Review: The article presents the analysis of fighting on the Caucasus Front during World War I. The author analyzes the most significant operations held by the Caucasian Army under the command of Yudenich, the conditions and factors which determined their success. The article defines the reasons of the Caucasian front disintegration and Russia’s withdrawal from the war. The European theatre is considered to be the main theatre of the First World War due to the bitterest strife, but it was far from being the only one. The methodology of the research is based on the system, structural-functional, comparative-historical, comparative-political, geopolitical and cultural-civilizational approaches, and the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The First World War fighting had gone far beyond the borders of the European continent and defined other theatres of war. One of those theatres was the Middle East theatre and the Russian Caucasus Front where it fought against the Ottoman Empire.

Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, the World War I, Caucasus Front, the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Entente, conflict, Yudenich, the straits.

References:
Bocharnikov I.V. Voenno-politicheskie interesy Rossii v Zakavkaz'e: istoricheskiy opyt i sovremennaya praktika realizatsii. Diss. … kand.polit. nauk. M: VU, 1996.
Kersnovskiy A.A. «Istoriya russkoy armii», M., 1994, t. 4, s. 158.
Korsun N. G. Pervaya mirovaya voyna na Kavkazskom fronte, M., 1946.
Novikov N.V. Operatsii flota protiv berega na Chernom more v 1914 ‒ 1917, 2 izd., M., 1937.
Os'kin M.V. Istoriya Pervoy mirovoy voyny. M.: «Veche», 2014. S. 157 ‒ 163.
Boltaevskiy A.A. Salonikskiy front Pervoy mirovoy voyny // NB: Istoricheskie issledovaniya. - 2013. - 2. - C. 143 - 162. DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2013.2.700. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/hr/article_700.html
Manoylo A.V. Upravlenie psikhologicheskoy
voynoy // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 3. - C. 377 - 389. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2013.3.6221.

References (transliteration):
Bocharnikov I.V. Voenno-politicheskie interesy Rossii v Zakavkaz'e: istoricheskiy opyt i sovremennaya praktika realizatsii. Diss. … kand.polit. nauk. M: VU, 1996.
Kersnovskiy A.A. «Istoriya russkoy armii», M., 1994, t. 4, s. 158.
Korsun N. G. Pervaya mirovaya voyna na Kavkazskom fronte, M., 1946.
Novikov N.V. Operatsii flota protiv berega na Chernom more v 1914 ‒ 1917, 2 izd., M., 1937.
Os'kin M.V. Istoriya Pervoy mirovoy voyny. M.: «Veche», 2014. S. 157 ‒ 163.
Boltaevskiy A.A. Salonikskiy front Pervoy mirovoy voyny // NB: Istoricheskie issledovaniya. - 2013. - 2. - C. 143 - 162. DOI: 10.7256/2306-420X.2013.2.700. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/hr/article_700.html
Manoylo A.V. Upravlenie psikhologicheskoy
voynoy // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 3. - C. 377 - 389. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560X.2013.3.6221.

Review: In this article, the authors talk about the interpretation of the concept of “patriotism” as a special method for conceptualizing the reality by the representatives of the Russian expatriate and emigrate community. The article considers and analyzes the contents of the activities performed by emigrants abroad during the post-revolutionary period and World War I. In 2012, it was the 90th anniversary of the event which played a huge negative role in the life of Russia, which was the expulsion from the country after the Great October Socialist Revolution, resounding defeat of intervention and internal counter-revolution, of outstanding people of their time: educators, philosophers, scientists, doctors, artists, poets, writers, highly professional specialists and public figures, humanitarians, thinkers. They were sent to exile only because they were fighting for the principle of spiritual freedom in their life and creative work and were deemed hopeless by the Soviet authorities in terms of converting them to the communist faith. It was expulsion performed by the new power for ideological, rather than political, reasons.

Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, Russia, Russian emigration, cultural mission of emigration, patriotism, “Philosophers’ ships”, Russian patriot, true patriot.

References:
Bukharin S.N., Rakityanskiy N.M. Rossiya i Pol'sha: opyt politiko-psikhologicheskogo issledovaniya fenomena limitrofizatsii. Posobie dlya pravyashchikh elit limitrofnykh gosudarstv. M. 2011.

References (transliteration):
Bukharin S.N., Rakityanskiy N.M. Rossiya i Pol'sha: opyt politiko-psikhologicheskogo issledovaniya fenomena limitrofizatsii. Posobie dlya pravyashchikh elit limitrofnykh gosudarstv. M. 2011.

Review: The main foreign-policy objective of Hitler’s Germany – to conquer “life space” – was connected, first of all, with conquering the USSR which was supposed to become the “German India”. To substantiate its claims to the Soviet territory, the Nazi ideologists developed their “race theory” and propagated the myths about the “demographic threat” posed by the peoples of the Soviet Union and some military and political “Russian Bolshevik” and “Asian threat”. The development of the plan for determining the fate of the USSR peoples resulted in the program of their “germanization”, deportation and destruction, which was not implemented because of the victory of the Red Army in the Great Patriotic War. This article is built on the research of numerous sources, including archive materials, and studying existing Russian and foreign historiography. During the Soviet era, the ideology of the German national socialism was considered, primarily, from the point of view of its “class bias”, i.e. economic objectives. It was considered that Hitler aimed at gaining world supremacy in the interest of the German bourgeoisie. Any matters related to the national policy of the Nazi leadership were pushed aside. However, it was the insufficient attention to the national aspect of the plans made by Hitler’s Germany which resulted in the remaining vagueness in the assessment of the future awaiting the peoples of the USSR if the Third Reich had won.

Keywords: Great Patriotic War, national policy of the USSR, Nazism, “race theory”, “life space”, geopolitics, A. Rozenberg, national policy of Germany, national relations, Third Reich.

References:
Berdyaev N.A. Filosofiya tvorchestva, kul'tury, iskusstva. T.2. V 2-kh t. M.: Iskusstvo,1994. – 510s. (Seriya «Russkie filosofy XX veka).
Berdyaev N.A. Sochineniya./Sost., vstup. stat'ya i prim. A.V. Gulygi. – M.: «Raritet», 1994. – 416s. – (Biblioteka dukhovnogo vozrozhdeniya).
Berdyaev N. Samopoznanie / Nikolay Berdyaev. – M.: AST: Astrel': Politgrafizdat, 2010. – 447, [1] s. – (Filosofiya. Psikhologiya).
Dmitrieva N. – Elektronnyy kod dostupa [URL: http://scepsis.net/authors/id_92.html;http://yadocent.livejournal.com/344839.html]
Il'in I.A. Puti Rossii / Ivan Il'in; sost. A.D. Putintsev. – M.: Vagrius, 2007. – 512 s.
Meysner D. I. Mirazhi i deystvitel'nost'. Zapiski emigranta. M., 1966.
Shkarenkov L. – Elektronnyy kod dostupa [URL: http://scepsis.net/library/id_2136.html]
Ovsyannikova O.A., Kuznetsova A.A. istoricheskie i sovremennye sotsial'no-politicheskie osnovy rossiyskogo patriotizma // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 3. - C. 87 - 114. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2013.3.9083. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_9083.html
Bocharnikov I.V. Ukrainskiy krizis kak element poyasa strategicheskogo okruzheniya Rossii // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2014. - 4. - C. 7 - 32. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.4.11617. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_11617.html
Gusher A.I. Vyzovy i ugrozy bezopasnosti Rossii // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2014. - 1. - C. 64 - 75. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.1.10748. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_10748.html
Manoylo A.V. Prezident Obama i ego Kontinental'naya blokada Rossii // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2014. - 4. - C. 1 - 6. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.4.11563. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_11563.html
Manoylo A.V. Vooruzhennyy myatezh v Ukraine: volna tsvetnykh revolyutsiy idet na Rossiyu // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2014. - 3. - C. 27 - 35. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.3.11498. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_11498.html

References (transliteration):
Berdyaev N.A. Filosofiya tvorchestva, kul'tury, iskusstva. T.2. V 2-kh t. M.: Iskusstvo,1994. – 510s. (Seriya «Russkie filosofy XX veka).
Berdyaev N.A. Sochineniya./Sost., vstup. stat'ya i prim. A.V. Gulygi. – M.: «Raritet», 1994. – 416s. – (Biblioteka dukhovnogo vozrozhdeniya).
Berdyaev N. Samopoznanie / Nikolay Berdyaev. – M.: AST: Astrel': Politgrafizdat, 2010. – 447, [1] s. – (Filosofiya. Psikhologiya).
Dmitrieva N. – Elektronnyy kod dostupa [URL: http://scepsis.net/authors/id_92.html;http://yadocent.livejournal.com/344839.html]
Il'in I.A. Puti Rossii / Ivan Il'in; sost. A.D. Putintsev. – M.: Vagrius, 2007. – 512 s.
Meysner D. I. Mirazhi i deystvitel'nost'. Zapiski emigranta. M., 1966.
Shkarenkov L. – Elektronnyy kod dostupa [URL: http://scepsis.net/library/id_2136.html]
Ovsyannikova O.A., Kuznetsova A.A. istoricheskie i sovremennye sotsial'no-politicheskie osnovy rossiyskogo patriotizma // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 3. - C. 87 - 114. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2013.3.9083. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_9083.html
Bocharnikov I.V. Ukrainskiy krizis kak element poyasa strategicheskogo okruzheniya Rossii // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2014. - 4. - C. 7 - 32. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.4.11617. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_11617.html
Gusher A.I. Vyzovy i ugrozy bezopasnosti Rossii // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2014. - 1. - C. 64 - 75. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.1.10748. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_10748.html
Manoylo A.V. Prezident Obama i ego Kontinental'naya blokada Rossii // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2014. - 4. - C. 1 - 6. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.4.11563. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_11563.html
Manoylo A.V. Vooruzhennyy myatezh v Ukraine: volna tsvetnykh revolyutsiy idet na Rossiyu // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2014. - 3. - C. 27 - 35. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.3.11498. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_11498.html

Review: This article is devoted to the history of training in Russia of professionals for Ethiopia during the period from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. The author pays special attention to the role played by Russian Red Cross in establishing the diplomatic relations between our two countries. When Bolsheviks came to power in Russia, the diplomatic relations between Russia and Ethiopia were suspended. The official Addis Ababa sympathized for the upholders of the tsarist regime and when the news about the execution of emperor Nikolas II and his family reached Ethiopia, a special memorial service was arranged in St. George’s church in Addis Ababa which was attended event by the Patriarch of Ethiopian Christian church, public officials and diplomats from western countries, including the temporary charge d’affaires of Russia P. K. Vinogradov. Methodologically, this research is based on the systematic, structural and functional, and comparative historical approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. The formal relations between the two countries were frozen up until 1943. Ethiopia did not send any more students to Russia, this practice was resumed only in 1960s. However, Russia remains one of the first European country in history which started training professionals for Africa.

Keywords: Conflictîlogy, foreign policy, Ethiopia, Russian-Ethiopian relations, Menelik II, Embassy, Red Cross, Tekle Havariyat, Vitte, General Shvedov

References:
M., 2012. «...Unichtozhit' Rossiyu vesnoy 1941 g.» (A. Gitler, 31 iyulya 1940 goda): Dokumenty spetssluzhb SSSR i Germanii: 1937–1945 gg. M., 2008. Shtayner M. Gitler. M., 2010. Kuusisto, Seppo. Alfred Rosenberg in der Nationalsozialistischen Aussenpolitik 1933–1939. Helsinki, 1984. M.S. Ukraine und die Nationalitätenpolitik Moskaus. [USA], 1938. Rosenberg, Alfred. Der Zukunftsweg einer deutschen Außenpolitik. München, 1927.
V.G. Baev. Karl Shmitt o fenomene Gitlera v istorii Germanii.. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2007.-¹
-C. 0-0. 3. Malinkin A.N.. Social and ethical meanings of the state awards of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945: research on the historical sociology of the award rights. // History magazine: researches.-2012.-¹ 6.-C. 7-20.
V. V. Zakharov. Pered reshayushchey skhvatkoy: Krasnaya Armiya i germanskiy vermakht v 1939–1941 godakh. // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2011.-¹ 3.-C. 27-36.

References (transliteration):
M., 2012. «...Unichtozhit' Rossiyu vesnoy 1941 g.» (A. Gitler, 31 iyulya 1940 goda): Dokumenty spetssluzhb SSSR i Germanii: 1937–1945 gg. M., 2008. Shtayner M. Gitler. M., 2010. Kuusisto, Seppo. Alfred Rosenberg in der Nationalsozialistischen Aussenpolitik 1933–1939. Helsinki, 1984. M.S. Ukraine und die Nationalitätenpolitik Moskaus. [USA], 1938. Rosenberg, Alfred. Der Zukunftsweg einer deutschen Außenpolitik. München, 1927.
V.G. Baev. Karl Shmitt o fenomene Gitlera v istorii Germanii.. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2007.-¹
-C. 0-0. 3. Malinkin A.N.. Social and ethical meanings of the state awards of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945: research on the historical sociology of the award rights. // History magazine: researches.-2012.-¹ 6.-C. 7-20.
V. V. Zakharov. Pered reshayushchey skhvatkoy: Krasnaya Armiya i germanskiy vermakht v 1939–1941 godakh. // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2011.-¹ 3.-C. 27-36.

Review: Some 20 years ago the genocide of worst kind was taking place just one hour flight from Brussels. That time, assassination of different kind from the one of 1914 has enveloped Sarajevo. While massive European ignorance turned Bosnia (and the Union of different peoples – Yugoslavia) into a years-long slaughterhouse, the Maastricht dream was unifying the Westphalian world of the Old continent. Today, two decades later, Atlantic Europe is a political powerhouse (with two of three European nuclear powers, and two of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, P–5), Central Europe is an economic powerhouse, Russophone Europe is an energy powerhouse, Scandinavian Europe is a bit of all that, and Eastern Europe is none of it. No wonder that as soon as serious external or inner security challenges emerge, the compounding parts of the true, historic Europe are resurfacing again. Formerly in Iraq (with the exception of France) and now with Libya, Sudan, Mali and Syria; Central Europe is hesitant to act, Atlantic Europe is eager, Scandinavian Europe is absent, Eastern Europe is bandwagoning, and Russophone Europe is opposing. Did Europe change (after its own 11/9), or it only became more itself?

Keywords: First World War, politica, unification, geopolitics, Bosnia, Sarajevo, Europe, Westphalian Ummah, the international relations, international conflict

Contact information: Bajrektareviñ, Anis, Krems, Austria.

References:
Bajrektarevic, A. (2013), Future of Europe (Of Lisbon and Generational Interval), EU Journal Europe’s World, Brussels
Kissinger, H. ( 1994), Diplomacy, A Touchstone Book
Siedentop, L. (2001), Democracy in Europe, Penguin Books
Bruton, J. (2013), How real is the danger of an EU collapse?, EU Journal Europe’s World 23(13) 2013, Brussels
Fukuyama, F. (2012), The Future of History, Foreign Affairs Magazine 91(1) 2012
Bajrektarevic, A. (2007), Verticalization of Historical Experiences: Europe’s and Asia’s Security Structures – Structural Similarities and Differences, Crossroads – the Macedonian Foreign Policy Journal, 4 (1), page 111-112, M-MFA07
Ferguson, N. (2005), Colossus – The Rise and Fall of the American Empire, Penguin Books (page 255)
Mahbubani, K. (2008), The New Asian Hemisphere, Public Affairs, Perseus Books Group (page: 44-45)
Stiglitz, J.E. (2012), The Price of Inequality, Penguin Economics
Bajrektarevic, A. (2013), Da Lisbona a Barcellona: Tutti gli strumenti dimenticati dell´ Unione Europea, Geopolitica Rivista dell'Istituto di Alti Studi in Geopolitica e Scienze Ausiliarie, Rome (07 FEB 2013)
Wallerstein, I. (1999), The End of the World as We Know it: Social Science for the XXI century, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
Youngs, R. (2011), Europe’s Decline and Fall – The struggle against global irrelevance, Profile Books
Garton Ash, T. (2012), The Crisis of Europe – How the Union Came Together and Why It’s Falling Apart, Foreign Affairs Magazine 91(5) 2012
Maalouf, A. (2009), Le Dérèglement du monde : Quand nos civilisations s’épuisent, Grasset, Paris
Bajrektarevic, A. (2013), Multiculturalism is D(r)ead in Europe – MENA Oil and the (hidden) political prize Europe pays for it, Nordic Page, Oslo Norway
Kagan, R. (2004) Of Paradise and Power, Vintage Books (page 85)
Manoylo A.V. World Models and Technologies of Psychological Impact to Resolve International Conflicts // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 4. - C. 1 - 15. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_9400.html
Manoylo, A.V. Interests of foreign policy of the USA in the Afghanistan. // . - 2012. - 3. - C. 76 - 81.

References (transliteration):
Bajrektarevic, A. (2013), Future of Europe (Of Lisbon and Generational Interval), EU Journal Europe’s World, Brussels
Kissinger, H. ( 1994), Diplomacy, A Touchstone Book
Siedentop, L. (2001), Democracy in Europe, Penguin Books
Bruton, J. (2013), How real is the danger of an EU collapse?, EU Journal Europe’s World 23(13) 2013, Brussels
Fukuyama, F. (2012), The Future of History, Foreign Affairs Magazine 91(1) 2012
Bajrektarevic, A. (2007), Verticalization of Historical Experiences: Europe’s and Asia’s Security Structures – Structural Similarities and Differences, Crossroads – the Macedonian Foreign Policy Journal, 4 (1), page 111-112, M-MFA07
Ferguson, N. (2005), Colossus – The Rise and Fall of the American Empire, Penguin Books (page 255)
Mahbubani, K. (2008), The New Asian Hemisphere, Public Affairs, Perseus Books Group (page: 44-45)
Stiglitz, J.E. (2012), The Price of Inequality, Penguin Economics
Bajrektarevic, A. (2013), Da Lisbona a Barcellona: Tutti gli strumenti dimenticati dell´ Unione Europea, Geopolitica Rivista dell'Istituto di Alti Studi in Geopolitica e Scienze Ausiliarie, Rome (07 FEB 2013)
Wallerstein, I. (1999), The End of the World as We Know it: Social Science for the XXI century, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
Youngs, R. (2011), Europe’s Decline and Fall – The struggle against global irrelevance, Profile Books
Garton Ash, T. (2012), The Crisis of Europe – How the Union Came Together and Why It’s Falling Apart, Foreign Affairs Magazine 91(5) 2012
Maalouf, A. (2009), Le Dérèglement du monde : Quand nos civilisations s’épuisent, Grasset, Paris
Bajrektarevic, A. (2013), Multiculturalism is D(r)ead in Europe – MENA Oil and the (hidden) political prize Europe pays for it, Nordic Page, Oslo Norway
Kagan, R. (2004) Of Paradise and Power, Vintage Books (page 85)
Manoylo A.V. World Models and Technologies of Psychological Impact to Resolve International Conflicts // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 4. - C. 1 - 15. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_9400.html
Manoylo, A.V. Interests of foreign policy of the USA in the Afghanistan. // . - 2012. - 3. - C. 76 - 81.

Review: This article presents a polemic against the statement that back in 1944 the Soviet leaders had an intention to deport the Ukrainian population, which previously lived in the situation of German occupation. The author provides the facts, which leave no place for the doubts that the so-called Decree of the NKVD of the USSR and the People’s Commissariat of Defense of June 22, 1944, which was published in the Ukrainian press in 1992, and which supposedly provided for deportation of all of the Ukrainians, who have previously lived in the situation of Ukrainian occupation, is a counterfeit document. Due to the absence of any proving documents and obvious contradictions with the facts, there are doubts in the truthfulness of the statement of Nikita Sergeevich Khrushev at the XX Assembly of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1956 that I.V. Stalin did not move the Ukrainians only for the reason that there “were too many of them, and nowhere to move them to”.

Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, history, deportation, counterfeiting, Ukrainian population, fake, political provocation, authenticity, security.

Contact information: Zemskov, Viktor Nikolaevich, 101000, Russia, Moskva, ul. Dmitriya Ulyanova, 19.

References:
Op. 70. D. 997. L. 91. Nemetskaya listovka. 4 Tak eto bylo: Natsional'nye repressii v SSSR. 1919–1952 gody. Khu-dozh.-dok. sbornik / Sost. S.U. Alieva. M., 1993. T. 3. S. 140–141. 5 5 Kozlov V.A., Lokteva O.K. «Arkhivnaya revolyutsiya» v Rossii (1991–1996) // Svobodnaya mysl'. 1997. ¹ 1. S. 118–119. 6 Stalinskie deportatsii. 1928–1953 / Sost. N.L. Pobol', P.M. Polyan. M., 2005. S. 781–782, 787–788. 7 O kul'te lichnosti i ego posledstviyakh: Doklad Pervogo sekretarya TsK KPSS tov. Khrushcheva N.S. KhKh s'ezdu Kommunisticheskoy partii Sovet-skogo Soyuza. 25 fevralya 1956 goda // Izvestiya TsK KPSS. 1989. ¹ 3. S. 152.
Manoylo A.V. Strategii "upravlyaemogo khaosa" v usloviyakh khaotizatsii mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy: mif ili real'nost'? // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2014. - 1. - C. 1 - 3. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.1.10750. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_10750.html
Raykhlin E.I. Sotvorili li oni istoriyu ili istoriya sotvorila ikh? // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 4. - C. 27 - 46. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2013.4.9421. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_9421.html
A. V. Manoylo Paradigmy upravleniya mezhdunarodnym
konfliktami: konkurentsiya ili konfrontatsiya // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. - 2011. - 5. - C. 135 - 142.
A. D. Shutov Belovezhskie soglasheniya
i geopoliticheskie pozitsii Rossii // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. - 2012. - 3. - C. 17 - 22.
A. V. Manoylo CShA i Taliban: strategicheskoe partnerstvo // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. - 2012. - 3. - C. 82 - 85.

References (transliteration):
Op. 70. D. 997. L. 91. Nemetskaya listovka. 4 Tak eto bylo: Natsional'nye repressii v SSSR. 1919–1952 gody. Khu-dozh.-dok. sbornik / Sost. S.U. Alieva. M., 1993. T. 3. S. 140–141. 5 5 Kozlov V.A., Lokteva O.K. «Arkhivnaya revolyutsiya» v Rossii (1991–1996) // Svobodnaya mysl'. 1997. ¹ 1. S. 118–119. 6 Stalinskie deportatsii. 1928–1953 / Sost. N.L. Pobol', P.M. Polyan. M., 2005. S. 781–782, 787–788. 7 O kul'te lichnosti i ego posledstviyakh: Doklad Pervogo sekretarya TsK KPSS tov. Khrushcheva N.S. KhKh s'ezdu Kommunisticheskoy partii Sovet-skogo Soyuza. 25 fevralya 1956 goda // Izvestiya TsK KPSS. 1989. ¹ 3. S. 152.
Manoylo A.V. Strategii "upravlyaemogo khaosa" v usloviyakh khaotizatsii mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy: mif ili real'nost'? // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2014. - 1. - C. 1 - 3. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.1.10750. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_10750.html
Raykhlin E.I. Sotvorili li oni istoriyu ili istoriya sotvorila ikh? // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 4. - C. 27 - 46. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2013.4.9421. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_9421.html
A. V. Manoylo Paradigmy upravleniya mezhdunarodnym
konfliktami: konkurentsiya ili konfrontatsiya // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. - 2011. - 5. - C. 135 - 142.
A. D. Shutov Belovezhskie soglasheniya
i geopoliticheskie pozitsii Rossii // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. - 2012. - 3. - C. 17 - 22.
A. V. Manoylo CShA i Taliban: strategicheskoe partnerstvo // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. - 2012. - 3. - C. 82 - 85.

Review: On January 31, 2014 in Tokyo there was another round of regular consultations at the level of Vice-Ministers of the Foreign Affairs of Russia and Japan. The Russian side was represented by I.V. Morgulov and the Japanese side was S. Sugiyama. In the course of consultations the main attention was paid to the issues of furthering the Russian – Japanese cooperation, including closer political dialogue, wider scope of trade and economic ties, development of contacts in the practical spheres and cultural exchanges in the light of implementation of agreements achieved at the meetings of heads of the two states in 2013. There was an exchange of opinions regarding a number of topical international issues, including the security guarantees and lowering the conflict potential in the Asian-Pacific region. According to the assignments of leaders of two states – Russia and Japan there was a discussion of concluding a Treaty of Peace between Russia and Japan and its historic aspects. The parties have agreed upon holding the next round of consultations in Moscow. Specific time shall be agreed upon via the diplomatic channels.

Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, Russia, Japan, political stability, Treaty of Peace, conflict, interests, values.

Contact information: Anisimov, Leonid Nikolaevich, 101000, Russia, Moskva, Baltiiskiy 2-i per., 3a.

References:
Manoylo A.V. Tsennostnye osnovy upravleniya mezhtsivilizatsionnymi konfliktami: rossiyskaya model' // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.-2012.-1.-C. 32-43. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_279.html
Manoylo A.V. Strategii "upravlyaemogo khaosa" v usloviyakh khaotizatsii mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy: mif ili real'nost'? // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.-2014.-1.-C. 1-3. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.1.10750. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_10750.html
Manoylo A.V. Geopoliticheskaya kartina sovremennogo mira // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2013.-5.-C. 149-155. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.5.9394.
Pravda. 1956. 20 oktyabrya.
Gusher A.I. Vyzovy i ugrozy bezopasnosti Rossii // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.-2014.-1.-C. 64-75. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.1.10748. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_10748.html
Kutakov L.N. Istoriya sovetsko-yaponskikh diplomaticheskikh otnosheniy. – M., 1962. S. 500.
Russkie Kurily: Istoriya i sovremennost': Sbornik dokumentov po formirovaniyu russko-yaponskoy i sovetsko-yaponskoy granitsy. – M., 1955.
Zayavlenie A.A. Gromyko na press-konferentsii v San-Frantsisko 8 sentyabrya 1951 goda // Pravda. 1951. 10 sentyabrya.
Sbornik not i zayavleniy pravitel'stv SSSR, SShA, Kitaya, Anglii i drugikh stran po voprosam mirnogo uregulirovaniya dlya Yaponii. Iyul' 1947— iyul' 1951 gg.. – M., MID SSSR 1951.
Sbornik dokumentov i materialov po Yaponii. 1951—1954. – M., 1954.
Vneshnyaya politika Sovetskogo Soyuza. 1945. – M., 1949. S. 155—160.
Sbornik resheniy Dal'nevostochnoy Komissii (fevral' 1946 – iyul' 1948 gg).. – M., MID SSSR, 1948. S. 1215.
Potsdamskaya deklaratsiya// Sbornik deystvuyushchikh dogovorov, soglasheniy i konventsiy, zaklyuchennykh SSSR s inostrannymi gosudarstvami. Vyp. XI. – M., 1955. S.104—106.
Vneshnyaya politika Sovetskogo Soyuza v period Otechestvennoy voyny. – M., 1947. S.110—112;
Yaltinskoe soglashenie trekh velikikh derzhav po voprosam Dal'nego Vostoka// Vneshnyaya politika v period Otechestvennoy voyny. T.3. – M., 1947. S.111—112.
W.Churchill. The Second War. Vol. VI. R. 389.
Kuznets Yu.L. Ot Perl-Kharbora do Potsdama. – M., 1970. S.135.
Nikolaev A.N. Tokio: sud narodov. – M.,1990.
Gol'denberg D.I. Vneshnyaya politika Yaponii v 1941 — 1945 gg. – M., 1962. S.74—75).
Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2010. 31 avgusta.
Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2013. 19 noyabrya.
Klimenko B.M., Ushakov N.A. Nerushimost' granits – usloviya mezhdunarodnogo mira. – M., 1975. S .20 — 22, 32 — 45, 120 — 135
Zimonin V.P. Poslednyaya tochka vo Vtoroy mirovoy voyne. – M., 2005. S. 16—55).
Klimenko B.M. Gosudarstvennaya territoriya. Voprosy teorii i praktiki mezhdunarodnogo prava. – M., 1974. S. 38 — 86;
Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2013. 27 dekabrya.
Anisimov L.N. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo o nesostoyatel'nosti territorial'nykh prityazaniy Yaponii k Rossii kak prodolzhatelyu SSSR//Diplomaticheskaya sluzhba. 2014. ¹1. S.36 – 44.

References (transliteration):
Manoylo A.V. Tsennostnye osnovy upravleniya mezhtsivilizatsionnymi konfliktami: rossiyskaya model' // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.-2012.-1.-C. 32-43. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_279.html
Manoylo A.V. Strategii "upravlyaemogo khaosa" v usloviyakh khaotizatsii mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy: mif ili real'nost'? // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.-2014.-1.-C. 1-3. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.1.10750. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_10750.html
Manoylo A.V. Geopoliticheskaya kartina sovremennogo mira // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene.-2013.-5.-C. 149-155. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.5.9394.
Pravda. 1956. 20 oktyabrya.
Gusher A.I. Vyzovy i ugrozy bezopasnosti Rossii // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.-2014.-1.-C. 64-75. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2014.1.10748. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_10748.html
Kutakov L.N. Istoriya sovetsko-yaponskikh diplomaticheskikh otnosheniy. – M., 1962. S. 500.
Russkie Kurily: Istoriya i sovremennost': Sbornik dokumentov po formirovaniyu russko-yaponskoy i sovetsko-yaponskoy granitsy. – M., 1955.
Zayavlenie A.A. Gromyko na press-konferentsii v San-Frantsisko 8 sentyabrya 1951 goda // Pravda. 1951. 10 sentyabrya.
Sbornik not i zayavleniy pravitel'stv SSSR, SShA, Kitaya, Anglii i drugikh stran po voprosam mirnogo uregulirovaniya dlya Yaponii. Iyul' 1947— iyul' 1951 gg.. – M., MID SSSR 1951.
Sbornik dokumentov i materialov po Yaponii. 1951—1954. – M., 1954.
Vneshnyaya politika Sovetskogo Soyuza. 1945. – M., 1949. S. 155—160.
Sbornik resheniy Dal'nevostochnoy Komissii (fevral' 1946 – iyul' 1948 gg).. – M., MID SSSR, 1948. S. 1215.
Potsdamskaya deklaratsiya// Sbornik deystvuyushchikh dogovorov, soglasheniy i konventsiy, zaklyuchennykh SSSR s inostrannymi gosudarstvami. Vyp. XI. – M., 1955. S.104—106.
Vneshnyaya politika Sovetskogo Soyuza v period Otechestvennoy voyny. – M., 1947. S.110—112;
Yaltinskoe soglashenie trekh velikikh derzhav po voprosam Dal'nego Vostoka// Vneshnyaya politika v period Otechestvennoy voyny. T.3. – M., 1947. S.111—112.
W.Churchill. The Second War. Vol. VI. R. 389.
Kuznets Yu.L. Ot Perl-Kharbora do Potsdama. – M., 1970. S.135.
Nikolaev A.N. Tokio: sud narodov. – M.,1990.
Gol'denberg D.I. Vneshnyaya politika Yaponii v 1941 — 1945 gg. – M., 1962. S.74—75).
Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2010. 31 avgusta.
Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2013. 19 noyabrya.
Klimenko B.M., Ushakov N.A. Nerushimost' granits – usloviya mezhdunarodnogo mira. – M., 1975. S .20 — 22, 32 — 45, 120 — 135
Zimonin V.P. Poslednyaya tochka vo Vtoroy mirovoy voyne. – M., 2005. S. 16—55).
Klimenko B.M. Gosudarstvennaya territoriya. Voprosy teorii i praktiki mezhdunarodnogo prava. – M., 1974. S. 38 — 86;
Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2013. 27 dekabrya.
Anisimov L.N. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo o nesostoyatel'nosti territorial'nykh prityazaniy Yaponii k Rossii kak prodolzhatelyu SSSR//Diplomaticheskaya sluzhba. 2014. ¹1. S.36 – 44.

Review: The issue of return to Russia of the Soviet prisoners of war, the USSR citizens, who were forcibly brought to Germany, and the refugees is one of the least studied issues in the historical literature. Up to the late 1980s the documents on this issues were state secret in Russia. The lack of the sources and objective information caused a lot of myths around this issue. It concerns a number of publications both in the West and in Russia. Often the facts were selected tendentiously and interpretation was biased. Currently the researches have gained access to the previously closed sources, among which special place should be provided for the documents of the Soviet of Ministers (Department of the Plenipotentiary of the Soviet of the People’s Commissars) of the USSR on the Issues of Repatriation, which was formed in October of 1944. Its head was Colonel General F.I. Golikov, who was the former head of the military intelligence. These materials served as the main sources for the author, when this article was prepared. Additionally, for his analytical work the author used the documents of the State Defense Committee, Administration Department of the SPC (Soviet of Ministers) of the USSR, the Secretariat of NKVD (MIA) of the USSR, the Department of Special Camps (Control and Filtering Camps) of the NKVD of the USSR.

Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, the USSR, the 2nd World War, repatriation, the SDC, the NKVD, the prisoners of war, security, the SPC.

Contact information: Zemskov, Viktor Nikolaevich, 101000, Russia, Moskva, ul. Dmitriya Ulyanova, 19.

References:
Stalinskie deportatsii. 1928–1953 /Sost.: N.L.Pobol', P.M.Polyan. M., 2005. S. 610–613.
Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv sotsial'no-politicheskoy istorii (RGASPI). F. 644. Op. 1. D. 333.
Sovetsko-angliyskie otnosheniya vo vremya Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny 1941-1945 gg.: Dokumenty i materialy. M., 1983. T. 2.
Geller M., Nekrich A. Utopiya u vlasti: Istoriya Sovetskogo Soyuza s 1917 goda do nashikh dney. London, 1986.
Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii (GARF).
Pravda. 1944. 11 noyabrya.
A. D. Shutov Belovezhskie soglasheniya i geopoliticheskie pozitsii Rossii // Natsional'naya bezopasnost'/nota bene.-2012.-3.-C. 17-22.

References (transliteration):
Stalinskie deportatsii. 1928–1953 /Sost.: N.L.Pobol', P.M.Polyan. M., 2005. S. 610–613.
Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv sotsial'no-politicheskoy istorii (RGASPI). F. 644. Op. 1. D. 333.
Sovetsko-angliyskie otnosheniya vo vremya Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny 1941-1945 gg.: Dokumenty i materialy. M., 1983. T. 2.
Geller M., Nekrich A. Utopiya u vlasti: Istoriya Sovetskogo Soyuza s 1917 goda do nashikh dney. London, 1986.
Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii (GARF).
Pravda. 1944. 11 noyabrya.
A. D. Shutov Belovezhskie soglasheniya i geopoliticheskie pozitsii Rossii // Natsional'naya bezopasnost'/nota bene.-2012.-3.-C. 17-22.

Review: The war required a temporary departure from the forms of recruiting workforce for public works used in time of peace. The methods of peaceful times (contracts with collective farms and enterprises) could not guarantee the necessary number of workers in the conditions of war. In order to guarantee sustainable production growth and strengthening of the military economy, it was necessary to use the forms of involving labor resources in accordance with the wartime conditions. A serious form of workforce mobilization was the formation of the construction battalions and work strings out of the persons obligated for military service but who were temporarily or permanently unfit to be drafted to the army. Workforce mobilization for agricultural purposes was organized by the mobilization departments of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Union and Autonomous Republics, regional and district departments. In some autonomous republics, regions and districts there were commissions for the organized recruitment of workforce and also the divisions for the economic placement of evacuated persons. It turned out that different divisions implemented the same function. It complicated the reporting, distribution and rational use of labor resources. Mobilization of the workforce was aimed at the maximal and most efficient use of the cadres, their redistribution in favor of military production and heavy industry, introduction of obligatory overtime work at the factories and cancellation of vacations (both basic and additional), mobilization and allocation of workers and officials for permanent work in the military and cooperating industry for the entire period of war; mobilization of the city and village population capable of doing work and not already involved in social production in order to do work in the spheres of industry, construction and transportation; general work obligation, allowing to involve all of the population capable of doing work into providing for the military need; allocation of necessary cadres: qualified workers, specialists, and officials in the most crucial industrial spheres providing for the military through reservation, that is, through freeing them from drafting to the army; mass education of new workers, their advanced training at the place of work, and at schools and colleges for worker reserve; teaching specialists at the higher education institutions; organization of work and payment with the due regard for the specific wartime conditions — support and development of creative initiative, competitions for more productive work, working time economy and achieving the goals with less workers.

Keywords: international relations, politics, labor resources, the Great Patriotic War, the USSR, mobilization, legislation, the Soviet people, the persons obligated for military service, labor front.

Contact information: Zemskov, Viktor Nikolaevich, 101000, Moskva, ul. Dmitriya Ulyanova, d. 19.

References:
Tel'pukhovskiy V.B. Obespechenie promyshlennosti rabochimi kadrami v pervyy period Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny // Voprosy istorii. 1958. ¹ 11. S. 35.
Kravchenko G.S. Ekonomika SSSR v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny. 1941-1945 gg. M., 1970. S. 110-111.
ISRK. T. 3.
Mitrofanova A.V. Rabochiy klass SSSR v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny. M., 1971.
Voznesenskiy N.A. Voennaya ekonomika SSSR v period Otechestvennoy voyny. M., 1948.
VLKSM v tsifrakh i faktakh. M., 1949.
Voyna i obshchestvo. 1941-1945. M., 2004. Kn. 2.
Sbornik dokumentov i materialov po voprosam truda v period Otechestvennoy voyny. 22 iyunya 1941 g. – 5 yanvarya 1944 g. M., 1944. S. 8-12;
Resheniya partii i pravitel'stva po khozyaystvennym voprosam. M., 1968. T. 3.
Senyavskiy S.L., Tel'pukhovskiy V.B. Rabochiy klass SSSR. 1938-1965 gg. M., 1971. S. 101-103, 111-114.
Sobranie Postanovleniy Pravitel'stva SSSR. 1942. ¹ 4. St. 60.
Arutyunyan Yu.V. Sovetskoe krest'yanstvo v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny. M., 1963.
V trude, kak v boyu: Iz istorii komsomol'sko-molodezhnykh brigad v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny. M., 1961. S. 52-57.
Ruffmann K.-H. Sowjetrussland. 1917-1977. Münhen, 1977. S. 118-120.
D. P. Savchenko Rol' A.N. Kosygina v vypolnenii gosudarstvennykh zadach po ukrepleniyu oboronosposobnosti SSSR v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny (1941–1945 gg.) // Politika i obshchestvo. - 2011. - 11. - C. 102 - 112.
E. A. Vorontsova Mobilizatsiya rossiyskoy romyshlennosti v gody Pervoy mirovoy voyny po materialam «Izvestiy Tsentral'nogo voenno-promyshlennogo komiteta» // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2013. - 1. - C. 94 - 103. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2013.01.10.

References (transliteration):
Tel'pukhovskiy V.B. Obespechenie promyshlennosti rabochimi kadrami v pervyy period Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny // Voprosy istorii. 1958. ¹ 11. S. 35.
Kravchenko G.S. Ekonomika SSSR v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny. 1941-1945 gg. M., 1970. S. 110-111.
ISRK. T. 3.
Mitrofanova A.V. Rabochiy klass SSSR v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny. M., 1971.
Voznesenskiy N.A. Voennaya ekonomika SSSR v period Otechestvennoy voyny. M., 1948.
VLKSM v tsifrakh i faktakh. M., 1949.
Voyna i obshchestvo. 1941-1945. M., 2004. Kn. 2.
Sbornik dokumentov i materialov po voprosam truda v period Otechestvennoy voyny. 22 iyunya 1941 g. – 5 yanvarya 1944 g. M., 1944. S. 8-12;
Resheniya partii i pravitel'stva po khozyaystvennym voprosam. M., 1968. T. 3.
Senyavskiy S.L., Tel'pukhovskiy V.B. Rabochiy klass SSSR. 1938-1965 gg. M., 1971. S. 101-103, 111-114.
Sobranie Postanovleniy Pravitel'stva SSSR. 1942. ¹ 4. St. 60.
Arutyunyan Yu.V. Sovetskoe krest'yanstvo v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny. M., 1963.
V trude, kak v boyu: Iz istorii komsomol'sko-molodezhnykh brigad v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny. M., 1961. S. 52-57.
Ruffmann K.-H. Sowjetrussland. 1917-1977. Münhen, 1977. S. 118-120.
D. P. Savchenko Rol' A.N. Kosygina v vypolnenii gosudarstvennykh zadach po ukrepleniyu oboronosposobnosti SSSR v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny (1941–1945 gg.) // Politika i obshchestvo. - 2011. - 11. - C. 102 - 112.
E. A. Vorontsova Mobilizatsiya rossiyskoy romyshlennosti v gody Pervoy mirovoy voyny po materialam «Izvestiy Tsentral'nogo voenno-promyshlennogo komiteta» // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2013. - 1. - C. 94 - 103. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2013.01.10.

Review: This article contains theoretical analysis of Soviet and post-Soviet economic systems. The author attempted to prove that the Soviet capitalism model was obviously Ricardo-like in character, while the post-Soviet model of authoritarian state capitalism has obvious Marxist features. Within the Ricardo paradigm (with all of the other conditions even) not only salaries and profits move in opposite directions. Each of the parts of the article includes tables and then explanations to them. Following Adam Smith, David Ricardo, who lived at the time of industrial revolution in England, considered that the only goal of any production is consumption, and it concerns the producing class of the capitalist society — the hired workers. It does not mean that the main motive of the Ricardo capitalism is well-being of the working class, which produces riches and capital, rather, it is riches and capital themselves, belonging to capitalists, who make decisions on their use, movement and transition into other forms. According to Ricardo, the higher living (consumption) standard of all of the classes in a capitalist society may be achieved only in the far away future by maximizing profits of the capital owners, and current lowering of the salary of the working class.

Keywords: international relations, politics, capitalism, Ricardo, Marx, economics, history, state, social structure, class.

Contact information: Raiklin, Ernest Ilyich, 163 Moore Hill Road Grahamsville, New York 12740–5611.

References:
I. A. Trifonova Vneshnyaya politika Rossii i formirovanie pozitivnogo obraza rossiyskogo gosudarstva // Natsional'naya bezopasnost'/nota bene.-2011.-5.-C. 115-125.
Panteleev O.E. Rossiyskaya gosudarstvennost' i integratsionnye protsessy na Evraziyskom prostranstve // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.-2013.-1.-C. 31-36. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560Kh.2013.01.5.
G.A. Kolobova Politicheskiy rezhim kak klyuchevoy determinant razvitiya sistemy politiko-gosudarstvennykh mekhanizmov regulirovaniya rossiyskoy ekonomiki v postsovetskiy period // Pravo i politika.-2012.-11.-C. 1829-1837.
S. V. Kodan Politiko-yuridicheskaya metodologiya v issledovanii istorii modernizatsii gosudarstvenno-pravovoy sistemy Rossii (XIX – nachalo XX vv.) // Politika i obshchestvo.-2012.-3.-C. 106-118.
Borisenkov A.A. Politicheskaya vlast' – politicheskaya substantsiya // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-6.-C. 193-217. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_806.html
L. A. Sidorova Shkoly v sovetskoy istoricheskoy nauke: traditsii i osobennosti // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2012.-3.-C. 14-23.
Ernest Raiklin, “From a Ricardian to a Marxian Ranking of Economic Goals and Means (A Case of the Soviet Union), 1992, International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 19, Nos. 7/8/9, pp. 90 – 107.

References (transliteration):
I. A. Trifonova Vneshnyaya politika Rossii i formirovanie pozitivnogo obraza rossiyskogo gosudarstva // Natsional'naya bezopasnost'/nota bene.-2011.-5.-C. 115-125.
Panteleev O.E. Rossiyskaya gosudarstvennost' i integratsionnye protsessy na Evraziyskom prostranstve // Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya.-2013.-1.-C. 31-36. DOI: 10.7256/2305-560Kh.2013.01.5.
G.A. Kolobova Politicheskiy rezhim kak klyuchevoy determinant razvitiya sistemy politiko-gosudarstvennykh mekhanizmov regulirovaniya rossiyskoy ekonomiki v postsovetskiy period // Pravo i politika.-2012.-11.-C. 1829-1837.
S. V. Kodan Politiko-yuridicheskaya metodologiya v issledovanii istorii modernizatsii gosudarstvenno-pravovoy sistemy Rossii (XIX – nachalo XX vv.) // Politika i obshchestvo.-2012.-3.-C. 106-118.
Borisenkov A.A. Politicheskaya vlast' – politicheskaya substantsiya // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2013.-6.-C. 193-217. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_806.html
L. A. Sidorova Shkoly v sovetskoy istoricheskoy nauke: traditsii i osobennosti // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2012.-3.-C. 14-23.
Ernest Raiklin, “From a Ricardian to a Marxian Ranking of Economic Goals and Means (A Case of the Soviet Union), 1992, International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 19, Nos. 7/8/9, pp. 90 – 107.

Review: The article concerns the reaction of the US society to the crisis moments in the international relations in 1938–1939. The author analyzes the evaluations of the German aggression in Europe by the US leaders and by the press. The American society in 1920–1930s had two tendencies in respect to the threat of war: “isolationists’ on one hand, and “internationalists’ on the other hand. In this situation the President of the USA F. D. Roosevelt, who paid much attention to the European and Middle Eastern affairs. The first large European crisis of 1938 was due to occupation of Austria, which had a considerable impact on the American society. The formation of the evaluation of Fascist threat was influenced by the mass media and the opinions of the leading politicians, among whom the position of the personnel of the Department of State was the most prominent. The Secretary of State Cordell Hall stated before the March crisis of 1938 that Germany became a domineering force in the continental Europe, and taking this factor into account (the Secretary of State was addressing the Ambassador of Germany H. H. Dieckhoff) it is necessary to establish the further way — either to militarization and conflicts, or to sustaining the existing order in Europe.

Keywords: international relations, politics, the USA, Germany, conflicts, society, threat, war, interests, values.

Contact information: Buranok, Sergey Olegovich, 101000, Moskva, ul. Verkhnaya Radischevskaya, d.18.

References:
Foreign Relations of the United States. 1937, vol. I. Washington, 1954. R. 140 – 145
Marushkin B.I. Amerikanskaya politika «nevmeshatel'stva» i yaponskaya agressiya v Kitae 1937 – 1939. M.,1957. S. 39.
Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy 1931 – 1941. Washington, 1983. R. 401 – 402.
Welles S.. Seven Decisions that Shaped History. N.Y., 1950. P. 25.
Milwaukee Journal. 12.03.1938. R. 1, 2.
Herald-Journal. 12.03.1938. R. 1;
Los Angeles Times. 12.03.1938. R. 1;
Washington Times-Herald. 12.03.1938. R. 1.
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 12.03.1938. R. 1.
New York Times. 13.03.1938.
The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library. German Diplomatic Files. Box 31.
Milwaukee Journal. 23.09.1938. R. 1, 2.
Pittsburgh Press. 23.09.1938. R. 3.
Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy 1931 – 1941. Washington, 1983.
Herald-Journal. 30.09.1938. R. 1.
New York Times. 30.09.1938. R. 1.
Lewiston Daily Sun. 30.09.1938. R. 1.
God krizisa: 1938 – 1939. T. 1. M., 1990. S. 101.
Umanskiy, K.A. sm.: God krizisa: 1938 – 1939. T. 1. M., 1990. S. 100.
Buranok S.O. Perl-Kharbor v otsenke voenno-politicheskikh deyateley SShA 1941 – 1945 gg. Samara, 2009. S. 101 – 104.
Christian Science Monitor. 1.09.1939. R. 1.
Washington Post. 1.09.1939. R. 1;
New York Herald Tribune. 1.09.1939. R. 1;
Pechatnov V.O., Manykin A.S. Istoriya vneshney politiki SShA. M., 2012. S. 325.
Manoylo A.V. Tsennostnye osnovy upravleniya mezhtsivilizatsionnymi konfliktami: rossiyskaya model' // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2012. - 1. - C. 32 - 43. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2012.1.279. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_279.html
Ovsyannikova O.A., Kuznetsova A.A. istoricheskie i sovremennye sotsial'no-politicheskie osnovy rossiyskogo patriotizma // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 3. - C. 87 - 114. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_9083.html
Manoylo A.V. "Siriyskiy vopros" Bashara Asada // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 2. - C. 48 - 67. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_8798.html
Borisenkov A.A. O mirovoy politike kak osoboy raznovidnosti politicheskogo vliyaniya // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki. - 2013. - 2. - C. 1 - 22. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_61.html

References (transliteration):
Foreign Relations of the United States. 1937, vol. I. Washington, 1954. R. 140 – 145
Marushkin B.I. Amerikanskaya politika «nevmeshatel'stva» i yaponskaya agressiya v Kitae 1937 – 1939. M.,1957. S. 39.
Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy 1931 – 1941. Washington, 1983. R. 401 – 402.
Welles S.. Seven Decisions that Shaped History. N.Y., 1950. P. 25.
Milwaukee Journal. 12.03.1938. R. 1, 2.
Herald-Journal. 12.03.1938. R. 1;
Los Angeles Times. 12.03.1938. R. 1;
Washington Times-Herald. 12.03.1938. R. 1.
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 12.03.1938. R. 1.
New York Times. 13.03.1938.
The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library. German Diplomatic Files. Box 31.
Milwaukee Journal. 23.09.1938. R. 1, 2.
Pittsburgh Press. 23.09.1938. R. 3.
Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy 1931 – 1941. Washington, 1983.
Herald-Journal. 30.09.1938. R. 1.
New York Times. 30.09.1938. R. 1.
Lewiston Daily Sun. 30.09.1938. R. 1.
God krizisa: 1938 – 1939. T. 1. M., 1990. S. 101.
Umanskiy, K.A. sm.: God krizisa: 1938 – 1939. T. 1. M., 1990. S. 100.
Buranok S.O. Perl-Kharbor v otsenke voenno-politicheskikh deyateley SShA 1941 – 1945 gg. Samara, 2009. S. 101 – 104.
Christian Science Monitor. 1.09.1939. R. 1.
Washington Post. 1.09.1939. R. 1;
New York Herald Tribune. 1.09.1939. R. 1;
Pechatnov V.O., Manykin A.S. Istoriya vneshney politiki SShA. M., 2012. S. 325.
Manoylo A.V. Tsennostnye osnovy upravleniya mezhtsivilizatsionnymi konfliktami: rossiyskaya model' // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2012. - 1. - C. 32 - 43. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4226.2012.1.279. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_279.html
Ovsyannikova O.A., Kuznetsova A.A. istoricheskie i sovremennye sotsial'no-politicheskie osnovy rossiyskogo patriotizma // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 3. - C. 87 - 114. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_9083.html
Manoylo A.V. "Siriyskiy vopros" Bashara Asada // NB: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2013. - 2. - C. 48 - 67. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/wi/article_8798.html
Borisenkov A.A. O mirovoy politike kak osoboy raznovidnosti politicheskogo vliyaniya // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki. - 2013. - 2. - C. 1 - 22. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_61.html

Review: This article is devoted to the analytic note, presented to the Secretary General of the CPSU Central Committee Y.V. Andropov. The sharp confrontation between the Soviet Union and the coalition of the Western states in the late 1970s made the Soviet leaders face a number of matters in the sphere of improvement of the Soviet foreign policy. The attack on the Western positions posed a huge pressure on material and moral resources of the state, overstepping its real abilities. In order to guarantee the Communist Messiah expansion and wage the “Cold War” the USSR spent 15 to 30 percent of the GDP (compared to 5 per cent of GDP for the USA). It threatened to undermine the economic fundamentals of the state. The Soviet government violated the fundamental foreign policy principle, as formulated by von Clausewitz, providing that the established foreign political goals should strictly conform with the material resources and international situation. However, instead of easing the tension in the relations with the West, and lowering the pressure on the economies of the Soviet Union and its partners in the Warsaw Treaty Organization, in the 1970s the Kremlin chose to intensify the tension.

Keywords: international relations, politics, the USSR, geo-policy, Andropov, diplomacy, ideology, security, values.

Contact information: Dashichev, Vyacheslav Ivanovich, 101000, Moskva, Nakhimovskiy pr-t., d. 32.

Review: It was 75 years ago, when on September 29, 1938 Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier and Mussolini gathered for a meeting and in the night of September 30, 1938 after a short period of negotiations and speeches the Munich Agreement was signed by the governments of the Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, the Great Britain and France. It was one of the shameful pre-War deals, and on this tragic day, when the gates were opened to the 2nd World War and the sovereign Czech Republic disappeared from the political map. The haste of the aggressor showed itself in the fact that it was just four hours after the meeting in Munich, when the Prime — Minister of the Czech Government received the text of the Munich Agreement, under which 1/5 of the Czech territory was transferred to Germany. And on September 30, 1938 the Anglo-German Declaration of 1938 and the Franco-German Declaration of 1938 were signed, standing for the nonaggression pact between the French and English Governments and the Hitler’s Germany and regulation of all of the issues. Therefore, starting from September 30, 1938, the world was doomed for the war.

Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, Russia, geo-politics, political instability, the Munich conspiracy, the 2nd World War, political history, interests, values.

Contact information: Anisimov, Leonid Nikolaevich, 101000, Moskva, Baltiiskiy 2 per., d. 3a.

References:
1. Myunkhen — preddverie voyny: Istoricheskie ocherki / otv. red. V.K. Volkov. — M., 1988.
2. Anisimov L.N. Myunkhenskiy sgovor 1938 g. i nekotorye problemy evropeyskoy bezopasnosti v kanun KhKhI v. //
Diplomaticheskiy vestnik MID RF. — 1999. — ¹ 10.
3. Protopopov A.S., Koz'menko V.M., Elmanov N.S. Istoriya mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy i vneshney politiki Ros-
sii. 1648-2005. — M., 2010. — S. 248-250.
4. Predvoennyy krizis 1939 g. v dokumentakh / otv. red. Z.S. Belousova. — M., 1992.
5. Dokumenty i materialy nakanune Vtoroy mirovoy voyny. T. 1-2. — M., 1948.
6. Matveev V.A. Myunkhen ne povtorit'sya. — M., 1970; Sipols V., Ponkratov M. Podgotovka Myunkhenskogo diktata //
Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn'. — 1973. — ¹ 3-6.
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9. Kolobov O.A. NATO: taktika voennykh deystviy v Yugoslavii i ikh posledstviya dlya Rossii / V kn.: Balkanskiy
krizis: istoki, sostoyanie, perspektivy. — N.Novgorod, 2000.
10. Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2008. 24 sentyabrya.
11. Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2008. 12 sentyabrya.
12. Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2008. 7 noyabrya.
13. Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2008. 25 noyabrya.

References (transliteration):
1. Myunkhen — preddverie voyny: Istoricheskie ocherki / otv. red. V.K. Volkov. — M., 1988.
2. Anisimov L.N. Myunkhenskiy sgovor 1938 g. i nekotorye problemy evropeyskoy bezopasnosti v kanun KhKhI v. //
Diplomaticheskiy vestnik MID RF. — 1999. — ¹ 10.
3. Protopopov A.S., Koz'menko V.M., Elmanov N.S. Istoriya mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy i vneshney politiki Ros-
sii. 1648-2005. — M., 2010. — S. 248-250.
4. Predvoennyy krizis 1939 g. v dokumentakh / otv. red. Z.S. Belousova. — M., 1992.
5. Dokumenty i materialy nakanune Vtoroy mirovoy voyny. T. 1-2. — M., 1948.
6. Matveev V.A. Myunkhen ne povtorit'sya. — M., 1970; Sipols V., Ponkratov M. Podgotovka Myunkhenskogo diktata //
Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn'. — 1973. — ¹ 3-6.
7. Maslov S. Myunkhen: pravda stalo bol'she // Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2008. 30 sentyabrya.
8. American Journal of International». — 1939. — vol. 39. — r. 12-32.
9. Kolobov O.A. NATO: taktika voennykh deystviy v Yugoslavii i ikh posledstviya dlya Rossii / V kn.: Balkanskiy
krizis: istoki, sostoyanie, perspektivy. — N.Novgorod, 2000.
10. Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2008. 24 sentyabrya.
11. Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2008. 12 sentyabrya.
12. Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2008. 7 noyabrya.
13. Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2008. 25 noyabrya.