Abstract: This article is the result of an analysis of the legislation on the judiciary and the status of judges in the Republic of Estonia, which is part of the research of the organization of the legislation on the judiciary in the Baltic states that emerged from the former Soviet Union after the collapse of the USSR. The way which these states passed after the separation from the Soviet Union before joining the European Union, was marked by repeated changes of the legislation on the judiciary and the status of judges in the Republic of Estonia. The result of these transformations, presented in this paper, is of undoubted interest to account for it in the formation of modern Russian legislation in this area after the integration of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: the status of the judge, court, judicial authority, the Estonian Republic, the judge of the Estonian Republic, the Law «About courtes», the judge in resignation, social security of judges, judicial administration, a personnel reserve of judges.

References:
1. Konstitutsiya Estonskoy Respubliki ot 28 iyunya 1992 g. v redaktsii ot 5 oktyabrya 2003 g. Eesti Vabariigi põhiseadus//
Opublikovana (Avaldamismärge): RT 1992, 26, 349; RT I 2003, 64, 429.
2. Zakon Estonskoy respubliki «O sudakh» ot 19.06.2002 g. v redaktsii ot 05 dekabrya 2013 g. Kohtute seadus//
Opublikovan (Avaldamismärge): RT I 2002, 64, 390; RT I, 23.12.2013, 1.
3. Zakon Estonskoy respubliki «O publichnoy sluzhbe» ot 13.06.2012 v redaktsii ot 19.03.2013. Avaliku teenistuse
seadus// Opublikovan (Avaldamismärge): RT I, 06.07.2012, 1; RT I, 26.03.2013, 5.
4. Zakon Estonskoy Respubliki ot 25.02.1999 «O kantslere yustitsii» v redaktsii ot 12.06.2013. Õiguskantsleri
seadus//RT I 1999, 29, 406; RT I, 03.07.2013, 2.
5. Beregovaya E.V. Mirovaya yustitsiya v rossiyskoy politicheskoy sisteme (po materialam sotsiologicheskogo is-
sledovaniya) // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2013. – 8. – C. 988–993. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.8.9086.
6. Kashepov V.P. Realizatsiya potentsiala konstitutsionnykh osnov sudebnoy vlasti // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo za-
konodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. – 2013. – 2. – C. 186–197.
7. Minasyan N.G. Osobennosti formirovaniya konstitutsionnykh sudov stran – uchastnikov Sodruzhestva Nezavisi-
mykh Gosudarstv // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2011. – 11. – C. 39–42.
8. Suleymanov B.B. Sud v sisteme gosudarstvennoy vlasti (metodologicheskie aspekty) // Aktual'nye problemy
rossiyskogo prava. – 2013. – 3. – C. 239–244.
9. Khabrieva T.Ya. Doktrinal'noe obosnovanie i konstitutsionnoe zakreplenie idey pravosudiya // Zhurnal za-
rubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. – 2012. – 2. – C. 4–9.
10. Tsaliev A.M. O neobkhodimosti dal'neyshey detsentralizatsii i demokratizatsii sudebnoy vlasti v Rossii //
Pravo i politika. – 2013. – 4. – C. 499–503. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.04.7.

References (transliteration):
1. Konstitutsiya Estonskoy Respubliki ot 28 iyunya 1992 g. v redaktsii ot 5 oktyabrya 2003 g. Eesti Vabariigi põhiseadus//
Opublikovana (Avaldamismärge): RT 1992, 26, 349; RT I 2003, 64, 429.
2. Zakon Estonskoy respubliki «O sudakh» ot 19.06.2002 g. v redaktsii ot 05 dekabrya 2013 g. Kohtute seadus//
Opublikovan (Avaldamismärge): RT I 2002, 64, 390; RT I, 23.12.2013, 1.
3. Zakon Estonskoy respubliki «O publichnoy sluzhbe» ot 13.06.2012 v redaktsii ot 19.03.2013. Avaliku teenistuse
seadus// Opublikovan (Avaldamismärge): RT I, 06.07.2012, 1; RT I, 26.03.2013, 5.
4. Zakon Estonskoy Respubliki ot 25.02.1999 «O kantslere yustitsii» v redaktsii ot 12.06.2013. Õiguskantsleri
seadus//RT I 1999, 29, 406; RT I, 03.07.2013, 2.
5. Beregovaya E.V. Mirovaya yustitsiya v rossiyskoy politicheskoy sisteme (po materialam sotsiologicheskogo is-
sledovaniya) // Politika i Obshchestvo. – 2013. – 8. – C. 988–993. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.8.9086.
6. Kashepov V.P. Realizatsiya potentsiala konstitutsionnykh osnov sudebnoy vlasti // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo za-
konodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. – 2013. – 2. – C. 186–197.
7. Minasyan N.G. Osobennosti formirovaniya konstitutsionnykh sudov stran – uchastnikov Sodruzhestva Nezavisi-
mykh Gosudarstv // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. – 2011. – 11. – C. 39–42.
8. Suleymanov B.B. Sud v sisteme gosudarstvennoy vlasti (metodologicheskie aspekty) // Aktual'nye problemy
rossiyskogo prava. – 2013. – 3. – C. 239–244.
9. Khabrieva T.Ya. Doktrinal'noe obosnovanie i konstitutsionnoe zakreplenie idey pravosudiya // Zhurnal za-
rubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. – 2012. – 2. – C. 4–9.
10. Tsaliev A.M. O neobkhodimosti dal'neyshey detsentralizatsii i demokratizatsii sudebnoy vlasti v Rossii //
Pravo i politika. – 2013. – 4. – C. 499–503. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.04.7.

Abstract: The article considers some problems connected with the mediation application as the most requested way of alternative dispute resolutions, as well as the mediation law regulation particularities in the near abroad states – the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Moldova. The problem questions of definition and application of the national law new institution – mediation is corresponding of it’s standards to native’s mental imaginations, negotiating culture definition, public trust to private mediators and court system prestige. Analysis of problems and mediation institute application perspectives related with determination of correlation between mediation and judicial remedy. Improvement of legislative acts about dispute resolution alternative methods, particularly mediation, should be performed in accordance with public necessity of this dispute resolution method. The tendency to dispute resolution in a judicial proceeding stipulates the advisability of providing a legislative framework for this kind of conciliation procedures such as court reconciliation that will assist to increase the reliance of the conflict parts to the dispute resolution procedure, social relationships harmonization.

Keywords: alternative dispute resolution, mediation, principles of mediation, legal conflict, mediation agreement, civil procedure, enforcement proceedings, near abroad states, existing experience of foreign countries, judicial remedy.

References:
1. Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation
in civil and commercial matters // Official Journal of the European Union. L 136, 24.5.2008, S. 3–8.
2. Bol'shova A.K. Kontseptsiya razvitiya zakonodatel'stva o nesudebnykh protsedurakh razresheniya sporov // Kon-
tseptsii razvitiya rossiyskogo zakonodatel'stva. – M.: Eksmo, 2010. – s. 663.
3. Burkovskaya A.M. Institut mediatsii v Respublike Kazakhstan: problemy teorii i praktiki // Mirovoy sud'ya.
2011. № 4. S. 8–10.
4. Grazhdanskiy protsessual'nyy kodeks Respubliki Belarus' // Natsional'nyy reestr pravovykh aktov Respu-
bliki Belarus'. 15.01.1999. № 2/13.
5. Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan ot 28.01.2011 № 401-IV «O mediatsii» // Kazakhstanskaya pravda. 05.02.2011.
№ 42–43.
6. Zakon Respubliki Belarus' ot 12.07.2013 № 58–3 «O mediatsii» // Natsional'nyy reestr pravovykh aktov
Respubliki Belarus'. 19.07.2013. № 2/2056.
7. Zakon Respubliki Moldova ot 14.06.2007 № 134-XVI «O mediatsii» // Monitorul Oficial. 2007. № 188–191.
St. 730.
8. Zakon Respubliki Moldova ot 17.06.2010 № 113 «O sudebnykh ispolnitelyakh» // Monitorul Oficial. 2010.
№ 126–128. St. 406.
9. Ispolnitel'nyy kodeks Respubliki Moldova ot 24.12.2004 № 443-XV // Monitorul Oficial. 2005. № 34–35.
10. Kamenkov V.S. Istoriya i ponyatie posrednichestva v khozyaystvennom sudoproizvodstve Belarusi // Arbitrazh-
nyy i grazhdanskiy protsess. 2010. № 9.
11. Lisitsyn V.V. Posrednichestvo i mediatsiya v Rossii: problemy stanovleniya i perspektivy razvitiya // Tre-
teyskiy sud. 2012. № 4.
12. Suleymenov M.K. Zakonodatel'stvo Respubliki Kazakhstan o mezhdunarodnom kommercheskom arbitrazhe i me-
diatsii // Treteyskiy sud. 2011. № 4.
13. Federal'nyy zakon ot 27.07.2010 № 193-FZ «Ob al'ternativnoy protsedure uregulirovaniya sporov s ucha-
stiem posrednika (protsedure mediatsii)» // SZ RF. 2010. № 31. St. 4162.
14. Khozyaystvennyy protsessual'nyy kodeks Respubliki Belarus' // Natsional'nyy reestr pravovykh aktov Respu-
bliki Belarus'. 20.03.2001. № 2/745.

References (transliteration):
1. Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation
in civil and commercial matters // Official Journal of the European Union. L 136, 24.5.2008, S. 3–8.
2. Bol'shova A.K. Kontseptsiya razvitiya zakonodatel'stva o nesudebnykh protsedurakh razresheniya sporov // Kon-
tseptsii razvitiya rossiyskogo zakonodatel'stva. – M.: Eksmo, 2010. – s. 663.
3. Burkovskaya A.M. Institut mediatsii v Respublike Kazakhstan: problemy teorii i praktiki // Mirovoy sud'ya.
2011. № 4. S. 8–10.
4. Grazhdanskiy protsessual'nyy kodeks Respubliki Belarus' // Natsional'nyy reestr pravovykh aktov Respu-
bliki Belarus'. 15.01.1999. № 2/13.
5. Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan ot 28.01.2011 № 401-IV «O mediatsii» // Kazakhstanskaya pravda. 05.02.2011.
№ 42–43.
6. Zakon Respubliki Belarus' ot 12.07.2013 № 58–3 «O mediatsii» // Natsional'nyy reestr pravovykh aktov
Respubliki Belarus'. 19.07.2013. № 2/2056.
7. Zakon Respubliki Moldova ot 14.06.2007 № 134-XVI «O mediatsii» // Monitorul Oficial. 2007. № 188–191.
St. 730.
8. Zakon Respubliki Moldova ot 17.06.2010 № 113 «O sudebnykh ispolnitelyakh» // Monitorul Oficial. 2010.
№ 126–128. St. 406.
9. Ispolnitel'nyy kodeks Respubliki Moldova ot 24.12.2004 № 443-XV // Monitorul Oficial. 2005. № 34–35.
10. Kamenkov V.S. Istoriya i ponyatie posrednichestva v khozyaystvennom sudoproizvodstve Belarusi // Arbitrazh-
nyy i grazhdanskiy protsess. 2010. № 9.
11. Lisitsyn V.V. Posrednichestvo i mediatsiya v Rossii: problemy stanovleniya i perspektivy razvitiya // Tre-
teyskiy sud. 2012. № 4.
12. Suleymenov M.K. Zakonodatel'stvo Respubliki Kazakhstan o mezhdunarodnom kommercheskom arbitrazhe i me-
diatsii // Treteyskiy sud. 2011. № 4.
13. Federal'nyy zakon ot 27.07.2010 № 193-FZ «Ob al'ternativnoy protsedure uregulirovaniya sporov s ucha-
stiem posrednika (protsedure mediatsii)» // SZ RF. 2010. № 31. St. 4162.
14. Khozyaystvennyy protsessual'nyy kodeks Respubliki Belarus' // Natsional'nyy reestr pravovykh aktov Respu-
bliki Belarus'. 20.03.2001. № 2/745.

Abstract: Procedures of taxpayer appeal on readjudication of the judgment to supervision authorities in order of administrative appeal and to judicial authorities are analyzed in the article. Activity of the special tax and financial courts on consideration of tax disputes is examined. The necessity of application of foreign countries experience in the field of judicial defense of taxpayers in case of perfection of tax and arbitration legislation in Russia is justified.

Keywords: tax disputes, taxpayer, tax authorities, tax courts, solution of disputes, administrative appeal, defense of taxpayers’ rights, comparative legal analysis.

References:
1. Sutyrin S. Nalogi i nalogovoe planirovanie v mirovoy ekonomike / S. Sutyrin A. Pogorletskiy. Spb.: Po-
lius, 1998. S. 42.
2. Yuldashev A.G. Finansovye sudy v Germanii [Tekst] / A.G. Yuldashev. M.: Ankil, 2000. 136 s.
3. Khassi U.M. Mirovoe nalogooblozhenie. Osnovy Mirovogo nalogovogo kodeksa / V.M. Khassi, D.S. Lyubik per.
s angl. Kembridzh: Garvardsk. un-t, 1992. 280 s.
4. Kucherov I.I. Nalogovoe pravo zarubezhnykh stran [Tekst]: kurs lektsiy / I.I. Kucherov. M.: Yurinfor, 2003.
374 s.
5. Reshenie Evropeyskogo Suda po pravam cheloveka po delu «Kress protiv Frantsii»: ot 07.06.2001 g. [Elektron-
nyy resurs]. — Rezhim dostupa: http://www.menschenrechte.ac.at/orig/ Ol_3/Kress.pdf.
6. Zhuravleva O.O. Pravovoe regulirovanie federal'nykh nalogov v Avstrii // Finansovoe pravo. 2002. № 3.
S. 62-63.
7. Solov'ev V.A. Voprosy balansa publichnogo i chastnogo interesov v nalogovom prave / V.A. Solov'ev // Fi-
nansovoe pravo. 2002. № 4. S. 32.
8. Zhuravleva O.O. Pravovoe regulirovanie federal'nykh nalogov v Avstrii [Tekst] / O.O. Zhuravleva // Finan-
sovoe pravo. 2002. № 3 S. 56-63.
9. Efremov L. Poryadok sudebnogo razresheniya nalogovykh sporov v SShA // Khozyaystvo i pravo. 1998. № 4. S. 105.
10. Timoshenko I.G. Nalogovaya sluzhba v Velikobritanii // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. 1998. № 6.
11. Shepenko G.A. Uregulirovanie nalogovykh sporov v Indonezii // Vash nalogovyy advokat. Konsul'tatsii, reko-
mendatsii: novoe v nalogovom regulirovanii / pod red. S.G. Pepelyaeva. M., 2001. Vyp. 1(15). S. 122-139.
12. Kozyrin A.N. Nalogovoe pravo zarubezhnykh stran. Voprosy teorii i praktiki Manuskript, 1993. 112 s.
13. Tyutyuryukov N.N. Nalogovye sistemy zarubezhnykh stran: Evropa i SShA: ucheb. posobie. M.: Izdatel'sko-tor-
govaya korporatsiya «Dashkov i K», 2002. S.174.
14. Fomina O.A. Istochniki nalogovogo prava zarubezhnykh stran. M., 1996. S. 63-65.
15. Ault H.J. Tax Simplification From a Comparative Point of View // International Studies in Taxation: Law and
Economics. London, etc., 1999. P. 29-44.
16. Artem'eva Yu.A O yuridicheskoy otvetstvennosti nalogovykh organov / Voprosy rossiyskogo i mezhdunarodno-
go prava. 2012. №1. S. 143-145.

References (transliteration):
1. Sutyrin S. Nalogi i nalogovoe planirovanie v mirovoy ekonomike / S. Sutyrin A. Pogorletskiy. Spb.: Po-
lius, 1998. S. 42.
2. Yuldashev A.G. Finansovye sudy v Germanii [Tekst] / A.G. Yuldashev. M.: Ankil, 2000. 136 s.
3. Khassi U.M. Mirovoe nalogooblozhenie. Osnovy Mirovogo nalogovogo kodeksa / V.M. Khassi, D.S. Lyubik per.
s angl. Kembridzh: Garvardsk. un-t, 1992. 280 s.
4. Kucherov I.I. Nalogovoe pravo zarubezhnykh stran [Tekst]: kurs lektsiy / I.I. Kucherov. M.: Yurinfor, 2003.
374 s.
5. Reshenie Evropeyskogo Suda po pravam cheloveka po delu «Kress protiv Frantsii»: ot 07.06.2001 g. [Elektron-
nyy resurs]. — Rezhim dostupa: http://www.menschenrechte.ac.at/orig/ Ol_3/Kress.pdf.
6. Zhuravleva O.O. Pravovoe regulirovanie federal'nykh nalogov v Avstrii // Finansovoe pravo. 2002. № 3.
S. 62-63.
7. Solov'ev V.A. Voprosy balansa publichnogo i chastnogo interesov v nalogovom prave / V.A. Solov'ev // Fi-
nansovoe pravo. 2002. № 4. S. 32.
8. Zhuravleva O.O. Pravovoe regulirovanie federal'nykh nalogov v Avstrii [Tekst] / O.O. Zhuravleva // Finan-
sovoe pravo. 2002. № 3 S. 56-63.
9. Efremov L. Poryadok sudebnogo razresheniya nalogovykh sporov v SShA // Khozyaystvo i pravo. 1998. № 4. S. 105.
10. Timoshenko I.G. Nalogovaya sluzhba v Velikobritanii // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. 1998. № 6.
11. Shepenko G.A. Uregulirovanie nalogovykh sporov v Indonezii // Vash nalogovyy advokat. Konsul'tatsii, reko-
mendatsii: novoe v nalogovom regulirovanii / pod red. S.G. Pepelyaeva. M., 2001. Vyp. 1(15). S. 122-139.
12. Kozyrin A.N. Nalogovoe pravo zarubezhnykh stran. Voprosy teorii i praktiki Manuskript, 1993. 112 s.
13. Tyutyuryukov N.N. Nalogovye sistemy zarubezhnykh stran: Evropa i SShA: ucheb. posobie. M.: Izdatel'sko-tor-
govaya korporatsiya «Dashkov i K», 2002. S.174.
14. Fomina O.A. Istochniki nalogovogo prava zarubezhnykh stran. M., 1996. S. 63-65.
15. Ault H.J. Tax Simplification From a Comparative Point of View // International Studies in Taxation: Law and
Economics. London, etc., 1999. P. 29-44.
16. Artem'eva Yu.A O yuridicheskoy otvetstvennosti nalogovykh organov / Voprosy rossiyskogo i mezhdunarodno-
go prava. 2012. №1. S. 143-145.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the research of the constitutional legal concept by Louis Brandeis — the outstanding American man of law, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He is considered as one of four greatest judges in XX century. L. Brandeis was possible to become successful in asserting the workers social and labor rights that directly have not been fixed in the United States Constitution. The “Brandeis Brief” became the essential contribution to USA procedural law. Brandeis was a supporter of the “Living Constitution” conception that is based on the idea of social changes, evolutions of the legal system and the Basic law.

Keywords: Louis Brandeis, constitutional legal concept, United States Supreme Court, social and labor rights, procedural law.

References:
1. Arkhipov V.V. Kontseptsiya prava Lona L. Fullera: avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. SPb., 2009.
2. Berlyavskiy L.G. Teorii konstitutsionnoy interpretatsii v SShA // Konstitutsionnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.
2011. № 10. S. 77-78.
3. Goldobina Z.I. Aktivizm i originalizm v deyatel'nosti Verkhovnogo suda SShA i amerikanskoy politiko-
pravovoy doktrine: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Ekaterinburg, 2007.
4. Machin I.F. Istoriya politicheskikh i pravovykh ucheniy. M., 2007.
5. Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki. Konstitutsiya i zakonodatel'nye akty / pod red. O.A. Zhidkova. M., 1993.
6. Khochoyan A.G. Osnovnye napravleniya pravoponimaniya v sovetskoy yuridicheskoy nauke 20-kh-30-kh gg. XX v.: avto-
ref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Saratov, 2009.
7. Berk G. Louis Brandeis and the Making of Regulated Competition, 1900-1932. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2009.
8. Urofsky M. Louis D. Brandeis: A Life. N.Y.: Pantheon, 2009; Urofsky M. Louis D. Brandeis: advocate before and on
the bench // Journal of Supreme Court History. 2005. № 30. P. 31-46.
9. Evans S., Scott J. Social Scientists as Expert Witnesses: Their Use, Misuse, and Sometimes Abuse // Law & Policy
Quarterly. 1983. №5(2). P. 181–214.
10. Keeping faith with the Sonstitution / Goodwin L., Karlan P., Schroeder C. N.Y., Wash., 2009.

References (transliteration):
1. Arkhipov V.V. Kontseptsiya prava Lona L. Fullera: avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. SPb., 2009.
2. Berlyavskiy L.G. Teorii konstitutsionnoy interpretatsii v SShA // Konstitutsionnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo.
2011. № 10. S. 77-78.
3. Goldobina Z.I. Aktivizm i originalizm v deyatel'nosti Verkhovnogo suda SShA i amerikanskoy politiko-
pravovoy doktrine: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Ekaterinburg, 2007.
4. Machin I.F. Istoriya politicheskikh i pravovykh ucheniy. M., 2007.
5. Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki. Konstitutsiya i zakonodatel'nye akty / pod red. O.A. Zhidkova. M., 1993.
6. Khochoyan A.G. Osnovnye napravleniya pravoponimaniya v sovetskoy yuridicheskoy nauke 20-kh-30-kh gg. XX v.: avto-
ref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Saratov, 2009.
7. Berk G. Louis Brandeis and the Making of Regulated Competition, 1900-1932. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2009.
8. Urofsky M. Louis D. Brandeis: A Life. N.Y.: Pantheon, 2009; Urofsky M. Louis D. Brandeis: advocate before and on
the bench // Journal of Supreme Court History. 2005. № 30. P. 31-46.
9. Evans S., Scott J. Social Scientists as Expert Witnesses: Their Use, Misuse, and Sometimes Abuse // Law & Policy
Quarterly. 1983. №5(2). P. 181–214.
10. Keeping faith with the Sonstitution / Goodwin L., Karlan P., Schroeder C. N.Y., Wash., 2009.

Abstract: The article investigates the general idea of the court and justice, forming in Europe and in Russia in the Middle Ages. The thesis about the significantly differed in form and content systems of ruling, legal regulation of social relations, the court of justice, the impact of which continues to remain relevant to the presen were objectively evolved in individualized Western Europe and community-patriarchal East Slavic Russia.

Keywords: comparative law, Middle Ages, medieval Europe, medieval Russia, the history of the court, judicial activism, the Western tradition Court, Eastern Slavic tradition of the court, the state court, judiciary.

References:
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1953. T. IX.
14. Iliya (Popov), svyashch., Ioann (Bereslavskiy), arkhiepiskop. Iosif Volotskiy: 500 let inkvizitsii v Rossii. M., 1997.
15. Ioann, arkhiepiskop. Solovetskaya Golgofa. Sokrytye stranitsy istorii Rossii. M., 2001.
16. Isaev I. A. Vlast' i zakon v kontekste irratsional'nogo. M., 2006.
17. Korkunov N.M. Lektsii po obshchey teorii prava. M., 1914.
18. Korolenko V.G. Sobranie sochineniy. T. 9. M., 1955.
19. Marks K., Engel's F. Sochineniya. T.1. M., 1968.
20. Miller O.F. Inkvizitorskie vozhdeleniya uchenogo // Zarya. Kn. 10. 1870.
21. Ol' P.A. Pravoponimanie Srednevekov'ya i Renessansa: dualizm bozhestvennogo i chelovecheskogo prava //
Istoriya gosudarstva i prava. 2004. №3.
22. Pakhalov M.Yu. Ritual'nost' i irratsional'nost' sudebnogo protsessa (Na materialakh sredneveko-voy Anglii) //
Gosudarstvo i pravo. 2007. № 6.
23. Pravoslavnyy sobesednik. 1910. Kn. 4.
24. Rulan N. Yuridicheskaya antropologiya. M., 2000.
25. Rybakov B.A. Voinstvuyushchie tserkovniki XVI v. // Antireligioznik. 1934. № 3, № 4.
26. Sus Ya. Filosofiya Renessansa // Istoriya filosofii v kratkom izlozhenii. M., 1991.
27. Khryakov A.V. Proiskhozhdenie srednevekovogo goroda: Razvitie otechestvennoy medievistiki v svete odnoy pro-
blemy. — [Sm.: http://www.omsu.omskreg.ru/histbook/articles/y1997/a076/article.shtml. — 11.10.2007].
28. Shalyapin S.O. Problema «russkoy inkvizitsii» v otechestvennoy istoriko-pravovoy nauke // Istoriya gosudar-
stva i prava. 2003. №4. S. 29-32.
29. Musson A. Medieval Law in Context. Manchester, 2001.

References (transliteration):
1. Anners E. Istoriya evropeyskogo prava. M., 1994.
2. Antonenko T.A. Religioznye normy i pravo // Yuridicheskiy vestnik. M., 1999. № 4.
3. Barsov N.I. Sushchestvovala li v Rossii inkvizitsiya? SPb., 1892.
4. Belinskiy V.G. Sochineniya. T. 10. M., 1955.
5. Blok M. Feodal'noe obshchestvo. M., 2003.
6. Borovoy D.D. Kanonicheskoe (tserkovnoe) pravo kak normativnaya sistema sotsial'no-pravovogo regu-lirova-
niya: avtoref. dis.. … kand. yurid. nauk. [12.00.01 — Teoriya i istoriya prava i gosudarstva; istoriya pra-vovykh
ucheniy]. Stavropol', 2004.
7. Glukhov V.A. Vliyanie kanonicheskogo prava na protsess stanovleniya i razvitiya institutov ugolov-nogo prava v
russkom gosudarstve X-XVII vv. // Zakon i pravo. M., 2008. № 3.
8. Gorchakov M.I. Inkvizitsiya vostochnoy tserkvi // Yuridicheskaya letopis'. 1891. № 12.
9. Grafskiy V.G. Traditsii i obnovlenie v prave: tsennostnoe izmerenie peremen // Problemy tsenno-stnogo pod-
khoda v prave: traditsii i obnovlenie. M., 1996.
10. Grekulov E.F. Iz istorii svyatoy inkvizitsii v Rossii. M., 1930.
11. Dzheroza L. Kanonicheskoe pravo v Katolicheskoy Tserkvi. M., 1996.
12. Dmitriev A.D. Inkvizitsiya v Rossii. M., 1937.
13. Zimin A.A. O politicheskoy doktrine Iosifa Volotskogo // Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoy literatu-ry. M.; L.,
1953. T. IX.
14. Iliya (Popov), svyashch., Ioann (Bereslavskiy), arkhiepiskop. Iosif Volotskiy: 500 let inkvizitsii v Rossii. M., 1997.
15. Ioann, arkhiepiskop. Solovetskaya Golgofa. Sokrytye stranitsy istorii Rossii. M., 2001.
16. Isaev I. A. Vlast' i zakon v kontekste irratsional'nogo. M., 2006.
17. Korkunov N.M. Lektsii po obshchey teorii prava. M., 1914.
18. Korolenko V.G. Sobranie sochineniy. T. 9. M., 1955.
19. Marks K., Engel's F. Sochineniya. T.1. M., 1968.
20. Miller O.F. Inkvizitorskie vozhdeleniya uchenogo // Zarya. Kn. 10. 1870.
21. Ol' P.A. Pravoponimanie Srednevekov'ya i Renessansa: dualizm bozhestvennogo i chelovecheskogo prava //
Istoriya gosudarstva i prava. 2004. №3.
22. Pakhalov M.Yu. Ritual'nost' i irratsional'nost' sudebnogo protsessa (Na materialakh sredneveko-voy Anglii) //
Gosudarstvo i pravo. 2007. № 6.
23. Pravoslavnyy sobesednik. 1910. Kn. 4.
24. Rulan N. Yuridicheskaya antropologiya. M., 2000.
25. Rybakov B.A. Voinstvuyushchie tserkovniki XVI v. // Antireligioznik. 1934. № 3, № 4.
26. Sus Ya. Filosofiya Renessansa // Istoriya filosofii v kratkom izlozhenii. M., 1991.
27. Khryakov A.V. Proiskhozhdenie srednevekovogo goroda: Razvitie otechestvennoy medievistiki v svete odnoy pro-
blemy. — [Sm.: http://www.omsu.omskreg.ru/histbook/articles/y1997/a076/article.shtml. — 11.10.2007].
28. Shalyapin S.O. Problema «russkoy inkvizitsii» v otechestvennoy istoriko-pravovoy nauke // Istoriya gosudar-
stva i prava. 2003. №4. S. 29-32.
29. Musson A. Medieval Law in Context. Manchester, 2001.

Abstract: The paper analyzes the application of computer and information technologies in foreign countries in order to achieve optimal organization of civil proceedings. The author shows that the provision of adequate informational courts, expanding the application of information technology in the judicial work, the development on this basis of modern and reliable software systems and systems contributes to the efficient administration of justice.

Keywords: information technologies, judiciary, judicial activities, civil proceedings.

References:
1. Branovitskiy K.L. Sudebnoe reshenie v elektronnoy forme (pravovoe regulirovanie v FRG) // Arbitrazhnyy
i grazhdanskiy protsess. 2010. № 4.
2. Gassen D. Notariusy i elektronnyy pravovoy oborot v Germanii // Ispol'zovanie novykh informatsionnykh
tekhnologiy v arbitrazhnom protsesse i pri osushchestvlenii notarial'noy deyatel'nosti. Materialy mezhduna-
rodnogo seminara ( 7-8 sentyabrya 2006 g., g. Ekaterinburg). Moskva, FRPK, 2007.
3. Branovitskiy K.L. Opyt elektronnogo pravosudiya v FRG: dostizheniya i problemy // Zakon. 2011. № 2.
4. Kudryavtseva E.V. Grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo Anglii. M., 2008.
5. Kudryavtseva E.V. Podgotovka del k sudebnomu razbiratel'stvu v Rossii i Anglii // Zakonodatel'stvo. 2008. № 11.
6. Maleshin D.Ya., Filatova M.A., Yarkov V.V. Tendentsii razvitiya sovremennogo grazhdanskogo protsessa // Vest-
nik Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda RF. 2008. № 11.
7. Prikhod'ko L. Zarubezhnyy opyt vnedreniya i ispol'zovaniya sistemy elektronnyy sud (e -court) // Gosudarstvo
i pravo, 2007.
8. Prokudina L.A., Sosil Dzh. S. Sistema upravleniya dvizheniem dela — faktor povysheniya effektivnosti ot-
pravleniya pravosudiya // Vestnik VAS RF. 2003. № 10. S. 160.
9. Reshetnyak V.I. Elektronnoe pravosudie v grazhdanskom protsesse Singapura // Rossiyskiy yuridicheskiy zhur-
nal. 2012. № 2.
10. Khietanen A. «Elektronnyy sud» i elektronnye pravovye kommunikatsii v Finlyandii //Ispol'zovanie novykh
informatsionnykh tekhnologiy v arbitrazhnom protsesse i pri osushchestvlenii notarial'noy deyatel'nosti. Ma-
terialy mezhdunarodnogo seminara. M.: FRPK, 2007.
11. Degen Th.A. Mahnen und Klagen per E-Mail — Rechtlicher Rahmen und digitale Kluft bei Justiz und Anwaltschaft.
NJW. 2008. S. 1473.
12. Scherf U.J., Schmieszek H.-P., Viefhues W. Elektronischer Rechts-verkehr. Heidelberg, 2006.
13. Kobler R. eJustice: Vom langen Weg in die digitale Zukunft der Justiz. NJW. 2006.
14. Malik, Walled Haider. Judiciary-Led Reforms in Singapore: framework, strategies and lessons. The World Bank, 2007.
15. Walker J., Watson G.D. New Technologies and the Civil Litigation Process. Common Law General Report. Osgoode
Hall Law School York University, Toronto (Canada).

References (transliteration):
1. Branovitskiy K.L. Sudebnoe reshenie v elektronnoy forme (pravovoe regulirovanie v FRG) // Arbitrazhnyy
i grazhdanskiy protsess. 2010. № 4.
2. Gassen D. Notariusy i elektronnyy pravovoy oborot v Germanii // Ispol'zovanie novykh informatsionnykh
tekhnologiy v arbitrazhnom protsesse i pri osushchestvlenii notarial'noy deyatel'nosti. Materialy mezhduna-
rodnogo seminara ( 7-8 sentyabrya 2006 g., g. Ekaterinburg). Moskva, FRPK, 2007.
3. Branovitskiy K.L. Opyt elektronnogo pravosudiya v FRG: dostizheniya i problemy // Zakon. 2011. № 2.
4. Kudryavtseva E.V. Grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo Anglii. M., 2008.
5. Kudryavtseva E.V. Podgotovka del k sudebnomu razbiratel'stvu v Rossii i Anglii // Zakonodatel'stvo. 2008. № 11.
6. Maleshin D.Ya., Filatova M.A., Yarkov V.V. Tendentsii razvitiya sovremennogo grazhdanskogo protsessa // Vest-
nik Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda RF. 2008. № 11.
7. Prikhod'ko L. Zarubezhnyy opyt vnedreniya i ispol'zovaniya sistemy elektronnyy sud (e -court) // Gosudarstvo
i pravo, 2007.
8. Prokudina L.A., Sosil Dzh. S. Sistema upravleniya dvizheniem dela — faktor povysheniya effektivnosti ot-
pravleniya pravosudiya // Vestnik VAS RF. 2003. № 10. S. 160.
9. Reshetnyak V.I. Elektronnoe pravosudie v grazhdanskom protsesse Singapura // Rossiyskiy yuridicheskiy zhur-
nal. 2012. № 2.
10. Khietanen A. «Elektronnyy sud» i elektronnye pravovye kommunikatsii v Finlyandii //Ispol'zovanie novykh
informatsionnykh tekhnologiy v arbitrazhnom protsesse i pri osushchestvlenii notarial'noy deyatel'nosti. Ma-
terialy mezhdunarodnogo seminara. M.: FRPK, 2007.
11. Degen Th.A. Mahnen und Klagen per E-Mail — Rechtlicher Rahmen und digitale Kluft bei Justiz und Anwaltschaft.
NJW. 2008. S. 1473.
12. Scherf U.J., Schmieszek H.-P., Viefhues W. Elektronischer Rechts-verkehr. Heidelberg, 2006.
13. Kobler R. eJustice: Vom langen Weg in die digitale Zukunft der Justiz. NJW. 2006.
14. Malik, Walled Haider. Judiciary-Led Reforms in Singapore: framework, strategies and lessons. The World Bank, 2007.
15. Walker J., Watson G.D. New Technologies and the Civil Litigation Process. Common Law General Report. Osgoode
Hall Law School York University, Toronto (Canada).

Abstract: The conducted comparative research of using of special knowledge a specialist (a technical witness or a fact witness) and an expert witness in criminal legal procedure of Bulgaria and Russia is present in the article. The considered rights and obligations of expert witnesses in criminal legal procedure of Bulgaria are analyzed by the authors.

Keywords: technical witness, fact witness, expert witness, forensic examination, court.

References:
1. Repeshko P.I. Sudebnaya ekspertiza v ugolovnom protsesse Respubliki Bolgariya [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL:
http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/ Soc_Gum/Tpsek/2010_10/Repeshko.pdf. (data obrashcheniya 23.03.2011).
2. Panokin A.M. Obespechenie prav lichnosti v ugolovno-protsessual'nom zakonodatel'stve Respubliki
Bolgarii: avtoref. diss. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2008. 27 s.
3. Bolgariya — Ugolovnoe pravo i ugolovnyy protsess [Elektronnyy re-surs]. URL: http://bulgarian.name/
pravovaya-sistema-bolgarii/pravovaya-sistema-bolgarii/ygolovnoe-pravo-i-ygolovnyi-process.html (data obrashche-
niya 23.03.2011).
4. Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Respubliki Bolgariya [Elektron-nyy resurs]. URL: http://www.onlinebg.ru/
mediawiki/index.php/Ugo-lovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Bolgarii (data obrashcheniya 23.04.2011).
5. Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks RF (prinyat GD FS RF 22.11.2001). [Elektronnyy resurs]. Dostup iz sprav.-
pravovoy sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus»
6. Federal'nyy zakon RF ot 31.05.2001 g. № 73-FZ «O gosudarstvennoy sudebno-ekspertnoy deyatel'nosti v
Rossiyskoy Federatsii» (prinyat GD FS RF 05.04.2001). [Elektronnyy resurs]. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoy
sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus».

References (transliteration):
1. Repeshko P.I. Sudebnaya ekspertiza v ugolovnom protsesse Respubliki Bolgariya [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL:
http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/ Soc_Gum/Tpsek/2010_10/Repeshko.pdf. (data obrashcheniya 23.03.2011).
2. Panokin A.M. Obespechenie prav lichnosti v ugolovno-protsessual'nom zakonodatel'stve Respubliki
Bolgarii: avtoref. diss. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2008. 27 s.
3. Bolgariya — Ugolovnoe pravo i ugolovnyy protsess [Elektronnyy re-surs]. URL: http://bulgarian.name/
pravovaya-sistema-bolgarii/pravovaya-sistema-bolgarii/ygolovnoe-pravo-i-ygolovnyi-process.html (data obrashche-
niya 23.03.2011).
4. Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Respubliki Bolgariya [Elektron-nyy resurs]. URL: http://www.onlinebg.ru/
mediawiki/index.php/Ugo-lovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Bolgarii (data obrashcheniya 23.04.2011).
5. Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks RF (prinyat GD FS RF 22.11.2001). [Elektronnyy resurs]. Dostup iz sprav.-
pravovoy sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus»
6. Federal'nyy zakon RF ot 31.05.2001 g. № 73-FZ «O gosudarstvennoy sudebno-ekspertnoy deyatel'nosti v
Rossiyskoy Federatsii» (prinyat GD FS RF 05.04.2001). [Elektronnyy resurs]. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoy
sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus».

Abstract: Article deals with regulation of conciliation and mediation procedures for civil and commercial disputes in Switzerland. The author analyses the respective provisions of the federal Code of Civil Procedure and those of the legislative acts of the Canton of Geneva and concludes that Swiss experience and achievements on the field of conciliation and mediation can be successfully used in Russia.

Keywords: Switzerland, mediation, conciliation procedure, proposal of judgment, Geneva

References:
1. Markus Sher, N.I. Gaydaenko Sher. Novyy grazhdansko-protsessual'nyy kodeks Shveytsarii. Chast' tret'ya. Tre-
teyskiy sud // Treteyskiy sud. 2012. № 2(80). s. 118-130.
2. Grazhdansko-protsessual'nyy kodeks Shveytsarii ot 19 dekabrya 2008 g. (ShGPK).
3. http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/ff/2009/21.pdf
4. Zakon kantona Zheneva ob administrativnom protsesse ot 12 sentyabrya 1985 g&, publikatsiya E 510, [Elektron-
nyy resurs], tekst na frantsuzskom yazyke URL: http://www.ge.ch/LEGISLATION/rsg/f/s/rsg_E5_10.html
5. Zakon kantona Zhenevy o vvedenii v deystvie shveytsarskogo ugolovnogo kodeksa i drugikh federal'nykh zakonov
po voprosam ugolovnogo prava, publikatsiya E 4 10, [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst na frantsuzskom yazyke URL:
http://www.ge.ch/legislation/rsg/f/s/rsg_e4_10.html
6. Zakon kantona Zhenevy ob organizatsii sudoproizvodstva ot 26 sentyabrya 2010 g., [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst
URL: http://www.ge.ch/legislation/rsg/f/rsg_e2_05.html
7. Zakonoproekt № 121844-6 «O vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federa-
tsii v svyazi s sovershenstvovaniem primiritel'nykh protsedur» [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst URL: http://arbitr.
ru/_upimg/9B63A77587407DE8E9C5F9ADC4BE6D72_proj_post_plenum12.pdf
8. Konstitutsiya Respubliki i kantona Zheneva, [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst na frantsuzskom yazyke URL: http://
www.ge.ch/legislation/rsg/f/s/rsg_a2_00.html
9. Luganskaya konventsiya po voprosam yurisdiktsii i prinuditel'nogo ispolneniya sudebnykh resheniy v otnoshenii
grazhdanskikh i kommercheskikh sporov (16 sentyabrya 1988 g.) // Vestnik Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda RF. — Spetsi-
al'noe prilozhenie. № 10, oktyabr' 2000 g. S. 29.
10. Ordonans Gosudarstvennogo soveta kantona Friburg ot 6 dekabrya 2010 g. o mediatsii po grazhdanskim, ugolov-
nym delam i po ugolovnym delam nesovershennoletnikh [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst na frantsuzskom yazyke
URL: http://bdlf.fr.ch/frontend/versions/209?locale=fr
11. Pravila mediatsii Shveytsarskoy palaty kommercheskoy mediatsii [Elektronnyy resurs] tekst na frantsuzskom
yazyke URL: http://www.skwm.ch/index-fr.php?page=168&frameset=2
12. Reglament o mediatorakh po grazhdanskim i ugolovnym delam ot 22 dekabrya 2004 g. (vstupil v silu s 1 yanvarya
2006 g.), publikatsiya E 2 05.06 [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst na frantsuzskom yazyke URL: http://www.geneve.ch/
legislation/rsg/f/s/rsg_E2_05p06.html
13. Sobranie postanovleniy Federal'nogo suda Shveytsarii ATF 131 III 182 P. 1359
14. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 1 iyunya 2012 g. № 761»O Natsional'noy strategii deystviy v interesakh detey na 2012-
2017 gody» / SZ RF. 4 iyunya 2012 g. № 23 st. 2994.
15. Shveytsarskiy kodeks deontologii advokata [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst na frantsuzskom yazyke URL: http://
www.sav-fsa.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/sav/Ueber%20uns/7229_Schweizerische_Standesregeln_F_22.06.2012.pdf

References (transliteration):
1. Markus Sher, N.I. Gaydaenko Sher. Novyy grazhdansko-protsessual'nyy kodeks Shveytsarii. Chast' tret'ya. Tre-
teyskiy sud // Treteyskiy sud. 2012. № 2(80). s. 118-130.
2. Grazhdansko-protsessual'nyy kodeks Shveytsarii ot 19 dekabrya 2008 g. (ShGPK).
3. http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/ff/2009/21.pdf
4. Zakon kantona Zheneva ob administrativnom protsesse ot 12 sentyabrya 1985 g&, publikatsiya E 510, [Elektron-
nyy resurs], tekst na frantsuzskom yazyke URL: http://www.ge.ch/LEGISLATION/rsg/f/s/rsg_E5_10.html
5. Zakon kantona Zhenevy o vvedenii v deystvie shveytsarskogo ugolovnogo kodeksa i drugikh federal'nykh zakonov
po voprosam ugolovnogo prava, publikatsiya E 4 10, [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst na frantsuzskom yazyke URL:
http://www.ge.ch/legislation/rsg/f/s/rsg_e4_10.html
6. Zakon kantona Zhenevy ob organizatsii sudoproizvodstva ot 26 sentyabrya 2010 g., [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst
URL: http://www.ge.ch/legislation/rsg/f/rsg_e2_05.html
7. Zakonoproekt № 121844-6 «O vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federa-
tsii v svyazi s sovershenstvovaniem primiritel'nykh protsedur» [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst URL: http://arbitr.
ru/_upimg/9B63A77587407DE8E9C5F9ADC4BE6D72_proj_post_plenum12.pdf
8. Konstitutsiya Respubliki i kantona Zheneva, [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst na frantsuzskom yazyke URL: http://
www.ge.ch/legislation/rsg/f/s/rsg_a2_00.html
9. Luganskaya konventsiya po voprosam yurisdiktsii i prinuditel'nogo ispolneniya sudebnykh resheniy v otnoshenii
grazhdanskikh i kommercheskikh sporov (16 sentyabrya 1988 g.) // Vestnik Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda RF. — Spetsi-
al'noe prilozhenie. № 10, oktyabr' 2000 g. S. 29.
10. Ordonans Gosudarstvennogo soveta kantona Friburg ot 6 dekabrya 2010 g. o mediatsii po grazhdanskim, ugolov-
nym delam i po ugolovnym delam nesovershennoletnikh [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst na frantsuzskom yazyke
URL: http://bdlf.fr.ch/frontend/versions/209?locale=fr
11. Pravila mediatsii Shveytsarskoy palaty kommercheskoy mediatsii [Elektronnyy resurs] tekst na frantsuzskom
yazyke URL: http://www.skwm.ch/index-fr.php?page=168&frameset=2
12. Reglament o mediatorakh po grazhdanskim i ugolovnym delam ot 22 dekabrya 2004 g. (vstupil v silu s 1 yanvarya
2006 g.), publikatsiya E 2 05.06 [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst na frantsuzskom yazyke URL: http://www.geneve.ch/
legislation/rsg/f/s/rsg_E2_05p06.html
13. Sobranie postanovleniy Federal'nogo suda Shveytsarii ATF 131 III 182 P. 1359
14. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 1 iyunya 2012 g. № 761»O Natsional'noy strategii deystviy v interesakh detey na 2012-
2017 gody» / SZ RF. 4 iyunya 2012 g. № 23 st. 2994.
15. Shveytsarskiy kodeks deontologii advokata [Elektronnyy resurs], tekst na frantsuzskom yazyke URL: http://
www.sav-fsa.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/sav/Ueber%20uns/7229_Schweizerische_Standesregeln_F_22.06.2012.pdf

References:
1. Konstitutsiya Respubliki Belarus' 1994 g. (s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami, prinyatymi na respublikanskikh
referendumakh 24 noyabrya 1996 g. i 17 oktyabrya 2004 g. // Natsional'nyy pravovoy Internet-portal Respubliki
Belarus'. http://www.pravo.by/main.aspx?guid=6351
2. Grazhdanskiy kodeks Respubliki Belarus' 7 dekabrya 1998 g. № 218-Z s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami na 3 iyulya
2011 goda //Natsional'nyy pravovoy Internet-portal Respubliki Belarus'. http://www.pravo.by/main.aspx?gu
id=3871&p0=HK9800218&p2=%7bNRPA%7d
3. Grazhdanskiy protsessual'nyy kodeks Respubliki Belarus' ot 11 yanvarya 1999 g. №238-3 s izmeneniyami i do-
polneniyami na 18 iyulya 2011 g. // Natsional'nyy pravovoy Internet-portal Respubliki Belarus' http://www.
pravo.by/main.aspx?guid=3871&p0=HK9900238&p2={NRPA}©2011
4. Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Belarus' ot 19 dekabrya 2008 g. № 10 «O praktike po-
stanovleniya sudami opravdatel'nykh prigovorov» //Ofitsial'nyy sayt Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Belarus'
http://supcourt.by/cgi-bin/index.cgi?vm=d&vr=post&vd=79&m1=2
5. Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Belarus' ot 23 dekabrya 1999 g. №15 «O praktike rassmo-
treniya sudami grazhdanskikh del o zashchite chesti, dostoinstva i delovoy reputatsii» //Ofitsial'nyy sayt Verkhov-
nogo Suda Respubliki Belarus'. http://www.supcourt.by/cgi-bin/index.cgi?vm=d&vr=post&vd=6&at=0&m1=2
6. Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Belarus' ot 22 dekabrya 2005 g. №13 «O praktike primene-
niya sudami zakonodatel'stva, reguliruyushchego kompensatsiyu moral'nogo vreda». Ofitsial'nyy sayt Verkhovnogo
Suda Respubliki Belarus' //http://www.supcourt.by/cgi-bin/index.cgi?vm=d&vr=post&vd=5&at=0&m1=2
7. Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Respubliki Belarus' ot 16 iyulya 1999 g. №295-Z s izmeneniyami i dopolne-
niyami na 18 iyulya 2011 goda //Natsional'nyy pravovoy Internet-portal Respubliki Belarus'. http://pravo.by/
main.aspx?guid=3871&p0=hk9900295&p2=%7bNRPA%7d©2011

References (transliteration):
1. Konstitutsiya Respubliki Belarus' 1994 g. (s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami, prinyatymi na respublikanskikh
referendumakh 24 noyabrya 1996 g. i 17 oktyabrya 2004 g. // Natsional'nyy pravovoy Internet-portal Respubliki
Belarus'. http://www.pravo.by/main.aspx?guid=6351
2. Grazhdanskiy kodeks Respubliki Belarus' 7 dekabrya 1998 g. № 218-Z s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami na 3 iyulya
2011 goda //Natsional'nyy pravovoy Internet-portal Respubliki Belarus'. http://www.pravo.by/main.aspx?gu
id=3871&p0=HK9800218&p2=%7bNRPA%7d
3. Grazhdanskiy protsessual'nyy kodeks Respubliki Belarus' ot 11 yanvarya 1999 g. №238-3 s izmeneniyami i do-
polneniyami na 18 iyulya 2011 g. // Natsional'nyy pravovoy Internet-portal Respubliki Belarus' http://www.
pravo.by/main.aspx?guid=3871&p0=HK9900238&p2={NRPA}©2011
4. Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Belarus' ot 19 dekabrya 2008 g. № 10 «O praktike po-
stanovleniya sudami opravdatel'nykh prigovorov» //Ofitsial'nyy sayt Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Belarus'
http://supcourt.by/cgi-bin/index.cgi?vm=d&vr=post&vd=79&m1=2
5. Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Belarus' ot 23 dekabrya 1999 g. №15 «O praktike rassmo-
treniya sudami grazhdanskikh del o zashchite chesti, dostoinstva i delovoy reputatsii» //Ofitsial'nyy sayt Verkhov-
nogo Suda Respubliki Belarus'. http://www.supcourt.by/cgi-bin/index.cgi?vm=d&vr=post&vd=6&at=0&m1=2
6. Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Belarus' ot 22 dekabrya 2005 g. №13 «O praktike primene-
niya sudami zakonodatel'stva, reguliruyushchego kompensatsiyu moral'nogo vreda». Ofitsial'nyy sayt Verkhovnogo
Suda Respubliki Belarus' //http://www.supcourt.by/cgi-bin/index.cgi?vm=d&vr=post&vd=5&at=0&m1=2
7. Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Respubliki Belarus' ot 16 iyulya 1999 g. №295-Z s izmeneniyami i dopolne-
niyami na 18 iyulya 2011 goda //Natsional'nyy pravovoy Internet-portal Respubliki Belarus'. http://pravo.by/
main.aspx?guid=3871&p0=hk9900295&p2=%7bNRPA%7d©2011

References:
Normativno-pravovye akty:
1. Ugolovnyy kodeks RF ot 13 iyunya 1996 g. № 63-FZ (v red. ot 28 iyulya 2012 g.) // SZ RF. 1996. № 25. st. 2954.
2. Federal'nyy zakon ot 12 avgusta 1995 g. № 144-FZ (v red. ot 10 iyulya 2012 g.) «Ob operativno-rozysknoy deya-
tel'nosti» (dalee — Zakon ob ORD) // Ros. gaz. 1995. 18 avgusta. № 160.
3. Ugolovnyy kodeks RSFSR ot 27 oktyabrya 1960 g. // Vedomosti VS RSFSR. 1960. № 40. st. 591.
4. Ugolovnyy kodeks RSFSR ot 22 noyabrya 1926 g. // SU RSFSR. 1926. № 80. st. 600.
5. Ugolovnyy kodeks RSFSR ot 1 iyunya 1922 g. // SU RSFSR. 1922. № 15. st. 153.
6. Rukovodyashchie nachala po ugolovnomu pravu RSFSR ot 12 dekabrya 1919 g. // SU RSFSR. 1919. № 66. st. 590.
7. Neobkhodimoe rukovodstvo dlya agentov Chrezvychaynykh Komissiy. Instruktsiya po bor'be so spekulyatsiey. M.:
LeksEst, 2001.
8. Instruktsiya chinam sysknykh otdeleniy. SPb., 1910.
9. Ugolovnoe Ulozhenie 1903 g. // Svod Zakonov Rossiyskoy Imperii. Tom XV. S.-Peterburg, 1912.
10. Ulozhenie o nakazaniyakh ugolovnykh i ispravitel'nykh 1845 g. // Svod Zakonov Rossiyskoy Imperii. Tom XV.
SPb, 1912.
11. Ustav Voinskiy ot 30 marta 1716 g. // Pamyatniki Russkogo prava v 8 vypuskakh. Vypusk 8: Zakonodatel'nye
akty Petra I. M., 1961.
12. Ukaz Petra I ot 21 fevralya 1697 g. «Ob otmene v sudnykh delakh ochnykh stavok, o bytii vmesto onykh rassprosu
i rozysku, o svidetelyakh, ob otvode, onykh, prisyage, o nakazanii lzhesvideteley i o poshlinnykh den'gakh» // Pa-
myatniki Russkogo prava v 8 vypuskakh. Vypusk 8: Zakonodatel'nye akty Petra I. M., 1961.
13. Sobornoe Ulozhenie 1649 g. Tekst i kommentarii. L., 1987.
14. Ugolovnyy kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan ot 16 iyulya 1997 g. №167-1 (v red. ot 28.06.2012 g. №24-V ZRK) // Do-
kument opublikovan ne byl. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoy sistemy «SoyuzPravoInform».
15. Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Respubliki Moldova ot ot 14 marta 2003 g. №122-XV (v red. ot 14.06.2012 g.
№134). Dokument opublikovan ne byl. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoy sistemy «SoyuzPravoInform».
16. Primernyy ugolovnyy kodeks (SShA). Ofitsial'nyy proekt Instituta amerikanskogo prava: Perevod s an-
gliyskogo / Pod red. B.S. Nikiforova (Predisl.); Per.: A.S. Nikiforov. M., 1969.
17. Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 // Legislation.gov.uk. [Sayt]. URL: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/
ukpga/2000/23/part/II.
18. Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 // Legislation.gov.uk. [Sayt]. URL: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/
all?title=Police%20and%20Criminal%20Evidence%20Act%201984.
Sudebnaya praktika:
1. Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 10 fevralya 2000 g. № 6 «O sudebnoy praktike po delam o vzya-
tochnichestve i kommercheskom podkupe» (v red. ot 22 maya 2012 g.) // Ros. gaz. 2000. 23 fevralya. № 38; Byulleten'
Verkhovnogo Suda RF. 2007. № 5; Byulleten' Verkhovnogo Suda RF. 2012. № 7.
2. Rigina v. Looseley [2001] UKHL 53 // www.parlament.uk [Sayt]. URL: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/
ld200102/ldjudgmt/jd011025/loose-1.htm.
3. Jacobson v. U.S., 503 U.S. 540 (1992): United States Reports. Vol. 503. P. 540 — 561 // Supreme Court of the United
States [Sayt]. URL: http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/boundvolumes/503bv.pdf.
Literatura:
1. Antselovich M. Poluchenie, dacha i provokatsiya vzyatki po UK redaktsii 1926 g. // Ezhenedel'nik sovetskoy yusti-
tsii. 1927. № 16.
2. Bernam U. Pravovaya sistema SShA. 3-y vypusk / Nauch. red. V.A. Vlasikhin. M., 2006.
3. Brilliantov A.V., Kosevich N.R. Nastol'naya kniga sud'i: prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya. M., 2008.
4. Volkov G.I. Vzyatkodatel'stvo pri provokatsii vzyatki // Vestnik sovetskoy yustitsii. 1926. № 10 (68).
5. Zil'bernshteyn N. Otvetstvennost' za dachu vzyatki pri provokatsii // Vestnik sovetskoy yustitsii. 1925.
№ 1 (35).
6. Kosunovich L. Provokatsiya // Vestnik politsii. 1909. № 32.
7. Ugolovnoe pravo. Osobennaya chast' / Pod obshch. red. I.T. Golyakova. M., 1943.
8. Radachinskiy S.N. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za provokatsiyu vzyatki libo kommercheskogo podkupa. M., Rostov-
na-Donu, 2003.
9. Stolypin P.A. Rech', proiznesennaya v Gosudarstvennoy Dume po delu Azefa // Vestnik politsii. 1909. № 8.
10. Tagantsev N.S. Russkoe ugolovnoe pravo. Lektsii. Chast' Obshchaya. T. I. Izd. vtoroe, peresmotrennoe i dopolnen-
noe. SPb, 1902.
11. Khabibullin M.Kh. Otvetstvennost' za zavedomo lozhnyy donos i zavedomo lozhnoe pokazanie po sovetskomu
ugolovnomu pravu. Kazan', 1975.
12. Khodos. Podlezhit li otvetstvennosti litso, sprovotsirovannoe na vzyatku? // Vestnik sovetskoy yustitsii. 1924.
№ 24 (34).
13. Shtam S.I. Sudebnik 1497 g.: Uchebnoe posobie po istorii gosudarstva i prava SSSR. M., 1955.
14. Estrin A.Ya. Razvitie sovetskoy ugolovnoy politiki. M., 1933.
15. Ashworth A. Re-drawing the Boundaries of Entrapment [2002] Criminal Law Review. Vol. 161.
16. Criminal Procedure / Joel Samaha. 7th Edition, 2008.
17. Criminal Procedure / Steven L. Emanuel. 28th, 2009.
18. Criminal Procedure. The Constitution and the Police / Robert M. Bloom, Mark S. Brodin. 6th Wolters Kluwer, 2010.
19. The Criminal Process / Andrew Ashwotth and Mike Redmayne. Third Edition. Oxford University Press, 2005.

References (transliteration):
Normativno-pravovye akty:
1. Ugolovnyy kodeks RF ot 13 iyunya 1996 g. № 63-FZ (v red. ot 28 iyulya 2012 g.) // SZ RF. 1996. № 25. st. 2954.
2. Federal'nyy zakon ot 12 avgusta 1995 g. № 144-FZ (v red. ot 10 iyulya 2012 g.) «Ob operativno-rozysknoy deya-
tel'nosti» (dalee — Zakon ob ORD) // Ros. gaz. 1995. 18 avgusta. № 160.
3. Ugolovnyy kodeks RSFSR ot 27 oktyabrya 1960 g. // Vedomosti VS RSFSR. 1960. № 40. st. 591.
4. Ugolovnyy kodeks RSFSR ot 22 noyabrya 1926 g. // SU RSFSR. 1926. № 80. st. 600.
5. Ugolovnyy kodeks RSFSR ot 1 iyunya 1922 g. // SU RSFSR. 1922. № 15. st. 153.
6. Rukovodyashchie nachala po ugolovnomu pravu RSFSR ot 12 dekabrya 1919 g. // SU RSFSR. 1919. № 66. st. 590.
7. Neobkhodimoe rukovodstvo dlya agentov Chrezvychaynykh Komissiy. Instruktsiya po bor'be so spekulyatsiey. M.:
LeksEst, 2001.
8. Instruktsiya chinam sysknykh otdeleniy. SPb., 1910.
9. Ugolovnoe Ulozhenie 1903 g. // Svod Zakonov Rossiyskoy Imperii. Tom XV. S.-Peterburg, 1912.
10. Ulozhenie o nakazaniyakh ugolovnykh i ispravitel'nykh 1845 g. // Svod Zakonov Rossiyskoy Imperii. Tom XV.
SPb, 1912.
11. Ustav Voinskiy ot 30 marta 1716 g. // Pamyatniki Russkogo prava v 8 vypuskakh. Vypusk 8: Zakonodatel'nye
akty Petra I. M., 1961.
12. Ukaz Petra I ot 21 fevralya 1697 g. «Ob otmene v sudnykh delakh ochnykh stavok, o bytii vmesto onykh rassprosu
i rozysku, o svidetelyakh, ob otvode, onykh, prisyage, o nakazanii lzhesvideteley i o poshlinnykh den'gakh» // Pa-
myatniki Russkogo prava v 8 vypuskakh. Vypusk 8: Zakonodatel'nye akty Petra I. M., 1961.
13. Sobornoe Ulozhenie 1649 g. Tekst i kommentarii. L., 1987.
14. Ugolovnyy kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan ot 16 iyulya 1997 g. №167-1 (v red. ot 28.06.2012 g. №24-V ZRK) // Do-
kument opublikovan ne byl. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoy sistemy «SoyuzPravoInform».
15. Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Respubliki Moldova ot ot 14 marta 2003 g. №122-XV (v red. ot 14.06.2012 g.
№134). Dokument opublikovan ne byl. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoy sistemy «SoyuzPravoInform».
16. Primernyy ugolovnyy kodeks (SShA). Ofitsial'nyy proekt Instituta amerikanskogo prava: Perevod s an-
gliyskogo / Pod red. B.S. Nikiforova (Predisl.); Per.: A.S. Nikiforov. M., 1969.
17. Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 // Legislation.gov.uk. [Sayt]. URL: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/
ukpga/2000/23/part/II.
18. Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 // Legislation.gov.uk. [Sayt]. URL: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/
all?title=Police%20and%20Criminal%20Evidence%20Act%201984.
Sudebnaya praktika:
1. Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 10 fevralya 2000 g. № 6 «O sudebnoy praktike po delam o vzya-
tochnichestve i kommercheskom podkupe» (v red. ot 22 maya 2012 g.) // Ros. gaz. 2000. 23 fevralya. № 38; Byulleten'
Verkhovnogo Suda RF. 2007. № 5; Byulleten' Verkhovnogo Suda RF. 2012. № 7.
2. Rigina v. Looseley [2001] UKHL 53 // www.parlament.uk [Sayt]. URL: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/
ld200102/ldjudgmt/jd011025/loose-1.htm.
3. Jacobson v. U.S., 503 U.S. 540 (1992): United States Reports. Vol. 503. P. 540 — 561 // Supreme Court of the United
States [Sayt]. URL: http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/boundvolumes/503bv.pdf.
Literatura:
1. Antselovich M. Poluchenie, dacha i provokatsiya vzyatki po UK redaktsii 1926 g. // Ezhenedel'nik sovetskoy yusti-
tsii. 1927. № 16.
2. Bernam U. Pravovaya sistema SShA. 3-y vypusk / Nauch. red. V.A. Vlasikhin. M., 2006.
3. Brilliantov A.V., Kosevich N.R. Nastol'naya kniga sud'i: prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya. M., 2008.
4. Volkov G.I. Vzyatkodatel'stvo pri provokatsii vzyatki // Vestnik sovetskoy yustitsii. 1926. № 10 (68).
5. Zil'bernshteyn N. Otvetstvennost' za dachu vzyatki pri provokatsii // Vestnik sovetskoy yustitsii. 1925.
№ 1 (35).
6. Kosunovich L. Provokatsiya // Vestnik politsii. 1909. № 32.
7. Ugolovnoe pravo. Osobennaya chast' / Pod obshch. red. I.T. Golyakova. M., 1943.
8. Radachinskiy S.N. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za provokatsiyu vzyatki libo kommercheskogo podkupa. M., Rostov-
na-Donu, 2003.
9. Stolypin P.A. Rech', proiznesennaya v Gosudarstvennoy Dume po delu Azefa // Vestnik politsii. 1909. № 8.
10. Tagantsev N.S. Russkoe ugolovnoe pravo. Lektsii. Chast' Obshchaya. T. I. Izd. vtoroe, peresmotrennoe i dopolnen-
noe. SPb, 1902.
11. Khabibullin M.Kh. Otvetstvennost' za zavedomo lozhnyy donos i zavedomo lozhnoe pokazanie po sovetskomu
ugolovnomu pravu. Kazan', 1975.
12. Khodos. Podlezhit li otvetstvennosti litso, sprovotsirovannoe na vzyatku? // Vestnik sovetskoy yustitsii. 1924.
№ 24 (34).
13. Shtam S.I. Sudebnik 1497 g.: Uchebnoe posobie po istorii gosudarstva i prava SSSR. M., 1955.
14. Estrin A.Ya. Razvitie sovetskoy ugolovnoy politiki. M., 1933.
15. Ashworth A. Re-drawing the Boundaries of Entrapment [2002] Criminal Law Review. Vol. 161.
16. Criminal Procedure / Joel Samaha. 7th Edition, 2008.
17. Criminal Procedure / Steven L. Emanuel. 28th, 2009.
18. Criminal Procedure. The Constitution and the Police / Robert M. Bloom, Mark S. Brodin. 6th Wolters Kluwer, 2010.
19. The Criminal Process / Andrew Ashwotth and Mike Redmayne. Third Edition. Oxford University Press, 2005.

Abstract: Article is devoted the comparative analysis of realization of a principle of protection of the rights and freedom of the person and the citizen in the Romano–German and English–Saxon legal system. Within the limits of article the regulatory legal acts regulating an order of protection of the rights of participants of criminal legal proceedings are considered. The programs accepted and realized in foreign countries concerning protection of the rights of participants of criminal legal proceedings are resulted.

Keywords: Legal system, criminal trial, protection, protection, human rights, safety, the mechanism, penitentiary, a victim, a crime

Contact information: Nafikova Gulnara Aydarovna, ruslanaQ@yandex.ru

Abstract: The article deals with a special category of sanctions in Islamic criminal law. They are called hudud and are imposed for a limited number of crimes mentioned in the Quran and/or Sunna. Islamic law teaches that the crimes punishable by these sanctions infringe the laws and rights of Allah.

Keywords: Islam, sharia, punishment, sanction, stoning, theft, adultery, caning, robbery

Contact information: Artemov Vladislav Urievich, vladislav.artemov@gmail.com

Abstract: There are specific traits of enforcement proceedings facilitation in different foreign countries with the purpose of comparative analysis is considered in the article. The author has generated general criteria for enforcement practice systems classification. While considering the questions of organizing the judicial acts and other acts of governmental institutions execution in the countries, where the law may be of different legal frameworks, it makes sense to classify systems of enforcement proceedings as centralized and decentralized. Researching of the foreign enforcement systems the author suggests considering the specifications of functional specializations of bailiffs (enforcement institutions) and determining centralization and decentralization proportion at structural and functional level and at the level of legal regulation of enforcement proceedings.

Keywords: enforcement proceedings system, bailiff, judicial act, foreign experience of enforcement proceedings, bailiffs’ powers, enforcement units, public legal functions, enforcement arrangement, private enforcement officer

Contact information: Seleznev V.A., staffssp@yandex.ru