Review: Human Rights protection function is the privileged sector in the functioning of the modern state, based on the modern legislative framework, which reflects the objective laws of the development of the society, and the external factors, which define its strategic development. The human rights protection function of the modern state is, first of all, the activity of the state on the protection of the rights and freedoms of the human being and citizen, the strengthening of the rule of law in all spheres of public and political life. The aspects of the transformation of the content of human rights protection function of the modern state are considered in the article Special attention is paid to the realisation of the human rights function of the modern state in the context of the legal reforms. The formation of the human rights protection system of the modern state in general, and the institute of advocacy in particular, is the complicated process. Declaration of independence of Ukraine has launched the reforming of out-of-date model of advocacy of the Soviet period. The adoption of the law «On Advocacy and Legal Practice» reflects the aspirations of the Ukrainian state and a society, which are directed to the democratisation of all spheres of life of citizens. The consideration of the process of the transformation of Ukrainian legal system within the last year’s period is of the special importance. The active role in these processes is played by the advocacy institute, as the major part of the Ukrainian human rights protection system, which basic function lies in the securing of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens of Ukraine, foreign citizens, persons without citizenship, legal bodies, including the rendering of the other qualified legal support to them.

Keywords: modern state, the functions of the modern state, transformation, human rights function of the modern state, the protection of human rights and freedoms.

References:
1. Konstitutsiya Ukrainy prinyata 28 iyunya 1996 goda» – [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa k dokumentu:
http://meget.kiev.ua/zakon/konstitutsia-ukraini/
2. Zakon Ukrainy «Ob ispolnenii resheniy i primenenii praktiki Evropeyskogo suda po pravam chelove-
ka» – [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa k dokumentu: http://kvs.zp.ua/sc/index.php/zakonodavstvo/
zakonukraine/9-zakon1
3. Bіloskurs'ka O. Utverdzhennya ta zabezpechennya prav і svobod lyudini – golovniy obov’yazok derzhavi /
O. Bіloskurs'ka // Nashe pravo. – №7. – 2011.
4. Kivalov S.V. Effektivnost' Evropeyskoy konventsii po pravam cheloveka v bol'shoy stepeni za-
visit ot chetkoy i produktivnoy raboty Evropeyskogo suda po pravam cheloveka [Elektronnyy
resurs] / S. V. Kivalov. – Rezhim dostupa k dokumentu: http://www.partyofregions.org.ua/news/
blog/4fe303a163eac59348000203
5. Kozyubra N.I. Prava cheloveka i verkhovenstvo prava // Pravo Ukrainy. – 2011. – № 5–6. – S. 11–16.
6. Kolesnichenko V. Zashchita prav cheloveka – glavnaya natsional'naya ideya Ukrainy / V. Kolesnichenko // Poslezav-
tra. Internet-gazeta.–6 Fev, 2012. – [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa k dokumentu: http://poslezavtra.
com.ua/zashhita-prav-cheloveka-glavnaya-nacionalnaya-ideya-ukrainy/
7. Kravchenko V.V. Konstitutsіyne pravo Ukraїni: Navchal'niy posіbnik.- Vid. 3-tє, vipravl. ta dopovn. /
V. V. Kravchenko. – K.: Atіka, 2004–512 s. – [Elektronniy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupu do dokumenta: http://radnuk.
info/pidrychnuku/konst/513-kravchenko/11524--iv-------–1----------.html
8. Lavrinovich A.V. Evropeyskaya Konventsiya po pravam cheloveka – nadezhnyy putevoditel' gumanisticheskogo
razvitiya Ukrainy // Pravo Ukrainy. – 2011. – № 5–6. – S. 80–86.
9. Rabinovich P.M. Osnovopolozhnye prava cheloveka: sotsial'no-antropnaya sushchnost', klassifikatsiya // Pravo
Ukrainy. – 2011. – № 5–6. – S. 4–10.

References (transliteration):
1. Konstitutsiya Ukrainy prinyata 28 iyunya 1996 goda» – [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa k dokumentu:
http://meget.kiev.ua/zakon/konstitutsia-ukraini/
2. Zakon Ukrainy «Ob ispolnenii resheniy i primenenii praktiki Evropeyskogo suda po pravam chelove-
ka» – [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa k dokumentu: http://kvs.zp.ua/sc/index.php/zakonodavstvo/
zakonukraine/9-zakon1
3. Bіloskurs'ka O. Utverdzhennya ta zabezpechennya prav і svobod lyudini – golovniy obov’yazok derzhavi /
O. Bіloskurs'ka // Nashe pravo. – №7. – 2011.
4. Kivalov S.V. Effektivnost' Evropeyskoy konventsii po pravam cheloveka v bol'shoy stepeni za-
visit ot chetkoy i produktivnoy raboty Evropeyskogo suda po pravam cheloveka [Elektronnyy
resurs] / S. V. Kivalov. – Rezhim dostupa k dokumentu: http://www.partyofregions.org.ua/news/
blog/4fe303a163eac59348000203
5. Kozyubra N.I. Prava cheloveka i verkhovenstvo prava // Pravo Ukrainy. – 2011. – № 5–6. – S. 11–16.
6. Kolesnichenko V. Zashchita prav cheloveka – glavnaya natsional'naya ideya Ukrainy / V. Kolesnichenko // Poslezav-
tra. Internet-gazeta.–6 Fev, 2012. – [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa k dokumentu: http://poslezavtra.
com.ua/zashhita-prav-cheloveka-glavnaya-nacionalnaya-ideya-ukrainy/
7. Kravchenko V.V. Konstitutsіyne pravo Ukraїni: Navchal'niy posіbnik.- Vid. 3-tє, vipravl. ta dopovn. /
V. V. Kravchenko. – K.: Atіka, 2004–512 s. – [Elektronniy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupu do dokumenta: http://radnuk.
info/pidrychnuku/konst/513-kravchenko/11524--iv-------–1----------.html
8. Lavrinovich A.V. Evropeyskaya Konventsiya po pravam cheloveka – nadezhnyy putevoditel' gumanisticheskogo
razvitiya Ukrainy // Pravo Ukrainy. – 2011. – № 5–6. – S. 80–86.
9. Rabinovich P.M. Osnovopolozhnye prava cheloveka: sotsial'no-antropnaya sushchnost', klassifikatsiya // Pravo
Ukrainy. – 2011. – № 5–6. – S. 4–10.

Review: This paper is concerned with issues of foreign states experience in the field of legal regulation of institutes of open government and foreign practice of its implementation in context of public government modernization, development of citizens’ right to information and participation in public government. Historic and comparative methods are used in the process of study. In particular evolution and contemporary substance of open government regulation approaches abroad are examined on the basis of comparative analysis of foreign countries legislation and practice as well as international recommendations. Positive and negative experience of open government concept implementation abroad is discussed. Special attention is given to consideration of electronic government and forms of its functioning in public government bodies’ activities in foreign countries. The analysis of legislative basis and practical experience of implementation of open government in foreign countries makes it clear that, in spite of some progress in this sphere, substantial quantity of states are faced to some legal, organizational and financial problems. These problems are connected with the practical difficulties in achieving the balance between traditional requirements of due public administration and contemporary requirements of providing of its openness. Advanced information technologies inculcation, while facilitating realization of openness, makes new problems, arising from necessity of protection of different kinds of information including personal data. Correct solution of these issues should be based on modernization of information legislation, systems of public control over executive bodies and development of other tools of public government democratization. This goal may be achieved on the base of balanced approach, making it possible to combine advantages of information openness with obligations of providing security of government bodies’ activities as well as protection of citizens’ rights in this process. Taking into account these reasons the author makes conclusion as to necessity of careful approach to possible application of some elements of foreign experience by Russian public bodies and officials.

Keywords: open government, e-government, regulation, national, legislation, information, internet – technology, democracy.

References:
1. Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan «Ob informatizatsii» // www.rcc.org.ru/.../Zakoni.../ZAKONI.../2_ZRKAZ_217_III_
ZRK_Zakon_Ob_Informatizatsii.doc
2. Khramtsovskaya N.A. Otkrytoe pravitel'stvo SShA: osnovnye idei i praktika realizatsii. Informatsionnye
sistemy dlya nauchnykh issledovaniy. Sbornik nauchnykh statey. Trudy XV Vserossiyskoy ob'edinennoy konfe-
rentsii «Internet i sovremennoe obshchestvo» (IMS–2012). SPb. 2012. S. 316–322.
3. E-Government Act 2002 // Pub.L. 107–347, 116Stat.2899, 44 U.S.C. §101, H.R. 2458/S. 803.
4. Austria Federal Act on Provisions Facilitating Electronic Communications with Public Bodies 2002 (Bundesgesetz
über Regelungen zur Erleichterung des elektronischen Verkehrs mit öffentlichen Stellen, E-Government-Gesetz –
E-GovG) Austrian Federal Law Gazette, part I, Nr. 10/2004.
5. Malaysia Electronic Government Activity Act 2007 – Mampu Malaysia // www.mampu.gov.my/.../22b3e97b-
6. Macedonia Law on Electronic Management 2009. Official Gazette of RM № 105.21.08.2009.
7. Germany Electronic Government Act 2013 // www.bmi.bund.de
8. Republic of Korea. Electronic Government Act. Act No. 6439, Mar. 28, 2001. Amended by Act No. 6585, Dec. 31,
2001. Act No. 6871, May 15, 2003.
9. E-Government Act of 2002 /Public Law 107–347, 116 Stat.2899, 44 U.S.C. § 101, H.R. 2458/S. 803.
10. The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996 (E-FOIA The Freedom of Information Act 5 U.S.C.
§ 552, As Amended vy Public Law No. 104–231, 110 Stat. 3048.
11. The Freedom of Information Act 1966 (FOIA) 5 U.S.C. §552.
12. Privacy Act 1974. Public Law 93–579. Stat. 1896 5 U.S.C. Ch.5/552a.
13. Open Government Declaration // http://www.opengovpartnership.org/about/open-government-declaration
14. Government 2.0: Gartner Definition // Gartner, Industry Research, 11 November 2009, ID Number:G00172423.
URL:http://my.gartner.com/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=260&mode=2&PageID=3460702&id=1224639&ref
=g_emalert
15. Maio A.D. Government 2.0. What is Open Government For? Gartner Blog Network/March 19.2010.
16. Public Law 94–409, 90 Stat.1241, enacted September 13, 1976, 5 U.S.C. §552b.
17. Rodney A. Smolla, Free Speech in an Open Society.Knopf 1992. R. 115.
18. We: the People. Your voice in our Government. http:www://petitions.whitehouse.gov/google.ru/
search?q=portal+we+the+people 14. Freedom of Information Act 1966 /5 U.S.C. §552.
19. http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2643919

References (transliteration):
1. Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan «Ob informatizatsii» // www.rcc.org.ru/.../Zakoni.../ZAKONI.../2_ZRKAZ_217_III_
ZRK_Zakon_Ob_Informatizatsii.doc
2. Khramtsovskaya N.A. Otkrytoe pravitel'stvo SShA: osnovnye idei i praktika realizatsii. Informatsionnye
sistemy dlya nauchnykh issledovaniy. Sbornik nauchnykh statey. Trudy XV Vserossiyskoy ob'edinennoy konfe-
rentsii «Internet i sovremennoe obshchestvo» (IMS–2012). SPb. 2012. S. 316–322.
3. E-Government Act 2002 // Pub.L. 107–347, 116Stat.2899, 44 U.S.C. §101, H.R. 2458/S. 803.
4. Austria Federal Act on Provisions Facilitating Electronic Communications with Public Bodies 2002 (Bundesgesetz
über Regelungen zur Erleichterung des elektronischen Verkehrs mit öffentlichen Stellen, E-Government-Gesetz –
E-GovG) Austrian Federal Law Gazette, part I, Nr. 10/2004.
5. Malaysia Electronic Government Activity Act 2007 – Mampu Malaysia // www.mampu.gov.my/.../22b3e97b-
6. Macedonia Law on Electronic Management 2009. Official Gazette of RM № 105.21.08.2009.
7. Germany Electronic Government Act 2013 // www.bmi.bund.de
8. Republic of Korea. Electronic Government Act. Act No. 6439, Mar. 28, 2001. Amended by Act No. 6585, Dec. 31,
2001. Act No. 6871, May 15, 2003.
9. E-Government Act of 2002 /Public Law 107–347, 116 Stat.2899, 44 U.S.C. § 101, H.R. 2458/S. 803.
10. The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996 (E-FOIA The Freedom of Information Act 5 U.S.C.
§ 552, As Amended vy Public Law No. 104–231, 110 Stat. 3048.
11. The Freedom of Information Act 1966 (FOIA) 5 U.S.C. §552.
12. Privacy Act 1974. Public Law 93–579. Stat. 1896 5 U.S.C. Ch.5/552a.
13. Open Government Declaration // http://www.opengovpartnership.org/about/open-government-declaration
14. Government 2.0: Gartner Definition // Gartner, Industry Research, 11 November 2009, ID Number:G00172423.
URL:http://my.gartner.com/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=260&mode=2&PageID=3460702&id=1224639&ref
=g_emalert
15. Maio A.D. Government 2.0. What is Open Government For? Gartner Blog Network/March 19.2010.
16. Public Law 94–409, 90 Stat.1241, enacted September 13, 1976, 5 U.S.C. §552b.
17. Rodney A. Smolla, Free Speech in an Open Society.Knopf 1992. R. 115.
18. We: the People. Your voice in our Government. http:www://petitions.whitehouse.gov/google.ru/
search?q=portal+we+the+people 14. Freedom of Information Act 1966 /5 U.S.C. §552.
19. http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2643919

Review: In this article, based on example of France, control is inspected as a system element of public authority in its core – the bodies constituting the state. Public control has other dimensions within the organization and functioning of executive branch, as well as the relationship «controller – controlled». But this hopefully, will make subject to the following publications.

Keywords: constitution, power, control, president, parliament, government, differentiation of powers, people’s sovereignty, constitutional control, parliamentary control, the Constitutional Council, the State Council.

References:
1. Danilevskiy N.Ya. Rossiya i Evropa. SPb. 1995.
2. Dyuverzhe M. Politicheskie partii. M. 2000.
3. Chirkin V.E. Konstitutsiya: rossiyskaya model'. M.: Yurist', 2004.
4. Chirkin V.E. Kontrol'naya vlast' // Gosudarstvo i pravo. 1993. № 4.
5. De l’esprit des lois par Montesquieu. Paris. 1871.
6. F-P/ Benoit. . Montesquieu insperateur des Jacobins. La theorie de la «bonne democratie»// R.D.P., 1995. № 1.
7. Loschak D. Le Conseil constitutionnel : protecteur des libertes ? // «Pouvoirs». Paris. 1980. № 3.
8. Anne-Laure VALEMBOIS. La constitutionnalisation de l'exigence de sécurité juridique en droit français //Cahiers du
Conseil constitutionnel n° 17, mars 2005.
9. Conseil constutionnel. Décision № 2005-530 DC du 29 décembre 2005.
10. Loi № 99-585 du 12 juillet 1999 rendant a creation de delegations parlementaires aux droits des femmes et a legalite
des chances entre les hommes et les femmes. // Journal officiel, 13 juillet 1999, p 10360.
11. LOI № 2007-1443 du 9 octobre 2007 portant création d'une délégation parlementaire au renseignement// Journal
officiel, 10 octobre 2007, p. 16558.

References (transliteration):
1. Danilevskiy N.Ya. Rossiya i Evropa. SPb. 1995.
2. Dyuverzhe M. Politicheskie partii. M. 2000.
3. Chirkin V.E. Konstitutsiya: rossiyskaya model'. M.: Yurist', 2004.
4. Chirkin V.E. Kontrol'naya vlast' // Gosudarstvo i pravo. 1993. № 4.
5. De l’esprit des lois par Montesquieu. Paris. 1871.
6. F-P/ Benoit. . Montesquieu insperateur des Jacobins. La theorie de la «bonne democratie»// R.D.P., 1995. № 1.
7. Loschak D. Le Conseil constitutionnel : protecteur des libertes ? // «Pouvoirs». Paris. 1980. № 3.
8. Anne-Laure VALEMBOIS. La constitutionnalisation de l'exigence de sécurité juridique en droit français //Cahiers du
Conseil constitutionnel n° 17, mars 2005.
9. Conseil constutionnel. Décision № 2005-530 DC du 29 décembre 2005.
10. Loi № 99-585 du 12 juillet 1999 rendant a creation de delegations parlementaires aux droits des femmes et a legalite
des chances entre les hommes et les femmes. // Journal officiel, 13 juillet 1999, p 10360.
11. LOI № 2007-1443 du 9 octobre 2007 portant création d'une délégation parlementaire au renseignement// Journal
officiel, 10 octobre 2007, p. 16558.

Review: The article analyzes the transformation of approaches to territorial planning in Lithuania and Ukraine over the last twenty years. The main accent is made on legal regulation of methods and problems of territorial planning which were changed in new socio-economic conditions of both countries. To ensure the sustainable development of territories in the natural, social, technological, economic environment, it is important to find and secure such approach to development which will ensure the quality of life and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The article provides a comparative analysis of the planning documentation in Lithuania and Ukraine over the last 20 years, although the basis of territorial planning in both countries were based on an integrated approach of urban planning school of the Soviet period. Since 1991 each country develops new strategy of territorial planning of in the conditions of new economic categories and a political orientation of development.

Keywords: territorial planning, designing, the town-planning documentation, the general layout, the detailed plan, transformation, levels of territorial planning, local (municipal) level, public hearings, publicity.

References:
1. An Agenda 21 for the Baltic Sea region- Baltic 21 series, No1/98. 34 p.
2. Burinskiene, M., Rudzkiene, V. 2003. Multiple Regression Analysis for Recognition of Significant Factors for
Sustainable Development strategies. International Journal of Strategic Property Management. Vol.7, No3, 144–153.
3. Burinskienė, M.; Rudzkienė, V. 2004. Comparison of spatial–temporal regional development and sustainable
development strategy in Lithuania, International Journal of Strategic Property Management (8)3: 163–176.
4. Burinskienė, M.; Rudzkienė, V. 2007. Assessment of sustainable development in transition, Ekologija 53 (Supplement):
27–33.
5. Danilov –Danil'yan V.I., Losev K.S. Ekologicheskiy vyzov i ustoychivoe razvitie. Moskva, Izd. «Progress». –
416 c.
6. Kavaliauskas, P. 2008. Concept of sustainable development for regional land use planning: Lithuania experience,
Technological and Economic Development of Economy 14(1): 29–37.
7. Lietuvos Respublikos Teritorijų planavimo Įstatymas.1995 m. gruodžio 1 d. Nr. I-1120.
8. Lietuvos Respublikos Teritorijų planavimo įstatymo pakeitimo įstatymas. 2013 m. birželio 27 d. Nr. XII-407, Vilnius.
9. Viteikienė, M., Zavadskas, E. K. 2007. Evaluating the sustainability of Vilnius city residential areas // Journal of Civil
Engineering and Management 13(2) P. 149–155.
10. Petrakovs'ka O.S. Upravlіnnya zemel'nimi resursami. Tom 4. Ekologіchne, planuval'ne ta budіvel'ne pravo. –
TEMPUS – IV: UNITEKh, 2012. – 360 s.
11. Pro General'nu skhemu planuvannya teritorії Ukraїni. Zakon Ukraїni N 3059-III, 2002
12. Pro Kontseptsіyu stalogo rozvitku naselenikh punktіv. Postanova Verkhovnoї radi Ukraїni № N 1359-XIV,1999
13. Pro osnovi mіstobuduvannya. Zakon Ukraїni № 2780-KhІІ, 1992
14. Pro regulyuvannya mіstobudіvnoї dіyal'nostі. Zakon Ukraїni № 3038-VI, 2011.
15. Pro sklad ta zmіst planu zonuvannya teritorіy (zonіng). DSTU-N B B.1.1-12:2011.
16. Sklad ta zmіst general'nogo planu naselenogo punktu. DBN B.1.1-15:2012.
17. Sklad ta zmіst detal'nogo planu teritorіy. DBN B.1.1-14:2012.
18. Sklad ta zmіst mіstobudіvnoї dokumentatsії na derzhavnomu ta regіonal'nomu rіvnyakh. DBN B.1.1-13:2012.

References (transliteration):
1. An Agenda 21 for the Baltic Sea region- Baltic 21 series, No1/98. 34 p.
2. Burinskiene, M., Rudzkiene, V. 2003. Multiple Regression Analysis for Recognition of Significant Factors for
Sustainable Development strategies. International Journal of Strategic Property Management. Vol.7, No3, 144–153.
3. Burinskienė, M.; Rudzkienė, V. 2004. Comparison of spatial–temporal regional development and sustainable
development strategy in Lithuania, International Journal of Strategic Property Management (8)3: 163–176.
4. Burinskienė, M.; Rudzkienė, V. 2007. Assessment of sustainable development in transition, Ekologija 53 (Supplement):
27–33.
5. Danilov –Danil'yan V.I., Losev K.S. Ekologicheskiy vyzov i ustoychivoe razvitie. Moskva, Izd. «Progress». –
416 c.
6. Kavaliauskas, P. 2008. Concept of sustainable development for regional land use planning: Lithuania experience,
Technological and Economic Development of Economy 14(1): 29–37.
7. Lietuvos Respublikos Teritorijų planavimo Įstatymas.1995 m. gruodžio 1 d. Nr. I-1120.
8. Lietuvos Respublikos Teritorijų planavimo įstatymo pakeitimo įstatymas. 2013 m. birželio 27 d. Nr. XII-407, Vilnius.
9. Viteikienė, M., Zavadskas, E. K. 2007. Evaluating the sustainability of Vilnius city residential areas // Journal of Civil
Engineering and Management 13(2) P. 149–155.
10. Petrakovs'ka O.S. Upravlіnnya zemel'nimi resursami. Tom 4. Ekologіchne, planuval'ne ta budіvel'ne pravo. –
TEMPUS – IV: UNITEKh, 2012. – 360 s.
11. Pro General'nu skhemu planuvannya teritorії Ukraїni. Zakon Ukraїni N 3059-III, 2002
12. Pro Kontseptsіyu stalogo rozvitku naselenikh punktіv. Postanova Verkhovnoї radi Ukraїni № N 1359-XIV,1999
13. Pro osnovi mіstobuduvannya. Zakon Ukraїni № 2780-KhІІ, 1992
14. Pro regulyuvannya mіstobudіvnoї dіyal'nostі. Zakon Ukraїni № 3038-VI, 2011.
15. Pro sklad ta zmіst planu zonuvannya teritorіy (zonіng). DSTU-N B B.1.1-12:2011.
16. Sklad ta zmіst general'nogo planu naselenogo punktu. DBN B.1.1-15:2012.
17. Sklad ta zmіst detal'nogo planu teritorіy. DBN B.1.1-14:2012.
18. Sklad ta zmіst mіstobudіvnoї dokumentatsії na derzhavnomu ta regіonal'nomu rіvnyakh. DBN B.1.1-13:2012.

Review: The article discusses the current trends of separation of powers between the state authorities of the Russian Federation, bodies of state power of subjects of the Russian Federation and local authorities. The assessment of established criteria, methods, principles and mechanisms of distribution of powers which are embodiment in the federal practice. Attempts to identify the challenges to prevent further development of federation in the implementation of federal governance are given.

Keywords: federation, subjects of the Russian Federation, public authorities, the delineation of powers, the principle of subsidiarity, centralization, decentralization, legislation.

References:
1. Mick C. Probleme des Foederalismus in Russland // Osteuropa. 1994. № 44. Heft 7. S. 620.
2. Andrichenko L.V., Postnikov A.E. Problemy razgranicheniya zakonodatel'nykh polnomochiy v sfere zashchity is-
konnoy sredy obitaniya i traditsionnogo obraza zhizni korennykh malochislennykh narodov Rossii // Zhurnal
rossiyskogo prava. 2008. № 5. S. 8.
3. Andrichenko L.V., Valentey S.A. Problemy razgranicheniya polnomochiy mezhdu federal'nymi organami gosu-
darstvennoy vlasti i organami gosudarstvennoy vlasti sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii na sovremennom
etape // Federalizm. 2008. № 4. S. 31–52.
4. Gligich-Zolotareva M.V. Teoriya i praktika federalizma: sistemnyy podkhod. – Novosibirsk, 2009.
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Kaliningrad, 2010. S. 69–71.
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7. Konstitutsionnyy kontrol': doktrina i praktika: materialy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy
20-letiyu Konstitutsionnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii (Sankt-Peterburg, 28-29 oktyabrya 2011 g.) / Pod red.
V.D. Zor'kina.-M.: Norma, 2012;
8. Konyukhova I.A. Sovremennyy rossiyskiy federalizm i mirovoy opyt: Itogi stanovleniya i perspektivy
razvitiya. – M., 2004. S. 407.
9. Tikhomirov Yu.A. Teoriya kompetentsii. – M., 2005. Yurinformtsentr.
10. Khabrieva T.Ya. Razgranichenie predmetov vedeniya i polnomochiy mezhdu Rossiyskoy Federatsiey i ee sub'-
ektami: perspektivy dogovornogo regulirovaniya // Rossiya na puti reform: federativnyy i regional'nyy
aspekty. Kn. 1. Saratov, 2003. S. 81–98.
11. Khabrieva T.Ya., Sivitskiy V.A. Federal'noe Sobranie v 2003 godu: vklad zakonodateley v razvitie rossiysko-
go federalizma i mestnogo samoupravleniya // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. 2003. № 12. S.7–16.
12. Khabrieva T.Ya. Kommentariy k stat'ya 78 Konstitutsii Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Kommentariy k Konstitu-
tsii Rossiyskoy Federatsii (postateynyy) / L.V. Andrichenko, S.A. Bogolyubov, N.S. Bondar' i dr.; pod red.
V.D. Zor'kina. 2-e izd., peresmotrennoe. M.: Norma, Infra-M, 2011. S. 833.
13. Tsaturyan T.V. Konstitutsionno-pravovoe regulirovanie soglasitel'nykh protsedur razresheniya sporov o kom-
petentsii mezhdu organami gosudarstvennoy vlasti Rossiyskoy Federatsii i sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federa-
tsii. Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk po spetsial'nosti
12.00.02 – konstitutsionnoe pravo, munitsipal'noe pravo. – M., 2009; dr.
14. Shakhray S.M. O Konstitutsii: Osnovnoy zakon kak instrument pravovykh i sotsial'no-ekonomicheskikh preob-
razovaniy. – M.: Nauka, 2013. S. 110–111, drugie.
15. Shashkova E.M. Dogovory o razgranichenii polnomochiy mezhdu organami gosudarstvennoy vlasti Rossiyskoy
Federatsii i ee sub'ektov: zabvenie ili reanimatsiya // Konstitutsionnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. 2008.
№ 3. – SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.

References (transliteration):
1. Mick C. Probleme des Foederalismus in Russland // Osteuropa. 1994. № 44. Heft 7. S. 620.
2. Andrichenko L.V., Postnikov A.E. Problemy razgranicheniya zakonodatel'nykh polnomochiy v sfere zashchity is-
konnoy sredy obitaniya i traditsionnogo obraza zhizni korennykh malochislennykh narodov Rossii // Zhurnal
rossiyskogo prava. 2008. № 5. S. 8.
3. Andrichenko L.V., Valentey S.A. Problemy razgranicheniya polnomochiy mezhdu federal'nymi organami gosu-
darstvennoy vlasti i organami gosudarstvennoy vlasti sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii na sovremennom
etape // Federalizm. 2008. № 4. S. 31–52.
4. Gligich-Zolotareva M.V. Teoriya i praktika federalizma: sistemnyy podkhod. – Novosibirsk, 2009.
5. Gorodilov A.A., Gubin Yu.I., Sokolov A.N. Federalizm v Rossii-sostoyanie, problemy, perspektivy razvitiya.
Kaliningrad, 2010. S. 69–71.
6. Kim Yu.V. Federativnyy rezhim. M., 2007. S. 72.
7. Konstitutsionnyy kontrol': doktrina i praktika: materialy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy
20-letiyu Konstitutsionnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii (Sankt-Peterburg, 28-29 oktyabrya 2011 g.) / Pod red.
V.D. Zor'kina.-M.: Norma, 2012;
8. Konyukhova I.A. Sovremennyy rossiyskiy federalizm i mirovoy opyt: Itogi stanovleniya i perspektivy
razvitiya. – M., 2004. S. 407.
9. Tikhomirov Yu.A. Teoriya kompetentsii. – M., 2005. Yurinformtsentr.
10. Khabrieva T.Ya. Razgranichenie predmetov vedeniya i polnomochiy mezhdu Rossiyskoy Federatsiey i ee sub'-
ektami: perspektivy dogovornogo regulirovaniya // Rossiya na puti reform: federativnyy i regional'nyy
aspekty. Kn. 1. Saratov, 2003. S. 81–98.
11. Khabrieva T.Ya., Sivitskiy V.A. Federal'noe Sobranie v 2003 godu: vklad zakonodateley v razvitie rossiysko-
go federalizma i mestnogo samoupravleniya // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. 2003. № 12. S.7–16.
12. Khabrieva T.Ya. Kommentariy k stat'ya 78 Konstitutsii Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Kommentariy k Konstitu-
tsii Rossiyskoy Federatsii (postateynyy) / L.V. Andrichenko, S.A. Bogolyubov, N.S. Bondar' i dr.; pod red.
V.D. Zor'kina. 2-e izd., peresmotrennoe. M.: Norma, Infra-M, 2011. S. 833.
13. Tsaturyan T.V. Konstitutsionno-pravovoe regulirovanie soglasitel'nykh protsedur razresheniya sporov o kom-
petentsii mezhdu organami gosudarstvennoy vlasti Rossiyskoy Federatsii i sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federa-
tsii. Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk po spetsial'nosti
12.00.02 – konstitutsionnoe pravo, munitsipal'noe pravo. – M., 2009; dr.
14. Shakhray S.M. O Konstitutsii: Osnovnoy zakon kak instrument pravovykh i sotsial'no-ekonomicheskikh preob-
razovaniy. – M.: Nauka, 2013. S. 110–111, drugie.
15. Shashkova E.M. Dogovory o razgranichenii polnomochiy mezhdu organami gosudarstvennoy vlasti Rossiyskoy
Federatsii i ee sub'ektov: zabvenie ili reanimatsiya // Konstitutsionnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. 2008.
№ 3. – SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.

Keywords: Constitutional control in France, the act, the Constitutional Council, the State Council, the Court of Cassation, the French Constitution.

References:
1. Roussillon H., Esplugas P. Le Conseil constitutionnel. Paris, 2011.
2. Ordonnance № 58-1076 du 7 novembre 1958 portant loi organique sur le Conseil constitutionnel // URL: http://www.
legifrance.gouv.fr
3. Montesquieu Ch-L. De l’esprit des lois. Livre XI, chapitre VI // Oeuvres complètes de Montesquieu. Paris, 1838.
4. Kaluszynski M. La judiciarisation de la société et du politique / Colloque RIAD. Face à la judiciarisation de la société,
les réponses de la Protection Juridique, P., 2006; Raphael A. La pénalisation, âme d’une judiciarisation de la société
française // URL: http://www.agoravox.fr/ (data obrashcheniya: 8.06.2013); Barella D. La machine infernale de la judiciarisation
// URL: http://www.constructif.fr/ (data obrashcheniya — 5.06.2013)
5. Décision № 2010-52 QPC du 14 octobre 2010 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
6. Décision № 2011-120 QPC du 8 avril 2011 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
7. CE 14 mai 2010, № 312305 // URL: http://www.conseil-etat.fr/fr/base-de-jurisprudence/
8. Décision № 2010-79 QPC du 17 décembre 2010 //URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
9. Décision № 2010-605 DC du 12 mai 2010 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
10. Décision № 2008-573 DC du 8 janvier 2009 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
11. Décision № 86-208 DC du 2 juillet 1986 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
12. Thomas J. L’indépendance du Conseil constitutionnel. Paris, 2010.
13. CE, 9 juillet 2010, № 340142 // URL: http://www.conseil-etat.fr/fr/base-de-jurisprudence/
14. Avril P., Gicquel J. Le Conseil constitutionnel. Paris, 2011.
15. Cass., 7 mai 2010, № 12008 // URL: http://www.courdecassation.fr/
16. Décision № 2010-6/7 QPC du 11 juin 2010 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
17. Décision № 2010-72/75/82 QPC du 10 décembre 2010 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
18. Code général des impots. Dalloz, Paris, 1999.

References (transliteration):
1. Roussillon H., Esplugas P. Le Conseil constitutionnel. Paris, 2011.
2. Ordonnance № 58-1076 du 7 novembre 1958 portant loi organique sur le Conseil constitutionnel // URL: http://www.
legifrance.gouv.fr
3. Montesquieu Ch-L. De l’esprit des lois. Livre XI, chapitre VI // Oeuvres complètes de Montesquieu. Paris, 1838.
4. Kaluszynski M. La judiciarisation de la société et du politique / Colloque RIAD. Face à la judiciarisation de la société,
les réponses de la Protection Juridique, P., 2006; Raphael A. La pénalisation, âme d’une judiciarisation de la société
française // URL: http://www.agoravox.fr/ (data obrashcheniya: 8.06.2013); Barella D. La machine infernale de la judiciarisation
// URL: http://www.constructif.fr/ (data obrashcheniya — 5.06.2013)
5. Décision № 2010-52 QPC du 14 octobre 2010 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
6. Décision № 2011-120 QPC du 8 avril 2011 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
7. CE 14 mai 2010, № 312305 // URL: http://www.conseil-etat.fr/fr/base-de-jurisprudence/
8. Décision № 2010-79 QPC du 17 décembre 2010 //URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
9. Décision № 2010-605 DC du 12 mai 2010 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
10. Décision № 2008-573 DC du 8 janvier 2009 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
11. Décision № 86-208 DC du 2 juillet 1986 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
12. Thomas J. L’indépendance du Conseil constitutionnel. Paris, 2010.
13. CE, 9 juillet 2010, № 340142 // URL: http://www.conseil-etat.fr/fr/base-de-jurisprudence/
14. Avril P., Gicquel J. Le Conseil constitutionnel. Paris, 2011.
15. Cass., 7 mai 2010, № 12008 // URL: http://www.courdecassation.fr/
16. Décision № 2010-6/7 QPC du 11 juin 2010 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
17. Décision № 2010-72/75/82 QPC du 10 décembre 2010 // URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/
18. Code général des impots. Dalloz, Paris, 1999.

Keywords: constitutionalism, constitutional culture, the Armenian Constitution, separation of powers, the rule of law, fundamental principles.

References:
1. New Millennium Constitutionalism: Paradigms of Reality and Challenges. — Yerevan, 2013. — p. 29-80.
2. Mezhdunarodnyy al'manakh «Konstitutsionnoe pravosudie v novo tysyacheletii». — Erevan: «Nzhar», 2005. —
S. 137-155. 2008. — S. 27-36; 2009. — S. 40-47
3. Zhurnal Konstitutsionnoe pravosudie, KS RF i OOOI. Izd-vo Yurist»-M., Yurist», 2010. — №3 (15). — S. 34-36.
4. Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. — № 7 (26). — M., 2010. — S. 5-9.
5. Harutyunyan G.G. Modern Challanges to Sistemic Development Of Constitutional Control (Armenia) // Constitutionall
Awreview, April 2012. — №5. — p. 173-179.
6. Daniel' Smilov. Konflikt konstitutsionalizma i demokratii v Vostochnoy Evrope: za predelami paradigmy
perekhodnogo perioda // Sravnitel'noe konstitutsionnoe obozrenie. №4(89). 2012. — S. 29-44.
7. Mezhdunarodnyy vestnik Konstitutsionnoe pravosudie», 2006. — №3. — S. 38-46.
8. Rassel G. Konstitutsionalizm: opyt Ameriki i drugikh stran // URL: http://www.infousa.ru/government/
dmpaper2.htm (09.03.2009).

References (transliteration):
1. New Millennium Constitutionalism: Paradigms of Reality and Challenges. — Yerevan, 2013. — p. 29-80.
2. Mezhdunarodnyy al'manakh «Konstitutsionnoe pravosudie v novo tysyacheletii». — Erevan: «Nzhar», 2005. —
S. 137-155. 2008. — S. 27-36; 2009. — S. 40-47
3. Zhurnal Konstitutsionnoe pravosudie, KS RF i OOOI. Izd-vo Yurist»-M., Yurist», 2010. — №3 (15). — S. 34-36.
4. Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. — № 7 (26). — M., 2010. — S. 5-9.
5. Harutyunyan G.G. Modern Challanges to Sistemic Development Of Constitutional Control (Armenia) // Constitutionall
Awreview, April 2012. — №5. — p. 173-179.
6. Daniel' Smilov. Konflikt konstitutsionalizma i demokratii v Vostochnoy Evrope: za predelami paradigmy
perekhodnogo perioda // Sravnitel'noe konstitutsionnoe obozrenie. №4(89). 2012. — S. 29-44.
7. Mezhdunarodnyy vestnik Konstitutsionnoe pravosudie», 2006. — №3. — S. 38-46.
8. Rassel G. Konstitutsionalizm: opyt Ameriki i drugikh stran // URL: http://www.infousa.ru/government/
dmpaper2.htm (09.03.2009).

Review: The author of the article describes the historical development of the institution of public prosecution in Latvia and the model of the prosecutor’s activity in Latvia today. The actual decisions and resolutions of the Constitutional Court of Latvia, the European Court of Human Rights and Court of Justice of the European Communities are researched. The author analyzes the problems associated with lack of supervision over the prosecutors’ activities and the inferior enforcement of individual’s rights, and suggests possible solutions to these problems.

Keywords: comparative law, prosecutors, Latvia, the protection of individual rights, role of the prosecutor’s office, historical development of the institute of prosecution, the prosecutor’s office status in Latvia, control mechanism of prosecution in Latvia, recommendations of the European Council

References:
Literatura:
1. A. Meykalisha. Prokuratura v Latvii. Riga, «Latvijas Vēstnesis», 2002.
2. Dodonov V.N., Krutskikh V.E. Prokuratura v Rossii i za rubezhom. Sravnitel'noe issledovanie / Pod red.
k.yu.n. S.I. Gerasimova. M.: izd. Norma, 2001.
3. Levits E. Demokraticheskaya legitimatsiya normativnykh pravovykh aktov i delegirovannoe zakonodatel'-
stvo: teoreticheskie osnovy // Likums un Tiesības. T. 4. 2002 №9 (37).
4. Monitoring SMI http://www.leta.lv/monitorings.php, agentstvo LETA.
5. Naskol'ko demokratichna Latviya? Monitoring demokratii 2005–2007 gg. — Kantselyariya prezidenta Lat-
vii, 2007. (http://www.president.lv/images/modules/items/PDF/item_1586_Demokrat_monitorings.pdf) (pro-
smotreno 03-05-2010).
6. Otchet General'nogo prokurora Yanisa Mayzitisa o rabote prokuratury za 2007 god.
7. Torzhestvennaya rech' Ya. Mayzitisa, posvyashchennaya 15-letnemu yubileyu prokuratury, http://www.lrp.gov.lv/
doc_upl/Maizisa_uzruna_23.09.05.doc (prosmotreno 08-04-2010).
8. Ukaz o dolzhnosti general-prokurora ot 27 aprelya 1722 goda, http://www.hist.msu.ru/ER/Etext/genprok.htm
(prosmotreno 08-04-2010).
9. Yanis Mayzitis. Pust' prokuror budet professional'nym, chestnym i nezavisimym. O rabote prokura-
tury v proshedshem godu, «Latvijas Vēstnesis», 20.03.2004, http://www.politika.lv/index.php?id=4456 (prosmo-
treno 28-05-2010).
10. Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights / by P. van Dijk, G.J.H. van Hoof (third edition) —
Kluwer Law International, 1998.
11. http://www.at.gov.lv/information/about-trials/2010/201002/20100209/ (prosmotreno 12-05-2010);
12. http://www.delfi.lv/news/national/politics/tiesa-lembergam-nodarits-moralais-kaitejums.d?id=24124641 (prosmo-
treno 12-05-2010)
Normativnye akty:
1. Zakon o prokurature.
2. Zakon o prokurature SSSR. (http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;div=LAW;base=ESU;n=1625
(prosmotreno 08-04-2010).
3. Guidelines on the Role of Prosecutors, adopted by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime
and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, Cuba, 27 August to 7 September 1990, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/
menu3/b/h_comp45.htm (prosmotreno 12-05-2008).
4. Explanatory Memorandum. Reccomendation Rec 2000 (19) of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the
role of public prosecution in the criminal justice system.
5. https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=Rec(2000)19&Language=lanEnglish&Site=CM&BackColorInternet=9999
CC&BackColorIntranet=FFBB55&BackColorLogged=FFAC75 (prosmotreno 28-03-2010).
6. Prosecution Guidelines. Crown Law Office, 1992, str. 15-16. http://www.crownlaw.govt.nz/artman/docs/
article_159.asp (prosmotreno 30-04-2008).
Resheniya i postanovleniya:
1. Reshenie ESPCh po delu «FOX, CAMPBELL AND HARTLEY v. THE UNITED KINGDOM».
2. Reshenie ESPCh po delu «O’HARA v. THE UNITED KINGDOM».
3. Reshenie ESPCh po delu «FOX, CAMPBELL AND HARTLEY v. THE UNITED KINGDOM».
4. Reshenie ESPCh po delu «FOX, CAMPBELL AND HARTLEY v. THE UNITED KINGDOM».
5. Reshenie ESPCh po delu «BROGAN AND OTHERS v. THE UNITED KINGDOM».
6. Reshenie Suda Evropeyskogo Soobshchestva ot 26 iyunya 2007 g. po delu C‑305/05.
7. Reshenie Konstitutsionnogo suda ot 20 dekabrya 2006 g. po delu № 2006-12-01.
8. Reshenie Konstitutsionnogo suda ot 16 oktyabrya 2006 g. po delu № 2006-05-01.
9. Reshenie Konstitutsionnogo suda ot 21 noyabrya 2005 g. po delu 2005-03-0306.
10. Reshenie Konstitutsionnogo suda ot 24 marta 2000 g. po delu № 04-07(99).
11. Reshenie Konstitutsionnogo suda ot 1 oktyabrya 1999 g. po delu № 03-05(99).
12. Reshenie ot 23 fevralya 2006 g. po delu № 2005-22-01.

References (transliteration):
Literatura:
1. A. Meykalisha. Prokuratura v Latvii. Riga, «Latvijas Vēstnesis», 2002.
2. Dodonov V.N., Krutskikh V.E. Prokuratura v Rossii i za rubezhom. Sravnitel'noe issledovanie / Pod red.
k.yu.n. S.I. Gerasimova. M.: izd. Norma, 2001.
3. Levits E. Demokraticheskaya legitimatsiya normativnykh pravovykh aktov i delegirovannoe zakonodatel'-
stvo: teoreticheskie osnovy // Likums un Tiesības. T. 4. 2002 №9 (37).
4. Monitoring SMI http://www.leta.lv/monitorings.php, agentstvo LETA.
5. Naskol'ko demokratichna Latviya? Monitoring demokratii 2005–2007 gg. — Kantselyariya prezidenta Lat-
vii, 2007. (http://www.president.lv/images/modules/items/PDF/item_1586_Demokrat_monitorings.pdf) (pro-
smotreno 03-05-2010).
6. Otchet General'nogo prokurora Yanisa Mayzitisa o rabote prokuratury za 2007 god.
7. Torzhestvennaya rech' Ya. Mayzitisa, posvyashchennaya 15-letnemu yubileyu prokuratury, http://www.lrp.gov.lv/
doc_upl/Maizisa_uzruna_23.09.05.doc (prosmotreno 08-04-2010).
8. Ukaz o dolzhnosti general-prokurora ot 27 aprelya 1722 goda, http://www.hist.msu.ru/ER/Etext/genprok.htm
(prosmotreno 08-04-2010).
9. Yanis Mayzitis. Pust' prokuror budet professional'nym, chestnym i nezavisimym. O rabote prokura-
tury v proshedshem godu, «Latvijas Vēstnesis», 20.03.2004, http://www.politika.lv/index.php?id=4456 (prosmo-
treno 28-05-2010).
10. Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights / by P. van Dijk, G.J.H. van Hoof (third edition) —
Kluwer Law International, 1998.
11. http://www.at.gov.lv/information/about-trials/2010/201002/20100209/ (prosmotreno 12-05-2010);
12. http://www.delfi.lv/news/national/politics/tiesa-lembergam-nodarits-moralais-kaitejums.d?id=24124641 (prosmo-
treno 12-05-2010)
Normativnye akty:
1. Zakon o prokurature.
2. Zakon o prokurature SSSR. (http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;div=LAW;base=ESU;n=1625
(prosmotreno 08-04-2010).
3. Guidelines on the Role of Prosecutors, adopted by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime
and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, Cuba, 27 August to 7 September 1990, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/
menu3/b/h_comp45.htm (prosmotreno 12-05-2008).
4. Explanatory Memorandum. Reccomendation Rec 2000 (19) of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the
role of public prosecution in the criminal justice system.
5. https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=Rec(2000)19&Language=lanEnglish&Site=CM&BackColorInternet=9999
CC&BackColorIntranet=FFBB55&BackColorLogged=FFAC75 (prosmotreno 28-03-2010).
6. Prosecution Guidelines. Crown Law Office, 1992, str. 15-16. http://www.crownlaw.govt.nz/artman/docs/
article_159.asp (prosmotreno 30-04-2008).
Resheniya i postanovleniya:
1. Reshenie ESPCh po delu «FOX, CAMPBELL AND HARTLEY v. THE UNITED KINGDOM».
2. Reshenie ESPCh po delu «O’HARA v. THE UNITED KINGDOM».
3. Reshenie ESPCh po delu «FOX, CAMPBELL AND HARTLEY v. THE UNITED KINGDOM».
4. Reshenie ESPCh po delu «FOX, CAMPBELL AND HARTLEY v. THE UNITED KINGDOM».
5. Reshenie ESPCh po delu «BROGAN AND OTHERS v. THE UNITED KINGDOM».
6. Reshenie Suda Evropeyskogo Soobshchestva ot 26 iyunya 2007 g. po delu C‑305/05.
7. Reshenie Konstitutsionnogo suda ot 20 dekabrya 2006 g. po delu № 2006-12-01.
8. Reshenie Konstitutsionnogo suda ot 16 oktyabrya 2006 g. po delu № 2006-05-01.
9. Reshenie Konstitutsionnogo suda ot 21 noyabrya 2005 g. po delu 2005-03-0306.
10. Reshenie Konstitutsionnogo suda ot 24 marta 2000 g. po delu № 04-07(99).
11. Reshenie Konstitutsionnogo suda ot 1 oktyabrya 1999 g. po delu № 03-05(99).
12. Reshenie ot 23 fevralya 2006 g. po delu № 2005-22-01.

Review: Appearanced in France, the Ombudsman is noteworthy, though, because such institutions in the European (and other) states have been relatively long. Does this mean that by doing so it has overcome its «gap» in approving the institution of ombudsman»? Obviously not. Since the early 70’s, France follows its original «dispersion» method of protecting individual rights and freedoms, placing it on the various independent agencies. Is the establishment of the Ombudsman deviation from this path, the effects of absorption of several human rights bodies, the fate of independent administrative bodies — the questions of not speculative interest became the subject of the proposed article.

Keywords: constitution, constitutional reform, human rights defender, the method of appointment, powers, independent administrative body, the Defender of children, sanctions.

References:
1. Loi constitutionnelle № 2008-724 du 23 juillet 2008 de modernisation des institutions de la Ve Republique //
Journal officiel du 24 juillet 2008 page 11890.
2. Projet de loi organique relative du Défenseur des droits.
3. Etude d’impact // http://www.senat.fr./leg/etudes-impact/pj108-610ei/pj108-610-ei-pdf
4. Blandine Barret-Kriegel. L’Etat et democratie. Paris, 1986. p. 83.
5. Loi organique 2011-333 du 29 mars 2011 relative au Défenseur des droits // Journal officiel du 30 mars 2011 page
5497.
6. Loi № 2011-334 du 29 mars 2011 relative au Défenseur des droits//Journal officiel du 30 mars 2011 page 5504.
7. Décision 2011-626 du 30 mars 201 1// Journal officiel du 30 mars 2011 page 5507.
8. Loi organique № 2010-837 du 23 juillet 2010 relative à l’application du cinquième alinéa de l’article 13 de la
Constitution // Journal Officiel du 24 juillet 2010 page 13642.
9. J.-C. Zarka, Le «Défenseur des droits». Recueil Dalloz. 2010. № 4/7430. P. 1568.
10. Le Monde du 18 janvier 2011.

References (transliteration):
1. Loi constitutionnelle № 2008-724 du 23 juillet 2008 de modernisation des institutions de la Ve Republique //
Journal officiel du 24 juillet 2008 page 11890.
2. Projet de loi organique relative du Défenseur des droits.
3. Etude d’impact // http://www.senat.fr./leg/etudes-impact/pj108-610ei/pj108-610-ei-pdf
4. Blandine Barret-Kriegel. L’Etat et democratie. Paris, 1986. p. 83.
5. Loi organique 2011-333 du 29 mars 2011 relative au Défenseur des droits // Journal officiel du 30 mars 2011 page
5497.
6. Loi № 2011-334 du 29 mars 2011 relative au Défenseur des droits//Journal officiel du 30 mars 2011 page 5504.
7. Décision 2011-626 du 30 mars 201 1// Journal officiel du 30 mars 2011 page 5507.
8. Loi organique № 2010-837 du 23 juillet 2010 relative à l’application du cinquième alinéa de l’article 13 de la
Constitution // Journal Officiel du 24 juillet 2010 page 13642.
9. J.-C. Zarka, Le «Défenseur des droits». Recueil Dalloz. 2010. № 4/7430. P. 1568.
10. Le Monde du 18 janvier 2011.

Review: Article is devoted to the questions of maintenance of equal access of candidates and political parties to mass media. Problems of granting of such access to mass media are considered both during election campaign, and during the period between elections

Keywords: Equality of candidates and political parties, mass media, political advertising, informing about activity of authorities

Contact information: Pavlushkin Alexei Vladimirovich, monitor@izak.ru

Review: The article contains comparative analysis of legal regulation of political parties in the Russian Federation and Germany. The author shows general and specific features of legal regulation, its limits and gaps

Review: The author substantiates proposals for improving legal regulation of inter-ethnical relations. In particular, it is emphasized that it is necessary to provide for preservation of ethnical identity, including native language, traditions and customs, peculiarities of cultural legacy enhance administrative and criminal liability for rousing hatred in inter-ethnical relations.

Review: The article of a well-known German scholar analyses three stages of evaluation of public sector reforms. The author describes main notions and tools used in evaluation of programs and activities and substantiates the means for its further development

Review: The article of a prominent scholar, member of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is devoted to an acute problem of direct action of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The author shows the evolution of the ideas of constitutionalism, the transformation of the Constitution into an acting law laying down fundamentals of social and rule of law state. The main points of research are the objective limits and forms of direct action of the Constitution; concretization of constitutional provisions on fundamental rights; actualization of constitutional provisions on basic responsibilities.

Review: The article analyses the public law regulation in the sphere of international trade relations, in particular within the global dimension of the World Trade Organization.

Review: The authors provide a comparative analysis of legislation on ombudsmen in the member states of CIS, tracing general and peculiar trends in legal regulation of this institution.

Review: The author describes migration legislation of Italy which may be subjected to drastic changes in the nearest future.

Review: An article by the Chairman of the Legislative Assembly of one of the member states of the Russian Federation contains the comparative analysis of legislation on ethnical minorities which may be applied for improving the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Review: A well known scholar, Justice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation analyses the role and the problems facing of the Constitutional Court in the system of separated powers.