.6.8112.
Smirnova E.S.. Problemy demograficheskoy i etnokul'turnoy bezopasnosti v usloviyakh vysokogo urovnya migratsii: mirovoy opyt // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2013. – ¹ 6. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.6.8602.
A.I Kirillova. Integratsiya migrantov-musul'man v rossiyskoe obshchestvo // Trendy i upravlenie. – 2013. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2307-9118.2013.2.5009.
Terent'eva G. V.. Novyy Global'nyy podkhod ES k migratsii i mobil'nosti (GAMM) i sotsial'nye aspekty migratsionnoy politiki Italii // Trendy i upravlenie. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2307-9118.2013.3.6592.
V.V. Morozov. Adaptivnaya funktsiya sotsializatsi obrazovaniya // Filosofiya i kul'tura. – 2011. – ¹ 7. – S. 104-107.
Igonin D.I.. Opredelenie strategicheskikh prioritetov v gosudarstvennoy migratsionnoy politike Rossii kak preventivnaya mera sotsial'noy dezadaptatsii. // Trendy i upravlenie. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2307-9118.2013.4.4880.
N. F. Bugay, V. G. Chebotareva. Nemetskie kolonisty — sovetskie (rossiyskie) nemtsy: paradoksy otechestvennoy istorii // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. – 2013. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2013.01.4.
Chitat' stat'yu A.A. Yarlykapov. Polietnichnyy Dagestan: edinstvo v mnogoobrazii // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2013. – ¹ 5. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.05.5.
Borodin E.A.. Respublika Kyrgyzstan i vozvrashchenie Rossii v Tsentral'nuyu Aziyu // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2013. – ¹ 4. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.4.7751.
N. F. Khil'ko. Problemy sokhraneniya i razvitiya ukrainskoy narodnoy kul'tury v Omskoy oblasti v mestakh kompaktnogo i dispersnogo prozhivaniya // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. – 2013. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1956.2013.03.4.
Kashina E.A.. Rol' krupnogo biznesa v formirovanii regional'noy politiki rossiyskogo gosudarstva: syr'evoy aspekt // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. – 2013. – ¹ 5. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.5.9298.
Volokh V.A. Praktika raboty institutov grazhdanskogo obshchestva v sfere migratsii naseleniya // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-6.-C. 105-136. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2013.6.598. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_598.html
Khabrieva T.Ya. Migratsionnoe pravo Rossii: teoriya i praktika: monografiya. – M.: Yuridicheskaya firma «KONTRAKT», 2008. – 336 s.
Khabrieva T.Ya. Sovremennye problemy samoopredeleniya etnosov: sravnitel'no-pravovoe issledovanie.-M.: Institut zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya pri Pravitel'stve RF, 2010.-288 s.
Chebotarev G.N., Mishunina A.A. Sistema pravovogo regulirovaniya vneshney migratsii naseleniya v Rossii: Voprosy teorii i praktiki. Monografiya.-Tyumen': Tyumenskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet; OOO «Vektor Buk», 2010. – 400 s.
Chebotarev G.N., Mishunina A.A. Sistema pravovogo regulirovaniya vneshney migratsii naseleniya v Rossii: voprosy teorii i praktiki. Monografiya.-Tyumen': GOU VPO «Tyumenskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet», «Vektor Buk», 2010. – 400 s.
Mishunina A.A., Chebotarev G.N. Problemy sotsial'no-kul'turnoy i ekonomicheskoy adaptatsii inostrannykh grazhdan v Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Politika i obshchestvo. 2010. ¹ 5(71). S. 49.
Mishunina A.A. Migratsionnye protsessy v federativnom gosudarstve: konstitutsionno-pravovoe issledovanie. Monografiya. / Pod obshchey redaktsiey zasluzhennogo yurista RF, d.yu.n., professora G.N. Chebotareva.-Tyumen': GOU VPO «Tyumenskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet»; OOO «Vektor Buk», 2009. – 400 s.

Review: The general insurance contract (policy), which may be used for maritime transportation of goods may provide insurance coverage for all goods or a certain type of goods within the sphere of its application. The insurance indemnity should be paid on a condition that an insurance event (loss or damage to the goods) takes place within the period of validity of insurance coverage. The latter should be provided for in the general contract (policy), when it is concluded, and it applies no matter whether there was a policy for a specific party of goods. An insurance event is any loss or damage to the carried goods, which took place within the period of validity of insurance coverage according to the general policy. In respect of each lost or damage insured party of transported goods there is no need to establish the elements of probability and accidental character, since they are not characteristic features of the supposed event, which is defined when concluding a general insurance policy (contract).

Keywords: jurisprudence, marine, insurance, general, contract, policy, goods, loss, damage, compensation.

Contact information: Lebedev, Pavel Anatolievich, 690091, Russia, Primorskiy krai, Vladivostok, Oktyabrskaya, 25-YSh, kab. 27.

References:
I. Normativnye pravovye akty
1. «Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' pervaya)» ot 30.11.1994 N 51-FZ (red. ot 11.02.2013) (s izm. i dop., vstupayushchimi v silu s 01.03.2013) // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
2. «Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' vtoraya)» ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ (red. ot 14.06.2012) // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
3. «Kodeks torgovogo moreplavaniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii» ot 30.04.1999 N 81-FZ (red. ot 28.07.2012) // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
4. Zakon RF ot 27.11.1992 N 4015-1 (red. ot 25.12.2012) «Ob organizatsii strakhovogo dela v Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
II. Spetsial'naya literatura
5. Abramov V.Yu. Tret'i litsa v strakhovanii. – M.: Finansy i statistika, 2003. – 128s.
6. Abramov V.Yu. Strakhovanie: teoriya i praktika – M.: Volters Kluver, 2007. – 512c.
7. Braginskiy M.I., Vitryanskiy V.V. Dogovornoe pravo. Kniga tret'ya. – M.: Statut, 2008. – 1055s.
8. Kommentariy k Kodeksu torgovogo moreplavaniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Pod. Red. G.G. Ivanova. – M.: Spark, 2005. – 830s.
9. «Strakhovoe pravo: teoreticheskie osnovy i praktika primeneniya: Monografiya». Fogel'son Yu.B. «Norma», «Infra-M», 2012. – 576s.
10. Fogel'son Yu.B. Kommentariy k strakhovomu zakonodatel'stvu. 2002 // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
III. Materialy yuridicheskoy praktiki
11. Reshenie Arbitrazhnogo suda g. Moskvy ot 05.05.2011g. delo ¹ A40-88382/10-59-788.
12. Postanovlenie Devyatogo Arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 04.08.2011g. ¹ 09AP-16054/2011-GK, delo ¹ A40-88382/10-59-788.
13. Postanovlenie Federal'nogo Arbitrazhnogo suda Moskovskogo okruga ot 29.11.2011g. delo ¹ A40-88382/10-59-788.
14. Postanovlenie Devyatogo Arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 22.03.2012g. ¹ 09AP-34370/2011g., delo A40-88382/10-59-788.
15. Opredelenie Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 06.11.2012g. ¹ VAS-13838/12.

References (transliteration):
I. Normativnye pravovye akty
1. «Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' pervaya)» ot 30.11.1994 N 51-FZ (red. ot 11.02.2013) (s izm. i dop., vstupayushchimi v silu s 01.03.2013) // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
2. «Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' vtoraya)» ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ (red. ot 14.06.2012) // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
3. «Kodeks torgovogo moreplavaniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii» ot 30.04.1999 N 81-FZ (red. ot 28.07.2012) // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
4. Zakon RF ot 27.11.1992 N 4015-1 (red. ot 25.12.2012) «Ob organizatsii strakhovogo dela v Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
II. Spetsial'naya literatura
5. Abramov V.Yu. Tret'i litsa v strakhovanii. – M.: Finansy i statistika, 2003. – 128s.
6. Abramov V.Yu. Strakhovanie: teoriya i praktika – M.: Volters Kluver, 2007. – 512c.
7. Braginskiy M.I., Vitryanskiy V.V. Dogovornoe pravo. Kniga tret'ya. – M.: Statut, 2008. – 1055s.
8. Kommentariy k Kodeksu torgovogo moreplavaniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Pod. Red. G.G. Ivanova. – M.: Spark, 2005. – 830s.
9. «Strakhovoe pravo: teoreticheskie osnovy i praktika primeneniya: Monografiya». Fogel'son Yu.B. «Norma», «Infra-M», 2012. – 576s.
10. Fogel'son Yu.B. Kommentariy k strakhovomu zakonodatel'stvu. 2002 // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
III. Materialy yuridicheskoy praktiki
11. Reshenie Arbitrazhnogo suda g. Moskvy ot 05.05.2011g. delo ¹ A40-88382/10-59-788.
12. Postanovlenie Devyatogo Arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 04.08.2011g. ¹ 09AP-16054/2011-GK, delo ¹ A40-88382/10-59-788.
13. Postanovlenie Federal'nogo Arbitrazhnogo suda Moskovskogo okruga ot 29.11.2011g. delo ¹ A40-88382/10-59-788.
14. Postanovlenie Devyatogo Arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 22.03.2012g. ¹ 09AP-34370/2011g., delo A40-88382/10-59-788.
15. Opredelenie Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 06.11.2012g. ¹ VAS-13838/12.

Review: This article focuses on the challenging issue related to the implementation of such hereditary legal capacity of foreign citizenship holders as inheritance of land belonging to the category of agricultural land and land located in the border areas. This largely formal restriction does not apply to holders of dual citizenship because under the Russian legislation they are considered as citizens of Russia. The author gives the example of similar restrictions operating in the Republic of Estonia and the laws of the Kyrgyz Republic. In writing this article, the author uses the method of comparative legal studies and historical retrospective analysis. Furthermore, this paper follows the method of “proof by contradiction”. The author refutes the widespread thesis that the Russian law explicitly prohibits persons who have foreign citizenship to own land related to agricultural or located in the border area. Since this particular conclusion was based on the general rules of the legislation, it is clear that what is said in this article concerning land relations can be applied to other public relations, legal regulation of which permits restrictions on the rights of participants, personal statute of whom is defined by the rule of law of a foreign country, i.e. corporate and labor relationship.

Keywords: inheritance, testament, foreign citizens, dual nationals, stateless persons, land, agricultural land, legal capacity, active capacity, foreign legal entities

Contact information: Mikhailova Ekaterina Vikotorvna, 127349, Russia, Moscow, ul. Leskov, 6, Bldg. B

References:
Smirnova E.S. Problemy prebyvaniya inostrannykh grazhdan na territorii gosudarstva i voprosy obespecheniya ikh bezopasnosti // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. - 2013. - 2. - C. 39 - 66. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_676.html
Mamitova N.V. Migratsionnaya politika Rossiyskoy Federatsii: problemy teorii i praktiki // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-6.-C. 73-104. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_532.html
Tsygankov A.V. K voprosu o sovershenstvovanii ponyatiynogo apparata zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii o pravovom polozhenii inostrannykh grazhdan i lits bez grazhdanstva // Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava.-2009.-4.-C. 66-70.
Naletov K.I. Nekotorye voprosy dogovora renty// Grazhdanin i pravo-2013.-¹ 7.
Tsygankov A.V. Problemy zakonodatel'nogo regulirovaniya, obespechivayushchego realizatsiyu sotsial'no-ekonomicheskikh prav i svobod inostrannykh grazhdan i lits bez grazhdanstva v Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava.-2009.-3.-C. 129-133.
Anisimov A.P., Melikhov A.I. O nekotorykh teoreticheskikh problemakh zemel'noy pravosub'ektnosti inostrannykh grazhdan i yuridicheskikh lits//"Pravo i politika", 2005, N 6
Dikhtyar A.I., Selifonova S.Yu. Ogranicheniya prav inostrannykh lits na zemli sel'skokhozyaystvennogo naznacheniya: sravnitel'nyy analiz zakonodatel'stva stran-uchastnits SNG i EvrAzES // Yuridicheskiy mir. 2012. N 1. S. 49-51.

References (transliteration):
Smirnova E.S. Problemy prebyvaniya inostrannykh grazhdan na territorii gosudarstva i voprosy obespecheniya ikh bezopasnosti // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. - 2013. - 2. - C. 39 - 66. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_676.html
Mamitova N.V. Migratsionnaya politika Rossiyskoy Federatsii: problemy teorii i praktiki // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-6.-C. 73-104. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_532.html
Tsygankov A.V. K voprosu o sovershenstvovanii ponyatiynogo apparata zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii o pravovom polozhenii inostrannykh grazhdan i lits bez grazhdanstva // Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava.-2009.-4.-C. 66-70.
Naletov K.I. Nekotorye voprosy dogovora renty// Grazhdanin i pravo-2013.-¹ 7.
Tsygankov A.V. Problemy zakonodatel'nogo regulirovaniya, obespechivayushchego realizatsiyu sotsial'no-ekonomicheskikh prav i svobod inostrannykh grazhdan i lits bez grazhdanstva v Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava.-2009.-3.-C. 129-133.
Anisimov A.P., Melikhov A.I. O nekotorykh teoreticheskikh problemakh zemel'noy pravosub'ektnosti inostrannykh grazhdan i yuridicheskikh lits//"Pravo i politika", 2005, N 6
Dikhtyar A.I., Selifonova S.Yu. Ogranicheniya prav inostrannykh lits na zemli sel'skokhozyaystvennogo naznacheniya: sravnitel'nyy analiz zakonodatel'stva stran-uchastnits SNG i EvrAzES // Yuridicheskiy mir. 2012. N 1. S. 49-51.

Review: The research subject of this work is the analysis of the ways of acquiring the rights to domain names, as well as a comparative legal analysis of the international and Russian legislation of methods of acquiring the rights to domain names. Along with the theoretical basis, attention is also paid to the practice, which, as it turned out during the observation, is not always based on the rules of law. Local regulations and agreements, concluded by the parties in the pursuance of fulfilling mutual obligations on the transfer of the rights to domain names, have also been studied in detail. A universal method of cognition has been applied, in particular the principle of objectivity and the comprehensiveness of knowledge and scientific methods, such as observation and analysis, as well as private and scientific methods, including a logical-legal one and a comparative one. The scientific novelty of the work is explained due to the fact that the article identifies the problems that have occurred in recent times, and also offers options to resolve them. There is a need to change the legislation related to the absence of necessary standards in it, therefore it is recommended to pay attention to the procedure of domain name registration, to submit a list of documents required for concluding the rights transfer to the domain name, to make changes to the third part of the Civil Code, according to which the right to use a domain name would be included in the succession mass and passed by inheritance, and to enter the articles providing a limited list of ways to acquire the rights to the domain, which would exclude the possibility of such a transfer on the basis of a court decision.

Keywords: Internet, domain name, ICANN, RosNIIROS, Coordination Center, RU-CENTER, domain registrar, domain administrator, DNS– server and assignment agreement.

Contact information: Budagova Marianne M., 125047, Russia, Moscow, Chayanova str., 15

References:
M. V. Shugurov «Gruppa vos'mi» (G8) i dilemmy global'nogo upravleniya Internetom: mezhdunarodno-pravovoy aspekt // Pravo i politika. - 2012. - 6. - C. 1098 - 1127.
Azarov M.S. Informatsiya i domennye imena: vzaimodeystvie v ramkakh informatsionnogo prava. // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.-2010.-12.-C. 40-44.
Azarov M.S. Administrativno-pravovoe regulirovanie domennogo imeni kak ob'ekta informatsionnogo prava // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.-2010.-5.-C. 41-43.

References (transliteration):
M. V. Shugurov «Gruppa vos'mi» (G8) i dilemmy global'nogo upravleniya Internetom: mezhdunarodno-pravovoy aspekt // Pravo i politika. - 2012. - 6. - C. 1098 - 1127.
Azarov M.S. Informatsiya i domennye imena: vzaimodeystvie v ramkakh informatsionnogo prava. // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.-2010.-12.-C. 40-44.
Azarov M.S. Administrativno-pravovoe regulirovanie domennogo imeni kak ob'ekta informatsionnogo prava // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.-2010.-5.-C. 41-43.

Review: Electronic voting is a new and growing area of the electoral process and is therefore very topical. This article discusses a method of electronic voting which is actively applied in the territory of the Russian Federation – the optical scan voting system (KOIB in Russian). It analyses sociological surveys, expert opinions, and reports on the application of KOIB as well as considering the practice of using KOIB in the Tyumen region. The authors identify the main strengths and weaknesses of an automated system of voting and vote-counting. The following general methods of research were used: ontological, epistemological and dialectical research; comparative legal research; induction and deduction; synthesis and analysis. This original research is the first to consider in detail the advantages and disadvantages of KOIB based on social surveys and reports of the Central Election Commission (CEC) of Russia. It also identifies possible causes of violations of Precinct Election Commission (PEC) instructions. The research shows that the use of KOIB has many advantages: quick ballot counting and determination of results, increased voter turnout due to the exclusion of the ‘human factor’, etc. However, the use of KOIB during elections leads to a large number of deficiencies also, most of which are related to the incompetence of PEC members and malfunctioning equipment. The article concludes that further development of e-voting systems is imperative, as is the improvement of KOIB and tougher requirements for PEC members.

Keywords: electoral system, Tyumen region, KOIB, electronic voting, precinct election commission, protocol, elections, sociological survey, electronic methods of voting, electoral fraud

Contact information: Matryonina, Ksenia Yurievna, 625048, Russia, Tyumen region, Tyumen, Malygina St, 5, Apt 212

References:
Avtomaty protiv zhulikov i vorov [Elektronnyy resurs] // Novaya Gazeta ¹ 103 / 12.09.2012. – URL: http://www.novayagazeta.ru/politics/54415.html (data obrashcheniya: 27.09.2013).
Davydov D. A. Internet-golosovanie kak elektoral'naya politicheskaya tekhnologiya / D. A. Davydov // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. – 2010. – ¹ 1 (9). – S. 59-63.
Daydzhest materialov SMI ot 28 sentyabrya 2011 goda [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://www.zoom.cikrf.ru/banners/smi_tech/280911.html (data obrashcheniya: 10.03.2013).
Otchet o primenenii KOIB pri provedenii vyborov v edinyy den' golosovaniya 14 oktyabrya 2012 goda [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://www.cikrf.ru/ news/relevant/2012/12/06/otchet_koib.html (data obrashcheniya: 07.10.2013).
Otchet o primenenii tekhnicheskikh sredstv podscheta golosov – kompleksov obrabotki izbiratel'nykh byulleteney pri provedenii golosovaniya na vyborakh, provedennykh na territorii sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii v edinyy den' golosovaniya 8 sentyabrya 2013 goda [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://www.cikrf.ru/news/relevant/2013/10/21/01.html (data obrashcheniya: 07.10.2013).
Stenograficheskiy otchet o vstreche s aktivom vserossiyskoy politicheskoy partii «Edinaya Rossiya» 28 maya 2010 g. [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/transcripts/7896 (data obrashcheniya: 01.10.2013).
Udalennoe golosovanie otodvinuli na 10 let v silu ego nedostatochnoy bezopasnosti [Elektronnyy resurs] // Kommersant' ¹ 021 ot 08.02.2011. – URL: http://avanesov.viperson.ru/wind.php?ID=636308&soch=1 (data obrashcheniya: 01.10.2013).
Yaroslavskie izbirateli o tekhnicheskikh novovvedeniyakh v rabote izbiratel'nykh komissiy i doverii k vyboram: Materialy sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya / Otv. red. Baburkin S. A. – Yaroslavl': Izdatel'stvo Yaroslavskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. K. D. Ushinskogo, 2012. – 27 s.

References (transliteration):
Avtomaty protiv zhulikov i vorov [Elektronnyy resurs] // Novaya Gazeta ¹ 103 / 12.09.2012. – URL: http://www.novayagazeta.ru/politics/54415.html (data obrashcheniya: 27.09.2013).
Davydov D. A. Internet-golosovanie kak elektoral'naya politicheskaya tekhnologiya / D. A. Davydov // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. – 2010. – ¹ 1 (9). – S. 59-63.
Daydzhest materialov SMI ot 28 sentyabrya 2011 goda [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://www.zoom.cikrf.ru/banners/smi_tech/280911.html (data obrashcheniya: 10.03.2013).
Otchet o primenenii KOIB pri provedenii vyborov v edinyy den' golosovaniya 14 oktyabrya 2012 goda [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://www.cikrf.ru/ news/relevant/2012/12/06/otchet_koib.html (data obrashcheniya: 07.10.2013).
Otchet o primenenii tekhnicheskikh sredstv podscheta golosov – kompleksov obrabotki izbiratel'nykh byulleteney pri provedenii golosovaniya na vyborakh, provedennykh na territorii sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii v edinyy den' golosovaniya 8 sentyabrya 2013 goda [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://www.cikrf.ru/news/relevant/2013/10/21/01.html (data obrashcheniya: 07.10.2013).
Stenograficheskiy otchet o vstreche s aktivom vserossiyskoy politicheskoy partii «Edinaya Rossiya» 28 maya 2010 g. [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/transcripts/7896 (data obrashcheniya: 01.10.2013).
Udalennoe golosovanie otodvinuli na 10 let v silu ego nedostatochnoy bezopasnosti [Elektronnyy resurs] // Kommersant' ¹ 021 ot 08.02.2011. – URL: http://avanesov.viperson.ru/wind.php?ID=636308&soch=1 (data obrashcheniya: 01.10.2013).
Yaroslavskie izbirateli o tekhnicheskikh novovvedeniyakh v rabote izbiratel'nykh komissiy i doverii k vyboram: Materialy sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya / Otv. red. Baburkin S. A. – Yaroslavl': Izdatel'stvo Yaroslavskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. K. D. Ushinskogo, 2012. – 27 s.

Review: The article attempts to provide criminal law evaluation of the unlawful seizure of the capital assets belonging to the housing owners, members of the housing (housing construction) partnerships and cooperatives in the apartment buildings. The issue concerns the common property of housing owners, as well as of funds transferred by the residents for the repairs, management and maintenance of the apartment building. The author finds these processes to possess elements of raiding (hostile takeover). From this standpoint he evaluates the current situation in this sphere. The article contains references to several crimes, which such unlawful obtainment of property of housing owners may constitute. Additionally, the author points out practical and statistic problems in this sphere. In the final part of the article the author draws a conclusion that it is necessary to take a number of measures in order to protect the interests of the housing owners in the apartment buildings, for example, by quality monitoring of criminal encroachments on the relations regarding management of apartment buildings.

Keywords: law, housing partnership, the Housing Code, the housing and utilities infrastructure, hostile takeover, raiding, protocol, general assembly, housing, takeover.

Contact information: Zalpov, Nikolay Vasilievich, 101000, Russia, Moskva, Myasnitskaya ul. d. 20

References:
1. Balayan A.L. «Prestupnye «nedruzhestvennye pogloshcheniya» predpriyatiy v Moskve». Zhurnal «Rossiyskiy sledovatel'». ¹ 13, 2008 g.
2. Chernykh. A. V Moskve zhestoko izbit predsedatel' stolichnogo TSZh Mikhail Shul'man». «Kommersant'-Online» ot 17.02.2012 g. http://kommersant.ru/doc/1876583#lj
3. Konstantinov V.V. «Reyderstvo – ne moshennichestvo». Zhurnal «Zakonnost'». ¹ 11, 2008 g.
4. Repetskaya A.L. «Organizovannaya prestupnost' v sfere ekonomiki: kharakteristika, prichiny, preduprezhdenie». Uchebnoe posobie. Izdatel'stvo – «BGUEP». Irkutsk, 2009 g.
5. Zhalinskogo A. E. Ugolovnoe pravo. Uchebnik. Tom 1. Obshchaya chast'. Izdatel'skiy Dom «Gorodets». Moskva, 2011 g.
6. Fedorov A.Yu. «Reyderstvo: kriminologicheskaya kharakteristika i preduprezhdenie». Monografiya. Ural'skiy yuridicheskiy institut MVD Rossii. Ekaterinburg, 2009 g.

References (transliteration):
1. Balayan A.L. «Prestupnye «nedruzhestvennye pogloshcheniya» predpriyatiy v Moskve». Zhurnal «Rossiyskiy sledovatel'». ¹ 13, 2008 g.
2. Chernykh. A. V Moskve zhestoko izbit predsedatel' stolichnogo TSZh Mikhail Shul'man». «Kommersant'-Online» ot 17.02.2012 g. http://kommersant.ru/doc/1876583#lj
3. Konstantinov V.V. «Reyderstvo – ne moshennichestvo». Zhurnal «Zakonnost'». ¹ 11, 2008 g.
4. Repetskaya A.L. «Organizovannaya prestupnost' v sfere ekonomiki: kharakteristika, prichiny, preduprezhdenie». Uchebnoe posobie. Izdatel'stvo – «BGUEP». Irkutsk, 2009 g.
5. Zhalinskogo A. E. Ugolovnoe pravo. Uchebnik. Tom 1. Obshchaya chast'. Izdatel'skiy Dom «Gorodets». Moskva, 2011 g.
6. Fedorov A.Yu. «Reyderstvo: kriminologicheskaya kharakteristika i preduprezhdenie». Monografiya. Ural'skiy yuridicheskiy institut MVD Rossii. Ekaterinburg, 2009 g.

Review: The article is devoted to the problems of civil law responsibility for the land law violations. The current legislation fails to protect proprietary interests of users of natural resources in cases of harming environment. Such a harm is regarded as a public harm, and it is compensated to the municipal unit in based upon the claims by persons in accordance with the list provided for under Art. 5,6,11, 12 of the Federal Law “On Protection of Environment”. As a rule when dealing the claims on compensation of harm to land and natural resources the courts do not take into account the losses of users of natural resources due to the harm caused to a natural object in their use by the activities of other users of natural resources. The civil law responsibility for the offences against land law is one of the most efficient legal means, which may be used to achieve a reasonable balance of proprietary interests of owners, users and tenants, as well as the public interests in order to guarantee rational, efficient, and safe use of lands.

Keywords: jurisprudence, law, land harm, offence, responsibility, harm, compensation, application of law, civil.

Contact information: Babenko, Lyudmila Nikolaevna, 344006, Russia, Rostov-na-Donu, ul. Bolshaya Sadovaya, d. 105/42

References:
1. Vakhaev M.Kh. Teoriya i praktika regulirovaniya zemel'nykh otnosheniy v usloviyakh rynka. S-Pb.: «Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press», 2006. Yablokov A.V. Rossiya: zdorov'e prirody i lyudey. M.: «Yabloko», 2007g.
2. Brinchuk M.M. Tak sushchestvuet li ekologo-pravovaya otvetstvennost'?//Ekologicheskoe pravo. 2009. ¹2-3.
3. Vasil'eva M.I. Publichnye interesy v ekologicheskom prave: teoriya i praktika pravovogo regulirovaniya. Avtoref. dis. … dokt. yurid. nauk. M., 2003. S.7; Vasil'eva M.I. Publichnye interesy v ekologicheskom prKrivolapova L.V. Pravovoe obespechenie vozmeshcheniya vreda, prichinennogo ekologicheskim pravonarusheniem. Avtoref. dis. … k.yu.n. Saratov, 2001.
4. Robinson Nikolas A. Pravovoe regulirovanie prirodopol'zovaniya i okhrany okruzhayushchey sredy v SShA : Per. s angl. / N. Robinson; Pod red. O. S. Kolbasova, A. S. Timoshenko ; Poslesl. O. S. Kolbasova. - M. : Progress, 1990.
5. Bratus' S.N. Yuridicheskaya otvetstvennost' i zakonnost'. M.: «Yuridicheskaya literatura», 1976. S.83.
6. Vasin V.N., Korshunov N.M. Vnedogovornye obyazatel'stva. M.: «Prior», 1994.

References (transliteration):
1. Vakhaev M.Kh. Teoriya i praktika regulirovaniya zemel'nykh otnosheniy v usloviyakh rynka. S-Pb.: «Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press», 2006. Yablokov A.V. Rossiya: zdorov'e prirody i lyudey. M.: «Yabloko», 2007g.
2. Brinchuk M.M. Tak sushchestvuet li ekologo-pravovaya otvetstvennost'?//Ekologicheskoe pravo. 2009. ¹2-3.
3. Vasil'eva M.I. Publichnye interesy v ekologicheskom prave: teoriya i praktika pravovogo regulirovaniya. Avtoref. dis. … dokt. yurid. nauk. M., 2003. S.7; Vasil'eva M.I. Publichnye interesy v ekologicheskom prKrivolapova L.V. Pravovoe obespechenie vozmeshcheniya vreda, prichinennogo ekologicheskim pravonarusheniem. Avtoref. dis. … k.yu.n. Saratov, 2001.
4. Robinson Nikolas A. Pravovoe regulirovanie prirodopol'zovaniya i okhrany okruzhayushchey sredy v SShA : Per. s angl. / N. Robinson; Pod red. O. S. Kolbasova, A. S. Timoshenko ; Poslesl. O. S. Kolbasova. - M. : Progress, 1990.
5. Bratus' S.N. Yuridicheskaya otvetstvennost' i zakonnost'. M.: «Yuridicheskaya literatura», 1976. S.83.
6. Vasin V.N., Korshunov N.M. Vnedogovornye obyazatel'stva. M.: «Prior», 1994.

Review: The article provides evaluation of theoretical and practical problems regarding the ability of institutions and unitary enterprises to take legally valid actions upon consent of the owner of their property. The author discusses the issues on elements of consent and cases, when such consent is needed.

Keywords: jurisprudence, autonomy, non-owner, legal entity, institution, unitary enterprise, agreement of an owner, form of agreement, substantial conditions, autonomy protection.

Contact information: Boldyrev, Vladimir Anatolievich, 644074, Russia, Omsk, ul. Kirova, d.7

References:
1. Yakushev V.S. Yuridicheskaya lichnost' gosudarstvennogo proizvodstvennogo predpriyatiya. Sverdlovsk: Sredne-Ural'skoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo, 1973. S. 208.
2. Minashkin A.V. Osnovy administrativno-pravovogo statusa gosudarstvennykh uchrezhdeniy // Pravo i ekonomika. 2003. ¹ 1.
3. Leskova Yu.G. Pravovoe polozhenie uchrezhdeniy po rossiyskomu zakonodatel'stvu: Avtoref. dis… kand. yurid. nauk. Belgorod: BGU, 2007. S. 7

References (transliteration):
1. Yakushev V.S. Yuridicheskaya lichnost' gosudarstvennogo proizvodstvennogo predpriyatiya. Sverdlovsk: Sredne-Ural'skoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo, 1973. S. 208.
2. Minashkin A.V. Osnovy administrativno-pravovogo statusa gosudarstvennykh uchrezhdeniy // Pravo i ekonomika. 2003. ¹ 1.
3. Leskova Yu.G. Pravovoe polozhenie uchrezhdeniy po rossiyskomu zakonodatel'stvu: Avtoref. dis… kand. yurid. nauk. Belgorod: BGU, 2007. S. 7

Review: The article establishes a list of activities, which are prohibited or limited to the persons, holding status of a Russian advocate. The author singles out the principles, which lead to the appearance of such limitations.

Keywords: jurisprudence, advocate, business advocate, status, commerce, independence, nominal, worker, semiboyarshina, novel.

Contact information: Melnichenko, Roman Grigorievich, 400075, Russia, Volgograd, Dzerzhinskiy rayon, shosse Aviatorov, d.1

References:
1. Barshchevskiy M. Yu. Advokatskaya etika. 2-e izd., ispr. – M., 200.
2. Burobin V. N. Kommertsializatsiya advokatury - blago dlya ee razvitiya // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. N 5. 2002.
3. Kucherena A.G. Advokatura: Uchebnik. – M., 2004.
4. Lokhvitskiy A.V. Frantsuzskaya advokatura Professiya advokata: Sbornik rabot o frantsuzskoy advokature / Sost. A.V. Polyakov. – M., 2006.
5. Mel'nichenko R. G. Popravki k Zakonu ob advokature: rabota nad oshibkami // Advokat. ¹ 5. 2005.
6. Mollo F. Pravila advokatskoy professii vo Frantsii. M., 1894.
7. Obzor distsiplinarnoy praktiki Soveta Advokatskoy palaty g. Moskvy // Advokat. ¹ 6.2008.
8. Reznik. G. V advokature zavelsya virus kommertsii, no epidemiya predotvratima // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. N 11. 1999.
9. Smolenskiy M.B. Advokatskaya deyatel'nost' i advokatura Rossiyskoy Federatsii: Uchebnik. Rostov n/D., 2003.

References (transliteration):
1. Barshchevskiy M. Yu. Advokatskaya etika. 2-e izd., ispr. – M., 200.
2. Burobin V. N. Kommertsializatsiya advokatury - blago dlya ee razvitiya // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. N 5. 2002.
3. Kucherena A.G. Advokatura: Uchebnik. – M., 2004.
4. Lokhvitskiy A.V. Frantsuzskaya advokatura Professiya advokata: Sbornik rabot o frantsuzskoy advokature / Sost. A.V. Polyakov. – M., 2006.
5. Mel'nichenko R. G. Popravki k Zakonu ob advokature: rabota nad oshibkami // Advokat. ¹ 5. 2005.
6. Mollo F. Pravila advokatskoy professii vo Frantsii. M., 1894.
7. Obzor distsiplinarnoy praktiki Soveta Advokatskoy palaty g. Moskvy // Advokat. ¹ 6.2008.
8. Reznik. G. V advokature zavelsya virus kommertsii, no epidemiya predotvratima // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. N 11. 1999.
9. Smolenskiy M.B. Advokatskaya deyatel'nost' i advokatura Rossiyskoy Federatsii: Uchebnik. Rostov n/D., 2003.

Review: The article studies and analyzes the main problems related to stimulated and fraudulent deals. In particular, it discusses the procedure for acknowledging certain deals as stimulated or fraudulent, a number of parties who can apply for a deal to be acknowledged as invalid based on its stimulated or fraudulent nature as well as the action limitation for stimulated and fraudulent deals. It is stated that the circumstances proving the nullity of stimulated or fraudulent deals should be viewed and confirmed by judicial process. At the present time, the tax authorities’ right to add taxes by non-judicial means can be considered to be a direct infringement of a taxpayer’s right and tax authorities can take an advantage of it by considering certain deals to be stimulated or fraudulent. Moreover, it is suggested that the action limitation period should start on the day when a claimant learns or is supposed to learn about arising of certain circumstances that create grounds for considering deals to be void.

Keywords: Fraudulent deal, stimulated deal, contestability of a deal, void deal, legal process, action limitation, concerned parties, application of consequences, legal qualification, public law.

References:
1. Vinnitskiy D.V. Problemy razgranicheniya nalogovogo planirovaniya i deystviy, napravlennykh na uklonenie ot nalogooblozheniya // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. 2006. ¹ 11. S. 4.
2. Grimm D.D. Lektsii po dogme rimskogo prava. M. 2003. S.137.
3. Kornaukhov M.V. Metodologiya sporov ob obosnovannosti nalogovoy vygody // Nalogi. 2008. ¹ 1. S.3.
4. Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF i Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda RF ot 01 iyulya 1996 g. ¹ 6/8 «O nekotorykh voprosakh, svyazannykh s primeneniem chasti pervoy Grazhdanskogo Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Spravochno-pravovaya sistema «Konsul'tantPlyus».
5. Postanovlenie Plenuma Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda ot 10 aprelya 2008 g. ¹ 22 «O nekotorykh voprosakh praktiki rassmotreniya sporov, svyazannykh s primeneniem stat'i 169 Grazhdanskogo Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Spravochno-pravovaya sistema «Konsul'tantPlyus».
6. Opredelenie Konstitutsionnogo Suda RF ot 08 aprelya 2010 g. ¹ 456-O-O «Ob otkaze v prinyatii k rassmotreniyu zhalob zakrytogo aktsionernogo obshchestva «Vikon» i grazhdanki Lokhovoy Alevtiny Pavlovny na narushenie Konstitutsionnykh prav i svobod punktom 1 stat'i 181 Grazhdanskogo Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Fedkratsii» // Spravochno-pravovaya sistema «Konsul'tantPlyus».

References (transliteration):
1. Vinnitskiy D.V. Problemy razgranicheniya nalogovogo planirovaniya i deystviy, napravlennykh na uklonenie ot nalogooblozheniya // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. 2006. ¹ 11. S. 4.
2. Grimm D.D. Lektsii po dogme rimskogo prava. M. 2003. S.137.
3. Kornaukhov M.V. Metodologiya sporov ob obosnovannosti nalogovoy vygody // Nalogi. 2008. ¹ 1. S.3.
4. Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF i Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda RF ot 01 iyulya 1996 g. ¹ 6/8 «O nekotorykh voprosakh, svyazannykh s primeneniem chasti pervoy Grazhdanskogo Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Spravochno-pravovaya sistema «Konsul'tantPlyus».
5. Postanovlenie Plenuma Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda ot 10 aprelya 2008 g. ¹ 22 «O nekotorykh voprosakh praktiki rassmotreniya sporov, svyazannykh s primeneniem stat'i 169 Grazhdanskogo Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Spravochno-pravovaya sistema «Konsul'tantPlyus».
6. Opredelenie Konstitutsionnogo Suda RF ot 08 aprelya 2010 g. ¹ 456-O-O «Ob otkaze v prinyatii k rassmotreniyu zhalob zakrytogo aktsionernogo obshchestva «Vikon» i grazhdanki Lokhovoy Alevtiny Pavlovny na narushenie Konstitutsionnykh prav i svobod punktom 1 stat'i 181 Grazhdanskogo Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Fedkratsii» // Spravochno-pravovaya sistema «Konsul'tantPlyus».