Abstract: The subject of this study is the prerequisites for the development of the rehabilitation of Nazism on the territory of the Russian Federation after the collapse of the USSR, as well as the issues of regulation of this phenomenon in the history of post-Soviet legislation. The author pays special attention to substantiating the reasons for the appearance of followers of Nazism in Russia and notes that the reason for this was the sharp decline in the political, cultural, moral, economic spheres of society in the 1990s, the lack of due attention to the level of education, which affected the general intellectual and spiritual state of Russian youth. It is noted that attempts to stop the development of Nazism on the territory of the state have been repeatedly made. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is a comprehensive analysis of the rehabilitation of Nazism as a deviation, where both historical and legal aspects of such a phenomenon are considered. Explanations of the criminalization of the rehabilitation of Nazism, as well as the problems of the considered corpus delicti, are given. The author claims that the appearance of a new legal norm in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation has not facilitated law enforcement, since due to errors in legal technique and the construction of the norm as a whole, the lack of definitions for a clearer understanding of the actions that make up the objective side of the present corpus delicti, complicates the activities to identify and bring to justice under this norm.

Keywords: Falsification of evidence, Tokyo Tribunal, Fascism, Communism, Deviations, Extremism, Nuremberg Tribunal, USSR collapse, Reabilitation of Nazism, Nazism

References:
Antonyan, Y.M. (2008). Anti-scientific attempts to justify Nazism in modern Russia (pp. 184-188). Russian criminological view, 4. Moscow.
Bashtanikova, E.V., & Aliyeva, T.A. (2019). Actual problems of legal regulation of the fight against the rehabilitation of Nazism . Crimes against peace: a collection of scientific papers (pp. 170-174). Ed. B. V. Yatselenko. Moscow.
Molchanov, D.M. Information security as a priority direction of criminal policy of Russia. Criminal law. Development strategy in the XXI century. The main directions of modern criminal policy, 1, 44. Moscow.
Pestereva, Y. S., Pomelov, P. V. (2017). On the issue of legal defects of Article 354.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Bulletin of the Omsk Law Academy, 14(3), 47.
Ursul, V.I. (2008) On the question of Nazism in modern Russia. Army and Society, 3, 64-65.
Shenfield, S.D. (1998) Comparison of W

Abstract: The institution of superficiality originated in Ancient Rome and exists in various models today in the legal systems of many countries, which proves the high value and universality of this legal structure. He was analyzed as classics of the law of the past centuries, and there are modern leading civilists. However, as our research has shown, not all the achievements of foreign specialists in the field of civil law are available to domestic theorists. This is explained both by the significant amount of accumulated information itself and by the difficulty of choosing it when preparing specific scientific publications. The author understands the monumentality of the raised problem and sought to focus on those aspects of it that other Russian scientists do not always pay attention to in their publications. The novelty of the undertaken research is the introduction into the domestic scientific circulation of modern English-language publications on the legal regulation of superficies in the countries of Eastern and Central Europe and Japan. The relevance of the article is seen in an attempt to use the examples of foreign legislation to assess the prospects for using this concept to improve Russian legislation.
In addition to the formal legal method, which is traditionally the main tool for the author, the comparative legal method, typology and classification were used in the preparation of the article. The object of the study is legal relations mediated by the institute of superficies. The subject of the study is the legislative acts of modern foreign states and the norms of law governing super-official relations in earlier historical periods.

Keywords: lease obligations, private law, divided ownership, owner, land plot, construction, land, right of ownership, right of superficies, real right

References:
Dozhdev, D. V., gen. ed. (2020). Gai's institutions = Gai Institutionum commentarii quattuor: text, trans. from Latin, comment. Moscow: Statute.
Sanfilippo, C. (2007). Course of Roman private law: textbook. Moscow: Norma.
Novitsky, I. B. (2022). Fundamentals of Roman civil law: textbook. Moscow: Prospekt.
Leontyeva, E. A., Em M. (2011). Inheritance law of development: German experience. Bulletin of Civil Law, 6, 30-61.
Bibikov, A. I. (2015). The Roman legal model of development law and its perception in domestic doctrine and legislation. Lex russica (Russian law), 98(1), 41-50.
Ivanova, E. Yu. (2021). Problems of construction lease in judicial practice and the project of introducing development rights into domestic legislation. Bulletin of Civil Law, 21(2), 149-174. doi:10.24031/1992-2043-2021-21-2-149-174
Kruglova, O. A. (2012). Development law in modern Russian civil law

Abstract: This article reviews the constitutional evolution of Russia and Mexico in order to determine the causes for their current differences regarding their policies and governance systems after sharing similar characteristics during their political and economic liberalization period over three decades ago. The subject of this research are constitutional amendments, their frequency by type (article or section) and initiators (institutions and actors) in both countries. Results are compared with the main theories of the main experts in the field as well as speeches by leading government figures to identify and explain discrepancies. The goal consists in finding the causes and purposes of constitutional amendments to determine a hierarchy of actors and their capacity and instruments required in establishing national policies. In order to achieve the research goal, the author carries out a comparative analysis regarding the evolution of both nations at a political and constitutional level, furthermore, external threats are analyzed regarding their ability to influence the decisions behind the main actors regarding the overall course of both nations. In conclusion, the author underlines the importance in initial position of the country within the larger order of nations as a determinant in its course regardless of the implementation of foreign policies and practices. In the same manner, the role of the Mexican and Russian presidents as regulators of the internal power dynamics and overall system of governance is noted in both countries. This article represents a conceptual framework for supporting constitutional studies in the context of comparative analysis to assess the capacity of government institutions in reacting to the challenges of their external context. The detailed theoretical and practical approach towards analyzing constitutional amendments was conducted by means of comparing a quantitative and qualitative analysis that allowed determining the prospects of a standardized system for future comparative studies.

Keywords: international trade, globalization, referendums, institutional instruments, state institutions, presidential agenda, President, external challenges, law, Constitutional amendments

References:
Anaya, A. (2010). Internalización de las normas internacionales de derechos humanos en México: el papel del Programa Nacional de Derechos Humanos 2008-2012. Documentos de Trabajo CIDE, 199, 10-12.
Arroyo García, I. (2014). El Nuevo diseño de poderes en el constituyente mexicano, 1916-1917: coaliciones parlamentarias y poder judicial. México a la luz de sus revoluciones, 2, 253-292.
Blancarte, R. J. (2001). Laicidad y secularización en México. Estudios Sociológicos, 57, 843-855.
Chilcote, R. (1967). Cambio estructural y desarrollo: la experiencia mexicana. Desarrollo Económico, 25, 859-875.
Durand Ponte, V. M., Smith Martins, M.M. (1997). La educación y la cultura política en México: una relación agotada. Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 2, 41-74.
Dussel Peters, E., & Kim, K. S. (1992). De la liberalizacion commercial a la integracion economica: e

Abstract: Political renewal and international integration are two strategic tasks, two issues with reciprocal dialectical relationship, promote each other in the process of realizing the common goal of building and developing the country according to the socialist orientation in Vietnam. The purpose of the article is to clarify the relationship between political reform and international integration in Vietnam over the past time. Highlight achievements in the process of political reform and international integration in Vietnam; thereby presenting the problem that Vietnam faces in resolving the relationship between political reform and international integration today. Based on the analyzed results, solutions are proposed for resolving the relationship between political reform and international integration in Vietnam, including meeting the requirements of ensuring political stability in Vietnam in the coming period according to the 13th Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The relationship between political innovation and international integration is a dialectical one; is a major relationship that needs to be addressed synchronously and systematically in Vietnam. With the achievements of the Doi Moi in the process of political reform and international integration over the past time, it has been confirmed that the leadership line of the Communist Party of Vietnam is correct and suitable for the times. In the coming period, Vietnam will continue to offer solutions to enhance its position in the international arena, creating new positions and forces for this country.

Keywords: Doi Moi, 13th Congress, Political, political stability, international relations, settlement of relations, political system, Communist Party of Vietnam, Integration, problem

References:
Bui Thanh Son, ed. (2015). International integration and issues facing Vietnam: Reference book. Publisher National Politics — The Truth, Hanoi. (In Vietnamese)
Vu Van Hien (2020). Recognizing and resolving the relationship between independence, autonomy and international integration [Electronic resource]. Information page of the Central Theoretical Council, release date 19/07/2020. URL: http://hdll.vn/vi/nghien-cuu—trao-doi/nhan-thuc-va-giai-quyet-moi-quan-he-giua-doc-lap-tu-chu-va-hoi-nhap-quoc-te.html (accessed: 09.08/2022). (In Vietnamese)
Dang Hoang Linh (2022). Achievements of Vietnam's Diplomacy [Electronic resource]. Release date 08/02/2022. URL: https://www.quanlynhanuoc.vn/2022/02/08/nhung-thanh-tuu-cua-ngoai-giao-viet-nam/ (accessed: 20.07.2022). (In Vietnamese)
Do Son Hai (2014). Vietnam's International Integration: From Theory to Practice // Journal Communism (855). (In Vietnamese)
Communist Party of Vietnam (2006). Document of the 10th National Congress of Deputies. Publisher Nati

Abstract: The article focuses on a comparative analysis of existing approaches regarding the compliance of the artificial intelligence (AI) designed for public purposes in foreign countries and Russia with the current national strategies and regulatory approaches. As part of the study, the research identified the basic problems in the field of transparency in the decision-making of artificial intelligence, specified challenges to implicit regulatory nature for AI in the public sphere arising from the technical design of AI systems designed by developers; suggested theoretical and practical situations of using artificial intelligence that does not comply with the principles of designing AI on the basis of fundamental legal norms; and outlined possible compensatory legal measures that ensure the safe integration of artificial intelligence into the Russian public sphere.
The subject of the study covers the issues of the influence of the design of artificial intelligence on its subsequent application in the public sphere.
The object of the study focuses on the normative documents, recommendations and other documents regulating the issues of artificial intelligence preoccupation for public legal relations in Russia and foreign countries, judicial practice, academic publications and analytical reports on the issues under study.
The research methodology integrates a complex of modern philosophical, general scientific, special scientific methods of cognition, including dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, hermeneutical, comparative legal, formal legal (dogmatic), etc.
Within the framework of this study, special emphasis is placed on the implementation of a comparative legal study of the problems of designing artificial intelligence and its subsequent application within the public law field in the context of the problems inherent in the basic stage of creation. Subsequently, potential scenarios for regulating responsibility for AI actions are identified.
The research has resulted in asset of measures that can be applied in the legislative and law enforcement practice of relevant authorities implementing the integration of artificial intelligence into the sphere of public relations in Russia, as well as in the scientific field in order to determine subsequent vectors for analyzing the minimization of AI bias as a result of incorrect technology design in violation of the basic legal structures.

Keywords: law enforcement practice, information law, administrative law, public law, secure AI, biased by AI, tech design, comparative legal research of AI, electronic face, artificial intelligence

References:
Citron, D. K. (2007). Technological due process. Wash. UL Rev., 85, 1249.
Roth, A. (2015). Trial by machine. Geo. LJ, 104, 1245.
Stilgoe, J., & Guston, D. (2016). Responsible research and innovation. MIT Press.
Lessig, L. (2006). Code 2.0: Code and other laws of cyberspace.
Goldberg, I., & Wagner, D. (1998). TAZ servers and the rewebber network.
Villani C. et al. For a meaningful artificial intelligence: Towards a French and European strategy. Conseil national du numérique: [Website]. — URL: https://www.aiforhumanity.fr/pdfs/MissionVillani_Report_ENG-VF.pdf (Accessed: 17.05.2023).
Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence. A Presidential Document by the Executive Office of the President on 02/14/2019: [Website]. — URL: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/02/14/2019-02544/maintaining-american-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence (Accessed: 17.05.2023).
Germany AI Strategy Report: [Website]. &

Abstract: The author discusses the transformation of legal skills in the field of criminal justice in connection with the development and introduction of digital technologies. This issue is examined in the context of three groups of lawyer skills, such as communication skills, the possibility of using digital technologies in case analysis and position development, as well as the possibilities of document management in the context of digitalization and the use of digital technologies in the preparation of procedural documents. The subject of the research is both the skills themselves and the new opportunities that have appeared with the development of digitalization: remote communication capabilities, web forms for interviewing, chatbots, automated information search engines and artificial intelligence capabilities for case analysis, technical capabilities that help to find and present evidence in court, document designers, thanks to which one can create various forms of documents, submission of procedural documents to the court in the form of an electronic document. The article concludes that the introduction of digital technologies into the activities of both preliminary investigation and court bodies is becoming a natural stage in the development of the entire criminal proceedings and for the first time new digital opportunities are being considered in relation to the skills of a lawyer in criminal proceedings. In the article, in relation to each group of skills, those technical capabilities that can and should be used in practice are indicated, and, accordingly, those professional skills that a lawyer working in the field of criminal proceedings should possess. It is concluded that some of the considered digital technologies have already become firmly established in the practice of lawyers working in criminal cases, some are just being introduced and are being distributed.

Keywords: lawyer, investigator, information technology, artificial intelligence, skills, criminal justice, digitalization, electronic document, document constructor, proof

References:
Bulakova, E. Yu., Voskobitova, L. A., Voskobitova M. R. and others. (2006). Адвокат: навыки профессионального мастерства [Lawyer: professional skills]. Voskobitova, L. A., Lukyanova, I. N., Mikhailova, L.P. (Ed.). Moscow: Wolters Kluver.
Maksimova, T. Yu., Rubinstein, E. A. (2022). Профессиональные навыки работы юриста в уголовном судопроизводстве: учебное пособие [Professional skills of a lawyer in criminal proceedings: study guide]. Rubinstein, E. A. (Ed.). M.: Norma: INFRA-M.
Dudarev, V.A. Опыт цифровизации уголовного судопроизводства в зарубежных странах и Российской Федерации [Experience of digitalization of criminal justice in foreign countries and the Russian Federation]. International criminal law and international justice, 2, 15-17.
Petrovskaya, E. Цукерберг в твоей гостиной: кто и зачем использует голограммы [Zuckerberg in your living room: who uses holograms and why]. Retrieved from https://trends.rbc.ru/trends/industry/620f4a579a79475f52f7dd39.
Samsonova, M. V., Streltsova, E. G.,

Abstract: The subject of this paper’s research is the peculiarities of legal regulation and development of the e-commerce market during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author examines in detail the concept of "e-commerce," which is understood as an economic sphere that combines trade and financial transactions that are carried out through contactless interaction of the parties involved. The article also analyzes the system of legal regulation of the e-commerce market and identifies trends for further improvement.

Particular attention is paid to the impact of the pandemic on civil law turnover, resulting in the e-commerce market becoming the dominant commodity exchange in the Russian Federation. The study provides statistics on commodity exchange on online platforms for 2021–2022, which has grown significantly compared to previous years.

The author’s main conclusions are that the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the processes of digitalization in all spheres of public life, as a result of which trade and financial transactions, for the most part, began to be carried out via the Internet and laid the foundation of the digital economy; to date, electronic commerce has become predominant, but is not devoid of shortcomings of legal regulation; trends of strengthening digital transformation are aimed at delineating the legal status and responsibility of participants in trade ("marketplace," "online store," etc.), expanding the list of types of digital assets and determining their legal regime (account, etc.).

Keywords: marketplace, aggregator owner, digital rights, civil relations, digital transformation, e-commerce, COVID-19, civil law turnover, digital economy, digital assets

References:
On the national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.05.2018 No. 204. (2018). Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 97, p. 27.
On amendments to parts one, two and article 1124 of part three of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation: Federal Law No. 34-FZ of March 18, 2019. (2019). Consultant Plus ATP. http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_320398/3d0cac60971a511280cbba229d9b6329c07731f7/ (date of access: 09/29/2022)
The Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part One): Federal Law No. 51-FZ of November 30, 1994 (as amended on December 21, 2021) (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on December 29, 2021). (2021). SPS Consultant A Plus. http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_9027/ (date of access: 29.09.2022)
Rakitsky, V. V. (2020). Legal regulation of electronic commerce in Russia. Modern Science, 10(1), pp. 182–185.
Who le

Abstract: This article examines the place of e-government in the system of public administration. The topic's relevance is due to the universal digitalization of public relations, including the sphere of public administration. E-government is a new format of interaction between the state and society based on the use of modern information and communication technologies, which needs theoretical justification. The methods of scientific analysis and synthesis, deduction, and induction, as well as methods of description, comparison, and analysis of secondary data, are used in the work. The article reflects on the issue of the development of e-government in Russia. The object of this study is the social relations that arise during the creation and functioning of the e-government system. The author formulates the conclusion that e-government in the Russian Federation is in continuous development and is also an important tool for the development of the digital economy, which requires a revision of the digital skills of civil servants. At the moment, there is already a trend toward training personnel for digital public administration. It is revealed that in the Russian Federation, e-government, which is an important tool for the development of the digital economy, is in continuous development. There is already a tendency to transition to electronic records. To get the maximum benefit from digital transformations in public administration, a new approach to the formation of the competencies of a modern civil servant is required because the lack of the necessary level of training can serve as a serious barrier to improving the efficiency of public administration. Information technologies are dynamic and rapidly undergoing changes. As a result, the existing requirements for civil servants cease to be relevant in the period of digital transformation. The legislation of the Russian Federation defines that the requirements for the knowledge, skills, and skills of civil servants are established by official regulations. Therefore, the competence model should be adapted for each specific position, taking into account the specifics of the activities of the authority.

Keywords: Internet, information and communication technologies, scientific and technological progress, information society, public authority, digitalization, e-government, electronic state, electronic democracy, democracy

References:
What is "e-government": Analytical review. (2008). Institute for the Development of Freedom of Information. St. Petersburg. [Electronic resource]. http://www.svobodainfo.org/en/node/339. (date of access 05.02.2022).
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation № 65. (2002) On the federal target program "Electronic Russia" (2002–2010). Collection of Legislation of RF, (5), 531.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation № 313. (2014). Information Society (2011–2020). Collection of Laws of the Russian Federation, (18), 2159.
Melnikova, T. S. (2018). Electronic government: educational and methodical manual. Saratov. p. 73.
Lolaeva, A. S. (2021). E-government in Russia: prospects for further development. Constitutional and Municipal Law, (10), pp. 19–22.
Uniform portal for public services. https://www.gosuslugi.ru (date of access 05.02.2022).
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 24.10.2011 № 861 (

Abstract: This article examines the impact of the need for maintaining physical and social distancing between people caused by the epidemiological situation upon the organizational-legal means of the Russian judicial system. This implies the concept of “smart” regulation with the use of both traditional means of legal regulation (prohibitions, permits, obligations, sanctions, incentives) and tools of psychological, educational, and information influence. At the same time, distancing is viewed as a factor that prompts changes in the forms of legal activity, as well as the result of transformations taking place in society. Such organizational-legal means affected by the need for physical and social distancing, suggest using video conferencing systems, online sessions, change in the procedure for submitting procedural and other documents, familiarization with audio protocols of court hearing and other documents in digital format, as well as restrictions for presence in the courthouse. The author determines the advantages and disadvantages of the innovations. The conclusion is made that such restrictions must be temporary only to avoid violating the principles of transparency and openness of judicial proceedings.

Keywords: legal procedure, transformation of law, COVID-19, information and communication technologies, Internet, distancing, legal activity, digitalization, smart regulation, organizational and legal means

References:
Gunningham, Neil and Sinclair, Darren 2017. Smart Regulation. In book: Regulatory Theory. Foundations and applications. Ed. by Peter Drahos, Canberra, Australia. P. 133-148. DOI: 10.22459/RT.02.2017.08.
Aora, Seema and Cason, Timothy N 1995. ‘An Experiment in Voluntary Regulation: Participation in EPA's 33/50 Program’ Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 28: 271-286.
Sunstein, Cass R., Nudges.gov: Behavioral Economics and Regulation (February 16, 2013). Forthcoming, Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Economics and the Law (Eyal Zamir and Doron Teichman eds.).
Zetzsche, D., Buckley, R., Arner, D., et al., 2017. Regulating a Revolution: From Regulatory Sandboxes to Smart Regulation, EBI Working Paper Series, no. 11. UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia).
Nowag J., Groussat X. From Better Regulation to Better Adjudication? Impact Assessment and the Court of Justice’s Review / The EU Better Regulation Agenda: A Critical Assessment / ed. S. Graben, I. Govaere. – Hart Publishing Ltd, 2018. – 185 p

Abstract: This article carries out a comparative legal analysis of the constitutional legal consolidation of the principles of egalitarian education in Russia and Finland. The majority of national education systems represent the so-called hybrid systems, in which egalitarian foundations coexist with certainty elitist elements. First and foremost, it is associated with the need to ensure practical orientation of education for maintaining competitiveness of the countries that are capable of inventing innovative technologies. The achievement of humanistic goals of education remains important. Articulating the problem of whether to allocate budgetary funds to support students with outstanding talent, or rather support those experiencing difficulties with access to education. The object of this research is the legal relations in the area of exercising the right to basic public education. The author’s special contribution consists in articulation of the problem of clarifying the social effectiveness of egalitarian and elitist models of education on the example of legislation of Russia and Finland. Leaning on the conceptual and international legal principles of equality in education, a comparative legal analysis is conducted on the constitutional legal consolidation of equal opportunities in receiving basic public education in Russia and Finland. It is noted that the differences in the structure of education system, mostly egalitarian in Finland and rather elitist in Russia, depend not only on the availability of resources, but also on the political choice of the past, present and oriented towards the future.

Keywords: Constitution of Finland, elitist education, egalitarian education, equality of opportunity, rights of the child, Constitution of Russia, the right to education, availiability of education, Federal law on Education in Russia, non-discrimination

References:
Berezhnova, L. i Afanasmev, M. (2016) Spetsifika pedagogicheskoi podgotovki kadrov v istorii obrazovaniya Rossii (XVIII-seredina XIX vv.), Spetsifika pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya v regionakh Rossii, 1(9), s. 40-42.
Glushchenko, I.V. (2015) Sovetskii prosvetitel'skii proekt: likvidatsiya negramotnosti sredi vzroslykh v 1920–1930e gody, Voprosy obrazovaniya, 2, s. 246-282.
Davydovich, A.R. (2016) Shkol'noe pitanie: uroki istorii, Rossiiskie regiony: vzglyad v budushchee, 3(3), s. 87-102.
Zhidkov, I.V. i dr. (2016) Sravnitel'nyi analiz shkol'nogo pitaniya SSSR i sovremennoi Rossii, Vestnik Nauki i Tvorchestva, 1(1), s. 38-43.
Kalinina, E.A. (2012) Shkol'naya reforma Aleksandra I i "Polozhenie ob uchilishchakh" 1804 goda, Trudy istoricheskogo fakul'teta Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 11, s. 192-202.
Komitet OON po ekonomicheskim, sotsial'nym i kul'turnym pravam, Zamechanie obshchego poryadka № 13 "Obrazovanie."
Sycheva, L. (2012) Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie v Rossii v 2000-2012 gg. Mod

Abstract: The subject of this research is the interdisciplinary legal and computer research tools and methods. The authors substantiate the interdisciplinary (legal-computational) methodology for automated analysis and assessment of qualitative changes in legislation and law enforcement practice. Interim results of the research project that are of methodological nature and cover methodological paradigm, principles, means and methods of scientific research are provided. The formulated conclusions represent a summary of heuristic search and computational experiments carried out in the domain field of administrative tort law, as well as comprehension of the process and results of research from both, legal and computer perspectives. Explanation is given to the interdisciplinary paradigm in the indicated methodological area. Leaning on the empirical evidence and observations, the author formulates the three research principles: principle of heterogeneity of domain, principle of discreteness of legal practice, and principle of identity of the model. As the key research tools, the author substantiates and tests in computational experiments the scientific information-analytical system, mathematical and social indicators have been developed, justified and tested in computational experiments. Computer methods (knowledge modeling, natural language processing, machine learning) that ensure automation of identification and usage of indicators mate with the dogmatic method, systemic analysis and expert assessment responsible for legal interpretation of computations.  The legal and computer tools are determined for identification and usage of the principal indicators. In conclusion, the author outlines a number of problems and restrictions determined in the course of the conducted research.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data, digital state, administrative responsibility, optimization of law, efficiency of law, computer methods, indicators, interdisciplinary study

References:
Dung P. M. On the acceptability of arguments and its fundamental role in nonmonotonic reasoning, logic programming and n-person games // Artificial Intelligence. 1995. Vol. 77, № 2. Pp. 321–357.
Yassine B. T., Nourredine F., Samir B., Idrissi M. K. The homogeneity indicator of learners in project-based learning // International Journal of Computer Science Issues. 2014. Vol. 11, № 1. Pp. 188–194.
Trofimov E. V., Metsker O. G., Petrov M. V. Komp'yuterno-yuridicheskaya metodologiya kachestvennoy otsenki optimizatsii zakonodatel'stva i sudebnoy praktiki na osnove analiza bol'shikh dannykh: metody i metriki na primere administrativno-deliktnoy sfery // Aktual'nye voprosy razvitiya gosudarstvennosti i publichnogo prava: materialy VI mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. (Sankt-Peterburg, 25 sent. 2020 g.) / redkol.: D. V. Rybin (pred.) [i dr.]. SPb.: S.-Peterb. in-t (fil.) VGUYu (RPA Minyusta Rossii), 2020. 218 s. S. 175–178. DOI: 10.47645/978-5-6044512-3-6_2020_1_175.
Goutte C., Gaussier E. A Probabilistic interpretation of preci

Abstract: Manifestation of the new methods of scientific research based on computational processing of high volumes of data (experimental, statistical, secondary information, etc.) led to broadening of the methods of scientific cognition, as well as to changes in the processes of legitimation of new knowledge. The article examines separate aspects of the indicated changes, and raises a question on the need for more accurate and systematic monitoring and analysis over the processes of changing the mechanisms of legitimation of scientific knowledge, obtained within the framework of “science based on big data”. The conclusion is made that in the context of the Fourth Paradigm (Data-Intensive Science) is being formed the fourth strategy for legitimation of scientific knowledge – “digital legitimation”. The knowledge generated by data-intensive science is legitimized virtually by complexity and scale of technologies used for its acquisition. The author underlines the need for thorough analysis of the “digital” type of legitimation due to the fact that the expansion of digital method for production of scientific results bears a number of risks. Particularly, alongside with accumulation of inaccuracies and deterioration in the quality of scientific examination, most severe risks consist in possibility of science being caught into the institutional development traps, as well as in exacerbation of the existing systemic crisis.

Keywords: Science Governance, Science Development, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Digital Technologies, Digital Transformation, Legitimation of Knowledge, Fourth paradigm, Digital World, Risk Management

References:
Reinsel D., Gantz J., Rydning J. The Digitization of the World - From Edge to Core / Data Age 2025. An IDC White Paper – Doc # US44413318. - Framingham: IDC, 2018. - 28 p.
Kusaykin D. Zettabayt dannykh - eto skol'ko? Schitaem v knigakh, grammakh i smartfonakh // Nag.News. 17 avgusta 2018 g. URL: https://nag.ru/articles/article/101832/zettabayt-dannyih-eto-skolko-schitaem-v-knigah-grammah-i-smartfonah.html (data obrashcheniya: 01.11.2020).
Mirovoy ob'em dannykh v 2020 godu sostavit 59 zettabayt // Mail.ru Cloud Solutions. 8 iyunya 2020 g. URL: https://mcs.mail.ru/blog/mirovoj-obem-dannyh-v-2020-godu-sostavit-59-zettabajt (data obrashcheniya: 01.11.2020).
Shcherbina E. Ot tsifry k smyslu. O tsifrovykh metodakh v gumanitarnykh naukakh // TASS. Nauka. 26 noyabrya 2017 g. URL: https://tass.ru/sci/6821138 (data obrashcheniya: 01.11.2020),
The Fourth Paradigm: Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery / Eds. T. Hey, S. Tansley, K. Tolle. Rednond, WA: Microsoft Research, 2009. – 284 p.
Karelin V.M. Sovremennyy universitet pered legitima

Abstract: The subject of this article is the comparison of the legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan with regards to regulation of the establishment and activity of political parties. Multi-party system became a new phenomenon for both countries at the turn of the XXI century, and one of the tasks faced by the states consisted in its proper normative regulation. History of the countries did not provide adequate source material for the establishment of genuine multi-party system. The political parties basically functioned in the atmosphere of legal vacuum, which attached the attributes of chaos to the political life. Despite the common starting point along with the external similarity of party system in Russia and Kazakhstan, the legislation on parties has national specificity. Kazakhstan's legislation at the constitutional level enshrines the importance of parties for public life of the country. The first law on political parties was adopted in 1996, while the effective law has a different conceptual framework – it arguably became the product of evolution of the party system and corresponds with its current state. Russian legislation on political parties has a shorter history, and clearly is in a formative stage, which is testified by a number of amendments made to the corresponding federal law. However, the legislation of both Russia and Kazakhstan has a number of advantages that should be considered in further improvement of the normative legal base, which is especially relevant in a time of political transformation that affected both countries.

Keywords: Russia, right of association, constitutional rights, multi party system, party system, political party, Kazakhstan, public associations, the State Duma, Majilis

References:
Zhakupov R.E. Voprosy sovershenstvovaniya zakonodatel'stva Respubliki Kazakhstan o politicheskikh partiyakh // Vestnik Instituta zakonodatel'stva i pravovoy informatsii RK. 2019. №3 (57). S. 126-134.
Doktrina partii «NҰR OTAN» // Asylov K.Zh. Politicheskie partii sovremennogo Kazakhstana / god obshchey redaktsiey Z.K. Shaukenovoy, A.S. Zholdybalinoy. Astana: KISI pri Prezidente RK, 2018. S. 110-120.
Zaretskiy A.M. Istochniki finansirovaniya politicheskikh partiy Respubliki Kazakhstan // Evraziyskaya advokatura. 2019. № 4. S. 114-118.
Zakon SSSR ot 9 oktyabrya 1990 g. № 1708-1 «Ob obshchestvennykh ob'edineniyakh» // Vedomosti SND i VS SSSR. 17.10.1990. № 42. St. 839.
Programma partii «NҰR OTAN» do 2030 goda // URL: https://nurmedia.kz/ru/uploads/pdf/programru.pdf (Data obrashcheniya: 05.07.2020)
Federal'nyy zakon ot 11 iyulya 2001 goda № 95-FZ «O politicheskikh partiyakh» // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2001. № 29. St. 2950.
Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan ot 2 iyulya 1996 g. № 16-I O politicheskikh partiyakh // Ve

Abstract: The object of this research is the public relations in the area of functionality of the trade aggregators online. The subject of this research is the normative legal acts regulating these public relations. A definition is provided to the trade aggregators, with emphasis on the key disadvantages of e-commerce for consumers from the perspective of application of such tools. The author examines foreign experience of legislative regulation of e-commerce, as well as underlines one of the crucial problems in regulation of e-commerce relations consisting in responsibility for the quality of information, published by the seller within the framework of indicated aggregators. As evidenced by practice, online purchase of goods involves various risks and conflict situations, which should be taken into account by all e-commerce participants. It is noted that the activity of aggregators intensify competition in e-commerce. Thus, the author suggest to enshrine a universal definition of Internet aggregators not in the sectoral legislation, but in Law No. 149-FZ of July 27, 2006  “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection". Only then would be possible to establish responsibility of the trade aggregators in sectoral legislation (for example, in the area of transportation services, communications, commerce, etc.).

Keywords: Russia, responsibility, consumer, seller, buyer, commodity aggregatore, e-commerce, protection of rights, Internet, information broker

References:
Strelets I.A., Chebanov S.V. Tsifrovizatsiya mirovoy torgovli: masshtaby, formy, posledstviya // Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. 2020. T. 64. № 1. S. 15-25.
Nevskaya A.A., Kondeev A.V. Razvitie elektronnoy torgovli v areale «Bol'shoy Evrazii»: o vozmozhnostyakh uchastiya Rossii // Rossiyskiy ekonomicheskiy zhurnal. 2019. № 3. S. 107-115.
Mitrofanova E.A. Ponyatie, pravovaya priroda, sub'ekty elektronnoy torgovli dlya tseley nalogooblozheniya // Zakon i pravo. 2019. №9. S. 85-89.
Korobitsyn D.O. Osobennosti kommercheskoy deyatel'nosti v sfere interneta // Sovremennye aspekty ekonomiki. 2020. № 4 (272). S. 120-123.
Klimchenya L.S., Zapol'skiy A.V. Elektronnye torgovye ploshchadki kak instrument vovlecheniya v elektronnuyu torgovlyu // Vesti Instituta predprinimatel'skoy deyatel'nosti. 2020. № 1 (22). S. 59-65.
Ivanova N.I., Vlezkova V.I. Transgranichnaya elektronnaya torgovlya: mirovoy opyt i rossiyskaya praktika // Problemy razvitiya predpriyatiy: teoriya i praktika. 2019. № 1-2. S. 175-178.
Dolya A.A., Odintsova T.M. Inter

Abstract: The subject of this research is the analysis of mechanisms of compensation for property damages causes by commission of a crime that are implemented in foreign legal systems. The object of this research is the texts of normative legal acts, case law materials from a number of European and Asian countries, as well as legal research on the topic. Familiarization with foreign experience of compensation for crime damages can present interest for Russian researchers, and serve as the basis for developing substantiated empirical recommendations on improvements to the system of current Russian legislation. The author determined a number of common development trends of the mechanisms of compensation of damages to the victims of crimes in foreign law. Among these trends are the recognition of the need to strengthen protection of the rights of victims; creation of several alternative mechanisms of compensation for criminal damages, with the choice left to the actual victim; creation of public compensation funds, intended to ensure reparation of the violated rights of citizens in cases where crime was unsolved or property of the criminal was insufficient to fully compensate damages incurred by the victim.

Keywords: Germany, UK, comparative law, victim of crime, crime, harm, France, China, India, Japan

References:
Khasanshina, R.G., Muratova, N.G. Problemy sovershenstvovaniya kompensatsionnykh mekhanizmov zashchity prav poterpevshikh ot prestupleniy v svete obshchepriznannykh norm i printsipov mezhdunarodnogo prava / R.G. Khasnashina, N.G. Muratova // Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya «Ekonomika i pravo», 2014, № 4. S. 190-196.
Dyurkgeym, E. Norma i patologiya [Elektronnyy resurs] / E. Dyurkgeym. Biblioteka «Gumer». URL: http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Sociolog/Durkgeim/Norm_Pat.php (data obrashcheniya: 10.05.2020).
Mikhael's, R. Funktsional'nyy metod sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. [Elektronnyy resurs] / R. Mikhael's // Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava, 2010, № 1. Dostup iz SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Vozmeshchenie material'nogo vreda poterpevshim. Sravnitel'no-pravovoe issledovanie: Nauchno-prakticheskoe posobie. [Elektronnyy resurs] / otv. red. S.P. Kubantsev. M., IZiSP, Kontrakt, 2016. Dostup iz SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Nicholas J. McBride, Roderick Bagshaw Tort Law Sixth edition. Pearson Education, 2018. – 888 p.
Ivanov, D.A. Mezhdunarodnye

Abstract: The subject of this research consists in the analysis of the experience of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on reform of the system of taxation of oil and natural gas extraction, which can present significant interest for Russian executive branch and researchers in the conditions of reform of Russian natural resource legislation, as well as introduction of the excess profit tax (Article 25.4 of the Taxation Code of the Russian Federation). Moreover, this is the first Russian-language writer article on exploring the content of the new PRC law “On Resource Tax”, which will be enacted from September 1, 2020. Based on the works of Russian, American, and Chinese scholars alongside Russia’s and China’s legislations, the article employs the method of synchronized and diachronic (historical) comparison and general scientific methods (formal-logical, analysis, synthesis) for determining peculiarities of China’s approach towards execution of legal reforms. The following specificities of China’s legal reforms were determined: preliminary formulation of goals of the legislative changes at the highest levels of state government, testing of the legislative changes in the territories of separate provinces, priority of goals of national development over budget revenue, adaptation of traditions of China’s legal technique to the requirements of foreign investors. The conclusions made in this research can be of interest for lawmakers, as well as all parties interested in comparative legal studies.  

Keywords: tax history, income tax, foreign investment, tax reform, China, mining, comparative law, taxation, environmental tax, natural resource payments

References:
Gorbunova E.N. K voprosu ob otmene eksportnoy poshliny na neft' i nefteprodukty // Tamozhennoe delo, 2019, № 2. Dostup iz SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Yalbulganov A.A. Ponyatie i sistema prirodoresursnykh platezhey v Rossiyskoy Federatsii i v drugikh gosudarstvakh EAES [Elektronnyy resurs] // Publichno-pravovye issledovaniya (elektronnyy zhurnal), 2016, № 1. Dostup iz SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Laney Zhang China: Law on Resource Tax Passed [Elektronnyy resurs] // Law Library of Congress USA URL: http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/china-law-on-resource-tax-passed/ (data obrashcheniya 01.03.2020)
World Investment Report 2015: Reforming International Investment Governance. New York, Geneva, 2015. P. 4.
World Investment Report 2019: Reforming International Investment Governance. New York, Geneva, 2019. P. 4.
Bazhanov P.V. Vedenie biznesa v Kitae: pravovye aspekty. Vypusk 1. Obzor pravovoy sredy dlya biznesa. Kniga dlya yuristov, soprovozhdayushchikh biznes [Elektronnyy resurs] M.: Infotropik Media, 2015. Dostup iz SPS «Kons

Abstract: The subject of this research is the impact of the legislative norms upon political behavior. The goal of this article consists in the attempt to answer the question of how the candidates change their behavior depending on the changes in the legal norms that regulate the rules of conduct in the electoral campaigns. This problematic is being analyzed on the example of norms that establish the rules of financing and financial reporting for campaign finance. The empirical foundation of this research includes current electoral legislation of the Russian Federation and law enforcement practice in the area of campaign finance. The methodological base for this research consists in the modern institutional theory, which allows establishing connection between the current legislation and law enforcement practice. The examination of electoral legislation allows concluding on the presence of complex dependency between the limits of campaign expenditures established by current legislation and the portion of “shadow” campaign finance. Based on the conducted research the author makes recommendations that would allow reducing the portion of “shadow” finance in the electoral campaigns, as well as optimize the rules and procedures for campaign finance.

Keywords: financial reports, legal incentives, electoral funds, electoral finance, political behavior, institutional analysis, political institutions, electoral law, law enforcement, electoral politics

References:
Avtonomov A. S. Nekotorye yuridicheskie problemy federal'nykh vyborov 1999–2000 godov// Konstitutsionnoe pravo: vostochnoevropeyskoe obozrenie. – 2000. – № 2 (31). – S. 49-52.
Kolyushin E. I. Izbiratel'nye fondy. M.: RTsOIT, 2009.
Kakitelashvili M. M. Konstitutsionno-pravovye problemy finansirovaniya politicheskikh partiy i izbiratel'nykh kampaniy v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. M.: Galleya Print, 2017.
Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva RF «O prisoedinenii Rossiyskoy Federatsii k chastichnomu soglasheniyu 1990 goda, uchrezhdayushchemu Evropeyskuyu komissiyu za demokratiyu cherez pravo», 27 oktyabrya 2001 g., № 748. Rezhim dostupa: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/901799792 (Data dostupa: 06.11.2019).
Byuro OBSE po demokraticheskim institutam i pravam cheloveka (BDIPCh). URL: http://www.osce.org/ru/odihr/81988?download=true (Data obrashcheniya 04.08.2019).
Nudnenko L.A. Ravenstvo usloviy finansirovaniya predvybornykh kampaniy kandidatov v deputaty kak garantiya printsipa ravnogo izbiratel'nogo prava // Voprosy pravovedeniya. – 2015. – № 1. – S. 58–68.
Uka

Abstract:  The lack of legal clarity with regards to the legal nature of cryptocurrencies and the process of its mining, the subject of this research lies in the attempt to view the latter as one of the types of business activity, which is particularly relevant in both, theoretical and practical terms. The author meticulously examines the concept and types of mining; analyzes the activity in the area of mining through the prism of the legislatively established definition of business activity; as well analyzes case law and foreign experience on the matter. The conclusion is made that mining corresponds with the legislatively established definition of business activity, and thus it is necessary of demarcate the business and non-business character of activity in the area of mining. At the same time, the future federal law “On the Digital Financial Assets” should envisage the set of criteria (such as profit margin per calendar year, existence of infrastructure used exclusively for cryptocurrency transactions, rapid changes in the volume of cryptocurrency reserve, etc.) that allow considering mining as one of the types of business activity.

Keywords: legislative drafting activities, bitcoin, digital economy, digital assets, entrepreneurship, cryptocurrency, blockchain, mining, digital assets turnover, income

References:
Maksurov Aleksey Anatol'evich Mayning kak yuridicheskaya i informatsionnaya kategoriya // Aktual'nye problemy ekonomiki i prava. 2018. № 2 (46). S. 256-265.
Ershova I.V., Trofimova E.V. Mayning i predprinimatel'skaya deyatel'nost': v poiskakh sootnosheniya // Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava. 2019. № 6. S. 73-82.
Reshenie Kuntsevskogo rayonnogo suda ot 26 iyunya 2018 goda po delu № №02-0985/2018 // URL : sayt. https://www.mos-gorsud.ru/rs/kuncevskij/services/cases/civil/details/145ea307-2de2-4edb-a483-ece6e65de582?caseNumber=%E2%84%96+2-985/18 (data obrashcheniya 30.08.2019).
Reshenie Dorogomilovskogo rayonnogo suda ot 17 maya 2018 goda po delu № 2-1371/2018 // URL : sayt. https://mos-gorsud.ru/rs/dorogomilovskij/services/cases/civil/details/b4fb0a06-f915-4428-9477-101f42d4f6a2?formType=fullForm&caseNumber=%E2%84%96+2-1371%2F2018&participant=&uid=&year=&caseDateFrom=&caseDateTo=&caseFinalDateFrom=&caseFinalDateTo=&caseLegalForceDateFrom=&caseLegalForceDateTo=&category=&judge=&publishingState=&hearingRangeDateFrom=&he

Abstract: In line with the general approaches and implementation of the network information technologies in BRICS countries, this article exposes the issues in the development of network economy and the reflection of its specificity in law at the present stage. Considering the fact that currently along with the market economy exists and gradually develops the information network economy, which practically does not have such characteristics as exceptionality, competitiveness and transparency, the author examines the economic relations in the hierarchical and network economy. The article provides the examples of organization of research activities based on the “open” network model, application of network information technologies in education, as well as analyzes certain problems (such as taxation) caused by the network form of interaction in organization of the cross-border e-commerce. The relevance and novelty of this study are substantiated by the fact that the development of information technologies, their convenience and other advantages, will not allow (in absence of global cataclysms) returning to the traditional economy, thus, they will continue advancing and require adequate legal regulation. Therefore, the goal of this research lies in determination of the modern directions for application of the achievements of the information network economy for establishing the depth and compliance with legal regulation and the need for making corresponding amendments. One of the results consists in establishing fact of the irreversible shift in the traditional economy towards the information network economy, which changes the perception of the world among both, regular citizens, as well as entrepreneurs.

Keywords: BRICS NU, ONSA, e-Commerce, network economy, traditional economy, law, BRICS, RUDN esystem, team teaching, knowledge economy

References:
Alekseenko O.A. Setevoy universitet BRIKS i ego rol' v vystraivanii novoy arkhitektury mnogo-storonnego vzaimodeystviya v oblasti obrazovaniya i nauki. // Alma mater. Vestnik vysshey shkoly.-2017.-№ 9.-S. 38-43. DOI: 10.20339/AM.09-17.038.
Alessandro Octaviani. Biotechnology in Brazil: Promoting Open Innovation. // Access to Knowledge in Brazil. New research on intellectual property, innovation and development. / Ed. by Lea Shaver. Yale Law School. New Haven. 2007. P. 127-151.
Arrow K.J. / Errou K. Dzh. Informatsiya kak tovar. // Ekonomicheskiy zhurnal VShE. – 2012. – S. 161-171.
Babkin A.V., Chistyakov O.V. / Babkin A.V., Chistyakova O.V. Tsifrovaya ekonomika i ee vliyanie na konkurentosposobnost' predprinimatel'skikh struktur. // Rossiyskoe predprinimatel'stvo. – 2017.-Tom 18.-Nomer 24. – S. 4087-4102.
Belikova E.V. / Belikova E.V. Ekonomika i pravo: predposylki i podkhody k optimizatsii vzaimo-deystviya. // Mir na poroge peremen: Ekonomika. Upravlenie. Pravo: doklady Moskovskoy nauch-no­prakticheskoy konferentsii «S

Abstract: This article examines the questions of the force of patent law in one of the BRICS countries – Brazil, with regards to pharmaceutical products prior and after Brazil’s membership in WTO (TRIPS) in light of a number of regulatory and judicial acts and technicality in the area of healthcare, provision of population with medications, and protection of industrial property rights (Constitution of 1988, Law No. 9.279 of May 14, 1996 “On the Industrial Property”, Law No. 8.080/90 on creation of the Unified Healthcare System (SUS), Ordinance No. 3.916/98 establishing National policy on Pharmaceuticals, Government Decree No. 2.577/06 “National Program for Exceptional Medicines”, court decisions, and others). The research analyzes the issues towards free access to medications, prohibited in Brazil by patent law, since its entry to World Trade Organization, as well as the ways for their solution. The scientific novelty consists in the comprehensive analysis from the perspective of the intellectual property right of Brazil’s approaches to organizational-legal support of the development of pharmaceutical sector in the context of TRIPS agreements and necessity to ensure population’s constitutional right to health services and essential medicines. The conclusion is made that the current policy is aimed at achieving the existing prior to WTO membership balance of private and public interests via implementation of a set of compensation mechanisms (negotiations on price reduction by pharmaceutical companies, obligatory licensing, introduction of the Program “National Pharmacology of Brazil”.

Keywords: patents, pharmaceutical companies, pharmacology, health care, Brazil, BRICS, patented drugs, TRIPS, Popular Pharmacy, compulsory licensing

References:
Lei no 5.772, de 21 de dezembro de 1971. Institui o Código da Propriedade Industrial, e do outras providencias. // DOU. de 31.12.1971. URL: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Leis/L5772.htm (data obrashcheniya: 27.05.2019)
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). URL: https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27-trips.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 26.05.2019)
Lei 9.279/1996 (Lei Ordinária) 14.05.1996, regula direitos e obrigações relativos a propriedade industrial. // D.O. de 15/05/1996. P. 8353. URL: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9279.htm (data obrashcheniya: 10.05.2019)
Russell Boltwood. Basic Patent Law in Brazil, and Recent Developments. // International In-house Counsel Journal. Vol. 1, No. 2, January 2008. P. 1-10. URL: https://www.iicj.net/library/detail?key=37 (data obrashcheniya: 26.05.2019)
Araújo, Nadia de. 2003. A internalização dos tratados internacionais no direito brasileiro e o caso do TRIPS. Revista da Associaç&

Abstract: This article deals with two topics: the relation in social area, connecting science and practice; as well as situation and issues in the sphere of restorative justice. The author demonstrates that social action and social nature have gone through three main stages within social science: natural scientific, humanitarian and technological (the latter interpretation belongs to the author) understanding. It is also illustrated that restorative justice is formed as a type of social technology, distinguishing two plans within it – sociocultural factors and humanitarian vector. The research discusses the issues emerging in restorative justice, as well as the ways for their solution. Methodology includes target setting, situational and comparative analysis, genesis of social knowledge, typological analysis, and conceptualization. As a result, the author was able to analyze the evolution in social science of representations about social action and social nature; formulate a hypothesis that restorative justice develops as the oriented towards humanitarian values social technology; examine the related issues and ways for their solution.

Keywords: science, practice, transdisciplinarity, nature, sociality, technology, law, restorative justice, problems, knowledge

References:
Bauman Z. Aktual'nost' kholokosta. ‒ M.: Evropa. 2010. ‒ 315 s.
Bauman Z. Myslit' sotsiologicheski. M., 1996. Per. s angl. pod red. A. F. Filippova. ‒ M.: Aspekt-Press, 1996. ‒ 254 s.
Bauman Z. Tekuchaya sovremennost'. Per. S.A. Komarov. ‒ Izd.: SPb.: Piter. 2008. ‒ 239 s.
Bauman Z. Retrotopiya. ‒ M.: VTsIOM, 2019. ‒ 160 s.
Karnozova L. M. Vosstanovitel'noe pravosudie v Rossii: praktika i problemy institutsionalizatsii // Vestnik vosstanovitel'noy yustitsii. 2018. № 15. ‒ S. 38-42.
Karnozova L.M. Vvedenie v vosstanovitel'noe pravosudie (mediatsiya v otvet na prestuplenie): monografiya. ‒ Moskva : Prospekt, 2014. ‒ 264 s.
Latur B. Peresborka sotsial'nogo: vvedenie v aktorno-setevuyu teoriyu. Per. s ang. I.Polonskoy. ‒ M. Izd. dom Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, 2014. ‒ 382 s
Pavlov A. Strannaya zhizn' postmodernizma // A. Dzheymison F. Postmodernizm, ili Kul'turnaya logika pozdnego kapitalizma ‒ M.: Izd-vo Instituta Gaydara, 2019. &

Abstract: Currently, Russian faces the challenge imposed by global transformation, transition towards “digital society”; and with each day, the role of innovations and rapid scientific and technical progress increases. Innovations become an immense part of life not only of global community, each country or economic entity, but every person as well. Innovation define the level of socioeconomic development of the state and are the cornerstone of its growth; they also become the foundation for country’s competitiveness and security on the global arena. Besides the traditional factors of economic growth and socioeconomic development of a country, the importance gains the qualitative content of growth rates, implementation of the new economic methods and production technologies in the real economic sector – business. The author applied the systemic-analytical method for studying the links and relationship between the elements of innovation system – business and the state; comparative method for determining the peculiarities of formation and realization of innovation policy in Russia, United States, and France. As of today, Russia has formed all essential elements of innovation system; both, business and the state overcome challenges imposed by the established model of the organization of cooperation – contrariety of interests and establishment of dialogue between business and the state.

Keywords: the state, business, innovation activity, cooperation, innovation policy, innovation system, innovation, state policy, national innovation system, innovation financing

References:
Seleznev I.E. Klochkov V.V. Institutsional'nye problemy organizatsii prikladnykh issledovaniy i razrabotki vysokotekhnologichnoy produktsii // Problemy upravleniya nauchnymi issledovaniyami i razrabotkami – 2017. Tr. III nauch.-prakt. konf. 26 oktyabrya 2017 g. – M.: IPU RAN; NITs In-t im N.E. Zhukovskogo, 2017. – S. 155.
Nikitinskaya E.F. Prognozirovanie innovatsionnogo razvitiya: mezhdunarodnye tendentsii i rossiyskiy opyt // Internet-zhurnal «Naukovedenie». 2014. № 3.
Kulikov M.M. Dulin R.A. Innovatsionnaya deyatel'nost' v Rossii: perspektivy razvitiya v kontekste sozdaniya nesyr'evykh tochek rosta // Gumanitariy yuga Rossii. 2018. T. 7. S. 188-195.
Krasova E.V. Gosudarstvennoe finansirovanie innovatsiy v Rossii: dinamika i spetsifika // Territoriya novykh vozmozhnostey. Vestnik VGUES. 2019. № 1. S. – 47 – 58.
Volodin M.V. Tartarova S.V. Soldatova S.S. Gosudarstvennaya innovatsionnaya politika, mekhanizmy regulirovaniya sfery innovatsiy v Rossii //Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. 2018. № 2. S. 154 – 163.
Kokin

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of regulatory and policy statutes of the Russian Federation that govern relations of the area of Russian education, as well as serve as the instruments of the modern state education policy. The author determines a number of regulatory and policy statutes such as the National Education Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025 and the Concept of Long-term Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation until 2020, and notes their significance in formation of new configuration of the state education policy in Russia. The author analyzes the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, and reveals the degree of conformity to the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation with regards to ensuring citizens’ right to education. Special attention is given to identification of the positive and negative aspects in the indicated documents, as well as their impact upon the state education policy in Russia. The following conclusions were made: framework character of legislation that regulate relations in the area of education; permanent reform in educational sphere conducted through declarative forms that are not always in accord with each other, and allows the state institutions to distort the state education policy as it pertains to ensuring the constitutional right of citizens to education.

Keywords: state institution, Government administration, European values, Regulatory statute, Education reform, National interest, Policy statute, State’s social mission, Bologna Process, State education policy

References:
Spasskaya V.V. Pravovoe regulirovanie obrazovatel'nykh otnosheniy: problemy teorii i praktiki. 2-e izd. M., 2012. S. 43. [Elektronnyy resurs]: Rezhim dostupa: URL: http://lexed.ru/elbook.html.
Eklof B. Vvedenie-Russkoe Obrazovanie: proshloe v sovremennom // Reforma obrazovaniya v postsovetskoy Rossii. Nasledstvo i perspektivy / 2012-№3 Nauchnyy potentsial: raboty molodykh uchenykh 299, B. Eklof, L.E. Kholms, V. Kaplan. L.; N.Yu.: Frank Kass, 2005. S. 1-20.
Rossiya-Kitay: obrazovatel'nye reformy na rubezhe XX-XXI vv. Sravnitel'nyy analiz / Pod red. N.E. Borevskoy, V.P. Borisenkova i Chzhu Syaoman'. M., 2007. S. 53-54.
Issledovanie sovremennykh zarubezhnykh pedagogicheskikh idey / Pod red. Bi Shui i Van Igao. Pekin, 2002. 278 s.
Veber S. Shkola, reforma i obshchestvo v novoy Rossii. N.Yu.: Press Svyatogo Martina. 2000. S. 87.
Belaya kniga rossiyskogo obrazovaniya. Ch.I. M.: Izd-vo MESI. (Ser. « Proekt Tasis» Upravlenie obrazovaniem"». 2000. S. 154.
Eliott Dzh., Tudzha Dzh. Vliyanie Zapada na post-Sovetskoe Obrazovanie: Izmenenie

Abstract: This article examines the legal peculiarities of investing into the Russian energy sector from the perspective of the “energy” ring member countries – China, South Korea, and Japan. The author considers the regulations of a number of key Russian laws in this sphere: on the strategic societies, subsoil, capital investments, and others; analyzes the established by them limitations for foreign investors and some ways of their circumvention. All of the aforementioned is viewed in the context of the existing investment projects of the “energy ring” states in Russia. The author leans on the subjective-objective preset of processes and occurrences. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive research of the question of investments into the Russian energy sector through the prism of cooperation of China, South Korea, Japan and Russia within the framework of “energy ring”. As a result, the author reaches the conclusion that foreign investment into the Russian energy sector faces a number of restrictions, which, however, are often overcomable.

Keywords: capital investment, strategic companies, TEK, investment activities, Russia, Japan, South Korea, China, energy grid, foreign investors

References:
Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva RF ot 6 iyulya 2008 g. № 510 «O Pravitel'stvennoy komissii po kontrolyu za osushchestvleniem inostrannykh investitsiy v Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // SZ RF. 2008. № 28. St. 3382.
Sokolov V., Andersen A. Inostrannye investitsii v strategicheskie rossiyskie kompanii. // Korporativnyy yurist. – 2013-№ 12. – S. 16-22.
Belitskaya A.V., Lakhno P.G. Inostrannye investory v sfere nedropol'zovaniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii i zarubezhnykh stranakh: pravovoe regulirovanie. // Vestnik SPbGU. Ser. 14.-2010.-Vyp. 4. – S. 44-61.
Danilova T.N. Pravo sobstvennosti i sobstvennost' v investitsionnykh sdelkakh. // Finansy i kredit. – 2003.-№ 7(121). – S. 8-19.
Strel'tsov D.V. «Chistaya energetika» v Yaponii. // Vostochnaya analitika. Ezhegodnik 2011. S. 106-117. URL: http://ivran.ru/f/Vostochnaya_analitika_2011.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 04.11.2018)
Yuzhnaya Koreya investiruet v al'ternativnuyu energetiku $36 mlrd. URL: http://www.alterenergy.info/investments/56-notes/97-korea-invest (data obrashcheniya: 10.11.2018)
Vey Bin'. Soversh

Abstract: The subject of this article is the state of the system of the Russian law and Russian legislation, negative impact of the erratic changes in legislation, their use and the state of security of the population. The authors studied the process of change of the legal system during the 90’s reform, identified the negative aspects in the formation of legislation: unsystematic changes in legislation, the use of "legal fiction", the examples of new legal norms resulting in a conflict of their application in practice. The assumption is made about the further expansion of the pathology of the consciousness of modern society and legal nihilism. The authors applied the methods of system-structural analysis, as well as comparison of dynamic and statistical approach for the study of legal documents. The relevance of this research lies in the fact that special attention is paid to the changing perceptions of law in the modernization of communications and Informatization of society and blurring of the lines between the mechanism of perception of humanitarian and non-humanitarian Sciences, which leads to the devaluation of the modern system of law and the growing threats to national security. The authors conclude that there is a necessity of developing a new concept of law with research studies in Humanities and technical sciences, and bringing to this issue the best specialists in the field of law, computer science and high technology.

Keywords: information, devaluation of law, legal nihilism, legal fiction, deformation of the legal system, rapid development of the law, creativity perception of law, national security, modernization, new legal concept

References:
Andreev A., Kokunova S. Uzhestochenie ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti za nezakonnoe privlechenie predprinimateley k ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti kak preventivnaya mera v bor'be s korruptsiey i nedobrosovestnoy konkurentsiey// Mezhdunarodnyy pravovoy kur'er, 2016. № 6(18). S. 12–16.
Alekseev S.S. Krushenie prava. Polemicheskie zametki // Izdatel'stvo Instituta chastnogo prava. Ekaterinburg, 2009. 30 s.
Belov V.A. Nauka prava (pravovedenie ili yurisprudentsiya): krizisnoe sostoyanie i puti ego preodoleniya// Zakon. 2016. № 11.[Elektronnyy resurs] SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast' pervaya) ot 30.11.1994 № 51-FZ// Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 05.12.1994, № 32, st. 3301.
Zaklyuchenie po proektu federal'nogo zakona № 15810-7 «O vnesenii izmeneniy v stat'yu 299 Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii i stat'yu 151 Ugolovno-protsessual'nogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii», vnesennomu Prezidentom Rossiyskoy Federatsii Po porucheniyu Soveta Gosudarstvennoy Dumy ot 1 noyabrya 2016 goda (proto

Abstract: The subject of this research is the differentiation and determination of the content of the norms of various religious doctrines pertaining to labor. The object of this research is the effect of religious norms upon the legal behavior and motivation of a worker in the labor process and their labor relations, as well as the understanding of the phenomenon of labor in various religious systems. The author substantiates the relevance of this research due to increase of religiousness among the population and changes in the paradigm of attitude towards labor itself, as well as the need to devise a special approach towards management and legal regulation of labor of religious workers. The research is based on the methods of analysis, systematization and comparison of the norms of the three Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) contained in the translations of the holy texts, their interpretations, other religious sources, and comments of theologians and economists. The main conclusion of the research became the highlighting of three types of religious norms: the norms of intermediate regulation of labor; the norms of direct regulation of labor; the norms maxima. Special attention is given to the first type of norms, comprising the basis of requirements of the worker concerning changes in work terms in order to combine work and adherence to religious precepts.

Keywords: equality at workplace, islam, christianity, judaism, religious norms, discrimination, religious employee, religion, unity and differentiation, features of labor regulation

References:
Razin A.S. Sotsial'no-filosofskiy analiz etnokonfessional'nykh osnov khozyaystvennoy deyatel'nosti: avtoref. dis. ... kand. filos. nauk. Volgograd, 2005. S. 18.
Pollyeva D.R. Pravovoe povedenie lichnosti i religioznye normy. Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk. M.,1986. S. 9.
Osnovy sotsial'noy kontseptsii Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi // Russkaya Pravoslavnaya Tserkov', otdel vneshnikh tserkovnykh svyazey. 1997-2017. URL: https://mospat.ru/ru/documents/social-concepts/vi/ (data obrashcheniya: 17.01.2017).
Osnovy religiovedeniya /Pod red. I.N. Yablokova. – M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1994. S. 62-63.
Lukin S.V. Khristianskiy vzglyad na tsennost' material'nykh blag // Khristianskoe chtenie. 2015. №1. S. 8-22.
Lapitskiy M. «Net khleba-net Tory»: Trudovaya etika iudaizma // Voprosy ekonomiki. 1994. № 7. S. 132-140.
Koran / Per. I.Yu. Krachkovskogo. Rostov n/d: Feniks, 2008. – 537 s.
Koval' T.B. Religiya i ekonomika. Trud, sobstvennost', bogatstvo. M.: Izd. dom Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, 2014. – 349

Abstract: This article analyzes the practice of formation of the coalition governments in Italy during the First Republic. The dynamics of interparty competition allows determining the key positions in polemics unfolded between the Italian political scientists regarding the emergence of one or another type of party system in Italy. The goal of this research lies in the identification of causes that led to the victory of the Christian Democratic Party of Italy throughout several electoral cycles until the phase transformation in the Italian political party system, followed by the crisis of partocratic regime. The article also analyzes the role of the minor political parties in the political process, which provided support to the Cristian Democrats. The presented data from sociological studies allows detecting the changes in public mood, associated implementation of the political course by the ruling parties of Italy. The author was able to identify the causes of decrease in public confidence in the Italian political parties of the First Republic period. Over time, the political powers become incapable of adequately responding to the political and socioeconomic challenges on the background of dilution of the ideological beliefs of parties caught in corruption, integration of new collective (trade unions, associations and public organizations) into the political process, as well as discussion of the issues of bioethics and proliferation of neo-conservative trends.

Keywords: First Republic, coalitions, small parties, PCI, DC, Italy, party system, reforms, trade unions, ideology

References:
Lyubin V.P. Politicheskaya i istoricheskaya kul'tura: peremeny poslednego dvadtsatiletiya // Na perekrestke Sredizemnomor'ya: «Ital'yanskiy sapog» pered vyzovami XXI veka. M., 2011. S. 71.
Meguid B. M. Competition Between Unequals: The Role of Mainstream Party Strategy in Niche Party Success // American Political Science Review. 2005. Vol. 99, № 3. P. 347–349.
Bull M. Italy: The Crisis of the Left // Parliamentary Affairs. 2003. Vol. 56, № 1. P. 65, 66.
Guzzini S. The ‘long night of the first republic’: Years of clientelistic implosion in Italy // Review of International Political Economy. 1995. Vol. 2, №1. P. 41–51.
Kholodkovskiy K. G. Italiya: massy i politika, evolyutsiya sotsial'no-politicheskogo soznaniya trudyashchikhsya v 1945–1985-e gg. M.: RAN «Izdatel'stvo Nauka», 1989. 254 c. S. 57.
Legge 2 maggio 1974, n. 195. Contributo dello Stato al finanziamento dei partiti politici.
Kholodkovskiy K. G. Italiya: massy i politika, evolyutsiya sotsial'no-politicheskogo soznaniya trudyashchikhsya v 1945–1985 gg. M.: RAN «Izdatel'

Abstract: The subject of this article is examination of the question of the enforcement of people’s right to self-determination through holding a referendum. From the perspective of realization of self-determination as a collective right, the referendum suits the most, as each member of the public can be heard and their combined pinion received. Within the framework of the research, the author analyzed the well-known referendums within national and international practice regarding the realization of right to self-determination, which resulted in the emergence of new sovereign states. A conclusion is made that a referendum has to match a set of criteria in order for it to be recognized by the international community as legitimate. The possibility of holding a referendum must be enshrined in national law, or obtained based on arrangement with the central state. In separate cases, referendum can be held at the initiative or under control of the international organization. The author believes that the realization of people’s right to self-determination through referendum is one of the most efficient means, as it allows obtaining the direct response of the people.

Keywords: Secession, Territorial integrity, Referendum, People's rights, People, Right of self-determination, Independence, Safeguard clause, Separatism, Recognition of States

References:
Nazarov E.I. K voprosu o sushchnosti i roli referenduma v sovremennom mire na primere praktiki ego provedeniya v otdel'no vzyatykh gosudarstvakh // Yuridicheskiy vestnik Samarskogo universiteta. 2016. T.2 №2. S.25.
Konstitutsiya (Osnovnoy Zakon) Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik (prinyata VS SSSR 07.10.1977) (red. ot 14.03.1990) [Elektronnyy resurs] // Konsul'tantPlyus. – Elektron. dan. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.consultant.ru.
Zakon SSSR ot 03.04.1990 «O poryadke resheniya voprosov, svyazannykh s vykhodom soyuznoy respubliki iz SSSR» [Elektronnyy resurs] // Konsul'tantPlyus. – Elektron. dan. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.consultant.ru.
Margiev A.V. O prave vykhoda respublik iz sostava rossiyskoy Federatsii // Vestnik Adygeyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2005. №2. S.133.
Rich R. Symposium: Recent Developments in the Practice of State Recognition. Recognition of States: The Collapse of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union 36-65 [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL: http://www.ejil.org/pdfs/4/1/1207.pdf (data obrashcheni

Abstract: The subject of this research is the evolution of sociopolitical orientations of small and medium business in the post-Soviet period. The activity of representatives of the aforementioned socioeconomic group is an essential factor of development of the market relation and establishment of the middle class, which is the foundation of civil society, as well as the guarantor of sustainability of liberal democracy in the developed democratic states. Therefore, the problem of formation of the sociopolitical orientations of the Russian small and medium entrepreneurship in post-Soviet time is relevant. The main conclusion consists in the fact that the representatives of small and medium business of 1990’s, although fragmentary, but positively overall, perceived the implemented liberal values, practically without demonstrating the paternalistic moods. At the same time, the absence of effective protection of their interests by the state encouraged the distrust in government. Throughout the 2000’s the statist trends in politics, the course towards “restoring the order” led to the shift in orientations of the small and medium business, the more positive (or neutral) apprehension of government and revival of the paternalistic moods. In addition, the entrepreneurs have demonstrated the high level of alienation from any socio-corporate forms. The evolution of sociopolitical orientation of the substantial segment of entrepreneurs is a factor that suppresses the establishment of civil society and challenges the likelihood of democratization of the Russian political system on the Western model.

Keywords: consolidation, individualism, democratization, liberal democratic reforms, values, socio-political orientations, business, state paternalism, etatism, legislation

References:
Blokhina M.V. Transformatsiya sotsial'no-politicheskikh tsennostey v reformiruemom obshchestve. Tver': Izd-vo TGTU, 2005.
Gorshkov M.K. Rossiyskoe obshchestvo v usloviyakh transformatsii (sotsiologicheskiy analiz). M.: Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya (ROSSPEN), 2000
Grazhdanskoe obshchestvo: ekonomicheskiy i politicheskiy podkhody. M.: Mosk. Tsentr Karnegi, 2005
Deyneka O.S. Ekonomiko-psikhologicheskie posledstviya politiki perekhodnogo perioda. Obshchestvo i politika: Sovremennye issledovaniya, poisk kontseptsiy / Pod red. V.Yu. Bol'shakova. SPb., 2000
Zaets E.N. Formirovanie grazhdanskogo obshchestva v sovremennoy Rossii: sostoyanie, tendentsii, problemy: dis … kand. polit. nauk. Moskva, 2010
Kondrachuk V.V. Vlast' i biznes v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. M.: Sovrem. ekonomika i pravo, 2004
Maleva T. Sredniy sredniy klass. Mozhno li chislo sostoyatel'nykh semey v Rossii uvelichit' v tri raza? // Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2005 g. №3703
Mareeva S. V. Sredniy klass v sovremennom rossiyskom obshchestve: spetsifika stanovleniya : 2003-2009 gg. Dis… kand.

Abstract: This article reviews the major reforms that took place over three recent decades in the labor legislation of Spain. The author discusses the characteristic duality of the job market, expressed in a broad use of the certain types of contracts varying in degree of guarantees implied to an employee. The author reveals the reason of the current inequality in the employment sphere, which has become an actual issue for all participants of labor relations. Special attention is given to the strategy selected by the young specialists, who embark upon the career in the conditions of heightened competition. The article contains the references to a number of official documents that regulate the questions of employment at the national level, as well as provide the instruments for stimulating the entrepreneurial activity. The author introduces the statistical data of Eurostat ant other analytical reports regarding the state of youth unemployment. A conclusion is made that the labor regulations make the young specialists vulnerable, particularly in the time of recession, when a priority task of business owners becomes the rescue of capital rather than the preservation of jobs. The reforms in labor system are mostly aimed at protection of the interests of entrepreneurs, which causes public disapproval.

Keywords: Young unemployment, Youth, Duality, National Policy, Employment agreement, Employment, Labour legislation, Labour market, European Union, Spain

References:
Aziz Khayder Salekh. Analiz vliyaniya tsen na mirovykh rynkakh nefti na ekonomiku Iraka /Statistika i ekonomika. 2014. № 4.-S. 185 // https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/analiz-vliyaniya-tsen-na-mirovyh-rynkah-nefti-na-ekonomiku-iraka (data dostupa: 10.04.2018)
Torres R. Why is labour market going? EU-LAC Foundation. 7 October 2017. – p.2 // https://eulacfoundation.org/sites/eulacfoundation.org/files/files/Torres_TradEN.pdf (data dostupa: 10.04.2018)
Conde-Ruiz J. Las reformas laborales en Espana: un modelo agotado / Conde-Ruiz J., Felgueroso F., Garcia Perez J./ Papeles de Economia Espanola. № 124. 2010. – p. 17 // http://www.adirelab.es/site/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/FEDEA-Las-reformas-laborales-Modelo-agotado.pdf (data dostupa: 10.04.2018)
Santos-Preicado J. La segmentacion del Mercado laboral juvenil y su especializacion ocupacional por edad y sexo. Analisis de Geografia de la Universidad Computense. Vol. 17. 1997.-p.160 // http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/AGUC/article/view/AGUC9797110153A/31451 (data d

Abstract: The subject of this research is the electronic government of the West Germany. The article explores various initiatives (concepts, plans of development), as well as federal norms on the legislative level, which regulate many various aspects of the electronic (digital) interaction between German citizens and state and municipal authorities. The author examines the institutional framework of regulation of the e-government of the West Germany (agencies, councils), which competency consists of regulation of the various aspects of e-government, and cites the achievements in the sphere of the e-government of the West Germany, as well as the influence of the European law upon the regulation of these issues in West Germany. The novelty of this research consists in the analysis of the set of normative and program acts of federal legislation in the area of regulation of the various aspects of digital interaction of citizens with the branches of state and municipal authorities.

Keywords: concept, telecommunication means of communication, the Internet, authorities, prospects, digital interaction, E-government, development prospects, West Germany, normative act

References:
B. Binder, G. Trauner. Lehrbuch Öffentliches Recht-Grundlagen. Linde Verlag GmbH. 2016. 372 s.
P. Gola, A. Jaspers Das Bundesdatenschutzgesetz im Überblick: Information zum BDSG bei Anwendung in der Privatwirtschaft ; Erläuterungen, Schaubilder und Organisationshilfen. Datakontext GmbH, 2011. 96 s.
H. Druke, Local Electronic Governement. A comparative study. Routledge, 2005. 300 p.
A. Engel, IT-Governance in Staat und Kommunen: Vernetzung, Zusammenarbeit und die Steuerung von Veränderungsprozessen in der öffentlichen Informationstechnik. edition sigma. 2014. 237 s.
S. Falk, A. Römmele, M. Silverman. Digital Government: Leveraging Innovation to Improve Public Sector Performance and Outcomes for Citizens. Springer. 2016. 189 s.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the paradigm of political and administrative mistakes of the presidency of Mohamed Morsi in Egypt that led to his overthrow. The goal of this work consists in determination of peculiarities of the political and economic processes in Egypt, as well as analysis of the impact of ideology of the moderate Islamism upon the voters’ loyalty and success of the reforms in the area of economy and social protection of Egyptian citizens. The article also pursues the historical parallel with the other Muslim states, in which similar to Egypt, was noticed a rapid increase in popularity among the moderate Islamist leaders. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this work is first to examine the presidency of Mohamed Morsi from a weighted perspective of the comprehensive political-historical analysis, in the course of which, special attention is given to the socioeconomic processes and expectations of the population. The key conclusion is made that only the prompt and gradual reforms are the path to a successful economic and social development of the state, while the dominant ideology can either encourage or hinder this process, rather than determine.  

Keywords: Socioeconomic issues, Political mistakes, Reforms, Presidency of Mohamed Morsi, Muslim brotherhood, Opposition, Authoritarian regime, Islamism, Ideology, Arab Spring

References:
Vasil'ev A. M. Retsepty Arabskoy vesny: russkaya versiya. M.:Algoritm, 2012, 304 s.
Vidyasova M. F., Gasanbekova T. I. Dvulikiy Yanus umerennogo islamizma. Poslerevolyutsionnaya bor'ba v Tunise i Egipte. M., 2013, 140 s.
Vidyasova M. F. Dzhikhad bez voyny. M.: ISAA MGU, IV RAN, 2012, Z78 s.
Voskresenskiy A. D. Politicheskaya sistema i politicheskaya kul'tura Vostoka. M.: AST, 2007, 688 s.
Primakov E. M. Konfidentsial'no: Blizhniy Vostok na stsene i za kulisami (vtoraya polovina KhKh – nachalo KhKhI veka. M.: Rossiyskaya gazeta, 2012, 207 s.
Mursi ob'yasnil rasshirenie svoikh polnomochiy nuzhdami demokratii. [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://lenta.ru/news/2012/11/26/promise/ (accessed 2.02.2017).
Khantington C. Stolknovenie tsivilizatsiy. M.: AST, 2014, 571 s.
Egypt: New Constitution Mixed on Support of Rights Draft Adopted Without Consensus Amid Political Crisis. [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/11/30/egypt-new-constitution-mixed-support-rights (accessed 9.02.2017).
Joshua Stacher. How Egypt’s

Abstract: This article examines such aspects of the topic as the financial, material, information, and human resources of the party. The resource base is essential for functioning and attracting of new supporters, as well as promoting the ideological views of the party onto the general public. Traditional approaches towards the mobilization of resources become less demanded in proportion to the increased political competition, leading to the problem of finding the new ways of raising funds. The author deviates from the traditional approach of viewing the resources of the party exceptionally in form of the financial means, suggesting a more extensive interpretation of this phenomenon. Mobilization of resources by the party becomes a substantive task, especially in the conditions of economic crisis. Finances enable the ability to function. Human resources define the quality of the political work. Information resources ensure its recognition; a political instrument of attracting voters by broadening the channels of reaching citizens.

Keywords: human resources, symbolic capital, membership fee, informational resources, finance, party, crowdfounding, state budget, foreign agent, mass media

References:
LDPR. Izdanie Liberal'no-demokraticheskoy partii Rossii i fraktsii LDPR v Gosudarstvennoy Dume. 2016. № 03(310).
Pen'kovskiy M. Sarafannoe radio dlya biznesa – kak dobit'sya uspekha // General'nyy direktor. 25.06.2014.
Zhurnalistika: Bol'shevistskaya pechat' v 1905-1917 godakh // Bol'shaya biblioteka. URL.: http://www.e-ng.ru/zhurnalistika/bolshevistskaya_pechat_v_1905-1917_godax.html
Reytingi. Federal'nye SMI-yanvar' 2016. URL.: http://www.mlg.ru/ratings/federal_media/
Reklama na radio Kommersant' FM. URL.: http://reklamanaauto.ru/reklama_v_smi/reklama_na_radio/kommersant/
Federal'nye natsional'nye radiostantsii. Atlas SMI. URL.: http://www.mediageo.ru/fedradio/fedradio.html
Televizionnaya zhurnalistika: uchebnik / G.V. Kuznetsov, V.L. Tsvik, A.Ya. Yurovskiy. 5-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta «Nauka», 2005. S. 60.
Telekanal Pervyy kanal. Atlas SMI. URL.: http://www.mediageo.ru/fedtv/perviy-kanal.html
Federal'nyy zakon ot 11.07.2001 N 95-FZ (red. ot 23.05.2015) «O politiche

Abstract: The subject of this research is the conceptual grounds of formation of the basic system of interaction be between the legislative and executive branches of government in constituents of the Russian Federation, formulated in the process of adopting the framework federal law that establishes the general principles of its organization over the period of 1994-1999. Special attention is given to the problems of participation of the President, Government, and Federal Assembly in development of the framework concept of regional administration, formation of the theoretical provisions of the two basic draft laws – governmental and parliamentary, which consolidate the conceptually different approaches towards organization of cooperation between the regional authorities, as well as political legal peculiarities of preparing the final version of the bill. The theoretical foundation of the research leans on the theories of modernization, separation of powers, and federalism. The conducted analysis allows concluding that during the period of 1994-1999, the formulation of the unified legal conceptual grounds for organizing the legislative and executive branches of government in subjects of the Russian Federation, was realized in accordance with the principles of separation of powers and demarcation of the competencies and authorities between the center and the regions. In determination of the basic model of organization of regional government under the conditions of establishment of political system of the Russian Federation and its subjects, the author detected the significant contradictions between the participants of the lawmaking process, which allowed identifying the general conceptual grounds of the law “On the General Principles of Organization of the Legislative (Representative) and Executive Bodies of the State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation”, although it did not determine the functional dependency and interaction between the legislative and executive branches of government in the regions within the system of restrictions and counterweights.

Keywords: Russian Federation , Separation of powers, Legal regulation, Head of executive branch, Subject of Federation, Legal concept, Legislative branch of government, Executive branch of government, Legislation, Regional government

References:
Postanovlenie Soveta Federatsii Federal'nogo Sobraniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 7 fevralya 1996 g. «O Federal'nom zakone «Ob obshchikh printsipakh organizatsii sistemy organov gosudarstvennoy vlasti sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii. – 1996. – № 8. – St. 706.
O khode vypolneniya utochnennogo plana deystviy Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii po realizatsii Poslaniya Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii Federal'nomu sobraniyu «Ob ukreplenii Rossiyskogo gosudarstva (Osnovnye napravleniya vnutrenney i vneshney politiki)» i Programmy Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy federatsii «Razvitie reform i stabilizatsiya rossiyskoy ekonomiki»: Material k zasedaniyu Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii 24 marta 1995 g. M., 1995. – S. 70.
Vserossiyskoe soveshchanie po voprosam realizatsii konstitutsionnykh polozheniy o mestnom samoupravlenii i organizatsii gosudarstvennoy vlasti v sub'ektakh Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Moskva, 17 fevralya 1995 g. – M.: Yurid. lit., 1995. – S. 136-137.
Postanovlenie Gosudarstvennoy Dumy Feder

Abstract:  
The subject of this research is the legal regime of artworks in Italy, as well as legal regulation of the relations establishes in the course of their creation and use. The object of this article is the Italian legislation regarding the works of art. The author carries out a detailed analysis on the norms of the copyright law of Italy, which presents a cognitive and practical interest for the experts in the field of copyright law. The relevance is enhanced by pursuing correlation between the differences and similarities in legal regulation by the Italian and Russian legislation of the most important types of authorial relations in the area of creation and application of the artworks. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that this research is one of the few within the Russian science to examine the emergence, establishment, and development of the copyright on artworks in Italy. Attention is given to the subjective copyright law under the conditions of transformation of the national legal and cultural traditions in modern Italy.
 

Keywords: musical work, work of art, cultural tradition, legal tradition, author, cultural rights, copyright law , moral right, exclusive right, legislation

References:
Platon. Gosudarstvo. Kniga desyataya. Istochnik: http://www.e-reading.club.
Reshetnikov F.M. Pravovye sistemy stran mira. M.:Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1993.
Efremova V.V. Avtorskoe pravo na proizvedeniya izobrazitel'nogo iskusstva v Rossii i Frantsii. Avtoreferat dis. na soisk. uch. st. k.yu.n. M.:2008.
Cyber law in Italy. Giovanni Ziccardi. G.B.:Wolters Kluver. 2011. Istochnik: https://books.google.r

Abstract:  
The subject of this research is the Russian political system. The object of this research is the determination of essence of the Russian political system associated with the choice of state legal modernization project. Due to the early established tradition, understanding and acknowledgement of originality of the Russian political world, genesis, and specificity of the own and adjusted sources, distinct metaphysics of political relations and ways of their regulation, suggests reference to the question of typification of the Russian political system, as well as identification of its place within the currently existing typologies. The main conclusion of this work lies in indicating the typological peculiarities of the modern Russian political system under the conditions of establishment of the new European political legal order. The typological characteristic of the current Russian political system alongside the content and result of the political convergence and globalization processes are defined by several phenomena: gradual deformation of multiple Soviet, and later liberal political, legal, and ethical norms, institutions, and values; consolidation of position on the so-called immanent of the history of Russian State and society “lack of own traditions of democratic political thinking” aligned with the neglecting of the national spiritual values; orientation of the ruling elites towards the certain “universal” political institutions and values, transnational ideas, and necessity of Westernization of the Russian political life.
 

Keywords: national identify, integration, globalization, Russian Empire, Constitution, national political system, Russian political system, political convergence, legal system, convergence process

References:
Alekseev N.N. Sovremennoe polozhenie nauki o gosudarstve i ee blizhayshie zadachi // Russkiy narod i gosudarstvo. M., 1998. S. 529.
Il'in V.V., Akhiezer A.S. Rossiyskaya gosudarstvennost': istoki, traditsii, perspektivy. M., 1997. S. 317.
Lassal' F. O sushchnosti konstitutsii // Konstitutsionnoe pravo: Khrestomatiya / Sost. N.A. Bogdanova. M., 1996. S. 47.
Osakve K. Sravnitel'noe pravovedenie v skhemakh: Obshchaya i Osobennaya chasti. M., 2002. S. 27.
Pivovarov Yu., Fursov A. Russkaya sistema i reformy // Pro et Contra. 1999. № 4. S. 17.
Chirkin V.E. Konstitutsiya: rossiyskaya model'. M., 2002. S. 117.
Shayo A. Samoogranichenie vlasti (kratkiy kurs konstitutsionalizma). M., 2001. S. 24-25.
A.V. Leopa Neobkhodimost' ucheta istoricheskogo opyta
v usloviyakh globalizatsii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2011. - 5. - C. 187 - 196.
Samokhin K.V. Modernizatsiya Rossiyskoy imperii v nachale KhKh veka // Politika i Obshchestvo. - 2014. - 1. - C. 47 - 60. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2014.1.9442.

Abstract: The study of the problems of the implementation of public control practices involves the formation of new challenges and approaches that meet the requirements of modern political time. The operationalization of many components related to the analysis of the infrastructure of public control – its object and subject institutions, mutual capabilities, authorities, areas of responsibility, interaction areas, and components related to the evaluation of control results – is the key challenge for the modern researcher. The subject of this article is the construction of a model for assessing the efficiency of the subject of public control in the modern Russian Federation. As a methodology for the development of a model for assessing the efficiency of public control, the method of construct interpretation is used. This is manifested in the use of the methodology for assessing the efficiency of the activity of a particular research object (in the context of the subject matter – the subject of social control) from economic theory and management theory, where the approach towards evaluation of efficiency through the ratio of the result to the resources is traditionally used as a basis. As a key methodology for analyzing the activities of subjects of public control and their respective ranking, comparative analysis is used. The use of the proposed model will allow operationalizing the infrastructure of public control to assess the efficiency of the control subject, and draw conclusions about the components in which, based on the relevant measurements, it is worthwhile to make regulatory modernization or reorganization in the activity of the subject of public control at all levels of its work in the processes of institutionalization of public control in the modern Russian Federation.

Keywords: institutionalization, model, resources, productiveness, productivity, civil society, efficiency, public control, subject of control, object of control

References:
Zaytsev A.V. Deliberativnaya demokratiya kak institutsional'nyy dialog vlasti i grazhdanskogo obshchestva // NB: Problemy politiki i obshchestva. — 2013.-№ 5.-S.29-44. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/pr/article_689.html

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the examination of key directions of influence of the Constitution of the Russian Federation upon development of the constitutional-legal institutions and conflict of laws, the formation of which as a new branch is suggested on the basis of constitutional norms. The author highlights two vectors of influence of the Constitution of the Russian Federation upon development of the constitutional-legal institutions at the present stage: positive influence, which manifests in the constitutional definition of directions of development of the constitutional-legal institutions based on the principles established in the Constitution of the Russian Federation; as well as insufficient influence, which implies a negative aspect –  contradiction with the Constitution law of the Russian Federation. The article systematizes the constitutional regulators, which serve as the basis for formation of the conflict of laws: constitutional norms that guarantee federal conflict of laws, ways of resolution of the collisions; constitutional principles of the conflict of laws; constitutional presumption of legal regulation of the mechanisms of prevention and elimination of violations of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The author formulates the subject, institutions, method, and sources of the conflict of laws as a model branch, as well as suggests the stages of its establishment.

Keywords: Conflict of laws method, Institutions of conflict of laws, Subject of conflict of laws, Constitutional presumptions, Constitutional principles, Resolution of collisions, Collision, Conflict of laws, Constitutional law, Constitution

References:
Lapaeva V.V. Privatizatsiya sotsialisticheskoy sobstvennosti: konstitutsionno-pravovoy i filosofsko-pravovoy analiz // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. 2014. № 2. C. 1-46. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2014.2.10985. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_10985.html
Kostennikov M.V., Kurakin A.V., Tregubova E.V. Konstitutsionnoe pravo na provedenie mirnykh sobraniy, mitingov, demonstratsiy, shestviy i piketirovaniya i administrativnaya otvetstvennost' kak sredstvo ego obespecheniya // NB: Administrativnoe pravo i praktika administrirovaniya. 2013. № 8. C. 82-105. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9945.2013.8.9955. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/al/article_9955.html
Shelomentsev V.N. Konstitutsionno-pravovoe regulirovanie v ekologicheskoy sfere // Politika i Obshchestvo. 2013. № 4. S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.04.2
Narutto S.V. Konstitutsionnyy sudebnyy protsess: ponyatie, priznaki, osobennosti // Pravo i politika. 2013. № 5. S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.05.15.
Andreev M.V. Konstitutsionnye i mezhdunarodnye politiko-pravovye

Abstract: The object of this research is the relations on reformation of the Russian civil legislation. The subject of this research is the changes introduced into the Civil Code of the Russian Federation by the Federal Law No. 42-FZ of March 8, 2015. The author carefully examines the new rules of the Code, which were created under the influence of the common law doctrines; compares the content of “parent” doctrines with the new rules of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation; analyzes the mechanisms of infiltration of the common law doctrines into the Russian legal system, one of which consists the borrowing of the corresponding legal examples from entrepreneurial contracts, concluded between the Russian and foreign economic subjects. A conclusion is made that reformation of the Russian civil law is based on not only the Western European legal examples, which as claimed in the concept of development of civil legislation, are inherent to legislation of the countries of continental Europe, but also the common law doctrine that is “alien” to the Russian legal system. The author highlights that the common law doctrines are being borrowed directly from legislation of the countries from Anglo-Saxon legal family, as well as indirectly, from the practice of implementation of such doctrines that has been established within the Russian legal system.

Keywords: Codification, Systematization of legislation, Reform of civil legislation, Harmonization of law, Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Security payment, Disclaimer, Claim, Compensation of property losses, Common law doctrines

References:
O’Sullivan J., Hilliard J. The Law of Contract. NY.: Oxford University Press. 2008. P. 161.
Fisher M., Greenwood D. Contract Law in Hong Kong. HK.: Hong Kong University Press. 2011. P. 111.
Fox Ch. Working with Contracts: What Law School Does not Teach You. 2nd ed. – NY.: Law Practicing Institute. 2008. P. 292.
Sovremennoe mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo v Rossii i Evrosoyuze: monografiya / A. Aliev, Yu. Bazedov, M.P. Bardina i dr.; pod red. M.M. Boguslavskogo, A.G. Lisitsyna-Svetlanova, A. Trunka. M.: Norma, 2013. 656 s. [Elektronnyy resurs]: SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
Varavenko V.E. Sposoby obespecheniya ispolneniya obyazatel'stv, primenyaemye na osnovanii tipovykh dogovorov Mezhdunarodnoy federatsii inzhenerov konsul'tantov (FIDIC) // Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe i chastnoe pravo. 2012. № 6. S. 16-19.
Phang A., Yihan G., Koh P., Pey Woan L., Chee Ho T. The Law of Contract in Singapore. Singapore: Academy Publishing. 2012. P. 437.
Dictionary of Law. Seventh Edition. NY.: Oxford University Press. 2013. P. 584.

Abstract: This article provides an in-depth analysis of the French normative and doctrinal material and judicial practice on the questions associates with the creation and use of traditional and nontraditional objects of copyrights in the conditions of digital realities. The work reveals the changes in legal relations established between the actors of copyright law within the environment of the global information society. The author examines the modern European, and particularly, French legal mechanisms of regulation of the author relations. It is noted that France in a timely manner reacts to the new demands of digital reality with legal support, even though preserves the historically formed conceptual foundations of copyright law. These foundations are currently still being based on the maintenance of balance of interests of the author of the intellectual property and the society. The author is first in Russian to examine and generalize the modern experience of legal regulation of author legal relations in France that accumulated in the area of creation and use of the works and other objects of copyright law within the information environment and presents considerable importance for the assessment and improvement of the European legislation on copyright law. The author explored the legal regime of multimedia products, including websites and audiovisual works. The article also underlines the achievements of French legislation on the course of intersection of the legal and digital realities. 

Keywords: audiovisual work, literary work, multimedia product, copyright, website, Intellectual Property Code, computer program, database, Internet, author

References:
Lebed' V.V. Avtorskoe pravo sovremennoy Frantsii // Pravo i politika. - 2015. - 1. - C. 121 - 138. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2015.1.13975.
V.V. Efremova. Avtorskoe pravo na proizvedeniya izobrazitel'nogo iskusstva v Rossii i Frantsii. M.: Nota Bene, 2009. 134 s.
V.V. Lebed' (Efremova). Proizvedeniya iskusstva v avtorskom prave. M.: Knigodel, 2011. 110 s.
M. Vivant, J-M. Bruguière. Droit dʼ auteur. P.: Dalloz, 2009. 1230 p.
P. Tafforeau. Droit de la propriété intellectuelle. P.: Guliano éditeur. 2004. 554 p.
G. Cornu. Vocabulaire juridique. P.: PUF, 2005. 1093 p.
P.-Y. Gautier. Propriété littéraire et artistique. P.: PUF, 2007. 983 p.
Code de la propriété intellectuelle. P.: Dalloz, 2006. 1287 p.
J.-M. Bruguière. Droit des propriétés intellectuelles. P.: Ellipses, 2011.180 p.

Abstract:   Latin American constitutionalism has a rich history. Over the last decades, the constitutional law of the majority of countries of the region experiences a new stage of transformation, which acquired the title of Latin American neo-constitutionalism. The goal of this article consists in determination of the fundamental conceptual characteristics of this phenomenon. The object of this research is the constitutions of several countries of Latin America, adopted after 1985. These documents reflect the political and social processes of the late XX – early XXI centuries: “left turn”, empowerment of Indigenismo, and growth of the political activity among indigenous population. The author carries outs a comparative analysis of the newest constitutions of the countries of Latin America based on the conceptual ideas of the foreign legal experts, who belonged to the school of neo-constitutionalists or their opponents. The conclusion is made that despite the national differences, all of these constitutions have common features, which allow characterizing them as the component of a single phenomenon. In the author’s opinion, the following features are typical to all of the Latin American constitutions of the late XX – early XXI centuries: egalitarianism, pluralism, radical democracy, heightened attention towards the rights of the natives, as well as orientation towards deconstruction of paradigm of nation state that is characteristic to modernity.  

Keywords: Human rights, Indigenismo, Political transformation, Legal reform, Latin America, Pluralism, Nation state, Constitution, Neo-constitutionalism, Constitutional law

References:
Abramova M. G. Politiko-pravovaya aksiologiya novogo konstitutsionnogo stroitel'stva v Latinskoy Amerike // Yuridicheskaya mysl'. 2014. № 4 (84). S. 87-93.
Kostogryzov P.I. Pravovoy plyuralizm v Bolivii: problemy i perspektivy obshchinnoy yustitsii // Rossiyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. 2013. № 4. S. 122-131.
Kostogryzov P. I. Yuridicheskiy plyuralizm kak printsip pozitivnogo prava: opyt latinoamerikanskogo neokonstitutsionalizma // Nauchnyy ezhegodnik Instituta filosofii i prava Ural'skogo otdeleniya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk. 2015. Tom 15. Vyp. 2, s. 99–111.
Ávila Santamaría, R. El neoconstitucionalismo transformador: El estado y el derecho en la Constitución de 2008, Quito, Abya Yala, Univ. Andina Simón Bolívar, Fundación Rosa Luxemburg, 2011, 307 p.
Chalco Salgado, J. ¿Neo o Nuevo constitucionalismo? // DIARIO EL TIEMPO DE CUENCA, May 23, 2015.
Chile: Bachelet anuncia nueva Constitución y reformas contra la corrupción // http://www.bbc.com/mund

Abstract: This article discusses the issue of the legislative regulation of the concept and characteristics of public association in the post-Soviet Ukraine. The subject of this research is the legal and actual nature of the concept of “public association”. The author examines the difficulties of the Ukrainian reform in application of some of the European standards of the constitutional law regulation of such institutions of civil society as political parties and public associations. Analysis is conducted on the separate positions of the new Ukrainian law “On Public Associations” of 2012 and their correspondence with the Constitution of Ukraine of 1996. The author substantiates that in the current political legal realities of Ukraine, the administrative approach of the legislator in defining the concept of “public association” is unjustified. The current version of the Ukrainian law “On Associations of Citizens” of 2012 does not correspond with the constitutional thesis on citizens’ right to freedom of formation into political parties and public organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to use the positive experience of application of the norms of the repealed law “On Associations of Citizens” in the legislative practice of Ukraine.

Keywords: Constitution of Ukraine, constitutionalization, legal regulation, social interests, right to associate, post-Soviet space, civil society, political parties, public associations, freedom of expression

References:
Federal'nyy zakon ot 19.05.1995 № 82-FZ (red. ot 21.07.2014) "Ob obshchestvennykh ob'edineniyakh" // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF.1995.№21 St.1930
Lipinskiy D.A., Musatkina A.A. Obshchestvennaya opasnost' pravonarusheniya v nauchnykh i zakonodatel'nykh opredeleniyakh Rossii i zarubezhnykh stran // Voprosy bezopasnosti. - 2015. - 3. - C. 24 - 44. DOI: 10.7256/2409-7543.2015.3.15941. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_15941.html
Slyusarevs'kiy M. «Fundamental'nі printsipi shchodo statusu neuryadovikh organіzatsіy v Єvropі» – orієntir pri reformuvannі zakonodavstva Ukraїni // Yuridichniy Radnik. 2007. № 3(17). S.31-35.
Rishennya Єvropeys'kogo sudu z prav lyudini u spravі «Korets'kiy ta іnshі proti Ukraїni» za zayavoyu № 40269/02 vіd 3 kvіtnya 2008 roku [elektronnyy resurs]: http://zakon.nau.ua/doc/?uid=1079.5658.1.
Cem'orkіna O.M. Kharakteristika gromads'kikh formuvan' yak іnstitutіv gromadyans'kogo suspіl'stva // Arkhіv novin Mіnіsterstva yustitsії Ukraїni vіd 24 sіchnya 2011 r. [elek

Abstract: In this article the author gives attention to the questions of militarization and demilitarization of the penal system of Russia. Accent is made on the historically established facts that affect militarization of penitentiary system. The signs of militarization and demilitarization of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia are being revealed. Taking into account the surveys conducted among the accredited employees of penal system, the author carefully examines the separate signs of militarization and demilitarization of penal system. The author points out the problem of determination of the place of Federal Penitentiary Service within the system of government agencies. The main conclusion of this work consists in the fact that over time, the penal system will deviate from the effect of militarized standards. Its activity will manifest polar origins in both aspects – militarization, as well as demilitarization. It must produce a positive effect upon the security of the entire penitentiary department.

Keywords: Military service, Special rank, Penitentiary system reform, Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Type of uniform, Civil service, Security, Penal system, Demilitarization, Militarization

References:
V oprose prinimalo uchastie 187 attestovannykh sotrudnikov uchrezhdeniy i organov FSIN Rossii Privolzhskogo federal'nogo okruga, a takzhe kursanty 5 kursa Samarskogo yuridicheskogo instituta FSIN Rossii, imeyushchie spetsial'nye zvaniya «mladshiy leytenant vnutrenney sluzhby».
Bakhrakh D.N. Administrativnoe pravo Rossii [Tekst]: uchebnik. – 6-e izd., pererab. i dop. – M.: Eksmo, 2011. – S. 247, 248.
Ob itogakh sluzhebnoy deyatel'nosti po konvoirovaniya v 2014 godu i merakh po ee sovershenstvovaniyu [Tekst] // Informatsionnoe pis'mo FSIN Rossii ot 04.03.2015 № 03–10517.
O vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii [Tekst]: Federal'nyy zakon ot 22.07.2010 № 156-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. –2010. – № 30. – St. 3987.
O vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii (v chasti sovershenstvovaniya poryadka prokhozhdeniya sluzhby v organakh vnutrennikh del) [Tekst]: Zakonoproekt № 331356-5 // Avtomatizirovannaya sistema obespecheniya za

Abstract: The subject of this research is the “e-government”, theory and practice of its implementation in different countries, including Russia wherein, based on realization of the federal target program “Electronic Russia”, have been established the State automated system “Administration”, Multifunctional centers of provision of public and municipal services, Centers of public access to information of the federal executive authorities, Common Government Services Portal (functions). An important aspect of the examined topic is the analysis of such elements as “e-government”, “e-parliament”, and “e-justice”, as well as the main difficulties and prospects of their introduction into public administration. The author’s main contribution consists in the comprehensive study of theory and practice of implementation of “e-government” into public administration system of the modern Russia, as well as the analysis of the international experience of realization of “e-government”, “e-parliament”, and “e-justice” that can be adjusted to the Russian circumstances.

Keywords: public services, Internet portal, electronic document management, openness, e-justice, e-parliament, e-government, Russian Federation, electronic participation, new media

References:
Riley T.B. E-Government vs. e-Governance: Examining the differences in a changing public sector climate. URL: http://www.eldis.org/static/DOC12044.htm. (data obrashcheniya: 01.04.2015).
Federal'naya tselevaya programma «Elektronnaya Rossiya (2002–2010 gody)». URL: http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/activity/programs/6/ (data obrashcheniya: 02.05.2015).
Ponomarenko N. Problemy razrabotki i vnedreniya GAS «Zakonotvorchestvo». URL: http://www.gosbook.ru/node/19104; Materialy prezidiuma Soveta po razvitiyu informatsionnogo obshchestva 22 fevralya 2011 g. / http://www.gosbook.ru/node/17093 (data obrashcheniya: 01.04.2015).
O gosudarstvennoy avtomatizirovannoy sisteme Rossiyskoy Federatsii «Vybory». URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_160133/ (data obrashcheniya: 02.06.2015).
Kontseptsiya integratsii administrativnoy reformy i FTsP «Elektronnaya Rossiya». URL: http://www.elrussia.ru/files/manifest/manifest_1.1_jul06.doc (data obrashcheniya: 07.06.2015).
Kontseptsiya gosudarstvennogo ucheta. U

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of the changes of the legislation on protection of family rights. The new amendments to the Family Code of the Russian Federation effective January 10 of 2016 are meant to eliminate the gap in the legal regulation and expand the protection options for family rights. But a conclusion is made that these changes cannot be considered sufficient under the modern conditions of development of family relations and the accumulated legal precedent. It seems that attempts to make targeted changes in the Family Code of the Russian Federation will not deliver the desired result. The Code requires a worked out conceptual foundation for modernization of the family legislation. The author concludes that the problem of means of protection of family rights has an interbranch character, since it includes issues of application of general legal principles that stem from the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and principles established in the codified acts of civil and family legislation of the Russian Federation. The Family Code of the Russian Federation does not contain the necessary general position on protection of family rights: on forms and means of protection of family rights; on role and place of mediation in resolution of family law disputes (conflicts); on personal protection of family rights; on principles of protection of family rights and legal interests; on the system of means of protection or at least the list thereof.

Keywords: Interbranch issue, List of means of protection, Expansion of means, Civil law means, Changes to the family law, Protection of rights, Protection of legal interests, Specific means of protection, Legal interests, Protection of family rights

References:
Kodeks o brake i sem'e RSFSR: Utv. VS RSFSR 30.07.1969 (v red. ot 07.03.1995, s izm. ot 29.12.1995) M., «Yuridicheskaya literatura», 1993.
Vorozheykin E.M. Semeynye pravootnosheniya v SSSR. M.: Yurid. Lit., 1972. 216 s.
Postanovlenie Prezidiuma VAS RF ot 20.10.2010 g. № 4372/10.
Levushkin A.N. Sistema semeynogo zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii i drugikh gosudarstv-uchastnikov SNG: model' postroeniya i tendentsii razvitiya // Semeynoe i zhilishchnoe pravo. 2014. № 3. S. 29-32.
Osnovy grazhdanskogo zakonodatel'stva Soyuza SSR i respublik (utv. Verkhovnym Sovetom SSSR 31.05.1991 № 2211-1, v red. ot 26.11.2001) // Vedomosti SND SSSR i VS SSSR. 1991. № 26 St. 734.
Ekspertnoe zaklyuchenie na proekt Kontseptsii sovershenstvovaniya semeynogo zakonodatel'stva RF // Podgotovleno kafedroy grazhdanskoyu prava SPbGU po porucheniyu Soveta pri Prezidente RF po kodifikatsii i sovershenstvovaniyu grazhdanskogo zakonodatel'stva. Dokument dostupen po adresu: http://zakon.ru/discussion
Ekspertnoe z

Abstract: This article explores the principles of legal regulation of foreign investments into the fuel and energy complex. The author examines the questions of influence of international (supranational) law upon the formation of these principles, as well as the prerequisites of creation of the principles of legal regulations of foreign investments into the fuel and energy complex. This work analyzes the legislation of various countries on regulation of foreign investments, including those in the energy sphere, and highlights a number of general principles of the legal regulation of foreign investments into the fuel and energy complex, which are characterized as the principles of liberalization of investments and protection of the rights of the investors. The author notes that the principles of legal regulation of foreign investments into the fuel and energy complex were formulated under the influence of globalization and liberalization of trade. As a result, their essence is defined by the imperatives of protection of the rights of foreign investors and liberalization of the domestic market for foreign investors. At the same time, the specificity of the energy sphere (i.e. its influence upon provision of national security) led to the need for creation if the principle of limitation of foreign investments into the national energy complex, which is being implemented rather unequally, varying from country to country, as well as from energy sector to another.

Keywords: liberalization, supranational law, international law, national legislation, foreign countries, fuel and energy complex, legal regulation, foreign investment, principles, protection of investor rights

References:
M. Sun, H. Su, J. Zhang, China, inEnergyRegulationandMarketsReview. – 2015. – 4. p. 69
Avtonomov A.S., Zenkin I.V. Printsip nediskriminatsii investorov v dogovore k energeticheskoy khartii//Gosudarstvo i pravo. – 2013. – № 11. – s. 60-68.
Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 16 dekabrya 1994 g. «O podpisanii Dogovora k Energeticheskoy Khartii i svyazannykh s nim dokumentov»//Sobranie zakonodatel'stva rossiyskoy Federatsii. St. 3628.
S.J. Kobrin, TheDeterminantsofLiberalizationof FDI PolicyinDevelopingCountries: A Cross-SectionalAnalysis, 1992-2001, TransnationalCorporations, 2005. №14(1), rr. 67-104.
A.S. John.Economic Policy, Institutions, and Capital Flows: Portfolio and Direct Investment Flows in Developing Countries, International Studies Quarterly. 2006. № 50, rr. 681–704.
Anufrieva, A. A. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie inostrannykh investitsiy v ES-na primere kapitalovlozheniy v toplivno-energeticheskiy kompleks ES. Diss… kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2013. S. 56.<

Abstract: The subject of this research is the theoretical positions of the most common concepts of interethnic cooperation and their separate variations, some of which are the concepts of “Marxism-Leninism”, “melting pot”, “nation-building”, “Eurasianism”, “multiculturalism”, “cultural pluralism”, as well as the legal norms that establish and regulate the order of their practical application in Russia. The subject of this research dictates its goal as determination of the problematic questions of application of the concepts of interethnic cooperation within Russian legislation. A special attention is given to the analysis of the essential specificity of the concepts of international cooperation from the perspective of their influence on the positive or negative “movement of nations”.  The author concludes that there are only four independent concepts of interethnic cooperation, which brings nations closer together or pushes them apart. Analysis of the norms of the Russian legislation confirms a predominant orientation towards realization of the concept of “multiculturalism” using the national-cultural autonomy and constitutional guarantees of “national” rights and very little towards realization of the concept of “nation-building”, which in author’s opinion and taking into account the causes of interethnic contradictions in Russia, hinders the achievement of goals with regards to consolidation of the society and the country.

Keywords: national-cultural autonomy, nation, international cooperation, concept, interethnic contradiction, state national policy, Constitution, Strategy, multiculturalism, nation-building

References:
Yusupovskiy A.M. Strategicheskie problemy natsional'nogo razvitiya: k sravnitel'nomu analizu prioritetov gosudarstvennoy natsional'noy politiki [Tekst] / A.M. Yusupovskiy // Gosudarstvennaya vlast' i mestnoe samoupravlenie. – 2008.-№ 4.-C. 3.
Alfimtsev V.N. O kontseptsiyakh mezhnatsional'nogo vzaimodeystviya i «dvizhenii natsiy» [Tekst] / V.N. Alfimtsev // Nauchnye perspektivy XXI veka. Dostizheniya i perspektivy ovogo stoletiya. III mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya, 15-16 avgusta g. Novosibirsk. Novosibirsk, 2014.-S. 9.
Marks K., Engel's, F. Sochineniya [Tekst]: v 50 t. T. 3 / K. Marks, F. Engel's.-M., 1974.-C. 61, 70.
Petukhova T. N. Mul'tikul'turalizm kak odna iz kontseptsiy mezhetnicheskogo vzaimodeystviya [Tekst] / T.N. Petukhova // Rossiyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal.-2012.-№ 2.-S. 3.
Maynicheva A.Yu. Problemy etnichnosti i samoidentifikatsii v rabotakh zarubezhnykh avtorov: istoriograficheskiy ocherk [Elektronnyy resurs] / A.Yu. Maynicheva / URL: http://www.sati.archae

Abstract: This article examines the current state of the legislation in the area of regulation of responsibility for administrative offences in the Irkutsk Oblast. According to the legal information system ConsultantPlus there have been over 60 new laws passed in the Irkutsk Oblast, which leads to difficulties in legal application. The article explores the experience of other constituents of the Russian Federation and foreign nations in the issues of codification of normative acts in the area of responsibility for administrative offences, as well as presents recommendations for codification of said normative acts in the Irkutsk Oblast. The author conducts a legal comparative analysis with the legislations of other constituents of the Russian Federation and foreign countries. The Irkutsk Oblast currently does not have a codified normative legal act in the area of responsibility for administrative offences, while has the necessary prerequisites for its passing.

Keywords: inevitability of punishment, systematization of law, code, administrative responsibility, administrative offense, Irkutsk Oblast, law, codification, environment, legislative process

References:
Kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh (KoAP RF) ot 30 dek. 2001 g. N 195-FZ // Ros. gaz.-2001.-31 dek.
Kodeks Omskoy oblasti ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh : Zakon Omskoy oblasti ot 24 iyulya 2006 g. N 770-OZ // Vedomosti Zakonodatel'nogo Sobraniya Omskoy oblasti. – 2006.-N 2(47).-St. 2936.
Kodeks Respubliki Tatarstan ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh ot 19 dek. 2006 g. N 80-ZRT // Respublika Tatarstan.-2006.-N 256.
Kodeks goroda Moskvy ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh : Zakon g. Moskvy ot 21 noyab. 2007 g. N 45 // Vedomosti Moskovskoy gorodskoy Dumy.-2008.-N 12.-St. 251.
Ob administrativnoy otvetstvennosti za pravonarusheniya v sfere perevozki passazhirov i bagazha transportom obshchego pol'zovaniya gorodskogo i prigorodnogo soobshcheniya v Irkutskoy oblasti : Zakon Irkutskoy oblasti ot 10 dek. 2007 g. N 124-oz // Vedomosti ZS Irkutskoy oblasti. – 2007.-N 36 (tom 1).
Ob administrativnoy otvetstvennosti za narushenie pravil pol'zovaniya

Abstract: The subject of this research is the civil legal regulation of priority rights within the historical-legal and theoretical-legal aspects on the examples of Russian legislation of the corresponding periods on the part of determination of the subject of such rights, their essence, development trends, and continuity of regulation. The author carefully examines the cases where the acting civil legislation can deviate from the principle of equality, granting priority rights to some parties of the civil process, and giving them legal advantage over others. A special attention is given to the priority rights in the context of development of corporate law, as well as to the detected trend of evolution of the legal regulation of priority rights as one that is taken out of the rest of the law – from class privileges, which gave subjects exclusive position (imperial period), to rights of priority purchase and order of its realization (during the Soviet period). The contemporary priority rights are classified by two groups: signing a contract, and purchase (acquisition).

Keywords: property turnover, right of ownership, Russian Empire, property, privileges, civil law, law, priority, circulation, civil-legal regulation

References:
Grant Dzh. Obzor teorii i praktiki primeneniya printsipa preimushchestvennykh prav. EU/TACIS, 2005. 49 c.
Apellyatsionnoe opredelenie Sudebnoi kollegii po grazhdanskim delam Novosibirskogo oblastnogo suda (delo 33-10393/2015) ot 1 dekabrya 2015 g.// RosPravosudie. Pravovoi portal https://rospravosudie.com/court-novosibirskij-oblastnoj-sud-novosibirskaya-oblast-s/act-501348019/
Apellyatsionnoe opredelenie Sudebnoi kollegii po grazhdanskim delam Rostovskogo oblastnogo suda (delo № 33-18726/2015) ot 3 dekabrya 2015 g.// https://rospravosudie.com/court-rostovskij-oblastnoj-sud-rostovskaya-oblast-s/act-494110510/
Grechenig K. Discriminating Shareholders through the Exclusion of Pre-emption Rights?-The European Infringement Proceeding against Spain (C-338/06)// European Company and Financial Law Review (ECFR) 2007, P. 517-592.
Black's Law Dictionary. Ed. B.A. Garner St. Paul, Minnesota, USA: Thomson Reuters, 2009. P. 261-277.
Apellyatsionnoe opredelenie Sudebnoi kollegii po grazhdanskim delam Ke

Abstract: Global administration for sustainable development is being explored as a global political process, the course of which is aimed at a targeted formation and realization of mechanisms of transfer of the administrative authority to a global level, capable of effectively resolving global issues and inclusion of global processes into the strategy of survival of humanity. Sustainable development means global strategy of solution to the global socio-natural contradiction between the growing consumption and the inability of the biosphere to meet this demand, and in a more general case, as a safer form of self-organization of the civilization. In the current political reality, there is only a place for the processes of regulation, which characterize the function of elemental establishment of a global order through the structure of cooperation between transnational and global actors. We are yet to be able to speak about global administration as a realistic and efficiently implemented function of global civilization. The authors formulate the core characteristics of the future global administration as the key global social function and political civilizational project on the path of transitioning the humanity towards sustainable development.

Keywords: Globalization, Global threat, Global processes, Global order, Global regulation, Global administration, International system, World politics, Socio-natural contradiction, Sustainable development

References:
Ney J. The Paradox of American Power. Why the World’s Only Superpower Can’t Go it Alone. Oxford, 2002.
Latham R. Towards a Critique of Global Governance// Approaches to Global Governance Theory. By Martin Hewson, Timothy J. Sinclair. New York, 1999.
Lennox V. Conceptualising Global Governance in International Relations [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: http://www.e-ir.info/2008/10/03/conceptualising-global-governance-in-international-relations/ (data obrashcheniya: 06.07.2014)
Krasner S. Sovereignty: Organised Hypocrisy. Princeton, 1999.
GEO-5. Global'naya ekologicheskaya perspektiva. Rezyume dlya politikov. Nairobi: YuNEP, 2012.
Dresner S. The principles of sustainability. L., 2002.
Earth System Governance [Elektronnyi resurs] // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_system_governance (data obrashcheniya: 06.07.2014).
Dixneuf M. La santé, enjeu de gouvernance mondiale ? // Les études du Céri. 2003. Décembre.
Dingwerth K., Pattberg Ph. Global Governance as a Perspect

Abstract: This article discusses the legal and technical regulations in the sphere of halal products. The trade in halal products has recently expanded in the global market, including the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors have observed the changes in the product labelling in 2015 and elaborated some practical methods for consumers concerned with identifying the “halal” labeled products. They have also looked into issues that may arise in the legal regulation of this sphere. In addition to analyzing the specifics in the products certification (legal and technical regulation), the authors also identify some examples of rights abuses. Recommendations provided and conclusions reached on the subject in question can be essential for a successful trade performance of halal merchandise in the Russian Federation and other countries of the CIS. The implementation of the authors’ proposals can contribute to both, a more effective protection of consumer rights, and have an impact on commercial performers acting in bad faith, as the latter would bear a risk on an equal basis with the state. In case of breaching common rules and regulations, such performers would discredit the religious products made in their countries on the global market.

Keywords: products, voluntary certification, manufacturer, standardization, technical regulation, adal, halal, quality, safety, protection of consumer rights

References:
Marku Zh. Sotsial'nye funktsii institutov grazhdanskogo prava
(na primere zakonodatel'stva o zashchite prav potrebiteley) // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya / Journal of foreighn legislation and comparative law. - 2014. - 5. - C. 771 - 773.
V Kazakhstane nadpis' «Khalal» na tovarakh zamenyat na «Adal» [Elektronnyy resurs] / NUR.KZ. Dostup k stat'e: http://news.nur.kz/355409.html.
«Khalyal'» – na «adal», i videokamery na proizvodstvo! [Elektronnyy resurs] / Islamskoe obozrenie. Dostup k stat'e: http://islamreview.ru/news/halal-na-adal-i-videokamery-na-proizvodstvo/.
Titova D. Razvitie industrii «Khalyal'» v Rossi [Elektronnyy resurs] / rosfood.info. Dostup k stat'e: http://rosfood.info/upload/iblock/8fb/44-45.PDF.
Tyuekpaeva Z.B., Shakirov A.T. «Khalal» — garantiya kachestva i bezopasnosti // «Baytursynovskie chteniya — 2014». – 2014. – S. 67-69.
Rynok khalyal': mezhdunarodnyy opyt i malaziyskaya praktika [Elektronnyy esurs] / MuslimEco.Ru. Dostup k

Abstract: This article reviews the legal regulation of telework in the labor legislation of the Republic of Poland. The subject of this research is the processes of establishment of Polish labor law and peculiarities of the implementation of the “Framework Agreement of Telework” passed by the European Union. Despite the rapidly growing interest of modern researches towards new forms of employment, including those based on Internet technologies, there is insufficient research of foreign legislation (especially Polish) and requires close attention of the scholars. Within the framework of this article the author makes the following determinations: peculiarities and level of implementation of the “Framework Agreement of Telework” into Polish labor legislation in comparison to some other member-states of the European Union; comparison of the conceptual apparatus; the basic rights and responsibilities of telework employees and their employers in Poland.

Keywords: Online employment, Social partnership, Telework, Polish labor law, Freelance, Information society, Atypical employment, Post-industrial society, Distance work, Work from home

References:
Get'man-Pavlova I.V. Kollizionnoe regulirovanie v mezhdunarodnom chastnom trudovom prave // Vestnik MGPU. Seriya: Yuridicheskie nauki. 2008. №1. S. 107-114.
Demicheva Z.B. K voprosu o ponyatii «Pravovye standarty Soveta Evropy» // Moskov. zhurn. mezhdunar. prava. 2006. №
S. 42—52. 3.Dzybova S.G. Obshchie zakonomernosti norm mezhdunarodnogo prava v natsional'noe zakonodatel'stvo // Vestnik Adygeyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 1: Regionovedenie: filosofiya, istoriya, sotsiologiya, yurisprudentsiya, politologiya, kul'turologiya. 2010. №1. S.180-185.
Krasil'nikova E.V. Priroda internet-ekonomika // Izvestiya Samarskogo universiteta. Seriya: Ekonomika, upravlenie, pravo. 2010. Vyp. 2. S. 9-14.
Luchinin A.L. Osobennosti mekhanizma implementatsii evropeyskogo prava: Dis. … kand.yurid.nauk.. Kazan'. 2006. 177 s.
Gimpel'son V., Kapelyushnikov R. Nestandartnaya zanyatost' i rossiyskiy rynok truda. Preprint WP3/2005/05. M.: GU VShE/ 2005. 36 s.
Pavlova L.V. Formy i metody implementa

Abstract: Based on the comparative legal material this article examines the issues of legal obligation and possibility of application of other measures of influence in cases of patient’s (including athletes) abnormal treatment of their body, influences by parents in cases involving children – in making a decision on circumcision, blood transfusion; in cases involving athletes – in usage of doping. This work characterizes the legislation, doctrinal positions and legal precedent of Germany, Poland, and other countries. The author substantiates the need for further juridization of medical law and advancement of athletic law; offers examples of conflict situations and legal solutions, as well as examines the most pressing political legal factors that affect the criminalization or decriminalization of medical intervention into the physical integrity, citizens’ right to personal decision as a result of religious, ethnic, or other beliefs. A comparison is made of the bans and sanction for violations thereof; analysis is conducted on the requirements and recommendations recognized by the international community, as well as the possibility of using foreign experience in order to address similar issues in Russia.

Keywords: Doping, Law, Health, Medicine, Circumcision, Patient, Right, Transfusion, Physical integrity, Athlete

References:
Ivan'skiy M. Prestupleniya dopinga (st. 50 Zakona o sporte) // Pan'stvo i pravo. 2011. № 7-8 S. 102-112
Renzikowski: Strafrecht in einer multikulturellen Gesellschaft NJW. 2014. № 35S. S. 2539-2542
Tatjana Hörnle, Kultur, Religion, Strafrecht-Neue Herausforderung in pluralistische Gesellschaft, NJW-Beilage. Heft 2 2014 S. 35-39
Rolf Dietrich Herzberg «Steht dem biblischen Gebot der Beschneidung ein rechtliches Verbot entgegen?” in Medizinrecht, 2012-3, S. 169-175
Matthias Drobinski, SZ 26.06.2012 “Wenn die Richter zu Schiedsrichtern der Religion werden”

Abstract: Currently, works is being done on the Concept of improving the family legislation of the Russian Federation. The author substantiates the relevance and importance of the scientific research of the legal status of parents in order to devise proposals for the legislator. Arguments are being made to support the positions of the authors of this Concept called into question by the conclusion of experts that the primary measure should become the elimination of legal uncertainty of the categorical apparatus. The object of this research is the relations between parents and children. The subject is the scientific achievements in the area of family, civil and general theory laws; legislation and legal practice. The author proposes an original approach towards the understanding of the terms “parent” and “child”, and formulates specific recommendations on updates to the positions of Articles 47 and 54 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation. It is a juridical fact that the necessary and sufficient basis for status of a parent is birth of a child. Therefore, the author proposes to change the current rules of birth registration, and forms the conclusions on the need to make changes in the legislation on the registration of acts of civil condition in order to match the criteria of international legislation.

Keywords: protection of children, concept, population policy, state family policy, family law, child, parent, legal status, birth registration, protection of parental rights

References:
Velichkova O. I. O ponyatii «rebenok» v svete polozheniy Semeynogo kodeksa RF i Konventsii o pravakh rebenka//Semeynoe pravo na rubezhe KhKh-KhI vekov: k 20-letiyu Konventsii OON o pravakh rebenka: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, g. Kazan', Kazanskiy (Privolzhskiy) federal'nyy universitet, 18 dekabrya 2010 g. / Otv. red. O. N. Nizamieva. - M.: Statut, 2011. - S. 149-152.
Tret'yakov S. K probleme ispol'zovaniya istoricheskoy argumentatsii v tsivilisticheskoy dogmatike: v sb. Istoriya rossiyskikh grazhdanskikh zakonov. Chast' pervaya: Vvedenie i kniga pervaya o soyuzakh semeystvennykh. - m.: Statut, 2005. - 509 s. (Klassika rossiyskoy tsivilistiki).
Letova N. V. Pravovoy status rebenka v grazhdanskom i semeynom prave: avtoref.dis….d-ra yurid nauk. - M., 2013. - 46 s.
Mantulina O. O. Obyazannosti roditeley po soderzhaniyu nesovershennoletnikh detey v Rossii i zarubezhnykh stranakh // Pravo i politika. – 2015. – № 9. – S. 1291 - 1297. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2015.9.16171.<

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the development of political system of the Republic of Adygea at the time of establishment of its statehood. The author examines such aspects of the topic as relations between Adygea and Krasnodar Krai during the period in question, influence of the ethnical factor upon the political development of the republic, formation of the electoral system and the constitutional mechanism of the division of powers. This work thoroughly analyzes the key contradictions which became a reason for existing conflicts and disputes, as well as the specificity of Adygea in the context of other republics of North Caucasus. The conclusion is made about the importance of ethnic factor during the establishment of the political system of Adygea, which manifested itself in the context of the Constitution of the Republic of Adygea, as well as in the electoral practices. The juridical analysis of the normative legal base allowed us to conclude that Adygea formed a semi-presidential model of government.

Keywords: Electoral systems, Conflicts, Constitutional structure, Ethnic groups, Political system, Political development, Adygea, Disolution of USSR, Sovereignty, Cultural division

References:
Dzharimov A. A. Adygeya: ot avtonomii k respublike.-Izdatel'stvo AUTOPAN. – M.: 1995.
Respubliki Severnogo Kavkaza: etnopoliticheskaya situatsiya i otnosheniya s federal'nym Tsentrom: Monografiya / Nauchnyy redaktor i sostavitel' I.G. Kosikov.-M.: MAKS Press, 2012.
Kokorkhoeva D. S. Institutsionalizatsiya organov gosudarstvennoy vlasti kak faktor politicheskogo protsessa v Respublike Adygeya // Obshchestvo. Ekonomika. Pravo. 2011. №2.
Kazenin K. «Tikhie» konflikty na Severnom Kavkaze: Adygeya, Kabardino-Balkariya, Karachaevo-Cherkesiya. – M.: REGNUM. 2009.
Mezhetnicheskie i konfessional'nye otnosheniya v Yuzhnom federal'nom okruge. Ekspertnyy doklad / Pod. red. V. A. Tishkova, L.L. Khoperskoy, V.V. Stepanova. – M. – Rostov-na-Donu. 2013
Gazeta «G'uaz» («Vestnik»). №11. 08.06.1991.
Beretar' T.A. Konstitutsiya Respubliki Adygeya: osobennosti mekhanizma razdeleniya i vzaimodeystviya vlastey // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. Norma. 1999. № 7/8

Abstract: Over the recent years, the interest in electronic democracy has increased, and the ability to implement technical means attracted a bigger audience towards electronic voting. The goal of this work is to explore the experience of Brazil, Canada. And the United states in the area of implementing the electronic voting. The author analyzes the development process of the electronic voting within mentioned countries, as well as the measures taken in order to protect the means of this type of voting. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the fact that for the first time within the framework of the Russian juridical science, the international experience of implementing the system of electronic voting on the example of Brazil and Canada is being thoroughly examined. This work emphasizes that application of electronic voting has lots of advantages: speed of counting voices and receiving results, increase of voters’ turnout, voters’ trust towards the modern voting system, and many others. Based on the conducted research, the conclusions are made about the possible positive effect of the international experience upon the development and advancement of the Russian system of electoral democracy, as well as the need for further development of the system of electronic voting.

Keywords: Electronic voting, Brazil, Canada, United States, Machines, Internet, Elections, Technologies, Safety, Electoral system

References:
M. O. Gvozdeva Mezhdunarodnyy i rossiyskiy
opyt Internet-golosovaniya // Politika i Obshchestvo. - 2012. - 1. - C. 137 - 151.
Shunkevich D.V. Mnogoagentnyy podkhod k postroeniyu mashin obrabotki znaniy na osnove semanticheskikh setey // NB: Kibernetika i programmirovanie. - 2013. - 1. - C. 37 - 45. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4196.2013.1.8299. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/kp/article_8299.html
Markham. Municipal election results offer case for e-voting / ITBusiness.ca. [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: http://www.itbusiness.ca/it/client/en/Home/News.asp? id=41134&bSearch=True (data obrashcheniya: 21.04.2014).
I. A. Bronnikov. Internet kak resurs politicheskoy vlasti // Pravo i politika. – 2011. – № 6.
G. L. Akopov. Politicheskaya internet-modernizatsiya: nekotorye teoreticheskie predposylki k issledovaniyu // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2011. – № 8. – S. 104-107.
G. L. Akopov. Politiko-pravovye ugrozy rasprostraneniya sotsial'no orientirovannykh internet-tekhnologiy // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / n

Abstract: The subject of this research is the organizational and legal bases of reorganization of the federal branches of executive authority. The author examines various forms of reorganization of the executive branches of government, including foundation, transformation, merger, renaming, abolition, and compares them with the forms of reorganization of corporations. Each form of reorganization is illustrated by actual examples of the changes that have recently taken place within government administration. A special role in this research is played by the President of the Russian Federation in determination of the legal foundation of the functionality of the federal branches of executive authority. Among the main conclusions are the substantiated need to pass a federal law “On Federal Branches of Executive Authority”; formulated legal and political risks of the legal regulation of the systems and structure of the federal branches of executive authority; systematized forms of reorganization of federal branches of executive authority. Another noteworthy conclusion is on the difference between the nature of transformation within corporate structures, and the branches of executive authority.

Keywords: reorganization, transformation, president, government, agencies, services, ministries, executive authorities, administrative reform, legal regulation

References:
O strukture federal'nykh organov ispolnitel'noy vlasti : Ukaz Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 21 maya 2012 g. № 636 // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii. – 2012. – № 22.-St. 2754
Baranenkov V.V. Grazhdansko-pravovaya lichnost' organov gosudarstvennoy vlasti (k voprosu o yuridicheskikh litsakh publichnogo prava) / V.V. Baranenkov // Gosudarstvennaya vlast' i mestnoe samoupravlenie. – 2007.-№ 6. – C. 3-6
Savvinova Yu.A. Problemy, voznikayushchie pri reorganizatsii organov gosudarstvennoy vlasti / Yu.A. Savvinova // Sovremennoe pravo. – 2009.-№ 12. – S. 42-44
O merakh po sovershenstvovaniyu gosudarstvennogo regulirovaniya v sfere finansovogo rynka Rossiyskoy Federatsii : Ukaz Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 4 marta 2011 g. № 270 // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii. – 2011.-№ 10. – St. 1341
O strukture federal'nykh organov ispolnitel'noy vlasti : Ukaz Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 17 maya 2000 g. № 867 // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii. –

Abstract: The subject of this research is the distinct specificity of the state registration of rights to real estate and real estate transactions within the Crimean Federal Okrug. The article examines the current legislation in the Republic of Crimea in the area of real estate. A comparison is conducted on the law “On Peculiarities of Regulation of Property and Land Relations in the Republic of Crimea” with the norms of the Federal Law “On State Registration of Real Rights on Real Estate Property” of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The author points out specific aspects within the Crimean legislation with regards to state registration of real rights and real estate. The discovered peculiarities are intended to organize turnover of real estate with consideration of the peculiarities that has formed within the territory of the Republic during its time under Ukrainian jurisdiction, and eliminate abuse during the transitional period. In author’s opinion, the experience of delegation of authority to the specially created executive branches of the constituent of the Russian Federation can be implemented in other regions of Russia.

Keywords: Crimean Federal Okrug, Registration of rights, Real estate transactions, Cadastre, Land sale, Limitations, Specificity of legislation, Transitional period, Rosreestr, Rent

References:
Ob utverzhdenii perechnya prigranichnykh territorii, na kotorykh inostrannye grazhdane, litsa bez grazhdanstva i inostrannye yuridicheskie litsa ne mogut obladat' na prave sobstvennosti zemel'nymi uchastkami: ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 9 yanvarya 2011g., № 26 //Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 10.01.2011.-№ 2.-St. 268.
Svedeniya o deyatel'nosti Rosreestra po gosudarstvennoi registratsii prav na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo i sdelok s nim (v razreze tsentral'nogo apparata i territorial'nykh organov) – yanvar'-mart 2015g. [Elektronnyi resurs]. Federal'naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoi registratsii, kadastra i kartografii [Sait]. Rezhim dostupa: https://rosreestr.ru/site/open-service/statistika-i-analitika/statisticheskaya-otchetnost/?clear_cache=Y. (Data obrashcheniya: 04.08.2015 g.)
Ob utverzhdenii perechnya dokumentov, podtverzhdayushchikh nalichie ranee voznikshikh prav na ob''ekty nedvizhimogo imushchestva i neobkhodimykh dlya gosudarstvennoi registratsii: Postanovlenie Soveta ministrov Respubliki Krym ot 11.08.2014

Abstract: This article examines one of the most relevant issues of modern civil law – life estate. The authors analyze the legislation pertaining to this institution within the civil codes of the member-states of the CIS. Emphasis is made on the specificity of the content of norms that govern the aspects of life estate, as well as their general and distinct features. A special attention is given to the reception of the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation by other member-states of the CIS, as well as the special aspects of regulation of these relations within legal systems that do not have the institution of life estate within their national civil codes. The authors are some of the first to raise the issue of comparison of the positions of the civil codes of the CIS member-states on life estate. The authors formulate a conclusion that the concurrent emergence of the norms regulating life estate in virtually all of the CIS countries provides an objective possibility of borrowing separate legal norms that regulate life estate.

Keywords: Civil legislation, Agreement, Life estate, Rent payment, Tenant, Landlord, CIS member-states, Real estate, Landlord guarantees, Comparative legal analysis

References:
Demkina A.V. Novye polozheniya zakonodatel'stva o razmere platezhey po dogovoram renty. // Yurist. 2012. №8.
Krysenkova N.B. Raflyuk E.E. Obzor II publichnykh chteniy po sravnitel'nomu pravovedeniyu "Problemy sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya v usloviyakh integratsii gosudarstv" // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya.-2012.-6.-C. 167-178.

Abstract: In this research the author examines the effect of political delimitations based on the analysis of the four political breakups, which in one or another way reflected in the competitiveness of the parties throughout the post-Soviet development of the Baltic states. The breakups were first and foremost in ideology (left–right), then religious background (Catholicism–secularism), division by residency (city–town), and division by the ethnicity (titular ethnos–Russian heritage population). The main conclusion of the conducted research is the empirical confirmation of the hypothesis that in the establishment of the new democracies the influence of the ideological-value political breakups upon the development of the party system diminishes as the society rids itself of the transitional characteristics and forms the more stable professional and socio-class interests. The process of the influence of the structural and political delimitations upon the party systems in the post-Soviet Baltic states can be divided into two stages: 1990’s – under the rapid transformation of the social structure and lack of clearly expressed public interests, the electoral splits were formed by the political elites based on the competition between ideological platforms (communism–anti-communism, market–gradualism, European integration–pro-Russian movement); 2000’s – in addition to the political proposals initiated by the elites, a more noticeable role began to be played by the structural splits and electoral demand, thus within the framework of the most recent electoral cycles the biggest role is played not by the divisions of political values and ideologies, but a divisions of residency (city–town) and ethnic nature.  

Keywords: Political delimitations, Party system, Political values, Political party, Ideology, Ethnos, Nations, Baltic states, Policy, Democracy

References:
Vybory vo vsem mire. Elektoral'naya svoboda i obshchestvennyy progress. / sost. A. A. Tanin-L'vov. M.: ROSSPEN, 2001.  1112 s.
Dalton R. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies.  Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1996.  345 p.
Easton D. A Re-assessment of the Concept of Political Support // British Journal of Political Science. 1975. № 5. P. 435–457.
Freedom in the World 2014 // Ofitsial'nyy sayt Freedom House [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2014 (data obrashcheniya: 12.11.2014).
Klingemann H.-D. Mapping Political Support in the 1990s: A Global Analysis // Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Governance. 1999. P. 31–56.
New Baltic Barometer Surveys [Elektronnyy dokument]: URL: http://www.balticvoices.org/nbb/surveys.php (data obrashcheniya: 22.11.2014).
Steen A. Accessioning Liberal Compliance? Baltic Elites and Ethnic Politics under new International C

Abstract: In this research the authors confirm the ever-increasing impact of the gaming market of interactive entertainment upon the global economy, and therefore, the need to provide the normative and legal regulation of the objects of virtual property. The article sequentially analyzes the approach towards regulation of the virtual property market on the territories of the Russian Federation and abroad, examines the corresponding precedent, as well as positive and negative aspects of each of the approaches. The authors also analyze the prospects of normative and legal regulation of the market of virtual objects by using international legal mechanisms. The authors believe that despite the growing impact of the market of virtual objects upon global economy, the issue of its regulation has not been properly addressed on either the legislative or theoretical levels. Russian researchers of similar problematics usually reject the Asian approach, which holds virtual objects to be equal to real objects, while the authors of this work prove its progressiveness and benefit.

Keywords: intellectual property law, gaming industry, games and competitions, virtual investments, global economy, virtual property, copyright, discrimination, TRIPS, online games

References:
Soglashenie po torgovym aspektam prav intellektual'noy sobstvennosti (TRIPS/ TRIPS) [rus., angl.]. – zaklyucheno v Marrakeshe 15.04.1994 // SPS «Konsul'tant plyus». – st. 3 p. 1, st. 10 p. 2.
Amaretto Ranch Breedables LLC v. Ozimals, Inc., et. al., 907 F Supp 2d 1080 (ND Cal 2012).
Soglashenie po torgovym aspektam prav intellektual'noy sobstvennosti (TRIPS/ TRIPS) [rus., angl.]. – zaklyucheno v Marrakeshe 15.04.1994 // SPS «Konsul'tant plyus». – st. 3 p. 1, st. 9 – 14.
Soglashenie po torgovym aspektam prav intellektual'noy sobstvennosti (TRIPS/ TRIPS) [rus., angl.]. – zaklyucheno v Marrakeshe 15.04.1994 g. // SPS «Konsul'tant plyus». – Preambula. Data obrashcheniya: 17.11.2014 g.
Scott Jennings: The Truth Behind Bugs [Electronic resourse].-Mode of access: http://www.mmorpg.com/showFeature.cfm?loadfeature=3717&page=1&bhcp=1. Data obrashcheniya: 10.11.2014 g.; Leah Shen Who owns the virtual items? // Duke law and technology review.-Vol. 010 . – 2010. – P. 12.
‘Virual theft leads to arrest’ [

Abstract: Secession represents a phenomenon that has existed throughout the entire history of a national state within the Westphalian system of international relations. Despite the prolonged existence of this phenomenon, its status in the legal field remains undefined. The author strives to demonstrate that secession cannot really be considered a phenomenon that exists within law as conceptually it represents the “end of law”. The research leans on the traditional within the global science analysis of the issue of secession in the context of moral philosophy. The author comes to the conclusion that the positive law represents not only the system of normative rules, but a sort of a meta-language, which defines the boundaries of possible reasoning not only about these rules, but also the relations they regulate. Secession demonstrates a gap that exists between society and the government, and attempts to liquidate this gap. Secession is not the “right” of a nation or separate individuals, rather a form of self-determination, which precedes any right.

Keywords: territorial integrity, Westphalian system, meta-language, violence, self-determination, monopoly, sovereignty, secession, coercion, civil society

References:
Bel'kovich R.Yu. Dve voyny za nezavisimost': Avraam Linkol'n i problema setsessii // Dialog so vremenem. №49. 2014. S. 218-235.
Marks K. K kritike gegelevskoy filosofii prava / Marks K. Ekonomichesko-filosofskie rukopisi 1844 goda i drugie rannie filosofskie raboty. M., 2010.
Catala A. Remedial Theories of Secession and Territorial Justification // Journal of Social Philosophy. Vol.44. No.1. 2013. Pp. 74-94.
Gauthier D. Breaking Up: An Essay on Secession // Canadian Journal of Philosophy. Vol.24. 1994. Pp. 357-372.
Hirschman A.O. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. Cambridge, 1970.
Horowitz D.L. Self-Determination: Politics, Philosophy, and Law / National Determination and Secession. Ed. by Margaret Moore. Oxford, 1998. Pp. 181-214.
Merry S.E. Legal Pluralism // Law & Society Review. Vol.22. No.5. 1988. Pp. 869-896.
Moore M. The Ethics of Nationalism. Oxford, 2001.
Wellman C.H. A Theory of Secession. N.Y., 2005.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the legal system of modern China. The article analyzes the main vectors of its development within the period of 2010-2015. The author gives characteristics of the content of the passed normative legal acts and examines the specifics of the lawmaking within the legislative, criminal, civil, and administrative spheres. The article presents a number of acts of the legislator that will be introduced into the legal system of PRC over the next few years. Among the most important are the PRC Law “On the Fight against Terrorism”, PRC Law “On the Fight against Corruption”, PRC Law “On the Fight against Domestic Violence”, and the PRC Law “On Foreign Investments”. A special attention is given to the issues of softening the death penalty institution on a number of financial crimes.

Keywords: comparative jurisprudence, reform, terrorism, corruption, death penalty, law, legal system, China, sentence, espionage

References:
Sovremennoe zakonodatel'stvo Kitayskoy Narodnoy Respubliki. Sbornik normativnykh aktov /Sostavitel', redaktor i avtor predisloviya L.M. Gudoshnikov. M.: IKD «Zertsalo-M», 2004 (Seriya «Sovremennoe zakonodatel'stvo zarubezhnykh stran). S.56-77. ISBN 5-94373-075-3.
Fedorov A.V. Vvedenie ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti yuridicheskikh lits – prognoznaya tendentsiya razvitiya rossiyskoy ugolovno-pravovoy politiki // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. 2014. №3. S.429 – 433. ISSN: 0132-0831; Fedorov A.V. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' yuridicheskikh lits za narkoprestupleniya po zakonodatel'stvu Kitayskoy Narodnoy Respubliki // Narkokontrol'. 2015. №1. S.37-47. ISSN: 2072-4160.
Troshchinskiy P.V. Osnovnye etapy formirovaniya pravovoy sistemy Kitayskoy Narodnoy Respubliki // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. 2012. №4. S.69 – 79. Izdanie VAK. ISSN 1991-3222.
Ifa chzhigo tsitszyan (tutszeban') (Sem' besed ob upravlenii gosudarstvom na osnove zak

Abstract: This works is dedicated to the ways and means of overcoming the legal and political hurdles on the path to reform the supreme law of the nation. As an illustration, the author chooses the constitutional process of one of the oldest and most respected constitutional democratic countries belonging to the legal family of nations of “common law”. The article reveals the fundamental and specific features of the mechanism of legal constitutional regulation that has formed in this North American country, including the role and place of such sources of legal regulation as legal constitutional tradition and precedent within the constitutional doctrine and practice of this nation. The author defines the level of the necessity and reasonableness of a constitutional reform and follows its main stages; analyzes the effect of the reform upon the modern state of Canada’s constitutionalism; evaluates the level of administrative skills of the institutions of federal authority in realization of the reform.

Keywords: Law, Patriation, Interpretation, Federation, Amendments, Policy, Consensus, Precedent, Conventions, Constitution

References:
Reid S. The Breakup of Quebec. Democracy and Dangers of Partition. Peterborough (Ont.), 2006.
Hogg P. The Constitutional Law of Canada. Agincourt (Ont.), 2007.
Jovell J. et al. The Changing Constitution. Oxford, 2000. McWhinney E. Canada and the Constitution. Toronto, 1992.
The Crosscurrents. Centralization vs. Separatism / ed. Charlton M., Barker P. Scarborough (Ont. ), 1994.
Bogdanovskaya I.Yu. Pretsedentnoe pravo. – M.: Nauka, 1993.
Bogdanovskaya I.Yu. Klassifikatsiya konstitutsiy stran «obshchego prava» // Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki. 2012. №1.
Bogdanovskaya I.Yu. Evolyutsiya sudebnogo pretsedenta v «obshchem prave // Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki. 2010. №2.
Danilov S.Yu. Istoriya Kanady. – M.: Ves' mir, 2006.
Danilov S.Yu. Evolyutsiya kanadskogo federalizma.-M.: Izdatel'skiy dom NIU VShE, 2012.
Danilov S.Yu. Pravovoe regulirovanie «spetsial'nogo statusa» sub'ekta federatsii: differentsiatsiya prava na primere Kvebeka // Pravo. Zh

Abstract: The author analyzes the project of Federal law "On the free port of Vladivostok" in light of the economic zones provided by the Russian legislation, with special regime that corresponds to the Federal Law of the United States. The author point out the flaws within the legal regulation of the economic zones of the Russian Federation, and proposes consideration of the positive experience of the foreign countries. The low economic efficiency of the currently existing zones and the corruption component of their functioning casts doubt on the possibility of creation of a special economic zone (free port, porto franco) in the Primorsky Krai. The main conclusion of the conducted research is the fact that the present legislation on special economic zones does not account for participation of the Russian Federation in the international trade agreements within the framework of the World Trade Organization and other organizations. Using the positive experience of the foreign countries would allow avoiding financial, public and governmental, as well as management and reputation losses. Placement of the Special Economic Zones (SEZ) is possible not only around the sea ports, but also on the land of the country at the crossing of major transport flows. The stated above testifies to the need for reforming the legislation with consideration of the present results of the functioning of the economic zones, foreign experience and its further unification taking into account the concept that has been devised and confirmed on the government level, which would place the government and public interest at the core of the purpose for creating such zones.

Keywords: residents, international trade agreements, free customs zone, grantee, foreign-trade zone, porto franco, special economic zone, cabotage, public interest, international worker rights

References:
Zakon Rossiyskoy Federatsii «Vozdushnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii» ot 19.03.1997 № 60-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 1997 g. № 12. St. 1383. S izm. i dopol. v red. ot 14.10.2014.
Latkin A.P., Kuz'menko M.D. Novye podkhody k formirovaniyu mezhdunarodnykh ekonomicheskikh vzaimodeystviy // Tamozhennaya politika Rossii na Dal'nem Vostoke. 2009. № 2 (47). S. 32-39.
Klyayn N. No Logo. Lyudi protiv brendov. M.: Dobraya kniga, 2003. 830 s.
Kravchenko A.G. Natsional'nye zakonomernosti razvitiya stiley byurokraticheskogo upravleniya v sovremennoy Rossii // Yurist'-Pravoved'. 2013. № 2 (57). S. 64-68.
Pleshakova E.Yu. Transformatsiya upravleniya osobymi ekonomicheskimi zonami // Vestnik Inzhekona. 2012. Vyp. 2 (53). S. 51-56.
Proekt Federal'nogo zakona «O svobodnom porte Vladivostoka» (ID: 00/03-23284/02-15/66-13-4) [Elektronnyy resurs]. Sayt «Edinyy portal dlya razmeshcheniya informatsii o razrabotke federal'nymi organami ispolnitel'noy vlasti proektov normativnykh pravovy

Abstract: This article examines the transformation of the passive electoral right within the Russian Federation after the acts of protest “For Fair Elections”. The author highlights that the transformation of this right retained its centralized vector, imitating the democratization of the electoral system. The analysis of the legislation and the political practice demonstrates that the limitations of the Russian citizens’ passive electoral right contradicts the norms of international law and the Constitution of the Russian Federation; in the area of political practice they infringe upon the essential principles of electoral right, including government non- involvement into the electoral process and equality of the voters. The mass protests of 2011-2012 did not produce changes, nor gave the citizens the opportunity to be elected as officials of the branches of government, and were further restricted by additional limitations that have a significant impact in the area of the selective functions of the government. The electoral system of the Russian Federation continued the transformation in the direction of interests of the federal president and the highest government bureaucracy, which leads to a collapse of the feedback system, degradation of Russian politeia, and imitation of the right to be elected.

Keywords: representative democracy, elections, delegative democracy, presidentialism, authoritarianism, centralization, passive electoral right, limitation of rights, constitutionalism, democracy

References:
O vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii v svyazi s osvobozhdeniem politicheskikh partiy ot sbora podpisey izbirateley na vyborakh deputatov Gosudarstvennoy Dumy Federal'nogo Sobraniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii, v organy gosudarstvennoy vlasti sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii i organy mestnogo samoupravleniya: Federal'nyy zakon ot 02.05.2012 41-FZ (s izm. ot 22.02.2014) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 07.05.2012, № 19, st. 2275.
O poryadke formirovaniya Soveta Federatsii Federal'nogo Sobraniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii: Federal'nyy zakon ot 3 dekabrya 2012 g. № 229-FZ. [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL: http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/70171674/ (data obrashcheniya: 25.02.2015).
O vyborakh deputatov Gosudarstvennoy Dumy Federal'nogo Sobraniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii: Federal'nyy zakon № 20-FZ ot 22.02.2014 (red. ot 24.11.2014) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 24.02.2014, № 8, st. 740.
O vnesenii izmeneniy v Federal'nyy zakon «Ob obshchikh printsipakh organizatsii zako

Abstract: This article explores certain problems within the current processes of regionalization in Central Asia as a means of self-identification of the region in the new conditions. The different starting potential for economic development among the newly independent states has predefined the strategy for forming intergovernmental relations. A special attention is given to the analysis of the political situation in the region after collapse of the Soviet Union in the context of problems concerning disputed territories and questions of the use of water resources of transboundary rivers. Unfair (in the opinion of the countries of Central Asia) division of state borders demarcated during the Soviet era still prevents the regional neighbors from structuring an adequate relations. Territorial conflicts often result in armed clashes. The water-energy resource is another important factor of cooperation in Central Asia and often leads to an open confrontation between the states of the upper reaches of the transboundary rivers and the countries of the lower reaches concerning the use of the hydroelectric potential. The article implements factor analysis and interdisciplinary approach in studying the intraregional conflicts regarding the use of water resources of the transboundary rivers. The author reviews various attempts of intergovernmental collaboration and the causes that stand in the way of these processes. The article reveals the negative role of the border, energy and water conflicts within the regional cooperation. Researching the processes of transformation in Central Asia allowed the author to determine that the political and economic development of the countries progresses unevenly, and forms on the background of objective and subjective factors. The low level of intraregional cooperation outside integrational unions leads to economic and political dependency of each of the countries upon the influential global players.

Keywords: Central Asia, transformation, territory, problems of transboundary rivers, regionalization, border conflicts, international organizations, integration, conflict of interests, international relations

References:
Bisenbaev A. Drugaya Tsentral'naya Aziya. Elektronnaya biblioteka istorii Evrazii // URL:http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/History/bisenb/01.php (data obrashcheniya: 19.04.2003)
Kadyrbekova B.S., Chukubaev E.S. Regionalizm i regionalizatsiya Tsentral'noy Azii [Tekst] // Vestnik KazNU Ser. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya i mezhdunarodnoe pravo.-№1(57).-2012
Kalet A. Vodnye problemy Tsentral'noy Azii // URL:http://www.relga.ru/Environ/WebObjects/tguwww.woa/wa/Main?textid=228&level1=main&level2=articles №7(97) (data obrashcheniya: 09.08.2004)
Kurtov A. Vodnye resursy kak prichina konfliktov v Tsentral'noy Azii// URL: http://svom.info/entry/350-vodnye-resursy-kak-prichina-konfliktov-v-centralno/ №3 2013 (data obrashcheniya: 02.05.2013)
Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya v Tsentral'noy Azii: Sobytiya i dokumenty [Tekst] //Pod.red.A.D.Bogaturova.-2-e izd.,ispr.i dop.-M.: «Aspekt Press», 2014. s.237
Obosnovano i tverdo – protiv // URL: http://anhor.uz/society/obosnovanno-i-tverdo-mi-protiv (data obrashchen

Abstract: The subject of this research is Legal Development. The article discusses legal development in terms of the development of legal ideas about humanism by individual humans and society in general. Legal development includes human actions of intellectual and volitional nature mediated by the Law aimed at the transformation of elements of human activity (social reality). We are talking about humanization (spirituality and transformation of welfare) by means of human rights and society; the creation of a legal system, the center of which is a man, his rights and freedoms. Legal development is intellectual and volitional actions mediated by rights, aimed at the conversion and humanization of the legal system, the substantiation of the value of a person, one’s rights and freedoms in the legal system. Research methodology is rational and critical thinking in the context of universal values, natural rights and freedoms of people. The novelty lies in translating the ideas of humanism in the Law, the transformation of the individual, society and the state in terms of legal ideas of human development by the individual and society. In law, the ideas of humanism are formed as a gradual change in the ratio of such concepts as ‘rights’ and ‘man’. The idea lies in the ‘humanization’ of the Law, establishing such a legal system, which would be focused on people, their rights and freedoms.

Keywords: development, legal development, modern legal system, human rights, human values, humanization, right values, rational thinking, critical thinking, person

References:
Trubnikov N.N. Time of human existence. Moscow, 1987.
Chicherin B.N. Selected Works / Text preparation, drafting, introduction and commentary by A.V. Polyakova. Commentary on the “Philosophy of Right” by E.V. Timoshina and A.V. Polyakova. St. Petersburg, 1997.
Karachentseva T.S. Man as a subject of world development // Social and philosophical problems of developing new territories: Collection of scientific papers. Tyumen, 1988.
Kagan M.S. Human activity. Moscow, 1973.
Svasyan K.A. Man as the creation and the creator of culture. Problems of Philosophy. 1987. No. 6.
Mamardashvili M.K. Classical and non-classical ideal of rationality. Tbilisi, 1988.
Marx K. Economic Manuscripts of 1857-1861: The initial version of "Capital" in two parts. Moscow, Politizdat Publ., 1986. P. 1. 564 p.
Hegel G.W.F. Philosophy of Law. Moscow, Mysl Publ., 1990. 525 p.
Alekseev S.S. Theory of Law. Moscow, BEK Publ., 1993.
Perevalov V.D. Theory of State and Law: Textbook. Moscow, Vysshee obrazovani

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the study of the issue of civil legal awareness within the social-political practices and values of the Russian citizens. Civil legal awareness is being viewed as a necessary element of the functioning of the civil society and legal state that recognizes the rights, liberties, and interests of human and citizen as the highest values. A special attention is given to the analysis of the link between civil legal awareness and the level of social and institutional trust, public and political participation, value orientation, and political alignments in the modern Russian society. Analysis of the issue takes into account the key positions of the theory of modernization with regards to the transformation of the socio-political subjectivity of the society and the citizen that allow the conceptualization of the link between civil legal awareness and the socio-political practices and value orientations of the Russian citizens. The author makes a conclusion on the existence of a deep divide between the traditions of the socio-political participation that carry a mostly collectivistic, conventional, and institutional character and a low level of trust that has formed in the post-Soviet period by the public institution, which in many ways substantiates the divergence in the civil legal awareness, values, and practices of civil participation in the modern Russian society.

Keywords: Civil legal awareness, Civil participation, Socio-political practice, Values, Russian society, Civil society, Institutions, Authority, Government, Citizens.

References:
Shchuplenkov O.V., Shchuplenkov N.O. Problemy vzaimodeystviya grazhdanskogo obshchestva i gosudarstva v sovremennoy Rossii // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki.-2013.-4.-C. 1-55. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.4.585. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_585.html
Grudtsyna L.Yu., Petrov S.M. Vlast' i grazhdanskoe obshchestvo v Rossii: vzaimodeystvie i protivo-stoyanie // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.-2012.-1.-C. 19-29.
Putnam R.D. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. NY: Simon & Schuster, 2000.
Berman M. All that is Solid Melts Into Air: The Experience of Modernity. NY: Simon and Schuster, 1983.
Inglehart R., Baker W.E. Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values // American sociological review. 2000. Vol. 65. February,
Almond G.A., Sidney V. The civic culture. Political attitudes and democracy in five nations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.
Rossiya, vpered! Stat'ya Dmitriya Medvedeva. 10.09.2009 g. [Elektron

Abstract: The subject of this research is the implementation of the general legal tendency towards decentralization of regulation in the area of intellectual rights. The relevance of this topic is substantiated by the demand for various forms of soft law and self-regulation within the framework of globalization and development of information society. The article presents an analysis of the examples of soft regulation within international law of intellectual property. It reveals the effects of the non-obligatory acts of international organizations upon the forming of the positions on relevant issues and development of new normative acts. The author’s conclusions are based on discovered aspects of the decentralization process within the law on intellectual property. The peculiarity of self-regulation in the area of intellectual rights lies in the weak development of voluntary agreements between right holders and the information intermediaries. This is caused by the use of provisions of the dominant paradigm of intellectual rights within the agreements.

Keywords: Information intermediary, soft law, intellectual property, legal paradigm, intellectual property rights, selfregulation, decentralization, copyright holder, international law, free licenses.

References:
Tikhomirov Yu.A. Samoregulirovanie: sposoby i granitsy pravovo-go regulirovaniya. // VIII Mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya. Modernizatsiya ekonomiki i obshchestvennoe razvitie: V 3 kn. Kn. 3. M.: Izdatel'skiy dom GU-VShE, 2007. C.461-470.
Intellectual Property and Sustainable Development: Development Agendas in a Changing World. Eds. Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz, Pedro Roffe. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009. S.52.
Joint recommendation concerning provisions on the protection of well-known marks. WIPO. 1999. Doc. №, 833(E).
Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions on the Protection of Marks, and Other Industrial Property Rights in Signs, on the Internet. WIPO. 2001. Doc. № 845(E).
Draft Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions on the Protection of Country Names. Proposal by the Delegation of Jamaica. WIPO Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications. Doc. № SCT/31/4. Thirty-First Session. Geneva, March 17 to 21, 2014.
Hugenho

Abstract: The subject of this research is the use of information technologies within law. The article reviews the early stages of the conception of legal cybernetics, and presents the key problems and opportunities for future development of this branch of science. It examines both, the more simple forms of use of information technologies within law (for example, within the justice in order to simplify the paperwork process between the parties in a court proceeding), as well as the more complex issues (such as use of information technologies in making legally significant decisions, including court ruling). A special attention is given to the importance of development of such relevant problem as implementation of artificial intelligence within law. The author concludes that despite the current difficulties in development of legal cybernetics and information technologies within law, a considerable amount of progress has already been made, and the opportunities for further implementation of these technologies are rather great. The modern trend of the social development dictates the necessity to apply the information technologies into the law as into any other area of everyday life.

Keywords: Law, legal cybernetics, information technologies, artificial intelligence, logic, law enforcement, artificial intelligence, computer, internet, communication, automation.

References:
Taruffo M. (1998) Judicial Decisions and Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 6, 311–324.
Fabri M.; Langbroek P.M. (2000) The Challenge of Change for Judicial Systems, Developing a Public Administration Perspective, IOS Press OHMSHA: Amsterdam, Washington.
Fabri M.; Langbroek P.M. (2000) The Challenge of Change for Judicial Systems, Developing a Public Administration Perspective, IOS Press OHMSHA: Amsterdam, Washington.
Susskind, R (1999) The Challenge of the Information Society: Application of Advanced Technologies in Civil Litigation and Other Procedures.
Carnevali, D; Di Cocco M.C. (2001) An Innovation Process Embedded in a Strict Institutional Setting: ICT in Italian Judicial System. in M. Fabri, F. Contini, Justice and Technology in Europe. How ICT is Changing the Judicial Buisiness. Amsterdam. Kluwer Law International.
Chris Reed, Douglas Walton and Fabrizio Mecagno, Argument diagramming in logic, law and artificial intelligence, The Knowledge Engineering Review,

Abstract: The author analyzes the legal status and current scientific points of view on “graffiti” (from Italian graffiato – "scratched"), which is how the street drawings made on the walls, asphalt, and other surfaces (such as train cars, etc.) are being considered. The civil-legal and administrative-legal aspects of this phenomenon are being researched. Examples are offered on the legal regulation of graffiti on the national and regional levels. The article examines the cases of foreign experience on the legal regulation of graffiti. Various forms of graffiti are being reviewed, as well as factual and legal problems associated with this form of art. The historical-legal and theoretical analyses have revealed the need to not only develop the definition of this form of “work of street art”, but to also formulate the criteria of their classification in order to “enact into the framework of law” the creative work of “street” artists. The author has developed a civil legal concept of graffiti and proposes to define it as a work of visual art that is expressed on the objects accessible for public viewing, which does not violate the rights of the objects’ owners, and does not contradict with the public interest and principles of humanity and morals. There is also an opinion that the purpose of graffiti can be justified by public interest (call to patriotic acts, charity, etc.), or have a private character (attracting attention to an object of advertising, etc.). Such graffiti should be considered an object of intellectual work and therefore, their authors should have the corresponding rights.

Keywords: Graffiti, street art, civil law, copyright law, vandalism, unsanctioned graffiti, visual arts, encrypted text, symbolism.

References:
Kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh ot 30.12.2001 № 195-FZ (red. ot 22.10.2014) (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 22.01.2015) http://www.pravo.gov.ru-23.10.2014.
Zakon SPb ot 31 maya 2010 g. № 273-70 «Ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh v Sankt-Peterburge» // Peterburgskiy dnevnik. 2010. 14 iyunya.
Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Moskvy ot 20.09.2011 № 431-PP (red. ot 18.07.2014) "Ob utverzhdenii Gosudarstvennoy programmy goroda Moskvy «Kul'tura Moskvy na 2012-2018 god» [elektron. resurs] // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.
Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Moskvy ot 31.07.2007 N 651-PP (red. ot 28.03.2012) "Ob utverzhdenii normativa goroda Moskvy "Soderzhanie i remont fasadov zdaniy i sooruzheniy"// "Vestnik Mera i Pravitel'stva Moskvy". 29.08.2007. № 48.
Protokol plenarnogo soveshchaniya pri Glave goroda Kostromy ot 25 oktyabrya 2010g. №2 [Elektronnyy resurs] // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus.
Postanovlenie zamestitelya predsedatelya Sverdlovskogo oblastnogo suda ot 17 fevralya 201

Abstract: The subject of this research is the analysis of the phenomenon of politicization of religion in the context of modernization of society. The article examines the traditional institution of religion within classic and modern theories of modernization. It reveals that within the classic theories of modernization the notion of democratization correlated with the notion of secularization, and the problem of politicization of religion did not receive a proper theoretic attention, despite the rich empirical material. Within the later model of modernization its influence on the process of politicization of religion has been substantiated. The politicization of religion is being viewed as an ambivalent process, which contains constructive/deconstructive function of the political religious parties and organizations. The variety of modernization models within the countries of the Near East and North Africa is being researched through the prism of values of a democratic culture from the positions of the Western school of political science. The authors make the conclusion that the political modernization in the Islamic countries is accompanied by the establishment of non-liberal democracies and radicalization of religion. A claim is made that the political elite groups rely on the “enlightened” authoritarianism and traditional institutions of family and religion, which act as a guarantee of realization of a successful national model of modernization.

Keywords: Political modernization, national model of modernization, politicization of religion, authoritarianism, priests, democracy, secularization, family institution, uncertainty principle, complementarity principle.

References:
Zakariya F. Budushchee svobody: neliberal'naya demokratiya v SShA i za ikh predelami / F. Zakariya. – M.: Ladomir, 2003. – 356 s.
Drinova, E. M. Modernizatsiya i globalizatsiya: formirovanie lokal'nykh toposov politizatsii religii //Politika i obshchestvo. 2013. № 5 C. 619 – 629.
Nort D. Instituty i ekonomicheskii rost: istoricheskoe vvedenie / D. Nort // Tezis. T. 1. Vyp. 2. – M., 1993. – S. 73–74.
Opros VTsIOM, fevral' 2012g. URL: http: //wciom.ru /fileadmin /nayka /sovet /fedorov.pdf.
Tu Veimin. Mnozhestvennost' modernizatsii i posledstviya etogo yavleniya dlya Vostochnoi Azii// Kul'tura imeet znachenie. Kakim obrazom tsennosti sposobstvuyut obshchestvennomu progressu. Pod red. L. Kharrisona i S. Khantingtona M.: Moskovskaya shkola politicheskikh issledovanii.. 2002. S. 237-257.
Khantington S. Tret'ya volna. Demokratizatsiya v kontse KhKh veka. M., 2003. – 368 s.
Eizenshtadt Sh. Novaya paradigma modernizatsii / Sh. Eizenshtadt // Sravnitel'noe izuchenie tsivilizatsii. M., 2001.

Abstract: This article reviews social, economic and political changes in Russia, as well as compares them with the reforms conducted in China. The author analyzes positive and negative aspects pertaining to the concept of using as a strategy of development a so called “Chinese model” as a more successful alternative to the strategy of liberalization, which was adopted from the Western European countries and North America. A special attention is given to the problem about the “non-economic phenomena” that have an impact upon the accuracy of choice and the success of realization of the antirecession policy of the country. The causes of the objective decrease of the state government that is based on the values of democracy are examined under the conditions of globalization. The author marks the differences between the notions “Washington consensus” and “Washington hypothesis”. It is demonstrated that the scientific concept about the essence of the “China’s experience” emerged a lot later the time, when the reforms began within USSR; hence, they could not be borrowed by the Soviet government.

Keywords: Strategy of development, economic crisis, globalization, “Beijing consensus”, “Washington consensus”, “Mumbai consensus”, China’s experience, radical reforms, socio-economic reforms, effectiveness of state government.

References:
A. D. Ursul, T. A. Ursul Budushchee global'nogo mira: obespechenie bezopasnosti cherez ustoichivoe razvitie // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2012.-3.-C. 23-36.
I.V. Plyugina, E.E. Rafalyuk, S.A. Perchatkina Gosudarstvo v menyayushchemsya mire: obzor raboty VI Mezhdunarodnoi shkoly. // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya.-2011.-3.-C. 126-143.
Aleinikov A.V. Sistemnye konflikty v Rossii: kontseptual'nye osnovaniya analiza. Stat'ya II. // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-8.-C. 1-47. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2013.8.5109. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_5109.html
Aleinikov A.V. Sistemnye konflikty v Rossii: kontseptual'nye osnovaniya analiza. Stat'ya 1. // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-7.-C. 94-140. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2013.7.2306. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_2306.html
Kornai Ya. Put' k svobodnoi ekonomike (strastnoe slovo v zashchitu ekonomicheskikh preobrazovanii) / Pred. N.Ya. Petrakova. M.: Ekonomi

Abstract: In this article the author reviews the current state and opportunities for cooperation of the Far Eastern subjects of the Russian Federation with the nations of the Pacific Rim. This research allows us to find new approaches and changes to the policy of defense of national interest of the Russian Federation under the conditions of shifting of economic and financial center within the Pacific Rim. Far East became the key link being the most involved into the foreign economic relations with the nations of the Pacific Rim. Just 21 member-states of the APEC account for 57% of global GDP and approximately 40% of world’s population. In the current international situation there is a need for optimization of Russia’s participation in the integrative processes of the Pacific Rim that would provide a complex unilateral approach and coordination of the actions of all Russian participants. The main component of this process should become the balanced triple integration: between the Far Eastern subjects of the Russian Federation themselves; between the Federal Center and the Far Eastern Federal District; between Russian and the nations of the Pacific Rim.

Keywords: Cooperation, integration, modernization, Far Eastern subjects of the Russian Federation, investments, Pacific Rim, Federal Center, infrastructure, sanction politics, strategy.

References:
Alekseev G. Bez gosudarstva razvitie nashego regiona nevozmozhno / G. Alekseev // Dal'nevostochnyi kapital. 2011. № 7. S. 20.
Alenishko G. Rezul'tat opravdyvaet usiliya / G. Alenishko // Dal'nevostochnyi kapital. 2012. № 8. C. 113.
Vasil'eva I. Zheleznye perspektivy / I. Vasil'eva // Rossiiskaya gazeta. 2011. 29 sent.
Vinnikov, A. EAO : ot metalla do soi / A. Vinnikov // Dal'nevostochnyi kapital. 2012. № 8. S. 34-35.
Zhironkina L. Aktivy, proekty, lidery / L. Zhironkina // Dal'nevostochnyi kapital. 2011. № 8. S. 18-20.
Itarov E. Samyi znachimyi partner / E. Itarov // Dal'nevostochnyi kapital. 2012. № 8. S. 18.
Ishaev V. I. Dal'nii Vostok dolzhen razvivat'sya operezhayushchimi tempami. Interv'yu agentstvu «Interfaks – Dal'nii Vostok». 2012. 25 iyunya. [Elektronnyi resurs] / V. I. Ishaev. Rezhim dostupa : http://www.dfo.ru
Ishaev V. I. Interv'yu polnomochnogo predstavitelya Prezidenta Rossiiskoi Federatsii v Dal'nevostochnom federal'nom okruge yaponskoi gazete «NIKKEI». 2011. 29 iyun

Abstract: In the globalization era information and knowledge represent the cornerstone of economy, which defines the growing significance of regulating the intellectual rights. This article analyzes various approaches towards assessment of the role of intellectual property law in stimulation of the innovational development of economy, which testify to the ambiguity of the argument about the need to strengthen the protection of the right holders. The author demonstrates that the unification of international legislation in the area of intellectual property does not account for the specifics of the economic development of different countries and can lead to negative consequences. A flexible and differentiated approach towards the regulation of intellectual rights mostly corresponds to the nature of changes to the law under the effects of the globalization process. A special attention is given to the problem of correlation between intellectual rights and human rights, which under the conditions of globalization becomes extremely relevant. In the conclusion, the author analyzes the inconsistencies between the general tendencies of development of law in the era of globalization and the main trends of development within the regulation system of intellectual right, which allows us to come to a conclusion on the crisis of the current paradigm of intellectual rights.

Keywords: Globalization, intellectual rights, legal theory, human rights, legal paradigm, economy of knowledge, information, information technologies, public benefit, harmonization of legislation.

References:
Marchenko M. N. Gosudarstvo i pravo v usloviyakh globalizatsii. M.: Prospekt, 2009. – 400 s.
Pan'kov, V.S. Globalizatsiya ekonomiki: nekotorye diskussionnye. //Zolotoi lev.-2007.-№142.-S.24-75.
Barton J. H., Abbott F. M., Correa C. M., Drexl J., Foray D., Marchant R. Views on the Future of the Intellectual Property System. ICTSD Programme on Intellectual Property Rights and Sustainable Development. Geneva: ICTSD, 2007. – 41 p.
Carroll M. W. One Size Does Not Fit All: A Framework for Tailoring Intellectual Property Rights. // Ohio State Law Journal. Vol. 70. № 6. 2009. P.1361-1434.
Cate F. H. Introduction: Sovereignty and the Globalization of Intellectual Property, Symposium. // Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies. 1998. Vol.
Issue 1. P.1-9. 6.Hefler L.R., Austin G.W. Human rights and intellectual property : mapping the global interface. Cambridge University Press, 2011. – 568 p.
Human rights in the global information society. Ed. by Jørgensen.R.F. MIT Press, 2006. –

Abstract: The author analyzes the state of civil legislation and the existing scientific points of view about the means of citizen’s individualization that represent person’s identification information, and which according to the author’s opinion should be classified as social and physiological (biometric). Special attention is given to the future development of civil legislation due to switching to an electronic document handling, verifying the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation, which in author’s opinion should meet the following standards: contain not only the social, but also physiological (biometric) data of the citizen; possess certified means of cryptographic protection against counterfeiting; provide an electronic system that would allow to make quick changes to the personal information of the citizen, as well as ability to produce and issue a replacement (should the original be lost). Based on the research conducted, it is evident that the need exists to amend the Civil Code of the Russian Federation with a new statute 18.1 “Means of citizen individualization”.

Keywords: Means of citizen individualization, personal information, biometric data of a person, means of identification, cryptographic protection, retinal pattern, identification document, anthropometric data, papillary lines of the fingers, person’s voice.

References:
Aleynichenko V.G. Grazhdansko-pravovaya individualizatsiya fizicheskikh lits v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: Dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Rostov n/D, 2006.
Lukashevich S.V. K voprosu ob individualizatsii fizicheskogo litsa // "Zakonodatel'stvo". 2011. № 10.
Orlova V.V. Teoriya i praktika individualizatsii v sfere intellektual'noy sobstvennosti // Dis. ... dokt. yurid. nauk. M., 2005.
K. V. Lidzheeva Sredstva individualizatsii i ikh pravovaya okhrana // Pravo i politika.-2012.-4.-C. 780-787.
Astanin V.V. Ob effektivnykh mekhanizmakh vzaimodeystviya gosudarstva s grazhdanskim obshchestvom v sfere protivodeystviya korruptsii. // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.-2011.-4.-C. 5-8.
Strategiya razvitiya informatsionnogo obshchestva v Rossiyskoy Federatsii (utv. Prezidentom RF 7 fevralya 2008 g. № Pr-212) // "Rossiyskaya gazeta". 16.02.2008, № 34.
Kontseptsiya vvedeniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii udostovereniya lichnosti grazhdanina Rossiyskoy Federatsii, oformlyaemogo v vide plastikovoy karty s

Abstract: This article expounds conceptual issues relating to the codification as a legal phenomenon and the specifics of its realization pertaining to the area or regulation of intellectual laws. The purpose of codification is the development and improvement of the legal system as a whole based on the demands of modern society. The article sheds light on the key approaches to the codification of laws on intellectual property within foreign nations. During the course of research, the author used general scientific (comparison, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization) methods as well as private methods of observation (formal-dogmatic, legal comparative, and others). In author’s opinion, an artificial conservation of a functioning system of regulation by codification, in a long run can cause just as much harm as careless reforms, to which even the Civil Code is unable to mount an effective opposition.

Keywords: Codification, incorporation, industrial connections, complex legal institution, ideology, intellectual laws, legal system, systematization of law, information society, balance of interests.

References:
Gorodov, O. A. O proekte chasti chetvertoy Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii. //Pravovedenie. 2006. № 6. S. 36 – 51.
Eremenko V.I. Vvedenie. // Gavrilov E.P., Eremenko V.I. Kommentariy k chasti chetvertoy Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii (postateynyy). M.: Ekzamen, 2009. S.18-22.
Zor'kin V.D. Pravo v usloviyakh global'nykh peremen : monografiya / V. D. Zor'kin.-M. : Norma, 2013.-496 s.
Kabriyak, R. Kodifikatsii /R. Kabriyak ; Per. i avt. vstup. st. L. V. Golovko.-M.: Staut, 2007.-476 s.
Makovskiy A.L. O kodifikatsii grazhdanskogo prava.-M.: Statut. 2010.-736 s.
Sergeev A.P. Osnovnye problemy pravovoy okhrany intellektual'noy sobstvennosti v Rossiyskoy Federatsii na sovremennom etape. // Intellektual'naya sobstvennost'. Aktual'nye problemy teorii i praktiki. M., YuRAYT, 2008. S.10-17.
Ahrens H.-J., McGuireM.-R. Modellgesetz für Geistiges Eigentum. Normtext. München, 2011.-432 S.
Levin M. The Need for Climate Improvement in Intellectual Property Law. //

Abstract: The author reviews the key problems in the sphere of migration policy. Among these problems she singles out the following: the long-standing demographic crisis since 1991 to current time; migration balance, which does not cover the natural loss of people, unreported (illegal) labor migrant streams from the neighboring countries. The author considers that the changes in the legislation and the bylaws of the Russian Federation may be characterized with the following: the existing quota mechanism is not very efficient, and it shall probably be recalled, there shall be stricter responsibility for the violations of the migration legislation. The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is likely to be amended, and so shall be the federal laws. The author uses the following methods: analysis of normative materials, comparative legal studies, synthesis, as well as some other classical methods applied in jurisprudence. The article contains the following conclusions: the reform of the migration policy of the state takes place under the influence of variously polarized and hardly predictable factors: social tension in the society remains an acute problem for the state institutions, reforms of the state in the state migration policy become repressive and limiting, influencing Russian citizens as well.

Keywords: State migration policy, migration streams, legislation, social tension, reforms, migration balance, labor migrants, illegal migrants, constitutional rights, human rights.

References:
Federal'nyy zakon Rossiyskoy Federatsii «O dopolnitel'nykh merakh gosudarstvennoy podderzhki semey, imeyushchikh detey» № 256-FZ ot 29 dekabrya 2006 goda.
http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28SpravkaNew%29?OpenAgent&RN=200753-6&02
http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/materials/news/doc_1124091296203
http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b12_107/Main.
http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/materials/news/doc_112409129620

Abstract: The main problem in the sphere of formation of the migration policy in the Italian Republic is extreme liberalism regarding tourist streams and weak protection of external boundaries from the sea. Currently the migration streams have a significant impact upon the demographic, social and economic situation in Italy, causing the need for the state regulation of migration within the framework of the legislative process as a whole, as well as in some executive institutions. The experience of law-making in the sphere of migration is extremely important for choosing the further strategy of the state in migration regulation. Analysis of the current normative legal acts regulating the issues of migration policy of the Italian states shows that the prohibiting measures do not attain the needed results, they just stimulate illegal migration into the state. This matter requires a conclusion on the development of the new strategy of regulation of the migration streams by the Italian legislators. The article concerns the key domestic legislative acts regarding migration regulation, which are applied in the Italian states, as well as the provisions of the EU legislation on the migration policy, which are applied outside its territory. The international experience in general and the experience of Italy in particular may serve as the basis for the improvement of the normative legal regulation of the migration streams in the modern Russia. In this respect there is need to evaluate the experience of the normative legal regulation of the migration streams in the Republic of Italy from the standpoint of formation of the conceptual fundamentals for the migration policy of the state.

Keywords: Migration, migration legislation, migration legislation of Italy, state migration policy, fundamentals of the state migration policy, normative legal basis for migration, public security department, unified migration department, police control, the Constitution of Italy.

References:
http://www.poliziadistato.it/pds/ps/imrnigrazione/famiglia [ accessed 14/06/2014]
http://www.interno.gov.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/ [ accessed 17/06/2014]
Immigrazione e criminalità di Vincenzo Suppa. Available at: // http://criminologia.advcom.it/suppaimmi.htm [ accessed 14/06/2014]
http://www.interno.gov.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/ [ accessed 14/06/2014]
Immigratsionnaya politika v Rossiyskoy Federatsii i stranakh Zapada. / Denisenko M.B., Kharaeva O.A., Chudinovskikh O.S.-M: Institut ekonomiki perekhodnogo perioda, 2003.-287 c
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM) Available at: http://www.iom.tj/csm/index.php [accessed 14/06/2014]
UN Population Division. "Trends in Total Migrant Stock: The 2005 Revision (POP/DB/MIG/Rev.2005/DOC). P. 122.
Legge n. 39 del 1990 Norme urgenti in materia di asilo politico, d’ingresso e soggiorno dei cittadini extracomunitari e di regolarizzazione dei cittadini extracomunitari ed apolidi già presenti nel terri

Abstract: The article concerns formation and development of the institution of self-regulation of entrepreneurial and professional activities in some post-Soviet states, as well as the models of legislative provisions for the statuses of selfregulated organizations. The author studies the experience of Russia regarding introduction of self-regulation in entrepreneurial (professional) sphere in order to avoid mistakes in this direction for the states of the post-Soviet territory. The author analyzes the norms of the Federal Law “On Self-Regulated Organizations” from the standpoint of revealing the defects of the current civil legislation of the Russian Federation. The object of studies includes the problems regarding the provisions for the organizational legal form of self-regulated organizations, their functions and means of protection of compensation funds, proprietary responsibility of self-regulated organizations in the Federal Law “On Non-Commercial Organizations”. Methodology and methods of studies are based upon historical, logical, formal legal, comparative legal methods, as well as the methods of systemic analysis and generalization of normative and practical materials applied within the framework of the dialectic approach towards self-regulation as a legal matter. The article substantiates the need to the need to use the experience of Russia, which was the only state in the post-Soviet territory, which have adopted the framework law on self-regulated organization using new forms of economic regulation, when forming a clear system of self-regulation of entrepreneurial activities in the CIS states.

Keywords: Self-regulation, self-regulated organizations, model legislation, organizational legal form, functions, compensation fund, means of protection, subsidiary responsibility, joint responsibility, city planning sphere.

References:
Ershova I.V. Predprinimatel'skoe pravo: neravnodushnyy vzglyad // Predprinimatel'skoe pravo. Prilozhenie "Biznes i pravo v Rossii i za rubezhom". 2012. N 2 (dostup iz SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus»).
Shestakova E.V. Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie aspekty primeneniya model'nogo zakonodatel'stva v stranakh SNG // URL: www.lawmix.ru (data obrashcheniya 15 iyulya 2014 g.)
Kasenova M.B.. Mezhdunarodnoe sotrudnichestvo i upravlenie ispol'zovaniem interneta // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2014. – № 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2014.1.11411
Shevkoplyas N.A.. Osobennosti administrativno-pravovogo statusa samoreguliruemykh organizatsiy v Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2013. – № 9. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2013.9.9564
Tret'yakova S.B.. Samoreguliruemaya organizatsiya — osobyy sub'ekt prava // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2013. – № 5. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/19

Abstract: Based upon the dialectic connection between the Russian transportation legislation and the international sources on transportation regulating the responsibility of carrier for causing damage to life, health and property of a passenger, the author evaluates the main means of coordination of these legal systems, such as transformation, incorporation and reception. The author has studied the application of these means to the types of carrier responsibility, maximum compensation limitation sums for carrier responsibility, periods of transportation and grounds for his release of liability. When preparing this article the author used general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and dialectic methods, as well as specific legal methods, such as comparative legal method. For the first time the issues of harmonization of the Russian transportation legislation and international sources regulating responsibility of the carrier for causing harm to life, health and property of a passengers, as well as means of brining these systems into harmony have became objects of studies. The conclusions involve perspectives of harmonization in this sphere and specific directions for brining two legal systems closer to each other.

Keywords: Harmonization of legal systems, harmonization of legal systems, transformation, reception, incorporation, limitations to liability of a carrier, damage caused to a passenger, damage to property of a passenger, inflation coefficient, revising the limitations for responsibility.

References:
Grechukha V.N. Mezhdunarodnoe transportnoe pravo: uchebnik dlya magistrov . 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Yurait, 2011.
Grechukha V.N. Transportnoe pravo Rossii: uchebnik dlya magistrov. M.: Yurait, 2013.
Anufrieva L.P. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo: V 3-kh t. Tom 1. Obshchaya chast': uchebnik. M.: BEK, 2000.
Federal'nyi zakon «O vnesenii izmenenii v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiiskoi Federatsii v svyazi s prinyatiem Federal'nogo zakona «Ob obyazatel'nom strakhovanii grazhdanskoi otvetstvennosti perevozchika za prichinenie vreda zhizni, zdorov'yu, imushchestvu passazhirov i o poryadke vozmeshcheniya takogo vreda, prichinennogo pri perevozkakh passazhirov metropolitenom» ot 14.06.2012 № 78-FZ // «Rossiiskaya gazeta», № 136, 18.06.2012.
Federal'nyi zakon ot 14.06.2012 № 67-FZ «Ob obyazatel'nom strakhovanii grazhdanskoi otvetstvennosti perevozchika za prichinenie vreda zhizni, zdorov'yu, imushchestvu passazhirov i o poryadke vozmeshcheniya takogo vreda, prichinennogo pri perevozkakh passaz

Abstract: The object of this study involves electoral results of the European Right-wing Radical parties since the 2nd half of XX century to the current time. The article singles out both the periods of active growth of popularity of the Right-wing Radical parties, and the periods of consolidation of their support by the electors. While following the statistical results of the ultra-Right-wing parties since 1950s, one may clearly see when the strengthening the Right-wing Radical forces started in the European political arena, how fast it had developed and to discover the periods, when their popularity lessened. Graphic visualization of this process allows to see whether growing popularity of the ultra-Right-wing parties in Europe is a permanent process, or not. In this article using historical and comparative methods, statistical method, the author provides a complex analysis of the results of participation of the Right-wing radicals in the parliamentary elections in the Western and Eastern European state. The author draws a conclusion that the tendency for strengthening of domestic political positions of the Right-wing Radicals in the Western Europe is comprehensive, and it involves more and more states. On the opposite, there is no tendency for the strengthening of the Right-wing Radical parties in the Eastern Europe. In most of the Eastern European states fast growth of popularity of the Right-wing Radical organizations is followed by a fast downfall.

Keywords: Right-wing Radicalism, Right-wing extremism, ultra-Right, Right Radical parties, national front, party of freedom, Swedish democrats, golden dawn, Le Pen, Haider.

References:
Lubbers M., Gijsberts M., Sheepers P. Extreme right-wing voting in Western Europe // European Journal of Political Research. 2002. №41. P. 347.
Mayer, N. & Perrineau, P. Why do they vote for Le Pen? // European Journal of Political Research. 1992. №22. P. 137.
Minkenberg M. The Radical Right in Europe Today: Trends and Patterns in East and West / Langenbacher N. and Schellenberg B. (eds) Is Europe on the ‘Right’ Path? Right-Wing Extremism and Right-Wing populism in Europe. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2011.
Mudde C. Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Ramet S.P. (ed.). The Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989. – Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.
Ignazi, P. The silent counter revolution: Hyptheses on the emergence of the extreme right-wing parties in Europe. // European Journal of Political Research. 1992. №22. R. 3–33.
Kitschelt N., McGann A.J. The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comp

Abstract: The article is devoted to the studies of influence of the political course as implemented by the leaders of the People’s Republic of China upon the formation of the legal system of the state. The author reveals specific features of lawmaking process in the Chinese state with due regard to the specificities of its political system. Special attention is paid to the legal acts adopted in the period of the reform, which reflect the requirements of the state and political development of the modern China. The author provides practical examples of current Chinese legislation, proving the close c correlation between the statements of the Party and the legal norms. The author shows the political course of the Chinese leaders towards provision of wide law-making discretion to the local government bodies in order to guarantee fast adoption of normative acts in investments and innovations spheres, which are important for the successful economic development of the state. Attention is paid to the party provisions in the sphere of fighting corruption, involvement of highly qualified foreign cadres and the Chinese students, who were educated abroad, into the economic sphere of the country. Conclusion is made on the priority of party decisions over the norms of law, which is a specificity of the modern law of the People’s Republic of China.

Keywords: Law of China, legal system, policy of openness, Chinese legislation, fighting corruption, political reforms, involvement of specialists, Chinese socialism.

References:
URL: http://baike.baidu.cn/view/16084.htm (data obrashcheniya: 03.06.2013).
Doklad Khu Tszin'tao na otkrytii XVIII s'ezda KPK. XVIII s'ezd Kommunisticheskoy partii Kitaya (8-14 noyabrya 2012 g.). Ekspress-informatsiya. №7. M.: IDV RAN, 2012. S. 236.
Zhen'min' khuabao. 2012. №12. Vkladka s biografiey osnovnykh liderov KPK.
Zhen'min' zhibao. 12.04.2013; 24.12.78.
P.V. Troshchinskiy. Osnovnye etapy formirovaniya pravovoy sistemy Kitayskoy Narodnoy Respubliki. Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. 2012. №4. S. 74-77.
新中国法制建设与法学发展 60 年 (60-tiletie postroeniya pravovoy sistemy novogo Kitaya i razvitiya yuridicheskoy nauki). Pod red. Li Linya. Pekin: Izdatel'stvo Akademii obshchestvennykh nauk Kitaya, 2010. S. 11.
陈云文选 (Sobranie sochineniy Chen' Yunya). Tom 3. Pekin: Narodnoe izdatel'stvo, 1995. S. 279 (na kitayskom yazyke).
Tszintszi zhib

Abstract: Based upon the analysis of the recent events in Libya, Syria, and Ukraine the author views the changes in the system of the modern international legal order. Special attention is paid to the issues of transformation of the state sovereignty, changes in the form and character of the modern war, outdating and weakening of the nation-state, growing role of the NGOs in the national and international legal relations, as well as to the problems of preservation of international law as an authoritative system for the regulation of relations in the global arena. The author studies the role of destructive methods and imperialistic interests of certain states in the modern political processes. The general methodological basis for the study is of materialistic and dialectic character, it is manifested by the wish to deal with the political and legal events in their development and mutual connections, turning to their economic fundamentals. In the process of research for this article the author employed problem-categorical approach, allowing to single out the most important elements of the matters, which were studied, he also involved systemic approach, method of analysis and the method of historical political interpretation as a specialized legal method. The article raises the issues, which were not previously objects of complex studies in the framework of Russian political and legal sciences. The study develops the ideas of the leading representatives of the modern foreign political and legal sciences. The author draws a conclusion on the current processes of destruction (fragmenting) of the national legal orders and transformation of the international legal order, pushing the states to the side of this order, making the war between the states the “global civil war”, making public interests (reflecting common interests, interests of a community as a totality) follow the private interests of small social groups. The author establishes the need for the governments of the modern states to support national interests of their states without turning to look at the opinion of the global establishment. The author also supposes that it is possible that several power poles may form within the framework of the new international legal order.

Keywords: Failed states, international law, nation state, civil war, legal order, sovereignty, shadow law, legitimacy, crisis, imperialism.

References:
Sazonova K.L. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i ukrainskii konflikt: chto bylo, chto budet, chem serdtse uspokoitsya. // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo.-2014.-1.-C. 1-15. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2014.1.11666. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_11666.html
Bunevich D.S.. Pokholodanie ukrainsko pol'skikh otnoshenii i interesy Rossii // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. – 2013. – № 4. – S. 439-442. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2013.4.9268.
States at Risk: Fragile Staaten als Sicherheits-und Entwicklungsproblem / Hg. U. Schneckener. Berlin: SWP-Studie, 2004.
Sampford Ch. Failed States and the Rule of Law // Jindal Journal of International Affairs. 2011. Vol. 1. No. 1. P. 119-147.
Miéville Ch. Between Equal Rights: A Marxist Theory of International Law. L.: Pluto Press, 2005.
Lalos D. Between Statehood and Somalia: Reflections of Somaliland Statehood // Washington University Global Studies Law Review. 2011. Vol. 10. No. 4. P. 789-812.
Brooks R.E. Failed States, or the State as Failure? // The University of C

Abstract: The object of studies in this article involves types of territorial units (provinces, autonomies, protectorates), administrative organs and mechanisms. The article involves analysis of regional reforms of the Empire period, criteria and goals for singling out administrative units. The author shows that at all of the stages of reforming the administrative system of Russia, both in a historical retrospectives and at the current stage, there is non-uniform approach, differences in understanding of goals and purposes of the reforms, lack of step-by-step attitude to their implementation in the center and in the regions. The methodological basis for the study involves a combination of general and special scientific methodological cognition principles in the sphere of social relations, which were used by the author in order to provide an objective study of the object of studies: analysis, synthesis, deduction, historical legal, dialectic, etc. The novelty of the article is due to the fact that the author for the first time provides comparative analysis of the institutions of general governorship in the Russian Federation, as well as the institution of the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation, then it is proven that turning to the historical experience of Russia assists understanding of the ongoing changes in the relations between the federal center and the constituent subjects of the federation and the development of the optimum model for the public regional policy.

Keywords: state, state territorial structure, empire, province, autonomy, protectorate, governor, governor-general, province, federation.

References:
Krasnyakov N.I. Regional'no-namestnicheskoe pravlenie v kavkazskikh territoriyakh Rossiyskoy imperii // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki.-2014.-3.-C. 40-69. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2014.3.11032. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_11032.html
Shchuplenkov O.V., Shchuplenkov N.O. Aksiologicheskoe osoznanie idei rossiyskoy gosudarstvennosti v kontekste natsional'nogo kharaktera // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-12.-C. 135-194. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.12.9902. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_9902.html
Chicherin B. N. Oblastnye uchrezhdeniya Rossii v XVII veke. – M., 1856. – 591 s.
Koptseva N.P. Nekotorye strategii stroitel'stva sovremennogo rossiyskogo gosudarstva v kontekste "natsional'nogo voprosa" // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2014.-4.-C. 1-14. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2014.4.11458. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_11458.html
Svod Zakonov Rossiyskoy Imperii. Tom I //http://civil.consultant.ru/ reprint/books/169/13.html.
Miropiev M. A. O polozhenii ru

Abstract: The object of studies in this article includes protection of public and private interests in civil law. The author studies the new provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which are devoted to the development of the principle of reasonableness and good faith in the activities of subjects of civil law and prohibition of evasion of law. For the first time the norms of Russian and international private law (conflict of laws norms) are analyzed from the standpoint of protection of public interests. In this study the author used the method of systemic analysis, method of formal logic, as well as the method of comparative legal studies. The public law elements in the civil law turnover can be seen for example in the civil law limitations. The norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and other acts of civil legislation allow one to single out the main types of institutional legal limitations to the participants of private law relations: the legal personality of participants of private law relations, turnover capability of the objects of private law relations; proprietary titles of the participants of private law relations to acquire property objects belonging exclusively to municipal and state property and using them; rights to the objects of national value, termination of the proprietary right by forceful seizure of its objects; freedom of contract by establishing the prohibition to conclude a certain type of contracts; an obligation to include certain conditions, contracts, forced termination of contracts; limitations to the entrepreneurial activity by prohibitions in the sphere of competition limitation and abuse of dominant position, et. All of the above, and many other matters show that in all of the above-mentioned spheres the civil legislation should guarantee the balance of public and private interests. This matter requires a balanced approach towards development and application of normative legal acts. There is need for a systematic analysis of public law influence on private law relations, as well as for the improvement of legal mechanisms guaranteeing efficient legal regulation.

Keywords: private law, public law, public interest, lawful interest, ordre public, super-imperative norms, evasion of law, good faith principle, limitations to the civil law turnover, civil legislation.

References:
Babenko L.N.. Vozmeshchenie vreda, prichinennogo zemel'nymi pravonarusheniyami: problemy primeneniya // Pravo i politika. – 2013. – № 9. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.9.2360.
Tokareva E.V.. Zashchita prokurorom publichnogo interesa v grazhdanskom protsesse // Pravo i politika. – 2014. – № 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.3.11321.
Dubynina T.V.. Grazhdansko-pravovoi aspekt voennogo prava: nekotorye voprosy teorii // Pravo i politika. – 2014. – № 3. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.3.11104.
A. L. Efimov Programmnye dokumenty i ikh rol' v formirovanii rossiiskogo zakonodatel'stva // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2011.-6.-C. 38-44.
Shiminova M.Ya. Gosudarstvennoe strakhovanie v SSSR: pravovye voprosy. M., 1987.
Braginskii M.I. Dogovor strakhovaniya. M., 2000. S. 133.
Zinchenko S., Korkh S. Voprosy sobstvennosti: zakonodatel'stvo i praktika // Khozyaistvo i pravo. 2000. № 6.
Trapeznikov V.A. Osobennosti pravovogo statusa gosudarstva kak uchastnika investitsion

Abstract: Upon the modern conditions of agricultural production organization, the state agrarian policy is not implemented effectively. One of the most important factors for increasing its efficiency is positive perception and awareness of the importance and significance of the goals, objectives, content and the expected results of implementation of the said policy at the primary production level directly by the agricultural producers. Today, the “landing” of the agrarian policy is paramount. The vast majority of agropolitical solutions are adopted and implemented at the macro level, without reaching the primary production. Consequently, direct agricultural producer is left out from the political and administrative influence. This results in the fact that the objectives of agrarian policy are not reached and its tasks are not fulfilled; there is no qualitative change in the system of agricultural production. Improvement of its efficiency and stability is seen on the way of implementation of agrarian policy by each agricultural producer in all sub-sectors of agriculture and agribusiness. There is a need to revitalize the political activities aimed at the positive perception of the updated modern agricultural policy in order for it to regain trust. We conducted a study on the basis of scientific and special methods (system approach, general philosophical methods, the historical method, etc.). Scientific novelty of the research consists in the following: 1. First time in modern conditions, we formulated the problem of “landing” of the agrarian policy, namely the problem of awareness, perception and understanding of its goals and objectives by direct agricultural producers and their confidence in the formation of the said policy; 2. Indicators of essence and content of state agricultural policy formulated for the first time; 3. We offer solutions to solving the problem of “landing” of the agrarian policy of the state and enhancing its efficiency in the primary agricultural production. The main conclusion: in order to increase the efficiency of state agrarian policy we need to ensure its implementation through the direct production by all agricultural producers. Only with their trusting and deliberate attitude towards the actions and decisions of the state concerning the agricultural sector will it be possible to make qualitative positive changes to the stability and efficiency of agricultural production.

Keywords: the state, policy, agrarian, economy, production, perception, manufacturer of goods, the will, self-regulation, realization.

References:
Volokh V.A., Gerasimova I.V. Ekonomicheskie effekty ot realizatsii gosudarstvennoi migratsionnoi politiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii. // NB: Ekonomika, trendy i upravlenie. - 2014. - 1. - C. 1 - 12. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/etc/article_9629.html
Khannanova T.R. Gosudarstvennaya agrarnaya politika: problemy ob''ektivatsii. Pravo i politika. 2013. № 5. S. 489-498. 5.Shut'kov A. Agrarnaya politika: sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie problemy // APK: ekonomika, upravlenie. 2011. № 5. S. 8-9; Altukhov A. Novye problemy razvitiya zernovoi otrasli // APK: ekonomika, upravlenie. 2011. № 5. 2011. № 1. S. 11, 14-15; 6. Buzdalov I. Zemel'naya reforma: vzglyad skvoz' prizmu zamysla // APK: ekonomika, upravlenie. 2011. 2011. № 7. S. 17; 7. Kulikov I. Innovatsionnaya strategiya kak faktor preodoleniya agrarnogo krizisa // APK: ekonomika, upravlenie. 2011. № 5. S. 3-10; 8. Khannanova T.R. Stanovlenie i razvitie gosudarstvennoi agrarnoi politiki: sravnitel'nyi indikativnyi analiz. Politika i obshchestvo. 2013. № 3.

Abstract: The work is dedicated to the identification of obstacles that are hampering the modernization of Russia. The crises of various state institutions, as well as those of civil society and the object systems of life-support and life-sustenance, are analyzed. The requirements of modern socio-cultural policy, as the most appropriate theoretical basis for the institutionalization of modernization processes in Russia and in the former Soviet Union, have been considered. However, as reality shows, the need for institutional rational-construction forms of management, the identification of negative factors of society’s development, the search for the methods of overcoming different forms of conservative traditionalism and the creation of a socio-cultural model of the State, have not been realized either by politicians or by the individuals in post-Soviet societies. Social changes and transformation, scientific and technological progress, urbanization, competitiveness of the states, the style of their participation in the world’s economic and political processes, as well as in the international organizations – the quality of this set of signs has become the criterion of the tradition of modern societies and states. However, in terms of the socio-cultural approach that we adhere to, modernization cannot be considered in the context of solely economic benefits, advantages and the dominance of one state over others. The current processes in Russia and in the former Soviet Union should be evaluated on the basis of objective evidence, characterizing the situation of ordinary members of society (the anthropological basis of the socio-cultural methodology gives a distinct socio-cultural orientation to it). Thus, modernization can be defined as socio-cultural transformation in society in the conditions of its transition to a higher form of development on the basis of identifying the motivational forces aimed at creating a modern State.

Keywords: modernization, civil society institutions, modernization theories, socio-cultural policy, institutionalization, civil society, social interests, development indices and social State.

References:
Popov E.A., Maksimova S.G. Sovremennoe grazhdanskoe obshchestvo v Rossii: problemy stanovleniya i regional'nogo razvitiya // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2012.-№1.-C. 1-20. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2012.1.38. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_38.html
Khorina G.P. Demokratiya v sovremennoy rossiyskoy kul'ture: ideal i real'nost' // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva.-2013.-№4.-C. 1-15. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_6973.html.
Eisenstadt S. N. Modernization: Protest and Change. – Englewood Cliffs, 1966
Eisenstadt S.N. Tradition, Change, and Modernity. New York, Sydney, Toronto: John Wiley, 1973
Shils E. Tradition – Essays on Modernity: The Indian situation. The Hague. 1961.
Ruitenbeck H. ed. The Dilemma of organizational Society. New York. 1963.
Sanderson D. Group description. «Social Forces». 1938. Vol. 16, № 3.
Znaniecki F. Socjologia wychowania. Warszawa 1928-30, vol. I, II.
Zaborowski 2. Z. Stosunki spoleczne w klasie szkolnej. PWN, Warszawa, 1964.
Shchepans

Abstract: The object of studies in this article regards the conflict in the interaction of domain name and trademark, as two elements identifying goods or services. The goal of the article is to analyze the conflict in the interaction of domain name and trademark, to compare the terms “trade mark” and “domain name” , their role in the civil legislation of the Russian Federation, interrelation, and to formulate propositions for the improvement of civil legislation of the Russian Federation. The methods used for writing this article include the following: general scientific methods, and specific scientific methods, such as dialectic, legal logical methods, and comparative legal method. The results of the research show that it is necessary to recognize domain names as copyright protected objects in order to provide them with due protection and to avoid constant violations from bad faith domain businessmen. It is found out that the relations between the trademark and domain names include external and internal conflicts. The external conflicts include competition between the trademark and the domain name as identifying elements, and the internal conflicts include repetition or copying of trademark, confusion in terminology, which leads to claims in court. The results of the study may be applied for the amendment of the Russian legislation in order to guarantee rational use of rights to domain names. The conclusions provide that there is need to amend the Civil Code of the Russian Federation with a number of articles, or issue a normative legal act, which would regulate the legal relations regarding domain names. The author offers the following concept of such a legal act: definition of a domain name, procedure of its registration, rights and obligations of the domain name administrator, rights and obligations of domain name registering authority, interaction with trademarks and place of origin of goods, linguistic expertise of domain name, termination of rights to a domain name.

Keywords: trademark, domain name, conflict, intellectual property, author, goods, service, owner, WIPO, Russian Institute for the Public Network.

References:
Kalamkaryan R.A. Rol' Mezhdunarodnogo Suda OON v dele podderzhaniya mezhdunarodnogo pravoporyadka // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo.-2013.-1.-C. 184-214. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wl/article_690.html
Borisenkov A.A. O nekotorykh osobennostyakh vneshney politiki // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2012.-1.-C. 55-79. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2012.1.156. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_156.html
Aleynikov A.V. Sistemnye konflikty v Rossii: kontseptual'nye osnovaniya analiza. Stat'ya 1. // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-7.-C. 94-140. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_2306.html
Aleynikov A.V. Sistemnye konflikty v Rossii: kontseptual'nye osnovaniya analiza. Stat'ya II. // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-8.-C. 1-47. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_5109.html
Azarov M.S. Domennye imena v strukture grazhdanskogo i informatsionnogo prava // Informatsionnoe pravo. 2010. №
S. 14-17. 2. Sergo A.G. Pravovoy rezhim domennykh imen i ego razvitie v g

Abstract: A contract serves as means of reflecting independent expressions of will of parties to treaties, and it is mostly typical for civil law regulation and for the subjects, which have independent competences and interests. However, lately contractual regulation is used in public relations, and the issue of the category of “administrative contracts” became topical. The article provides theoretical substantiation of an administrative contract as an acceptable and applicable administrative legal form. The article reflects the opinions of Russian scholars on the issues of administrative contracts and social relations subject to their regulation based on their legal nature. The author evaluates the perspectives of development of administrative contracts. The object of administrative law and its goals require the conclusion that a contractual form should be introduced as means for the regulation of social relations. The article shall be useful for researchers in the sphere of administrative law, students, postgraduate students, lecturers.

Keywords: administrative legal form, administrative contract, public management, legal nature, model s of administrative contract, legal characteristics, normative contract, administrative law, scientific problems.

References:
But S.S. Sistema administrativno-pravovykh sredstv protivodeystviya korruptsii v tamozhennykh organakh Rossiyskoy Federatsii // NB: Administrativnoe pravo i praktika administrirovaniya.-2013.-9.-C. 88-98. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/al/article_10137.html
Tsaliev A.M. Rasshirenie roli sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii v gosudarstvennoy politike // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki.-2013.-3.-C. 21-94. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_554.html
Starilov Yu.N. Administrativnyy dogovor: opyt zakonodatel'nogo regulirovaniya v Germanii // Gosudarstvo i pravo. – 1996. – № 12. – S. 47.
Starilov Yu.N. Administrativnyy dogovor: opyt zakonodatel'nogo regulirovaniya v Germanii // Gosudarstvo i pravo. – 1996. – № 12. – S. 42-43.
Korenev A.P., Abdurakhmanov A.A. Administrativnye dogovory: ponyatie i vidy // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. – 1998. – № 7. – S. 86.
Ivanov V.V. Obshchaya teoriya dogovorov. – M.: «Yurist'», – 2006. – S. 238.
Demin A.V. Obshchie voprosy teorii administrativnogo dogovora. – Kr

Abstract: The federal structure of the Russian Federation, as enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation provides for delineation of objects of competence and powers between the state government bodies of the Russian Federation and the government bodies of its constituent subjects. The object of study in this article regards distinguishing the competence of the Russian Federation and its constituent subjects when implementing the constitutional right of citizens to social guarantees at various historic stages of its development. The author shows topical issues in the sphere of distinguishing the functions and constitutional obligations of the state in the sphere of social guarantees between of the Russian Federation and its constituent subjects: evolution and current situation. The said issues are studied with the use of logic and systemic analysis, analysis and synthesis, formal legal and comparative legal methods, as well as historical comparative method of cognition. The article provides and supports the thesis, according to which constitutional right to social guarantees should be within the sphere of competence of both the federal center and the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation depending on the elements being regulated, and such situation should be preserved non withstanding historic stages of its development, centralization or decentralization of competence. Based upon the study the author draws a conclusion on the need to provide greater role for the Russian Federation in the sphere of implementation of the constitutional right of citizens to social guarantees, as a necessary condition for preservation of the united legal territory of the state and implementation of the principles of social state.

Keywords: Constitution, social guarantees, competence, powers, evolution, federal center, subjects, concept, social state, centralism.

References:
Umnova I.A. Problemy defederalizatsii i perspektivy optimizatsii sovremennoy rossiyskoy modeli razgranicheniya predmetov vedeniya i polnomochiy v kontekste doktriny subsidiarnosti // Sravnitel'noe konstitutsionnoe obozrenie. 2012. № 2.
Nelyubina E.V. Stanovlenie sotsial'nykh prav v rossiyskom zakonoda-tel'stve: istoriko-teoreticheskiy aspekt // Konstitutsionnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. 2008. № 22. S.14.
Mal'tsev G.V. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie prava i svobody grazhdan SSSR i ikh garantii // Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo. 1983. №2.S.116.
Kuritsyn V.M. Razvitie prav i svobod v Sovetskom gosudarstve. M., 1983 S.26-36.
Lapaeva V.V. Aktual'nye problemy konstitutsionno-pravovogo razvitiya Rossii (O knige V.D. Zor'kina "Rossiya i Konstitutsiya v XXI v.") // Zhurnal konstitutsionnogo pravosudiya. 2008. № 3.
Kozlova E.I., Kutafin O.E. Konstitutsionnoe pravo Rossii: Uchebnik. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M., 2001. S. 241.
Kayurov E.A. Nekotorye aspekty povysheniya effektivnosti sistemy razgranicheni

Abstract: This paper considers the concepts of an exclusively renewable energy market on the basis of a hypothesis that the end of the fossil energy era is imminent and the advent of the exclusively renewable energy market is inevitable. It examines energy policies and their suitability for transition to an exclusively renewable energy market as well as drawing on some possibilities for integrating renewable energy policies into current mainstream energy policies. The major part of the paper is devoted to the study of an exclusively renewable energy market structure which would consist almost exclusively of renewable electricity and not biofuels. The qualities of various renewable energy sources are considered and evaluated in order to determine they part in future exclusively renewable energy market. Individual or end-consumer renewable electricity production is considered to be the dominant trend in an exclusively renewable energy market.

Keywords: energy, economy, renewable energy policy, renewable energy market, energy market structure, individual energy production, end-consumer, electricity, biofuel, fossil fuels

References:
IEA, World Energy Outlook, 2010
IEA, World Energy Outlook, 2012
J.P. Tomain, R. Cudahy, Energy Law, West, 2012

Abstract: The goal of this article is to follow the evolution of the election bodies in Russia and to find the optimum legal status for their future. The elections in the Ancient Russia, at the time of formation of a centralized Russian state, at the time of the estate representative monarchy were self-organized and were rather weakly controlled by the centralized power. At the time of absolutism the elective element within the public power was weakened. At the time of the rule of Catherine the II, the election procedures gained more detail, and the election system for the city government was formed. During the reforms of the second half of the XIX century, the Russian election law was formed and the election process was guaranteed by the administrative bodies. The system of independent election commissions was formed for the elections to the Constituent Assembly in 1917. In the Soviet period the election commissions did not have any real powers, due to the lack of political competition within the state and non-alternative structure of elections. In the modern Russia the system of election commission remained and their authority gained recognition. In fact they are public bodies, but they are not included into any of the branches of the power, and they are not “election power” either. The author offers to single out the functions of organization of the election process and holding voting. The first function should be transferred to the executive branch of government as a specialized federal service. Voting should be held based on self-organization of electors within the framework of independent social bodies – district election commissions.

Keywords: elections, election bodies, election commissions, self-organization of electors, veche, electoral power, separation of powers, freedom of election, election rights, democracy.

References:
Sergeevich V.I. Veche i knyaz'. Russkoe gosudarstvennoe ustroystvo i upravlenie vo vremena knyazey Ryurikovichey // Institut vyborov v istorii Rossii. Istochniki, svidetel'stva sovremennikov. Vzglyady issledovateley XIX – nachala XX vv. Avt.-sost. Yu.A. Vedeneev, I.V. Zaytsev, V.V. Lugovoy. Pod obshch. red. A.A. Veshnyakova. M., 2001. S.
Chicherin B.N. Gubnye starosty i tseloval'niki: okrug, vybory // In-stitut vyborov v istorii Rossii. Istochniki, svidetel'stva sovremennikov. Vzglyady issledovateley XIX – nachala XX vv. Avt.-sost. Yu.A. Vedeneev, I.V. Zaytsev, V.V. Lugovoy. Pod obshch. red. A.A. Veshnyakova. M., 2001. S. 106.
Shchapov A.P. Sel'skiy mir i mirskoy skhod // Institut vyborov v isto-rii Rossii. Istochniki, svidetel'stva sovremennikov. Vzglyady issledovate-ley XIX – nachala XX vv. Avt.-sost. Yu.A. Vedeneev, I.V. Zaytsev, V.V. Lugovoy. Pod obshch. red. A.A. Veshnyakova. M., 2001. S. 94-96.
Ivanchenko A.V. Izbiratel'nye komissii v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: istoriya, teoriya, praktika. M., 1

Abstract: The author analyzes international commercial arbitration in Russia as well as the connection between the Russian legal system and the legal systems of other states, which was formed due to its influence. In particular, the article concerns such issues as confidentiality of arbitration proceedings, following the proportionality principle, problems of enforcement of arbitration decisions and formation of an arbitration agreement, as well as nuances of data transfer with the use of modern digital technologies. It is stated that it is typical for the Russian law to follow both public and private rules and norms of international law. In the opinion of the author the situation with the application of international law in the Russian Federation was considerably improved after the Part 3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation was passed, and the Russian conflict of laws norms on foreign economic deals came into conformance with the modern tendencies of development of the international private law. Nevertheless, the author considers that existing solutions are still far from perfection. Considering that the Russian approach to arbitrability is narrower than it is in a number of other states, there is a possibility that the foreign companies and their representatives shall avoid dispute resolution in Russia. That is, the author considers that the attempts to introduce strict control by state judicial bodies may worsen the position of the Russian companies, having commercial relations with foreign businesses. As a result of the outflow of the international arbitration from Russia due to the strict state policy, the economic situation of enterprises being parties to such disputes shall become worse. It shall lead to worsening of the situation in the national economy as a whole. On the other hand, after Russia has entered the WTO, the relations between the state judicial bodies and international commercial arbitration are being corrected. It allows us to hope to successfully pass another level of changes in the Russian law.

Keywords: jurisprudence, foreign trade, trade dispute, arbitration, international arbitration, arbitration agreement, international commercial dispute, domestic legislation, international treaty, unification of law.

References:
Bardina M.P. Opredelenie primenimykh kollizionnykh norm v praktike mezhdunarodnogo kommercheskogo arbitrazh. V kn.: Komarov A.S. (red.) Mezhdunarodnyy kommercheskiy arbitrazh: sovremennye problemy i resheniya: Sbornik statey. M., 2007, s. 28-46.
Bardina M.P. Osobennosti opredeleniya prava, podlezhashchego primeneniyu mezhdunarodnym kommercheskim arbitrazhem // Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe i chastnoe pravo. 2003. № 5. S. 18–19.
Erpyleva N.Yu. Mezhdunarodnyy kommercheskiy arbitrazh v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave: problemy i perspektivy sovremennogo razvitiya // Pravo i politika. 2004. №№ 4, 5.
Kabatov V.A. Vybor primenimogo prava // ezh-Yurist. 2001. № 42.
Kuznetsov O. Itogi-2012. Rossiyskie kompanii v mezhdunarodnom arbitrazhe // RAPSI. 26.12.12. URL: http://rapsinews.ru/legal_market_publication/20121226/265919336.html
Nikiforov, V. A. Mezhdunarodnyy kommercheskiy arbitrazh v sisteme treteyskikh sudov: Istoriya i sovremennoe sostoyanie: Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni ka

Abstract: The article concerns legal problems regarding the existing order of making entrepreneurial subjects legitimate in the Russian Federation. The author defines the key tendencies of legislative development on state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, and she analyzes the existing legal practice. The article aims to formulate the propositions in order to optimize the registration regime of entrepreneurial activity within the framework of improvement of business conditions in the Russian Federation. The study showed that the process of development of legislation on state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs is simultaneously influenced by a number of factors, including the civil legislation reforms, administrative reform, formation of the unified economic territory with the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is established that currently unification of the order of making subjects of entrepreneurial activities legitimate within the legislations of the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Community (EEC). Solving the existing legal regulation problems in the sphere of state registration of entrepreneurial subjects (such as inefficient control over lawfulness of formation of legal entities, failure to provide public and authentic data on state registration, imperfections within the system of conditions for the refusal in state registration, etc.) requires simultaneous achievement of two opposite goals – strengthening control over legality of formation of such entities (mostly, organizations), and de-bureaucratizing the procedure. It is offered to guarantee the control over compliance of charter documents of newly formed legal entities, order of their formation and authenticity of the provided data at the stage of their formation, providing notary control over this sphere.

Keywords: making entrepreneurial subjects legitimate, state registration, formation of legal entities, business conditions, EEC, reform of civil legislation, provision of state services, authenticity of the OSRLE (Official Single Register of Legal Entities), registering body, registration agent.

References:
Gerasimov V. Potentsial notariata ne vostrebovan // "Rossiyskaya yustitsiya", 2000, N 1, str. 31.
Dedov D.I. Yuridicheskiy metod: nauchnoe esse. M.: Volters Kluver, 2008.-160 s.
Zykova I.V. Pravovoe regulirovanie gosudarstvennoy registratsii yuridicheskikh lits: sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya // Advokat. 2004. № 1.-S.66-77.
Zykova I.V. Yuridicheskie litsa: sozdanie, reorganizatsiya, likvidatsiya. M.: Os'-89, 2005.-143 s.
Ionova Zh.A. Pravovye problemy legitimatsii predprinimatel'stva // Gosudarstvo i pravo. 1997. №5.-S. 46-50.
Lomakin D.V. O proekte federal'nogo zakona «O gosudarstvennoy registratsii yuridicheskikh lits» // Zakonodatel'stvo. 2001. № 6.-S.75-79.
Pakerman G.A. Unifikatsiya pravovogo regulirovaniya inostrannykh investitsiy v stranakh Sodruzhestva Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv. M.: Eksmo, 2009.-398 s.
Sasov K. «Lipovaya» registratsiya yuridicheskikh lits: komu eto nuzhno // Konsul'tant. 2013. №1. Sistema GARANT.
Sukhanov E.A. O Kontseptsii razvitiya zakon

Abstract: The institution of dual citizenship causes humanitarian and political frictions and political legal collisions due to the differences in the amount of freedoms and rights, which dual nationals may really have at the place of their residence and to which they are entitled under the laws of their (ethnical, etc.) motherland, citizenship of which they still have. Due to this issue, in last 150 years the practice of the international relations tends to avoid application of the dual citizenship, and if it is not possible to entirely avoid it – to use it based on bilateral treaties. This is especially relevant within the context of regional integration processes and political – humanitarian security of the “new democracies” (including Russia and Ukraine). Moreover, in the complicated post-Soviet reality, which is made even more difficult by the ethnic and national conflicts in the Trandniestria and the Caucasus, the problem of dual citizenship as a national security factor has at least three dimensions: political legal; social political and European integration.

Keywords: political science, citizenship, state, security, dual nationals, integration, collision, globalization, Europe, law.

References:
Barkhatova E.Yu. Grazhdanstvo i registratsiya: Moskva, Rossiya, SNG. –
izd., pererab. i dop. – M.: TK Velbi; Prospekt, 2005. – 397 s. 2.Bedr?y R.B. Gromadyanstvo Ukra?ni: konstituts?yno-pravov? osnovi: Avtoref. dis... kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.02 / Nats?onal'na akadem?ya vnutr?shn?kh sprav Ukra?ni. – K., 2005. – 16 s.
Belov A.V. Dvoynoe grazhdanstvo i problema loyal'nosti // Pravovedenie. – 2002. – № 2. – S. 157-161.
Belov A.V. Mezhdunarodno-pravovye aspekty dvoynogo grazhdanstva : Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk. Spetsial'nost' 12.00.10-Mezhdunarodnoe pravo ; Evropeyskoe pravo / Sankt-Peterburgskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet. – SPb., 2002. – 23 s.
Vykhovanets O. Institut grazhdanstva kak instrument postroeniya Russkogo mira // http://www.antropotok.archipelag.ru/text/a221.htm
Evropeyskaya konventsiya o grazhdanstve ot 6 noyabrya 1997 g. // European Treaty Series. – № 166.
Zakon Ukra?ni «Pro gromadyanstvo Ukra?ni» // V?domost? Verkho

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of development and practical implementation of the large scale constitutional modernization program in the Great Britain. Central attention is paid to two of its aspects – transfer of some powers from the center to the regional organs within the devolution program, as well as the reform of the House of Lords. The author analyzes a complex of various causes, which resulted in the need to correct a constitutional legal mechanism of the United Kingdom, he also provides the analysis of attitude of the key political parties, inner groups within such parties and movements to these changes. The author also studies the history of representation of the regions of the state in the higher chamber of the British Parliament, the changes which already took place and the perspectives and directions for the further modernization of the state government mechanism. The close connection and interdependence of the changes is being noted. The growing regionalization demands formation of the new type of relations with the central government, and it makes the problem of revision of principles of formation and powers of the higher chamber of the Parliament especially topical, it also requires correction of an election system.

Keywords: the Great Britain, constitutional reforms, the House of Lords, devolution, regionalization, nationalism, political strife, the Conservators, the Tory, the Labour, representation.

References:
Barnett A., Carty P. The Athenian Option, Radical Reform of the House of Lords. L., 1998.
Deadman H. Proposals for Reform of the Composition and Powers of the House of Lords, 1968-1998. L., 1998.
Great Britain. Parliamentary Debates. House of Commons. Sixth Series. Vol. 548.
Great Britain. Parliamentary Debates. House of Lords. Fifth Series. Vol. 602.
House of Lords Reform: an Alternative Way Forward, a report by members of the Joint Committee of both Houses of Parliament on the Government’s Draft House of Lords Reform Bill, April 2012, accessed 1 May 2012 // URL: www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/RP12-37.pdf (05.07.2013)
House of Lords Reform Draft Bill. L., 2011.
Make The Difference. The Liberal Democrat Manifesto 1997. L., 1997.
Nick Clegg sceptical on Lords reform referendum // URL: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-17774183 (04.07.2013);
Osmond J. Reforming the Lords and Changing Britain. L., 1998.
Proposals for a Reformed House of Lords Published //
URL: http:

Abstract: Formation of a rule-of-law state is aimed at protection of the rights of society and individuals in all spheres of life. The strife to achieve this goal should be a defining factor in economics. The shortcomings of antimonopoly legislation previously did not allow to adapt competition regulation to the Russian economic reality. The article contains an opinion that in order to fight economic crime, humanization of criminal legislation should be aimed upon prevention of bad-faith competition of economic subjects, abusing their dominant positions. Since state plays an important role in Russian economy (unlike many Western states), many markets are monopolized by state or municipal enterprises, or the privatized economic subjects. Based on the analysis of the shortcomings of anti-monopoly legislation, the author proposes a way to lower the level of economic crime.

Keywords: human rights, civil society, monopolism, competition protection, economic subject, dominating position, criminal deal, cartel, privatization, politics.

References:
Alekseev S.S. Pravo: azbuka – teoriya – filosofiya: Opyt kompleksnogo issledovaniya. – M., 1999.
Bekkaria Ch. O prestupleniyakh i nakazaniyakh. – M., 2000.
Vyrazhenie «nevidimaya ruka» bylo predlozheno eshche Adamom Smitom. V nashe vremya ottenok etogo vyrazheniya, pozhaluy, mozhno prosledit' v sochetanii «mirovaya zakulisa», ostavlennogo nam I.A. Il'inym.
Sr. ob etom: Kim Iljoong. The Role of the Three Branches of Government for the Rule of Law and the Free Market in Korea. Korea Economic Research Institute, 1995.
Ivanov A.M. Predely gosudarstvennogo vmeshatel'stva v razvitie ekonomiki po Konstitutsii Respubliki Koreya. // Pravo – Politika – Zakon, №3, 2003.
Zeel'mann K. Filosofiya prava. / Per. s nem. – Vladivostok, 2003.
Aleksandrova A.P. Zashchita sotsial'no-ekonomicheskikh prav i svobod: obshcheteoreticheskiy analiz. // Avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. – Kazan', 2002.
Belyanskaya O.V. Mekhanizm neposredstvennoy realizatsii prav i svobod lichnosti. // Avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. – Saratov, 2003.
Ekimov A.I., Sa

Abstract: The article is devoted to one of the topical problems of the Russian testament law, that is to the acceptability of the joint testament in the Russian civil law. The analysis of the object of studies allows to widen the scope of understanding on the form of testaments. The institution of joint testament in Russia has some perspectives for the development. The scientific disputes of the civilists do not provide an unified response to this issue. Most legal scholars refer to the positive experience of foreign states, which allow more space for the implementation of the last will of the testator. Much attention is paid to the case when a regular testament would not correspond to the will of the spouses. Comparative studies allow to single out legal approaches and legislative regulation, which should be carefully worked through. It is important to provide due consideration to the balance of interests of late and surviving spouses. The author comes to a conclusion on the need to amend the current legislation on testaments.

Keywords: joint testament, testament, inheritance, making testament, heritor, testator, testament of spouses, invalidity of testament, testament law.

References:
Abramov Ya. V. Dukhovnye zaveshchaniya: kak ikh sostavlyat', izmenyat', otmenyat', predstavlyat' k utverzhdeniyu i osparivat' / sostavil Ya. V. Abramov.-2-e izd.-S.-Peterburg: Tip. M. Merkusheva, 1900.-64 s.
Blinkov, O. E. Mnogostoronnie zaveshchaniya v nasledstvennom prave zarubezhnykh stran /O. E. Blinkov.//Sovremennoe pravo.-2008.-№ 11.-S. 117 – 120.
Vorontsov V.M., Sigov A.S. O ponyatii sovmestnogo zaveshchaniya po grazhdanskomu pravu Germanii.// VESTNIK ASSOTsIATsII VUZOV TURIZMA I SERVISA.-2010.-№ 1. S. 49-53.
Kulikov V. Smertel'nyy sluchay // Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2011. 28 iyunya.
Lyubavskiy A. Ob uproshchenii vneshney formy zaveshchaniy.-SPb.: Tipolitografiya L. Landvigera, 1865.-286 s.
Pobedonostsev K.P. Kurs grazhdanskogo prava. Chast' vtoraya: Prava semeystvennye, nasledstvennye i zaveshchatel'nye.-M.: "Status", 2003.-639 s.
Podoprigora A.A. Osnovy rimskogo grazhdanskogo prava: Ucheb. posobie dlya studentov yurid. vuzov i fakul'tetov, — 2-e izd., pererab. — K.: Venturi, 1995.