Abstract: The subject of the study is the legal relations that develop between the participants of a corporate agreement with a foreign element. Due to the specifics of this type of contract, not all types of foreign element lead to a cross-border nature, moreover, the amount of a person's participation in the authorized capital of a corporation matters. The issues of changes in the applicable law leading to the impossibility of execution of the corporate contract and the ways in which it is possible to protect the parties from these adverse consequences are investigated. The article analyzes the consequences of the special "volatility" of a corporate contract, which consists in the fact that it is more susceptible to various changes in the foreign element, in particular, related to the exit of a foreign participant from the corporation, the relocation of the corporation, the redomicilation procedure. The methodological basis of the research is the universal dialectical, logical, formal-legal, hermeneutic research methods. The comparative legal method was also used by involving the practice of conflict-of-laws regulation of the countries of the common system of law and Germany. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that mechanisms have been developed to maintain the balance of interests of the parties to a corporate contract with changes in applicable law, the consequences of relocation and redomicilation of the corporation have been determined, a proposal has been put forward on the amount of the participation share of a foreign participant necessary for the recognition of the contract as cross-border. The main conclusions are the following provisions: when determining the cross-border nature of a corporate contract, it is necessary to apply both a legal and an economic approach; the best way to level the risks of changes in applicable law is a conditional choice of applicable law; to determine the materiality of a foreign element, it is necessary to be guided by the norms of corporate legislation on dependent companies; relocation and redomicilation do not lead to a change in the conflict of laws choice of applicable law.

Keywords: conflicting choices, participants of the corporate agreement, personal law, redomicile, relocation, foreign element, corporate statute, shareholder agreement, cross-border corporate agreement, corporate agreement

References:
Har'kina, K. V. (2021). A cross-border corporate agreement: features of a foreign element. Actual Problems of Russian Law, Vol. 16 (9 (130)), 82 – 90. doi: 10.17803/1994-1471.2021.130.9.082-090.
Zvekov, V. P., Marysheva, N. I. (2006). The Law of Ukraine of 2005 «On Private International Law». Economy and law, №5, 118 - 129.
Asoskov, A. V. (2011). Cross-border and internal contracts: the limits of the autonomy of the will of the parties when choosing the applicable law. Civil law review, №4, 4 – 31.
Torremans Paul, Fawcett James J. (2017). Private International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Magnus, U. (2011). Staudinger's Commentary on the Civil Code: Rom I-VO Art 3. Berlin: Sellier.
Hook, Maria. (2016). The Choice of Law Contract. Oxford: Hart Publishing
Ioffe, O. S. (1942). Legal relationship under Soviet civil law. Leningrad: Publishing House of the Leningrad University
Shulakov, A. A. (2018). Differentiation between Internal and Cross-Border Legal Relationship. Actual Pr

Abstract: This article examines the general approaches (direct or portfolio investment, signing concessionary agreements) and particular aspects of the investment cooperation between Russian and China in form of investing into the objects of production and infrastructure in the territory of the Russian Far East, based on the fact that currently the development of these territories is one of the top priorities of the Russian Federation. The author provides the examples of “live” investment projects and investment contracts in the area under consideration; and also underlines the factors impeding such cooperation. The scientific novelty is substantiated by the approach, within the framework of which the attention is given to the problematic aspects of Russia-China investment cooperation from the standpoint of methods and prospects of their solution for the advancement of the Russian Far East. It is demonstrated that Russia-China cooperation has the potential, as well as the history; however, the actual steps depend of the intentions of both parties.

Keywords: infrastructure facility, production facility, concession agreement, portfolio investments, direct investments, investment cooperation, Russia, China, Far East, energy carriers

References:
Titarenko M.L. Geopoliticheskoe znachenie Dal'nego Vostoka. Rossiya, Kitay i drugie strany Azii. M. 2008. S. 43.
Belikova K.M. Investitsii Yuzhnoy Korei i Yaponii v rossiyskiy Dal'niy Vostok: sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy. // Gosudarstvenno-pravovye osnovy uskorennogo razvitiya Dal'nego Vostoka Rossii: monografiya / T.Ya. Khabrieva, Yu.A. Tikhomirov, L.V. Andrichenko i dr.; otv. red. Yu.A. Tikhomirov. — M.: Institut zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya pri Pravitel'stve Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2018. – S. 285-299 (301 s.).
Akhmadova M.A. Rossiysko-kitayskoe investitsionnoe sotrudnichestvo v sfere elektroenergetiki: pravovoy aspekt. // Problemy ekonomiki i yuridicheskoy praktiki. – 2018.-№ 2. – S. 172-178. URL: http://www.urvak.ru/articles/probl-vypusk-2-rossiysko-kitayskoe-investitsionnoe/ (data obrashcheniya: 07.12.2018).
Semochkina M.A. K voprosu o ponyatii inostrannykh investitsiy i ob'ektov investirovaniya. // Probely v rossiyskom zakonodatel'stve.-2014.-№ 1. – S. 74-76.
Ambitsii Pekina: chto prinosyat Rossii kit

Abstract: The subject of this research is the regulations of U. S Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, other acts and official documents of the President of the United States, U.S. Congress, U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as the United Nations, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, International Chamber of Commerce. The author also examines the arguments expressed by the politicians and scholars in the 1970’s – early 1980’s with regards to the Law on Foreign Corruption Practice of 1977. The article analyzes the U. S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) for determining the essence of the established criminal law and administrative rules. The research is conducted in the context of the global anticorruption initiatives and international processes of the 1970’s. The author demonstrates the conceptual and chronological correlation between the domestic lawmaking practice and international anticorruption initiatives of the United States of the 1970’s, aimed at counteracting corruption of the transnational corporations in developing countries.

Keywords: FCPA, international commercial transactions, bribery, illicit payments, transnational corporations, corruption, UN, OECD, ICC, developing countries

References:
Shirokov, O. N. Printsipy formirovaniya politiki «zashchity prav cheloveka» SShA i mekhanizm ee realizatsii na mezhdunarodnoy arene v kontse 60-kh — 70-e gody XX veka: istoricheskie aspekty problemy: dis. kand. ist. nauk: 07.00.15 / Shirokov Oleg Nikolaevich. N. Novgorod, 2001. 280 s.
Bakatin, D. V. Zakon SShA o korruptsionnoy deyatel'nosti za rubezhom. Nekotorye voprosy primeneniya i tolkovaniya / D. V. Bakatin, T. K. Kovaleva. M.: Izd-vo Mosk. un-ta, 2001. 78 s.
Baumik, S. K. Korruptsiya mozhet byt' unichtozhena tol'ko soglasovannymi deystviyami o vsem mire / S. K. Baumik // Aktual'nye problemy ekonomiki i prava. 2017. T. 11, № 1. S. 117-128.
Velasko Kal'deron, Kh. L. Kodeks povedeniya transnatsional'nykh korporatsiy (TNK) i mezhdunarodnoe pravo (na primere deyatel'nosti TNK v stranakh Latinskoy Ameriki): dis. kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.10 / Khose Luis Velasko Kal'deron. M., 1984. 189 s.
Wallace, C. D. The Multinational Enterprise and Legal Control: Host State Sovereignty in an Era of Economic Globalization / Cynthia Day Wallace. 2n

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the contemporary approaches towards political regulation of the international activity of modern multinational corporations on the institutional level. The object of this research is the international activity of multinational corporations, while the subject is the forms and methods of regulation of their international activity. The goal of this work consists in the attempt to characterize the existing form and methods of regulation of the international activity of multinational corporations (MNCs), as well as assess their efficiency. The author turns attention to the role of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in regulation of the international activity of multinational corporations, as well as peculiarities of application of the norms and positions of the “Behavioral Code of MNCs” and “Global Compact” of the United Nations. A conclusion is made that the existing forms and methods of normative legal regulation of the modern MNCs are not sufficiently effective, because the majority of them is reduced to encouragement of MNCs towards signing with the nation states of the so-called agreements and contracts, which usually carry a declarative character. At the same time, the voluntarily accepted by the multinational corporations, responsibilities are not mandatory in practice, but rather completely depend on free will of the owners of MNCs. Most of such contracts and agreements (for example, the “Behavioral Code of MNCs”) do not contain sanctions for violation of the norms, and as a result, international mechanism of their application is not expressed, which makes the aforementioned norms recommendatory. This, in turn, leads to the fact that the modern MNCs, with regards to international affairs, avoid control of their activity by the nation states and intergovernmental international organizations.

Keywords: diplomacy, international relations, global instability, world politics, global information space, geopolitics, interests, state, sequrity, risks

References:
Manoylo A.V. Global'naya nestabil'nost' na poroge novoy bol'shoy voyny // Mir i politika. 2012. № 12. S. 87-89.
Bocharnikov I.V. Terroristicheskaya gruppirovka «Islamskoe gosudarstvo» kak zakonomernoe sledstvie blizhnevostochnoy strategii SShA // Trendy i upravlenie. 2015. № 4. C. 395-402. DOI: 10.7256/2307-9118.2015.4.17007.
Karyakin V.V. Politicheskaya mediametriya: kniga o tom, kak chetvertaya vlast' pravit mirom // Konfliktologiya / nota bene. 2016. № 1. C. 86 - 89. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8965.2016.1.17755.
Karyakin V.V. Definitsiya i paradigmy geopoliticheskogo issledovaniya // Konfliktologiya / nota bene. 2015. № 4. C. 382 - 394. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8965.2015.4.17442.
Karpovich O.G. Sovremennye mezhdunarodnye konflikty i konfliktnye protivorechiya v formiruyushchemsya mnogopolyarnom mire // Trendy i upravlenie. 2016. № 2. C. 153-161. DOI: 10.7256/2307-9118.2016.2.16608.
Lasariya A.O. Noveyshiy etap formirovaniya abkhazskoy gosudarstvennosti // Konfliktologiya / nota bene. 2015. № 4. C. 430 - 435. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8965.2015