Abstract: This study examines the features of forming in data visualization. To do this, the authors hypothesize that there are special areas of interest on the charts. The user pays attention to them in order to decode data encrypted with graphics. The presence of such areas, and in some cases, points, are intuitively determined during the formation of the design rules of information graphics. To verify them, the study used the eye-tracking method and the cluster analysis method. The application of interdisciplinary principles and rules of infographics design has been studied on the example of horizontal and vertical bar charts, pie, pictorial and flow charts.
The result of experiments with various types of charts showed the presence of additional areas of interest not previously indicated by data visualization specialists. This makes it possible to clarify the features of graphic forms and the formation of diagrams, allows you to verify the use of design rules formulated by the efforts of domestic and foreign specialists in the late XIX — early XX centuries. Such verification can be done using a methodology that includes statistical methods and the tracking method, which allows us to take into account the valuable experience of the past in modern information design. The presented procedure can be extended to other types of charts, diagrams and thematic maps, and have practical application in the analysis of big data visualization.

Keywords: pie chart, bar chart, pictorial chart, flow chart, area of interest, eye-tracking method, information graphics, data visualization, doughnut chart, formation

References:
Bertin, J. (2011). Semiology of Graphics. Diagrams. Networks. Maps. Redlans: Esri Press.
Laptev, V. V., & Orlov, P. A. (2016). The Eye-Tracking Study of Effects of the Stylisation Level in Pictorial Charts. Humanities and Science University Journal, 19, 44–56.
Ziemkiewicz, C., & Kosara, R. (2010). Implied Dynamics in Information Visualization. Proceedings Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI), 215–222.
Huang, W. (2007) Using eye tracking to investigate graph layout effects. Proceedings of the 6th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualisation, 97–100.
Goldberg, J. H., & Helfman, J. I. (2010). Comparing information graphics: a critical look at eye tracking. Proceedings of the 3rd BELIV’10 Workshop: Beyond time and errors: Novel evaluation methods for information visualization, 71–78.
Huestegge, L, & Pötzsch, T. H. (2018) Integration processes during frequency graph comprehension: Performance and eye movemen

Abstract: The research is aimed at studying the elements that affect the visual perception of the film frame in order to develop methodological recommendations for the process harmonization of the film frame. The object of research is a film frame. The subject of the research is the technology of film frame processing. The purpose of this work is to obtain experimental data of the film frame viewing pattern and to identify statistical patterns to confirm or refute the formulated hypothesis. The goal of the study is to conduct an experimental study of the influence of composition on the parameters of the film frame viewing pattern. The influence of the factor of the mutual ratio of the areas of the centers of interest to the background on the parameters of the template for viewing the stimulus material is investigated. As a result, the methodology has been developed for conducting experimental studies of human perception of visual information using an eye-tracking software and hardware complex. When analyzing data on the influence of the objects size factor. The results obtained show that under the condition that objects occupy a small area of the frame, the observer needs more time to consider this frame. As well as in the case when objects occupy most of the frame (more than 40%). In the first case, due to the small size of the objects, it becomes more difficult for the observer to find objects in the frame space. In the second case, it takes time to identify objects, since they tend to be perceived as a background due to their large size.

Keywords: Cinematograph, Human visual system, Gestalt psychology, Statistical analysis of data, Experiment, Color scheme, Eye-tracker, Film frame, Visual appeal, Composition

References:
Lotman Yu.M. Semiotics of cinema and problems of cinema aesthetics // Lotman Yu.M. On Art (St. Petersburg, 1998)
Jonides J., Irwin D.E., Yantis S. Integrating visual information from successive fixations // Science. 1982.V.215.P. 192-194.
Burr D., Morrone M.C. Eye movements: building a stable world from glance to glance // Curr Biol. 2005. V.15. No. 20.P. 839-840.
Mescheryakov S.V., Yanchus V.E., Borevich E.V. Experimental Research of Digital Color Correction Models and Their Impact on Visual Fixation of Video Frames // Humanities and Science University Journal. 2017. V. 27. P. 15-24.
Borevich E.V., Yanchus V.E., Mescheryakov S.V. Computer Eye-Tracking Model to Investigate Influence of the Viewer's Perception of the Graphic Information // GraphiCon 2021: Proceedings of the 31st Int. conf. in computer graphics and machine vision. P. 720-728
Orlov P.A., Laptev V.V., Ivanov V.M. On the issue of using eye-tracking systems. St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal. 2014. V. 5 (205)

Abstract: This article describes the methodology developed by the authors for conducting an experimental study of the perception of the graphical interface of remote control systems for dynamic objects using eye-tracking technology. The developed methodology is an integral part of research on the perception of visual information. The object of the study is a graphical interface of dynamic object control systems. The subject of the study is dashboards in a stimulus slide, their internal content (type, size, quantity). The methodology includes the development of a set of dashboards with different values of the displayed parameter, made in three types of diagrams (linear, columnar, curly quantitative) and in three sizes. The stimulus material of the experiment was developed using a special software module. This module performed the task of filling the stimulus with dashboards randomly. To conduct the experiment, an eye-tracking software and hardware complex was used, which captures the objective parameters of the eye pattern and allows you to shoot arrays of experimental data. Standard methods of mathematical statistics, such as analysis of variance, are used to process the results of the experiment. The developed technique was tested on a limited group. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the development of a methodology for conducting an experimental study on the influence of the factor of the number, type and size of diagrams in a graphic composition, its perception by the viewer.

Keywords: Computational experiment, Analysis of variance, Visual system, Software module, Statistical processing, AI Tracker, Infographics, Incentive material, Human-computer interaction, Intelligent interface

References:
Sergeev S. F.: Virtual simulators: problems of theory and methodology of design // Biotechnosphere. 2010. No. 2 (8). pp. 15-20.
Sergeev S. F.: The human factor in domestic robotics: the main problems and prospects of development // Robotics and technical cybernetics. 2016. No. 3 (12). pp.10-13.
Lyz A. E., Companets V. S.: Ai‒tracking as a method for evaluating user interfaces// In the collection: New problems of technical sciences and ways to solve them// Collection of articles on the results of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. 2017. pp. 31-33.
Raskin D.: Interface: new directions in the design of computer systems. St. Petersburg: Symbol-Plus, 2005, pp. 69.
Sergeev S. F.: The human factor in aircraft of the 6th generation: problems of technosymbiosis// Mechatronics, automation, control. 2018. Vol. 19. No. 12. pp. 806-811.
Chiquet S., Martarelli C. S., Mast F.W.: Eye movements to absent objects during mental imagery and visual memory in immersive virtual reality.

Abstract: This article discusses how to the goal pursuers can simultaneously achieve their goals in the group pursuit task. The proposed pursuit model suggests the pursuer to follow the set motion pattern, which is structured at each point of time. Such trajectory is a compound curve that takes into account the curvature constraints. The time of achieving the goal of each pursuer depends on the velocity and minimum radius of curvature of the trajectory. Multi-factor analysis of velocity modules and minimum radius of curvature of the trajectories of each pursuer for simultaneous achievement of their goals is the focus of this research

Keywords: Attainment, Multifactorial, Trajectory, Line, Curvature, Target, Pursuer, Persuit, Parallel, Plane

References:
Svidetel'stvo o gosudarstvennoy registratsii programmy dlya EVM ¹ 2020665641. Kinematicheskaya model' metoda parallel'nogo sblizheniya
Video, rezul'taty modelirovaniya odnovremennogo dostizheniya dvukh tseley tremya presledovatelyami v naznachennye znacheniya vremeni, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=F6MTsWZL2BY&feature=youtu.be (data obrashcheniya 22.05.2021)
L. S. Pontryagin. Lineynaya differentsial'naya igra ukloneniya/ Tr. MIAN SSSR. 1971. T. 112. S. 30-63.
N. N. Krasovskiy, A. I. Subbotin. Pozitsionnye differentsial'nye igry/ M, Nauka, 1974 g.
Petrosyan L. A. Differentsial'nye igry presledovaniya/ Izd-vo LGU, 222 c., 1977 g.
http://dubanov.exponenta.ru Razdel «Odnovremennoe dostizhenie tseli na ploskosti» (data obrashcheniya 22.05.2021)
Video, rezul'taty programmy modelirovaniya odnovremennogo dostizheniya tseli, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VNHNwCbWrg (data obrashcheniya 22.05.2021)
Video, rezul'taty modelirovaniya odnovremennogo dostizheniya dvukh tseley tremya presledovatelyami s vizualizatsiey seti liniy prognozirue

Abstract: This article reviews the example of using a geometric model of a hypersurface in multidimensional space on the Radishchev blueprint, which reflects interconnection between the four variables in solution of one of the tasks associated with structuring the technological process fulfilled by a welding robot. In structuring technological processes related to welding, it is necessary to solve the optimization task of determining the position of the foundation of welding robot relative to the welded brackets and the axis of the container of cylindrical shape. The welding process requires finding the most optimal welding robot, the geometric model of the kinematic chain of which would move the output link and welding head across all sections of welding seams. As an example, the author reviews the case when the robot is outside the cylindrical container, and welding objects inside and outside. For carrying out the optimization task, the author examines the correlation between the parameters that determine the position of the robot relative to the container, and the minimum possible vertical displacement of the center of the output link based on the graphic optimization model.  The multicomponent system comprised of the four parameters is studied based on the Radishchev blueprint. The author drew the combinations of curves that set the framework of curve lines of the dual level of the hypersurface in the four-dimensional space. For determination of the curves, the author found the combinations of projections of the dots on the Radishchev blueprint. The use of dual level lines on the Radishchev blueprint allowed determining most optimal position of the manipulator mechanism with regards to the cylindrical surface in welding the items for various industrial robots described in this article.

Keywords: brackets, optimization problem, multidimensional space, Radishchev drawing, geometric modeling, movement synthesis of manipulator, welding, welding robot, hypersurface, cylindrical surface

References:
Konopatskiy, E.V. Vychislitel'nye algoritmy modelirovaniya odnomernykh obvodov cherez k napered zadannykh tochek / E.V. Konopatskiy, A.A. Krys'ko, A.I. Bumaga // Geometriya i grafika. – M.: Infra-M, 2018. – ¹3. – S.20-32. – DOI: 10.12737/article_5bc457ece18491.72807735
Volkov, V.Ya. Mnogomernaya ischislitel'naya geometriya: monografiya /V.Ya. Volkov, V.Yu. Yurkov. – Omsk: Izd-vo OmGPU, 2008. – 244 s.
Radishchev, V.P. O primenenii geometrii chetyrekh izmereniy k postroeniyu raznovesnykh fiziko-khimicheskikh diagramm / V.P. Radishchev // Izv. Sektora fiz.-khim. analiza. – 1947. – T. 15. – S. 129-134.
Pritykin, F. N. Opredelenie formy i razmerov oblasti v shestimernom prostranstve zadayushchey dopustimye mgnovennye sostoyaniya mekhanizma ruki antropomorfnogo robota / F. N. Pritykin, V. I. Nebritov // Programmnye sistemy i vychislitel'nye metody. - 2019. - ¹ 4. - S.115-124.
Pritykin, F. N. Sposob preodoleniya tupikovykh situatsiy pri dvizhenii do tselevoy tochki po proizvol'noy traektorii tsentra vykhodnogo zvena/ F. N. Pritykin, V. I. Nebritov //

Abstract: Linear surfaces are used in various spheres of human activity. One of the most common techniques of designing linear surfaces is based on the three directing curves. In some cases, one of these directing curves is not set, but rather replaced by some geometric condition imposed on the emerging surfaces, which can in form of a certain point correspondence established between the points of the rest two directing curves. The article reviews the example of designing such surfaces, which in an approximate form would restrict the zone that sets the permissible positions of links of the manipulator mechanism of certain given configuration in realization of permissible instantaneous states. The acquired linear surfaces underlie the algorithm for calculation of configurations, which do not intersect the restricted zone in case of a deadlock situation. The result of this research is the computer simulation of the motions of arm and torso mechanism of the Android robot using the obtained algorithm for calculation of configurations. The simulation of motion demonstrates that the use of linear surfaces in analysis of the relative position of the manipulator and restricted zones in the deadlock situations allows reducing the calculation time by 50-60 percent. Such reduction of calculation time is highly demanded in computer control of the arm and torso motions of the Android robot on a real time scale.

Keywords: spherical curve, manipulator mechanism, android robot, instant states, ruled surface, geometric modeling, movement synthesis of manipulator, forbidden area, kinematic pair, tapered surface

References:
Pritykin F. N. and Nebritov V.I. Definition of service angle of android’s robot hand by method of small movements of gripper’s axis synthesis by speed vector – AMSP/IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series – 2019 – Vol. 1210. – pp. 012115-1 – 012115-6. DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1210/1 /01211
Pritykin, F.N. Opredelenie ugla servisa ruki androidnogo robota metodom sinteza malykh dvizheniy osi skhvatonositelya po vektoru skorostey /F. N. Pritykin, V. I. Nebritov // Dinamika sistem, mekhanizmov i mashin. – 2018. – t. 6. ¹2., – S. 276–281.
Pritykin, F.N. Vizualizatsiya lineynykh smeshcheniy uzlovykh tochek pri realizatsii mgnovennykh sostoyaniy razlichnykh konfiguratsiy ruki androidnogo robota /F. N. Pritykin, Khomchenko V.G., Yanishevskaya A.G., V. I. Nebritov // Geometriya i grafika – 2019. Tom 7 – vyp. 3.-S. 51-59.
Kobrinskiy, A. A. Manipulyatsionnye sistemy robotov / A. A. Kobrinskiy, A. E. Kobrinskiy. – M.: Nauka. 1985. – 343 s.
Lebedev, P. A. Analiticheskiy metod opredeleniya koeffitsienta servisa manipulyatora // Pr

Abstract: This article reviews the experience of application of VR-AR technologies (virtual and augmented reality technologies) for visual demonstration of production facilities in the process of engineering and operation. The three-dimensional modeling in CAD systems is commonly used as a means for development of construction documentation, visualization of work at different stages of engineering, and preparation of objects for engineering analysis. The authors believe that the use of AR-solutions not in parallel, but along with modern CAD systems for solution of engineering and design problems would allow avoiding design flaws and simplify the process of demonstration of projects. Based on the blueprints and three-dimensional models of the parts and assembly of two-stage reduction gear used  for lifting a thermal furnace in metallurgical production, within the framework of development of the Unity multimedia application is developed the AR application for visual demonstration of the device. As the guide mark for visualization is selected the assembly drawing of the reduction gear in digital graphical format edited in the Vuforia portal. The guide mark database is imported into the Unity environment, the logic of implementation of the technique for demonstrating the assembly of the device and separate parts is written in script program. The application is installed on a smartphone and tested; pointing the camera at the printed assembly drawing allows seeing the 3D model of the reduction gear from different angles, hide any details and scrutinize the device. The AR-applications developed according to the proposed method can be used in the process of training operational personnel, which would improve the performance and quality of work during installation and maintenance of industrial facilities, as well as for displaying the projects during exhibitions and presentations of new products.

Keywords: 3D model, production, AR application, design, digital technology, AR – Augmented Reality, VR – Virtual Reality, demonstration, assembly drawing, training

References:
Sosnilo A.I., Ustyuzhanina M.D. Tekhnologii virtual'noy i dopolnennoy real'nosti kak faktory gosudarstvennoy ekonomicheskoy politiki i rosta konkurentosposobnosti biznesa // Vestnik PNIPU. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie nauki. 2019. ¹2. S. 204-219.
Natsional'nyy proekt «Tsifrovaya ekonomika» [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL: https://futurerussia.gov.ru/cifrovaya-ekonomika
Cherkasov K. V., Chistyakova N. S., Chernov V. V. Primenenie dopolnennoy real'nosti v obrazovanii // Problemy pedagogiki. 2017. ¹1. S. 40-41.
Taran V. N. Primenenie dopolnennoy real'nosti v obuchenii // Problemy sovremennogo pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya. 2018. ¹ 60-2. S. 333-337.
Uvarov A. Yu. Tekhnologii virtual'noy real'nosti v obrazovanii // Nauka i shkola. 2018. ¹4. S. 108-117.
Andrushko D. Yu. Primenenie tekhnologiy virtual'noy i dopolnennoy real'nosti v obrazovatel'nom protsesse. Problemy i perspektivy // Nauchnoe obozrenie. Pedagogicheskie nauki. 2018. ¹ 6. S. 5-10.
Nabokova L.S., Zagidullina F.R. Perspektivy vnedreniya tekhnologiy dopolnennoy i vir

Abstract: The scientific research related to the use of eye tracking technologies are currently of particular relevance. A substantial area of scientific knowledge, in which it is feasible to use eye tracking technologies, is associated with the study of perception of visual information. One of the trends of such research is the examination of the impact of compositional construction of visual image upon its perception by the viewer. The object of this research is elements of graphic composition (stylistic and color solutions). The subject is the methods and algorithms for digital processing of graphic material. The article employs the computational methods of color correction, eye tracking technology, expert assessment, statistical processing of the obtained experimental data. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the development of methodology of preparing and conducting computational experiments for the impact of the stylistic solution of graphic composition upon its perception by the viewer. The technique developed by the authors has proven itself in carrying out the experiments for studying the effect of color solution of the frame upon its perception by the viewer. The study revealed the statistical significance of the impact of stylistic solution of graphic composition upon viewer’s perception. The hypothesis that abstract graphic compositions are difficult for viewer’s perception was statistically proven. The acquired results can be used in constructing complex graphic images, which require the speed of information perception to view them.

Keywords: Visual appeal, Style decision, Experiment, Statistical treatment, Eye Tracker, Stimulus, Human Visual Perception, Abstract Composition, Digital post processing, Statistical significance

References:
Yarbus L. Rol' dvizheniy glaz v protsesse zreniya. M.: Nauka, 1965. 166 s.
Orlov P.A., Laptev V.V., Ivanov V.M. K voprosu o primenenii sistem ay trekinga // Nauchno-tekhnicheskie vedomosti SPbGPU. Informatika. Telekommunikatsii. Upravlenie. SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGPU, 2014, ¹ 5 (205). S. 82 92
Elshanskiy S.P. Predpochtenie i ignorirovanie prostykh geometricheskikh figur v protsesse ikh zritel'nogo vospriyatiya(ay-trekingovoeissledovanie).[Elektronnyy resurs]: http://web.snauka.ru/issues/2014/04/32283(data obrashcheniya: 05.03.2019).
Solso R. Kognitivnaya psikhologiya. 6-e izd. SPb.: Piter, 2006. 589 s.
Mescheryakov S.V., Yanchus V.E., Borevich E.V. Experimental Research of Digital Color Correction Models and Their Impact on Visual Fixation of Video Frames. Humanities and Science University Journal, 2017, Vol. 27, pp. 15-24.
Borevich E.V., Meshcheryakov S. V., Yanchus V. E./ Effektivnye metody i modeli tsifrovoy obrabotki kinomateriala // Grafikon-2017: tr. 27-y mezhdunar. konf. po komp'yuternoy grafike i mashinnomu zreniyu. – Perm': Pe

Abstract: One of the promising areas of software development is the modeling of shapes of various objects with graphical representation of the process itself. The relevance of creation of such systems is first and foremost substantiated by providing a potential user with opportunity to visualize the process of shaping the object under the influence of external factors. Such software modules are highly demanded in such fields as modeling of deformation of a steel ingot in manufacturing rolled steel, prediction of occurrence of defects caused by external influence upon objects of various shape, as well as visualization of work of technical equipment related to external impact upon the object, which changes its shape as a result of applied forces. Elaboration of such systems allows inventing emulators that are demanded in educational institutions, as they replace expensive equipment for training practical skills of the students. For example, in medical universities, such software and hardware systems can be used for acquiring practical skills of working with medical equipment, like installation of ultrasonography. The standard training process for carrying out ultrasound examination in a medical university consists of two stages: theoretical and practical. In the course of training, students are not allowed to use ultrasonography machine as many times to be able to acquire sufficient skills in working with medical equipment. Therefore, it is relevant to develop an assistant robotic system for training, which would serve as an emulator of an actual ultrasonography equipment. The first stage of implementation of such project is the development of a specialized software product that would allow visualizing the image of human organs in 3D format with an option of scaling, rotation and deformation, which occurs due to application of pressure on soft tissues using special joystick during ultrasonography examination.

Keywords: simulation model, IT technologies, software, 3D-object, modeling, digital cube, visualization, polygon grid, 3D-modeling, algorithm

References:
Bagutdinov R.A. Ideya mnogorakursnoy sistemy tekhnicheskogo zreniya dlya formirovaniya 3D-modeley poverkhnosti ob'ekta v zadachakh razrabotki mobil'nykh robotov //Programmnye sistemy i vychislitel'nye metody. 2017. ¹ 4. S. 1-6.
Kravchenko A.M., Semerenko I.P., Ikama D.L. Modelirovanie i vizualizatsiya napryazhenno-deformirovannogo sostoyaniya mekhanicheskikh sistem v usloviyakh sovremennoy obrazovatel'noy sredy // Nauchnyy rezerv. 2019. ¹ 4 (8). S. 92-98.
Koznov D.V., Larchik E.V.1, Terekhov A.N. Transformatsiya dinamicheskikh predstavleniy v predmetno-orientirovannom vizual'nom modelirovanii // Programmirovanie. 2015 . ¹ 4. S. 3-12.
Bugakova T.Yu. Trekhmernoe modelirovanie deformatsii inzhenernogo ob'ekta metodom splayn-interpolyatsii // Vestnik SGUGIT (Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta geosistem i tekhnologiy). Novosibirsk. 2019. S. 96-105.
Osintsev A.V., Ochkov K.Yu. Vizualizatsiya peremeshcheniy i deformatsiy metodom tsifrovoy korrelyatsii izobrazheniy // Nauchnaya vizualizatsiya. 2016 . T. 8. ¹ 2. S. 15-23.
Bagutdinov R.A. Ideya mnogor

Abstract: The author of the work has proposed an algorithm for determining catacaustics in a “source-reflector” optical system on a plane. Katakaustika is called the envelope of reflected rays from a given curve and the study of catacaustics in the design of optical systems is one of the main tasks. The paper gives examples of solving this problem and presents the corresponding visualization. Particular attention is paid to problems where the source and reflector are curved, because these tasks in the scientific literature have not been previously considered. The presented algorithm is based on the cyclographic projection of the spatial curve of the line and its optical property. It is versatile and suitable for all tasks where the source of optical radiation is given in the form of a central (point), parallel or scattered beam of direct (light rays). The main advantage of the algorithm is that in the end it turns out analytical, i.e. exact solution to the problem of determining catacaustics. The results of the study can be used in applied fields of geometric optics, as well as in various computer-aided design systems specializing in modeling lighting of geometric objects.

Keywords: source, wave front, optical conversion, catacaustic, cyclographic mapping, geometric optics, geometric modeling, receiver, reflector, algorithm

References:
Kobak, V. O. Radiolokatsionnye otrazhateli / V. O. Kobak ; pod red. O. N. Leont'evskogo. M. : Sov. radio, 1975. – 248 s.
Dominik M. Theory and practice of microlensing light curves around fold singularities / M. Dominik // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. – 2004. – Vol. 353. – Iss. 1. – P. 69-86. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08046.x
Dolgov, A.D. Kosmologiya ranney Vselennoy / A.D. Dolgov, Ya.B. Zel'dovich, M.V. Sazhin. – M.: Izdatel'stvo moskovskogo universiteta, 1988. – 200 s.
Arnol'd, V.I. Teoriya katastrof / V.I. Arnol'd. M.: Nauka, 1990. – 128 s.
Arnol'd, V.I. Matematicheskie metody klassicheskoy mekhaniki / V.I. Arnol'd. M.: Lenand, 2017. – 416 s.
Kutsenko, L.N. O katakaustikakh krivykh, zadannykh parametricheski / L. N. Kutsenko // Visnik ZNU. F³ziko-matematichn³ nauki. – 2002. – ¹ 1.
Raschet otrazhayushchey poverkhnosti, fokusiruyushchey izluchenie v proizvol'nuyu krivuyu v prostranstve / K. V. Borisova [i dr.] // Komp'yuternaya optika. – 2014. – ¹ 3. – S. 449–455.
Dr. Emil Muller. Vorlesungen

Abstract: The article describes a method for determining the linearity of crane rails of bridge cranes by processing photo images. The method does not require marking of the shooting points on the rails, the use of special devices and performing a large number of angular, linear or other measurements. The method uses a horizontal reference line drawn on the image or created using the image on the image of the thread hanging freely in front of the lens cord plummet. The line can also be created using the Plumb-bob program, which gives the image of a vertical line. The image processing algorithm is described using a raster image editor to determine the deviations of the axial points of the rail from the reference line. Various options are being considered for determining the size of one pixel depending on the shooting distance and the height of the camera above the rail. The results of measurements and their comparison with the results obtained by traditional methods, which showed a difference of 0-5 mm are presented. An algorithm for determining the number of pixels contained in a line corresponding to a given distance to any shooting point is described, which allows for the determination of deviations in the image anywhere in the crane path.

Keywords: non-contact measurements, straightdness, reference line, plumb, basis, pixel, photo images, camera, crane rail, deviation

References:
Shekhovtsov G.A. Sovremennye metody geodezicheskogo kontrolya khodovoy chasti i putey mostovykh kranov: monografiya / G.A. Shekhovtsov // Nizhegor. gos. arkhitektur.-stroit. un-t. – 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. – Nizhniy Novgorod: NNGASU, 2018. – 185 s.
Lyashchenko Yu.K. Issledovanie tochnosti posledovatel'nykh fotogrammetricheskikh stvorov / Yu.K. Lyashchenko // Inzh. geod. – 1984, – ¹27. – S. 65–68.
Ustavich G.A. O primenenii nemetricheskikh tsifrovykh kamer dlya inzhenerno-geodezicheskikh izmereniy / G.A. Ustavich, Ya.G. Poshivaylo // Geod. i kartogr. – 2005. – ¹ 8. – S. 19–24.
Katsarskiy I.S. O tsifrovoy fotogrammetrii i perspektivakh ee primeneniya / I.S. Katsarskiy // Geoprofi. – 2006. – ¹ 6. – S. 4–8.
Barsukov K.G. Issledovanie vozmozhnostey nemetricheskikh tsifrovykh fotoapparatov pri reshenii inzhenerno-stroitel'nykh zadach / K.G. Barsukov // Nauch. vestn. Voronezhsk. gos. arkhit.-stroit. un-ta. – 2007. – ¹ 3. – S. 82–85.
Bernasik Jerzy, Mikrut Sławomir Automatyzacja fotogrametrycznych pomiarów odkształceń dachowych dźwig

Abstract: With automated planning of the movement of the arm mechanism of an anthropomorphic robot in organized space, there is a need to reduce the time it takes to calculate the trajectory in the space of generalized coordinates. The indicated time significantly depends on the calculation time of the vector of increments of the generalized coordinates at each calculation step in the synthesis of motions along the velocity vector. In the article the geometric studies based on the study of the size and shape of a region in a multidimensional space of generalized speeds specifying the permissible instantaneous states of the arm mechanism of an anthropomorphic robot are carried out. Based on this study a method is proposed that allows one to reduce the time of iterative search of the vector of increments of generalized coordinates. To establish analytical dependences reflecting the relationship between the geometric parameters of the specified area and the generalized coordinates of the arm mechanism, which determine the positions of the configurations, hypersurfaces in four-dimensional space are used. For this, the equations of interpolating polynomials located in four mutually perpendicular planes are used. Based on these four interpolating polynomials, a fourth-order hypersurface equation is obtained that reflects the relationship of geometric and kinematic parameters. The article also presents the results of virtual modeling of the movement of the arm mechanism of an anthropomorphic robot, taking into account the position of the forbidden zone in the system ACAD. The results of calculations using the obtained analytical dependences showed a reduction in the calculation time of test tasks. The conducted studies can be used in the development of intelligent motion control systems of autonomously functioning anthropomorphic robots in an organized environment without the participation of a human operator.

Keywords: kinematic model, geometric modeling, space of generalized coordinates, movement synthesis of manipulator, objects of multidimensional space, humanoid robot, instant states of mechanism, velocity vector, nodal points of mechanism, linear shifts

References:
Kobrinskiy, A. A. Manipulyatsionnye sistemy robotov / A. A. Kobrinskiy, A. E. Kobrinskiy. – M. : Nauka. 1985. – 343 c.
Whitney, D. E. The Mathematics of Coordinated Control of Prosthetic Arms and Manipulators / D. E. Whitney // J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. – 1972. – ¹ 94 (4). – P. 303–30
Pritykin, F. N. Metody i tekhnologii virtual'nogo modelirovaniya dvizheniy adaptivnykh promyshlennykh robotov s ispol'zovaniem sredstv komp'yuternoy grafiki / F. N. Pritykin // Mekhatronika, avtomatizatsiya, upravlenie. – 2011. – ¹ 6. – s. 34-41.
Korendyasev, A. I. Manipulyatsionnye sistemy robotov / A. I. Korendyasev, B. L. Salamandra, L. I. Tyves. – M. : Mashinostroenie, 1989. – 472 s.
Pritykin F.N. Virtual'noe modelirovanie dvizheniy robotov, imeyushchikh razlichnuyu strukturu kinematicheskikh tsepey : monografiya / F. N. Pritykin ; Minobrnauki Rossii, OmGTU . – Omsk : Izd-vo OmGTU, 2014. – 172 s. : il.
Pritykin F. N. Kodirovanie geometricheskoy informatsii pri zadanii modeli kinematicheskoy tsepi ispolnitel'nogo mekhanizma androidnogo

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the possibility of identifying minerals characteristic of desert regions under expeditionary conditions and in small laboratories that do not have the means to provide energy dispersive microanalysis (EDXMA) or mapping methods of wave dispersive spectroscopy (WDXRS), due to the use of hotel points as an identification technique and areas of interest (ROI) on a sample of correlation spectral image analysis (QAVIS) software. It is proved that this technique allows the identification of individual, resource-valuable minerals using the integral frequency and integral spatial characteristics, as well as the Fourier spectrum itself and the correlogram between the samples. Registration was made on the JEOL JSM system digitized by P.L. Alexandrov (IBCh RAS). The measurements were carried out using QAVIS software, developed at the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences by the team of the Laboratory for the Analysis of Oceanological Information (developers - Goncharova A.A., Fischenko V.K.), Department of Information Technology, Pacific Oceanological Institute named after V.I.Ilicheva FEB RAS. Efficiency of video processing is provided by using one of the “fastest” discrete Fourier transform libraries - FFTW and careful optimization of the QAVIS program code by the authors of this program (the program works with computer video memory, which allows you to process all frames of the video stream at the same time as it is viewed on a computer screen). Thus, it has been shown that program correlation-spectral analysis can serve in working with desert and relevant minerals not only for additive analysis of minerals using scanning microscopy methods, but also for distinguishing submicrostructures of these formations and obtaining histograms of statistical distributions of their descriptors.

Keywords: FFTW library, mineral shape computation, real time mode, Fortran, C general-purpose programming language, Discrete Fourier Transform, correlation spectral analysis, two-dimensional Fourier transform, image analysis, surface roughness

References:
Astapova O. R. 2008. 03. 045. Vengrou D. Arkheologiya rannego Egipta: sotsial'nye izmeneniya v severo-vostochnoy Afrike, 10000-2650 gg. Do NE Wengrow D. The Archaeology of early Egypt: social transformations in North-East Africa, 10000 to 2650 BC.-Cambridge: Cambridge Univ.. Press, 2006.-XXI, 343 P.-(Cambridge world Archaeology) // Sotsial'nye i gumanitarnye nauki. Otechestvennaya i zarubezhnaya literatura. Seriya 5: Istoriya. Referativnyy zhurnal. 2008. ¹3.
Bembeeva T. B., Goryaeva G. S., Sangadzhiev M. M. Mineraly pustyn' Prikaspiya // Prirodno-resursnyy potentsial Prikaspiya i sopredel'nykh territoriy: problemy ego ratsional'nogo ispol'zovaniya: materialy II regional'noy studencheskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii 24–25 aprelya 2015 g. Directmedia, 2015.
Boishenko A. F. Eolovye peski Doliny ozer (MNR) // Byulleten' Komissii po izucheniyu chetvertichnogo perioda. 1979. ¹. 49.
Gkhoneim M.M., Davud M.D., Makhmud M.A. Geokhimiya i spektrometriya muskovitovykh granitov v rayone Umm-Salatit, tsentral'no-vostochnaya pustynya, Egipet // Este

Abstract: The article presents the results of determining the moisture-binding ability and plasticity of food products. Many indicators depend on the ability of meat and fish to bind moisture, including juiciness, tenderness, yield, loss during heat treatment, and appearance. The objects for research were Baikal omul, fresh and salted, beef meat in thawed condition. The moisture-binding ability and plasticity of the objects of study were evaluated by the pressing method. The paper presents the calculations performed using the traditional method and the method of digital processing of color images. Digital image processing was performed using a program developed by the authors, the article provides drawings and tables obtained during image processing. The undoubted advantage of the processing program compared to the traditional method is a significant reduction in time for processing images and the ability to process a large amount of data in a short time. When creating the necessary shooting conditions, the digital image processing method for determining the moisture-binding ability and plasticity of food products can be successfully used for laboratory research in determining the quality of meat and fish products.

Keywords: Grau-Hamm method, pressing method, RGB color model, digital image processing, plasticity, water binding ability, non-destructive testing methods, pixel, ashless filter, data processing

References:
Nikiforova A.P., Damdinova T.Ts., Stolyarova A.S. Izuchenie organolepticheskikh svoystv rybnykh produktov s primeneniem metodov tsifrovoy obrabotki izobrazheniy // Vestnik VSGUTU. 2018. ¹ 4 (71). s.135-142.
Gorbunova I.A. Primenenie ob'ektivnykh instrumental'nykh metodov dlya otsenki nezhnosti i mramornosti myasa // Vse o myase. 2012. ¹3. s.52-54.
Nikiforova A.P., Damdinova T.Ts. Otsenka kachestva myasnykh produktov metodom tsifrovoy obrabotki izobrazheniy // Kontrol' kachestva produktsii. 2019. ¹ 3. s.32-38.
Antipova L.V., Glotova I.A., Rogov I.A. Metody issledovaniya myasa i myasnykh produktov. – M.: Kolos, 2001. – 376 s.
Dzhamakeeva A.D., Muratalieva M.N. Issledovanie vliyaniya ekstrakta iz list'ev inzhira, vkhodyashchego v sostav mnogokomponentnogo rassola, na prochnostnye svoystva myasa // Izvestiya Kyrgyzskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta im. I.Razzakova. 2014. ¹ 32-1. s. 237-242.
Bazhenova B. A., Kolesnikova N. V., Vtorushina I. A., Amagzaeva G. N. Osobennosti tekhnologicheskikh svoystv myasa yakov buryatskogo ekotipa /

Abstract: The article presents an algorithm for modeling a composite curve of the first order smoothness. The necessary formulas for determining the bypass consisting of arcs of third degree polynomials are given. The first option describes the approximation of the entire array of points with the requirement of incidence of the first and last points of the contour. The second option considers the modeling of a curve, with the requirement of incidence of the first point and the free end at the last point, using the principle of drawing curves. In the third variant, the curve must pass through the last point of the array, and at the first point it must meet the requirement of the first order of smoothness tangentially obtained in the previous step. Special points are preliminarily defined on the object - the breakpoint of the contour and points with vertical and horizontal tangents that impose smoothness conditions on the modeled bypass. To model a curve, the least-squares approximation is performed by third-degree polynomials on the set of ordered points bounded by the break points that make up the edge. The advantage of the developed contour modeling method is, firstly, the possibility of processing a large array of points with the observance of a given accuracy. Secondly, it is much easier to ensure the smoothness of the first degree of bypass compared to other methods that use various functions of connecting arcs of the bypass, and it is also important to significantly reduce the amount of data being processed, while maintaining the required specified accuracy. Further works will present the remaining options and formulas for the calculation and their application in the field of reverse engineering, in solving problems of geometric modeling in image processing.

Keywords: reverse engineering, smoothness of the curve, least squares method, approximation, curve fitting, geometric modeling, point clouds, image processing, 3D scanning, data compression

References:
I.G. Balyuba, E.V. Konopatskiy. Konstruirovanie dug obvoda iz krivykh odnogo otnosheniya.// Sbornik trudov Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii po komp'yuternoy grafike i vizualizatsii GraphiCon– 2017, Perm', s.332-334
E.P. Dubovikova, V.A. Korotkiy. Postroenie obvodov pervogo poryadka gladkosti iz dug krivykh 2-go poryadka. Izdatel'skiy tsentr YuUrGU, 2011 [Elektronnyy resurs] http://dspace.susu.ru/xmlui/bitstream/handle/0001.74/1560/33.pdf?sequence=1 (data obrashcheniya: 20.01.2019).
Shikin E. V., Boreskov A. V. Komp'yuternaya grafika. Dinamika, realisticheskie izobrazheniya. M.: DIALOG MIFI, 1996. 288 s. ISBN 5-86404-061-4
Kazantsev A.V. Osnovy komp'yuternoy grafiki, chast' 1 . [Elektronnyy resurs] http://optic.cs.nstu.ru/files/CC/CompGraph/Lit/Kazancev.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 20.01.2019).
Kurs nachertatel'noy geometrii na osnove geometricheskogo modelirovaniya: ucheb. / V.Ya. Volkov, V.Yu. Yurkov, K.L. Panchuk, N.V. Kaygorodtseva. – Omsk: Izd-vo SibADI. – 2010.252c.
Foks A., Pratt M. Vychislitel'naya geometriya. Primenenie v proektirovanii

Abstract: The subject of research is the optical transformations of pairs of basic geometric objects on a plane that simulate various sources of radiation. In the general case, when solving problems of geometric optics on a plane, the task of transforming one beam of rays into another, for example, converting rays of a point source into a system of parallel rays, is distinguished. Such tasks require the creation of a relatively simple method based on the laws of geometrical optics and allowing one to obtain reflective lines of a certain geometry corresponding to the given initial data. Obtaining a reflective line for different combinations of central, parallel and scattered direct beam transformations in this work is based on the cyclographic display method. The method is based on the optical properties of a cyclographic model of a spatial curve of a line and makes it possible to obtain reflective curves of various shapes during optical transformations of straight beams. The use of this method in building a source-receiver system makes it possible to select a receiver (or source) from a variety of receivers (sources) with the same reflector line. The study showed that the cyclographic mapping method makes it relatively easy to obtain reflective lines during optical transformations of various beam beams, while the analytical algorithm makes it possible to obtain parametric equations of this line. The results of the work can be used in the design of various optical systems in the antenna, laser and lighting engineering industries.

Keywords: evolvent, reflective lines, cyclographic mapping, pencil of rays, geometrical optics, Optical transformations, evolute, ruled surface, intersection line, spatial visualization

References:
Kornblit, S. SVCh optika. Opticheskie printsipy v prilozhenii k konstruirovaniyu SVCh antenn : per. s angl. / pod red. O. P. Frolova. M. : Svyaz', 1980. – 360 s.
Kobak, V. O. Radiolokatsionnye otrazhateli / V. O. Kobak ; pod red. O. N. Leont'evskogo. M. : Sov. radio, 1975. – 248 s.
Yurkov, V. Yu. Osnovy teorii i rascheta svetonapravlyayushchikh konstruktsiy : monogr. / V. Yu. Yurkov, S. N. Litunov. – Omsk: Izd-vo OmGTU, 2015. – 112 s.
Knysh, L. I. Vliyanie geometrii kontsentratora na energeticheskie pokazateli sistemy priema kosmicheskoy solnechnoy energeticheskoy ustanovki / L. I. Knysh // Kosmicheskaya nauka i tekhnologiya. – 2011. – T. 17. – ¹
– S. 19–23. 5.Raschet otrazhayushchey poverkhnosti, fokusiruyushchey izluchenie v proizvol'nuyu krivuyu v prostranstve / K. V. Borisova [i dr.] // Komp'yuternaya optika. – 2014. – ¹ 3. – S. 449–455.
Litunov, S. N. Konstruirovanie krivolineynogo otrazhatelya / S. N. Litunov, N. V. Revzina, V. Yu. Yurkov // Omskiy nauchnyy vestnik. Ser. Pribory, mashiny i tekhnologii. – 2015. – ¹ 1 (137). – S. 5–8.
Pottm

Abstract: The article presents new methods of experimental study of the influence of color on the perception of a movie frame by the viewer and software algorithms for processing the obtained statistical data. The object of scientific research is filmed and edited film material, including individual graphic images of video frames. The subject of the research is graphic models of color solutions, digital color correction methods, digital cinema and video processing algorithms. The specificity of the computational experiment put into practice is that it is conducted online using the Internet resources.The described method is the development of existing methods for the experimental study of human oculomotor activity using I-tracking technology. The proposed methods and algorithms for experimental studies of the influence of color solutions on their perception allow us to objectively measure statistical data and analyze the work of human visual activity according to various criteria. The development of an Internet application has allowed many more subjects to be involved in a computational experiment and to increase the reliability of statistical results.

Keywords: Computing Experiment, Human Visual Perception, Visualization, Digital Color Correction, Graphic Model, Color Scheme, Film Frame, Cinema, Internet Resources, Statistical Data Processing

References:
Borevich E. V., Meshcheryakov S. V., Yanchus V. E. Effektivnye metody i modeli tsifrovoy obrabotki kinomateriala // Grafikon-2017: tr. 27-y mezhdunar. konf. po komp'yuternoy grafike i mashinnomu zreniyu. – Perm': Permskiy gosudarstvennyy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy universitet, 2017. – S. 51-54.
Yanchus V. E. Komp'yuternaya obrabotka videomateriala v kinematograficheskoy promyshlennosti // Nauchno-tekhnicheskie vedomosti SPbGPU. – 2016. – ¹ 2. – S. 7-13.
Yanchus V. E., Kozina M. A. Tvorcheskie aspekty garmonizatsii kadra v tekhnologicheskom protsesse proizvodstva fil'ma // Dizayn. Materialy. Tekhnologiya. – 2016. – ¹ 2. – S. 20-25.
Borevich E. V., Mescheryakov S. V., Yanchus V. E. Experimental Research of Digital Color Correction Models and Their Impact on Visual Fixation of Video Frames // Humanities and Science University Journal. – 2017. – V. 27. – pp. 15-24.
Tarkovskiy A. A. Beseda o tsvete // Kinovedcheskie zapiski. – 1998. – ¹1. – S. 147-160.
Borevich E. V., Yanchus V. E. Issledovanie znacheniya tsvetovogo resheniya v protsesse gar

Abstract: The paper proposes the solution of a number of problems related to the optimization of recognition of information signs by the correlation-extremal contour method based on the evaluation of similarity invariant with respect to affine transformations.A description is given of a speed-efficient algorithm for obtaining regions of a certain color and its parallelization. It is shown that solving this problem allows reducing both the number of objects presented for recognition and the number of standards used, as well as obtaining a better contour description of objects and, therefore, significantly increasing the speed of the recognition algorithm itself. The solution of the problem of optimization of calculations in the recognition algorithm itself is given. It is shown that one of the ways to solve this problem for a particular chosen recognition algorithm is to parallelize the computation of the similarity estimate by the affine transformation parameters. Another presented way of solving the problem of optimization of computations was focused on obtaining estimates of the similarity of the current standard with objects from the local area of the image, which is determined on the basis of the parameters of affine transformation and dimensions of the standard. It is noted that the created algorithmic software allows to solve problems of recognition of information objects in real time.

Keywords: affine transformation, optimization, color segmentation, parallel algorithm, pattern recognition, image processing, computer graphics, standart image, adaptive description, correlation-extreme contour method

References:
Lebedev L.I., Vasin Yu.G., Osipov M.P. Avtonomnaya navigatsiya v zakrytykh pomeshcheniyakh s ispol'zovaniem adaptivnogo opisaniya etalonnykh izobrazheniy // Trudy 27-oy Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii po komp'yuternoy grafike i zreniyu GraphiCon 2017. - Perm': PGNIU,2017. - S. 212-216.
Lebedev L.I. Korrelyatsionno – ekstremal'nye konturnye metody raspoznavaniya. Teoreticheskie osnovy: uchebnoe posobie. - Nizhniy Novgorod: Izd-vo Nizhegorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2013. - 113 s.
Fayn V.S. Opoznavanie izobrazheniy.- M.: Nauka, 1970. - 299 s.
Linev A.V., Bogomolov D.K., Bastrakov S.I. Tekhnologiya parallel'nogo programmirovaniya dlya protsessorov novykh arkhitektur : uchebnoe posobie.–M.: Izd-vo Mosk. un-ta, 2010. - 160 s.
Osipov M. P., Andreev V. S. Method monitoring of movement in the task of indoor navigation // Proceedings of the International Conference Information Technology and Nanotechnology. Session Data Science. - Samara, Russia, 2018. - Vol. 2212. - P. 222-227.
Mautz R. Indoor Positioning Technologies. - Zuric

Abstract: The object of the study is a numerical simulation of the process of incremental forming of sheet metal in the manufacture of thin-walled parts on equipment with numerical program control. Particular attention is paid to the problem of constructing the surface of deformation of a sheet blank, under the influence of a working tool.The subject of the study is the solution of the problem of constructing a smooth three-parameter body with a layered structure using Bézier boundary surfaces from given interpolation nodes. The body is built on a frame, consisting of a set of curvilinear octagonal portions, in which the opposite boundaries have different parametric lengths.The method of investigation is a method for constructing a three-parameter body with a layered structure using Bezier boundary surfaces using the technology of parametric solid modeling. The novelty of the study is to develop a method for constructing a smooth three-parameter body of a layered structure on an arbitrary frame in the form of Bézier.Main conclusions. The use of the cubic Bézier function with parameterization along the length of the arc for describing the body of a multilayer structure provides additional advantages in controlling the shape and internal space of the body than the construction constructed using the generalized Hermite interpolation.Parametric three-dimensional bodies of this type can be effectively used in finite elements with irregular boundaries to avoid difficulties in constructing a model for such structures.

Keywords: lamellar deformation, Bézier surface, Bézier curve, interpolation, lamellar body, body portion, three-parameter body, solid modeling, incremental forming, multilayer structure

References:
Micari F., Ambrogio G., Filice L. Shape and dimensional accuracy in single point incremental Forming: state of the art and future trends // Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2007. V. 191(1-3). P. 390-395.
Guangcheng Z., Jinbo X., Xiaofan S., Xun Z., Chuankai L. Forming process of automotive body panel based on incremental forming // Metallurgical and Mining Industry. 2015. V. 1. I. 12. P. 350-357.
Kim T.J., Yang D.Y. Improvement of formability for the incremental sheet metal forming process // International Journal of Mechanical Sciences.2000.V. 42. I. 7. P.1271-1286.
Lanouar B.A., CamilleR., Arnaud D., Mohammed N. Simplified numerical approach for incremental sheet metal forming process // Engineering Structures. 2014. V. 62-63. P. 75-86.
Ayusheev T.V. Metod postroeniya sploshnykh tel s primeneniem obobshchennoy interpolyatsii Ermita // Informatsionnye tekhnologii. 2005. ¹
S. 27-32. 6.Foks A., Pratt M. Vychislitel'naya geometriya, primenenie v proektirovanii i na proizvodstve. – M.: Mir, 1982.

Abstract: The object of the study are open digital terrain models located on the Internet. The subject of the study is the procedure for eliminating the errors of digital terrain models aimed at increasing the reliability of calculations of the morphometric characteristics of basins of water bodies. This article is devoted to the improvement of methods for processing and modifying geoinformation features by processing digital high-altitude relief models. The approaches outlined in this paper are aimed at increasing the reliability of calculating the main morphometric characteristics of the relief by eliminating errors in the original data. Usually for morphometric analysis, cartographic works are used, according to which the defined relief forms contain subjective errors. The values of these errors can then affect the results of the analysis, since the quantitative characteristics depend on where and how the boundary of the form passes. Given the presence in the initial open data of a number of high-altitude distortions that indicate their inapplicability to use for qualitative morphometric analysis at the level of private watersheds, the paper considers ways to adjust their geometric characteristics by eliminating the influence of tree vegetation and preserving the relief's relief using the Lagrange coefficients. A comparison of the results of a particular morphometric analysis obtained using corrected relief models with results obtained from other data is given. To increase the reliability and automate the processing of the digital model of the river basin relief, which is a regular network, it is necessary to carry out analysis in private watersheds with an area from 0.6 to 0.8% of the total area of the basin.

Keywords: geoinformation system, normalized difference vegetation index, forest vegetation, digital elevation model, Lagrange interpolation polynomial, normal Gaussian distribution, geometric modeling, remote sensing data, morphometric analysis, open source

References:
Berlyant A. M. i Koshkarev A. V. Geoinformatika. Tolkovyy slovar' osnovnykh terminov-Moskva : GIS-Assotsiatsiya, 1999. – 204 s.
Chang K T Introduction to Geographical Information Systems-New York : McGraw Hill, 2008.-8th Edition : 184 p.-ISBN 978-0-07-780540-1.
Chernikhovskiy D. M. Otsenka svyazey morfometricheskikh kharakteristik rel'efa s kolichestvennymi i kachestvennymi kharakteristikami lesov na osnove tsifrovykh modeley rel'efa Aster i SRTM // Sibirskiy lesnoy zhurnal.-Novosibirsk : Izdatel'stvo Sibirskogo otdeleniya RAN, 2017 g..-T. 3.-S. 28-39.-ISSN: 2311-1410 / eISSN: 2312-2099.
Summerfield M A Global Geomorphology-[s.l.] : Pearson Education Ltd, 1991.-Routledge; 1 edition (2 April 1991) : 537 p.-ISBN 978-0-582-30156-6.
Vakhtin B. M. K voprosu ob opredelenii matematicheskikh kharakteristik rel'efa mestnomsti // Geodezist.-1930 g.-2-3.
Sirotkin M. P. Matematicheskaya kharakteristika slozhnosti rel'efa zemnoy poverkhnosti // Geodezist.-Moskva : [b.n.], 1937. ¹6. S. 115-118.
Chentsov V. N. Morfometricheskie pokazate

Abstract: The presented article deals with the application of affine transformations in solving problems with second-order curves, namely, stretching and contraction with respect to a straight line, that is, transforming a circle into an ellipse and vice versa.Ellipse finds the widest application in various fields due to the grace of form and its properties: in art, design, architecture, physics and technology, astronomy, its properties are described in fiction. The construction of an ellipse can be done very accurately with the help of improvised tools (pegs, threads, kinks of the circle, using a strip of paper), special adaptations and modern computer systems of mathematical modeling and CAD. The methods of constructing an ellipse are based on its properties, which also determines its shape.Using the laws of affine transformation will help to strengthen the skills of applying the properties of an ellipse and solving problems in determining its basic parameters. Method of work. The article presents methods of transformations aimed at determining the large and small axes of an ellipse, constructing tangents to an ellipse, and determining the points of intersection of a straight line with an ellipse.As a result of the work, algorithms for solving problems have been obtained that allow the authors to determine the intersection point of a straight line with surfaces of the second order (paraboloid, hyperboloid of one sheet) and a truncated cone using the method of a related transformation. The authors also determine the axes of the ellipse, the points of tangency and the intersection of the line with the ellipse. Scientific novelty. A method is proposed that makes it possible to simplify the solution of design problems on the intersection of a second-order surface with a straight line and a second-order surface, which will contribute to an increase in the accuracy and adequacy of their construction.The properties and essence of the affine transformation of an ellipse into a circle are shown and vice versa. The algorithms for solving various geometric problems based on the application of related transformations are demonstrated. The materials of the work are of practical importance, since they significantly broaden the concept of how to solve various problems with second-order curves.

Keywords: perpendicular straight lines, related points, conjugated diameters, axis of kinship, ellipse, affine transformation, circle, tangent, curves, intersection

References:
Voloshinov D. V., Solomonov K. N. Konstruktivnoe geometricheskoe modelirovanie kak perspektiva prepodavaniya graficheski distsiplin // Geometriya i grafika, 2013, T. 1, ¹ 2 (2), S. 10–13.
Boykov A. A. Komp'yuternye sredstva podderzhki uchebnykh kursov graficheskikh distsiplin // Geometriya i grafika, 2013, T. 1, ¹ 2 (2), S. 29–30.
Artsikhovskaya–Kuznetsova L. V. O golovolomnosti v nachertatel'noy geometrii // Geometriya i grafika, 2014, T. 2, ¹ 3, S. 31–35.
Girsh A. G. Mnimosti v geometrii // Geometriya i grafika, 2014, T. 2, ¹ 2, S. 3–8.
Dorokhov, A. S. Komp'yuternoe proektirovanie v sisteme AutoCAD / A. S. Dorokhov. i dr. — M. : Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet — MSKhA im. K.A. Timiryazeva (Moskva), 2016, 80 c.
Dorokhov, A. S. Vypolnenie chertezhey s ispol'zovaniem sistemy «Kompas–3D» / A. S. Dorokhov. i dr. — M. : Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet — MSKhA im. K.A. Timiryazeva (Moskva), 2016, 76 c.
Ivanov G. S. Nachertatel'naya geometriya [Tekst]: ucheb. dlya vuzov, M.: Mashinostroenie, 1995, 224 s.

Abstract: The goal of the presented study is to increase the effectiveness of recreating realistic shadows of dynamic 3D movie characters at the stage of digital post-processing of film and video material due to mathematically justified temporary replacement of high-poly three-dimensional surface modeling by low-polygonal without compromising the quality of the final product in the cinematographic industry. The object of this scientific research is the filmed and mounted film and video material and individual graphic images of film frames. The subject of the article are models, methods and algorithms for digital processing of video material. The methods of three-dimensional surface modeling by various polygons, program algorithms for geometric calculations of invisible lines and projections of 3D objects onto a three-dimensional surface are studied. New effective methods and software algorithms for reducing the dimensionality of the polygonal 3D model have been developed, which are justified mathematically and have made it possible to significantly reduce the amount of computer calculations of dynamic shadows without degrading the quality of the video material. An example of the practical implementation of new models and methods for recreating shadows in cinematography is given.

Keywords: Low-polygonal Modeling, 3D Model, Dynamic 3D Object, Shadows Recreation, Digital Video Post-processing, Cinematography, Video Frame, Geometric Computation, Efficiency Improvement, Mathematical Justification

References:
Mescheryakov S. V., Shchemelinin D. A., Yanchus V. E. Effective Technique to Reduce Big Data Computations in 3D Modeling of Dynamic Objects. Humanities and Science University Journal, 2016, V. 17. URL: http://uni-journal.ru/technics/archive/
Ivanovskiy S. A., Preobrazhenskiy A. S., Simonchik S. K. Algoritmy vychislitel'noy geometrii. Vypuklye obolochki: svyaz' s zadachey sortirovki i optimal'nye algoritmy // Komp'yuternye instrumenty v obrazovanii. — 2007. — ¹ 2. URL: http://ipo.spb.ru/journal/content/826/Algoritmy vychislitel'noy geometrii. Vypuklye obolochki: svyaz' s zadachey sortirovki i optimal'nye algoritmy..pdf
Meshcheryakov S. V., Ivanov V. M. Realizatsiya modeli dannykh dlya opisaniya ierarkhicheskikh ob'ektov s proizvol'nymi atributami // Nauchno-tekhnicheskie vedomosti Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Informatika. Telekommunikatsii. Upravlenie. — 2009. — T. 1. — ¹ 72. URL: http://ntv.spbstu.ru/telecom/article/T1.72.2009_24/
Meshcheryakov S. V., Ivanov V. M. Modelirovanie ierarkhicheskikh

Abstract: The study is devoted tp algorithms of segmentation of satellite images for various systems of technical vision. For the segmentation of images authors use sections on graphs. Preliminary segmentation is performed based on the minimal spanning tree to improve performance. When describing the properties of super pixels, information about the height and color of the regions is taken into account. The height of the areas is calculated based on the stereo images. The color of segments is calculated on the basis of color invariants. All super pixels in accordance with their characteristics belong to the areas of buildings, grass cover, trees and shrubs, shaded areas, etc. The image is an undirected weighted graph, the nodes of which are segments of the image. The weights of the vertices of a graph are numbers that determine the membership of a certain class. To divide regions into clusters, the method of cuts on graphs is used. The novelty of the study is the algorithm for segmenting satellite imagery based on super pixels and graphs. The segmentation time on the basis of the developed algorithm decreases several times in comparison with the method of cuts on graphs. The developed algorithm is used to allocate buildings to images. Comparison of the developed algorithm with existing approaches of building allocation is shown, its advantages are shown. Examples of the operation of the algorithm are given by the authors of the article and the results of the research are described.

Keywords: pattern recognition, computer vision, image processing, satellite imagery, graph cuts, spectral graph theory, superpixels, image segmentation, scene analysis, color invariants

References:
Szeliski R. Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications. – Springer, 2010. – 957 p.
Zakharov A. A., Tuzhilkin A. Yu. Sintez trekhmernykh stsen po videoizobrazheniyam s ispol'zovaniem apriornoy informatsii// Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Povolzh'ya, 2013. – ¹ 5. – S. 163-165.
Zakharov A. A. Avtomaticheskiy sintez protyazhennykh trekhmernykh stsen s ispol'zovaniem sistemy komp'yuternogo zreniya// Izvestiya VUZOV. Priborostroenie, 2012. – T.55, ¹ 2. – S. 24-27.
Felzenszwalb P. F., Huttenlocher D. P. Efficient graph based image segmentation // International Journal of Computer Vision, 2004. – ¹ 59(2). – P. 167-181.
Wu Z., Leahy R. Tissue classification in MR images using hierarchical segmentation // In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf: Medical Imaging, 1990. – ¹ 12(1). – P. 81-85.
Shi J., Malik J. Normalized Cuts and Image Segmentation // IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2000. – ¹ 22(8). – P. 888-905.
Boykov Y., Funka-Lea G. Graph Cuts and Efficient N-D Image Segmentation // International Journ

Abstract: The subject of the present research is the theoretical research of Hilbert curve properties that allow to arrange an efficient access to image pixels during slider filter image processing by using Hilbert curve as a image point traversal order. The effect is achieved by means of reducing the number of repeated memory operations during adjacent image pixels and equally distributing restored pixels at horizontal and vertical steps between image pixels. The research method is the theoretical analysis. The validity of theoretical results is proved by previous experimental researches the authors of the present article refer to. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors give a theoretical substantiation of previous experimental researches. The authors give their evaluation of a number of memory operations that can be avoided during image point traverse along Hilbert curve depending on the size of a sliding filter. The authors also carry out a comparison with other continuous traversal orders (such as horizontal steps between pixels from the point of view of counting distribution of readings during filtration. 

Keywords: graphical computing, continuous traversal order, memory access pattern, memory bandwidth, high performance, theoretical analysis, sliding image filter, image processing, Hilbet curve, image memory layout

References:
Gulyakovich G. N., Severtsev V.N., Shurchkov I.O. Perspektivy i problemy poluprovodnikovoy nanoelektroniki // Inzhenernyy vestnik dona. 2012. ¹2.
Voevodin V.V., Voevodin Vl. V. Spasitel'naya lokal'nost' superkomp'yuterov // Otkrytye sistemy.-2013.-¹9..
Voevodin V. V., Voevodin Vl. V. Parallel'nye vychisleniya.-SPb.: BKhV-Peterburg, 2002.-608 s.
Ponomareva E.I. Sovershenstvovanie protsessa obrabotki dannykh pri pomoshchi oblachnykh vychisleniy // Inzhenernyy vestnik dona. 2012. ¹1.
I. A. Nikolaev, A. I. Sukhinov, O. D. Kharina. O rasparallelivanii treugol'nykh iteratsionnykh metodov na spetsializirovannoy mnogoprotsessornoy sisteme// Avtomatika i telemekhanika, 1986, vypusk 5, s.135–142.
Gervich L.R., Shteynberg B.Ya. Programmirovanie ekzaflopnykh sistem // Otkrytye sistemy.-2013.-¹8.
Peano G. Sur une Courbe qui Remplit Toute une Aire Plane // Math. Ann.-1891.-¹36.-S. 157-160.
Hilbert D. Uber die stetige Abbildung einer Linie auf Flachenstuck // Math. Ann..-1891.-¹38.-S. 459-460.
Jagadish H. V. Linear Clustering of Obj

Abstract: The subject of the research is the morphometric properties of Al2O3 (aluminum oxide) micro-disperse system. The authors pay special attention to the fractional composition and particle sphericity factor for defined particle groups constituting the disperse system. The authors state that image analysis allows to use the sphericity factor for evaluating elements of the particle surface combined with the interpretation of a real geometrical shape of individual particles. This allows to better define the dispersion factor as an important property of a disperse system because this parameter may be a measure of substance activity in a disperse system. Digital images for analysis ere obtained using a scanning electronic microscope with a high resolution S3400N HITACHI (made in Japan). Images were analyzed using a universal software ImageJ-FiJi. The object of the research was the powder Al2O3 of Sigms-Aldrich brand (article 265497, α-phase, particle average size is 10 micron). The powder was made at mills with spherical grinding bodies. The main conclusion of the research is that image analysis is a powerful tool that can be used to define physical properties of disperse systems. For the first time in the academic literature the authors focus on analyzing angles created by particle brim peaks. By calculating the dispersion factor, the authors have demonstrated that data obtained during particle image analysis allows to increase efficiency in defining the real factor of particle dispersity with the average validity of 5%. 

Keywords: Aluminium oxide, disperse systems, surface texture, granulometry, sphericity factor, morphology, image analysis, dispersion factor, microscopy, metrology

References:
Vakalova T.V., Khabas T.A., Erdman S.V., Vereshchagin V.I. Praktikum po osnovam tekhnologii tugoplavkikh nemetallicheskikh i silikatnykh materia-lov. – Tomsk: Izd. TPU, 1999. 160 s.
GOST 9206-80 POROShKI ALMAZNYE. TEKhNIChESKIE USLOVIYa
Gavrilova N. N. Mikroskopicheskie metody opredeleniya razmerov chastits dis-persnykh materialov: ucheb. posobie / N. N. Gavrilova, V. V. Nazarov, O. V. Yarovaya. – M.: RKhTU im. D. I. Mendeleeva, 2012. – 52 s.
Belenko O.A. Vliyanie razmerov i formy chastits na svoystva atmosfernykh aerozoley [Tekst] / O.A. Belenko // Geo-Sibir'-2006. T.3. Monitoring okruzhayushchey sredy, geoekologiya, distantsionnye metody zondirovaniya Zemli i fotogrammetriya. Ch. 1: sb. materialov mezhdunar. nauch. kongr. «Geo-Sibir'-2006».-Novosibirsk: SGGA, 2006.-S. 163-167.
Ignatova A.M., Vereshchagin V.I. PRIMENENIE METODA ANALIZA IZOBRAZhENIY V ISSLEDOVANII I STATISTIChESKOY OTsENKE PARAMETROV ChASTITs TVERDOY SOSTAVLYaYuShchEY SVAROChNYKh AEROZOLEY SILIKATNOGO I OKSIDNOGO SOSTAVA Vestnik Permskogo natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo politekhnich

Abstract: Improvement of the quality of mechanical parts and products is one of the high-priority tasks. This task is achieved by increasing accuracy, automation of control and implementation of a single concept of part accuracy assurance at all stages of life cycle. The tool to solve this task is a universal algorithm created by the authors to construct and visualise a geometrical model of a real part. The scientific novelty of the resaerch is caused by the fact that the authors take into account information capacity of elements, coordinate planes and axes and materialized sets of parts bases. The practical important of the algorithm is proved by the results of using it as a method of regulating dimensional and geometrical accuracy of a mechanical part. In the process of building a geometrical model, the authors have used the modular principle where a possible number of freedom degrees deprived by each element of the module is known beforehand. Geometrical model's properties, notes and recommendations are input in the form of a matrix into the data base. The geometrical model starts with the image of a generalized coordinate frame OXYZ on a one-three view contour drawing of a mechanical part. The number and image of coordinates and initial calibration accuracy of each main base are determined by the number and image of movements that haven't been spent by the base for creating a generalized coordinate system. Angular coordinate sizes and graduation errors are calculated starting from coordinate axes with the 4 and 2 information capacity and marked on projections perpendicular to turning point axes. Linear coodinate sizes and their graduation errors are calculated along relevant coordinate axes together with the reference coordinate values including zero values. The surface of elements which bases materialize coordinate systems and executive surfaces have an inclined form that is visualized on the model as the main wavy lines tangent to the elements. The main feature of this approach which also reflects the novelty thereof is that it allows to objectively evaluate all necessay geometrical characteristics of a mechanical part based on the principle of unity of bases. The algorithm offered by the authors may form the basis for developing the automated quality management system in the processes of mechanical part design and production. 

Keywords: accuracy, geometrical properties, coordinate plane, coordinate axes, automation, control, visualisation, set of bases, algorithm, geometrical model

References:
ISO 17450-1:2011. Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – General concepts – Part 1: Model for geometrical specification and verification.
Glukhov, V.I. Geometricheskie kharakteristiki izdeliy. Kompleksnye normy vzaimozamenyaemosti : monografiya / V. I. Glukhov ; Minobrnauki Rossii, OmGTU. Omsk : Izd-vo OmGTU. - 2015.- 160 s.
Glukhov, V.I., Zlatkina,O.Y., Ivleva, I.A.Geometrical product specifications: A structure of linear dimensions tolerances. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 124(2016) 012011DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/124/1/012011 DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference Paper S04RCE. – 8p.
Glukhov, V.I. Geometrical Product Specifications: Alternative standardization principles, coordinate systems, models, classification and verification // Dynamics of systems, mechanisms and machines, Dynamics. 2014. – Proceedings, art. no. 7006855, DOI: 10.1109 / Dynamics.2014.7006855 DOCUMENT TYRE: Conference Paper SOURCE. – 9p.
Nielsen, H.S. The ISO Geometrical Product Specifications Handbook. Find your way in

Abstract: The immediate object of studies is the module for automatic detection for the manipulator mechanism collisions with the prohibited zones, which is used in intellectual robot guidance. The object of studies involves geometrical analysis characterizing the position of the manipulator mechanism and the known prohibited zones.  The authors provide detailed analysis of analytical value of the allowed configurations sphere within the space of generalized coordinates with two prohibited zones present in the working space of a manipulator. The generalized coordinates space is provided for by the axes of the rectangular coordinates system based upon the directions of angles  providing for the movements in the turning pairs.  It is offered to use the sufficient condition for the collisions based upon the usage within the space of allowed configurations. All of the allowed configurations within the generalized coordinates space are reflected by a geometrical object.  The said geometrical object is provided for via analytical means with the use of several kinematic surfaces limiting it. The main result of the study is shorter calculation period for test assignments regarding virtual modeling for the manipulator movement of a "Komodo dragon" mobile robot with the use of the detection algorithm for collisions between the mechanism and the environment. The special input of the authors into the issue involves the development of the knowledge database assignment, which is used for intellectual guidance for manipulator motion in the familiar environment.  The novelty of the study is due to the development of the more productive method of information analysis on the position of manipulator mechanism and prohibited zones based upon the analytical dependencies, which are used to establish the allowed configuration space. The use of this space  for the trajectory synthesis within the generalized coordinates space allows one to correct the manipulator motion in order to predict and to exclude the dead-end situations when synthesizing the velocity vector movement.

Keywords: kinematic couples, intelligent robots, restricted areas, knowledge base, the virtual model operation of movements, kinematic surfaces, geometrical analysis, robot traffic control, area of allowed configurations, space of generalized coordinates

References:
Korendyasev A. I. Manipulyatsionnye sistemy robotov / A. I. Korendyasev, B. L. Salamandra, L. I. Tyves. – M. : Mashinostroenie, 1989. 472 s.
Zenkevich S.L. Upravlenie robotami. Osnovy upravleniya manipulyatsionnymi robototekhnicheskimi sistemami / S. L. Zenkevich, A. S. Yushchenko. – M: MVTU, 2000. 400 s.
Pritykin F. N. Virtual'noe modelirovanie dvizheniy robotov, imeyushchikh razlichnuyu strukturu kinematicheskikh tsepey: monografiya / F. N. Pritykin. – Omsk: Izd-vo OmGTU, 2014. 172 s.
Kobrinskiy A. A. Postroenie dvizheniy manipulyatsionnoy sistemy v srede s prepyatstviyami // A. A. Kobrinskiy, A. E. Kobrinskiy. Doklady AN SSSR. – 1975. T. 224. ¹ 6. C. 1279-1282.
Generozov V.L. Algoritm planirovaniya traektoriy manipulyatora pri nalichii prepyatstviy // Izv. AN SSSR, Tekhnicheskaya kibernetika. 1984. ¹ 1. S. 137-147.
Ignat'ev M.B. i dr. Algoritmy upravleniya robotami-manipulyatorami. – L.: Mashinostroenie, 1977. 248 s.
Galechan V. K. K postroeniyu algoritma roboty manipulyatora v srede s prepyatstviyami / V. K. Galechan, B. L. Salamandr

Abstract: The objects of the study are articulated lever mechanisms based on the use of third-order third-class structural groups by the Assur-Artobolevsky classification. These mechanisms are studied and designed as actuators of high-performance machines. Of the many lever mechanisms of the third class, the so-called limit-forming mechanisms are singled out to become the object of studies,  making it possible to obtain approximate outgrade of the output link, and, consequently, of the working tool by using the limit positions of the lever diads. The third class articulated lever mechanisms of the third class are being analyze, due to their kinematic features these mechanisms allow to provide approximate out-riggers of the output link in both its extreme positions in accordance with the preassigned operating schedule of the machine.The method of the study of hinged mechanisms with approximate stops of the out-put link in the two extreme positions according to the given cyclogram is the method of constructive geometric modeling as the basis for the development of an analytical geomet-ric model of the mechanisms under consideration. Based upon the constructive geometric modeling  the authors propose the method for designing six-link mechanisms of the third class with two approximate stops of the output link in the extreme positions according to the preassigned cyclogram. Possible branching of the kinematic scheme of this mechanism is revealed. An analytical geometric model for the synthesis of six-link hinged mechanisms of the third class as executive devices for high-performance machines for printing, food, textile and a number of other industries has been created by the authors.

Keywords: dwells, free parameters, Chebyshev approximation, working body, geometric construction, branching, cyclogram, kinematic scheme, hinged mechanism, Geometric modeling

References:
Khomchenko, V. G. Proektirovanie ploskikh rychazhnykh mekhanizmov tsiklovykh mashin-avtomatov i manipulyatorov. – Omsk: Izd-vo OmGTU.  1995. – 152 s.
Nadezhdin, I. V. Proektirovanie rychazhnykh mekhanizmov tsiklovykh mashin-avtomatov. – M.: Mashinostroenie. – 2010. – 232 s.
Khomchenko, V. G. Analiticheskiy sintez shestizvennogo mekhanizma tret'ego klassa s dvumya ostanovkami vykhodnogo zvena po zadannoy tsiklogramme // Teoriya mekhanizmov i mashin. – Khar'kov.  1986. Vyp. 41. S. 48-52.
Hain K. Sechsgliedriges Koppelgetriebenutzt Totlagenauszum Erzeugen von Endrasten // Maschinenmarkt. – 1981, 87. N 96. S. 2094-2097.
Khomchenko, V. G. Graficheskiy i analiticheskiy metody sinteza shestizvennogo sharnirnogo mekhanizma tret'ego klassa s priblizhennym vystoem vykhodnogo zvena v kraynem polozhenii po zadannoy tsiklogramme / Omsk.politekhn. in-t. – Omsk, 1991. 7 s. Dep v VINITI 11.06.91, ¹ 2460-V91.
Sintez rychazhnykh mekhanizmov tret'ego klassa s reguliruemym vystoem iz usloviya minimizatsii otkloneniya

Abstract: The article reviews algorithmic support of multispectral video systems in the part of automatic selection of the most informative channels, which are video sensors of different spectral ranges, forming images of different informativeness depending on weather conditions. Such systems can be used to increase the awareness of aircraft pilots or operators of unmanned aerial vehicles in difficult weather conditions. The usage of these algorithms is considered using the example of airborne systems of improved (enhanced) vision where it is necessary to give the pilot a single combined image of the external situation, due to the limited space of the information-control field of the cockpit and the increased requirements for decision-making. The development and research was carried out using the base of video sequences obtained in the course of real flight experiments of the prototype of a three-channel video system as well as expert judgment on the consistency of the results of the work of algorithms with visual perception. The study is the further development of image analysis algorithms in terms of their informativeness. The article proposes a new adaptive algorithm for automatic selection of individual video channels for their subsequent integration based on the information-free metric of informativity. The proposed automatic calculation of the priority of video channels for informativeness showed its consistency with the subjective perception of useful information by the human operator.

Keywords: multispectral system, computer vision system, human-machine interface, image fusion, combined images, visual perception, image information value, evaluation of the information value, image analysis, enhanced vision system

References:
Bondarenko A. V., Dokuchaev I. V., Yadchuk K. A., Bondarenko M. A., Drynkin V. N. Prostranstvenno-vremennaya fil'tratsiya dvizhushchikhsya izobrazheniy [Tekst] // Tekhnicheskoe zrenie. – 2014. – Vyp. 1(5). – S. 32–38. URL: http://magazine.technicalvision.ru/spatio-temporal-filtering-of-moving-images/ (data obrashcheniya: 08.02.2017)
Izmerenie informatsii. Entropiya [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://spargalki.ru/priborostroenie/35-obrabotka-signalov.html?start=9 (data obrashcheniya: 08.02.2017)
Bondarenko M. A., Drynkin V. N. Otsenka informativnosti kombinirovannykh izobrazheniy v mul'tispektral'nykh sistemakh tekhnicheskogo zreniya [Tekst] // Programmnye sistemy i vychislitel'nye metody. – 2016. – ¹1. – S.64–79. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6061.2016.1.18047