Abstract: The article investigates the question of character and degree of impact of the Roman law on the Islamic law in context of the functioning of legal doctrines, sources and also structure of law. The forms of such influence have been analysed. It is noticed that certain provisions, principles and norms of the Roman law have rendered both dirrect, and indirect influence on formation of separate provisons of the Islamic law. It is specified on strengthening of such influence, since XIX century, when direct reception of the norms and institutes of the romano-germanic law generated under direct influence of the Roman law, took place. The direct reception of the provisions of the Roman law is not at issue. Some of them have been included as a result of the islamization of the established legal practice through the acceptance of the norms which do not contradict to the substantive provisions and principles of the Islamic law.

Keywords: Roman law, Islamic law, borrowing, legal reception, legal tradition, Roman jurisprudence, Islamic legal doctrine, legal sources, structure of law.

References:
Gazizova R.G. Formirovanie i pravovoe regulirovanie islamskikkh byudzhetnykkh otnosheniy v Arabskom Kkha-lifate // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. – 2013. – 1. – C. 148–153.
Digesty Yustiniana / per. s lat. M.: Statut, 2002. 584 s.
Dudchenko V.V. Do dosl³dzhennya zagal'nikh printsip³v rims'kogo ta musul'mans'kogo prava // Aktual'n³ pro-blemi derzhavi ³ prava: Zb. nauk. prats'. O.: Yurid. l³t., 2007. Vip. 31. S. 26–31.
Koran / per. s arab. I. Yu. Krachkovskogo. M.: Raritet, 1990. 528 s.
Nurullina G. Islamskaya etika biznesa. M.: Umma, 2004. 112 s.
Kharitonov E. O. Osnovy rimskogo chastnogo prava. Kh .: Odissey, 1998. 288 s.
Shakht Dzh. Proiskhozhdenie musul'manskoy yurisprudentsii. M.: Mir, 1950.
Amos S. History and Principles of the Civil law of Rome, London, 1883.
Crone P. Roman, provincial and Islamic law: The origins of the Islamic patronate. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002.
Fattal A. Le statut légal des non-Musulma

Abstract: The article discusses the genesis and formation of criminal law of old Germanic tribes which is expressed in the main categories of criminal law – crime and punishment. Customary law of the ancient Germans, as a foundation for the subsequent formation of positive law are cumulative religious- legal imperatives which are geographically and ethnically different. Universality at the given historical stage of the general approach to concept of the criminal supposed inseparability of material and formal component in its content. The main forms of social coercion, such as prototypes of criminal penalties were vendetta and ostracism.

Keywords: ancient Germany, common law, crime, blood feud, exile, personal principle of the right, war, cowardice in fight, ferocity of barbarians, adulterous intercourse.

References:
Abalonin V.O. Zloupotreblenie pravom na isk v grazhdanskom protsesse Germanii / V.O. Abalonin. – M.: Volters Kluver, 2009. – 208 s.
Adam Bremenskiy, Gel'mol'd iz Bosau, Arnol'd Lyubekskiy Slavyanskie khroniki / Per. s lat. I.V. D'yakonova, L.V Razumovskiy, redaktor-sostavitel' I.A. Nastenko. – M.: «SPSL», «Russkaya panorama», 2011. – 584 s.
Anners E. Istoriya evropeyskogo prava / E. Anners. – M.: Nauka, 1994. – 395 s.
Bekkria Ch. O prestupleniyakh i nakazaniyakh: Sost. i red. Yu. M. Yumashev / Ch. Bekkria. – M.: Stels, 1995. – 304 s.
Berman G.Dzh. Vera i zakon: primirenie prava i religii / G.Dzh. Berman. – M.: «Ad marginem», 1999. – 432 s.
Berner A. F. Uchebnik ugolovnogo prava: Chast' obshchaya. Chasti obshchaya i osobennaya: S primechaniyami, prilozhe-niyami i dopolneniyami po istorii russkogo prava i zakonodatel'stvu polozhitel'nomu. T. 1; Prim.: Neklyu-dov N. / A.F. Berner. – SPb.: Tip. N. Tiblena i komp., 1865. – 447 s.
Blok M. Feodal'noe obshchestvo: Per. s frants. M.Yu. Kozhev

Abstract:

Keywords: right to education, the conceptual ideas of the right to education, P. Yurkevich, M. Drahomanov, K. Ushinsky, ². Franko, B. Kistiakowsky.

References:
Yurkevich P.D. Kurs obshchey pedagogiki s prilozheniyami. — M.: Tipografiya Gracheva, 1869. — 404 s.
Bichko ²., Solod'ko V. Yurkevich Pamf³l // Mala entsikloped³ya etnoderzhavoznavstva. — K.: Dov³ra : Geneza, 1996. — 942 s.
Yurkevich P.D. Izbrannoe. — M.: Abris, 1993. — 398 s.
Gurenko M.M. Rozvitok pol³tiko-pravovo¿ dumki pro garant³¿ prav ³ svobod lyudini ta gromadyanina: monograf³ya. — K.: Logos, 2002. — 252 s.
Andrusyak T. Shlyakh do svobodi (Mikhaylo Dragomanov pro prava lyudini). — L'v³v: Sv³t, 1998. — 192 s.
Dragomanov M.P. Vibrane («… m³y zadum zlozhiti ocherk ³stor³¿ tsiv³l³zats³¿ na Ukra¿n³») / [uporyad. ta avt. ³st.-b³ogr. narisu R.S. M³shchuk]. — K.: Lib³d', 1991. — 688 s.
Yuridichna entsikloped³ya: v 6 t. / Redkol.: Yu.S. Shemshuchenko (golova redkol.) ta ³n. — K.: «Ukr. Entsikl.», 1998. T. 6. S. 243–244.
Ushins'kiy K.D. Lyudina yak predmet vikhovannya. Sproba pedagog³chno¿ antropolog³¿ // Tvori: v 6 t. — K.: Rad. shk., 1952. T. 4. — 490 s.
Dovbnya V. Kostyantin

Abstract:

Keywords: legislation of medieval China, Tang dynasty code, Min dynasty code, criminal law, state security, rebellion, treason, espionage.

References:
Akhmetshin N.Kh. Istoriya ugolovnogo prava KNR. — M.: MZ-Press, 2005. — 343 s.
Bichurin N.Ya. Kitay, ego zhiteli, nravy, obychai, prosveshchenie. — SPb., 1840. — VIII. 442 s.
Zakony velikoy dinastii Min so svodnym kommentariem i prilozheniem postanovleniy (Da Min lyuy tszi tsze fu li). Per. s kit., issled., primech. i prilozh. N.P. Svistunovoy. Ch. 1. — M.: Izdatel'skaya firma «Vostoch-naya literatura» RAN, 1997 — 576 s.
Zakony Velikoy dinastii Min so svodnym kommentariem i prilozheniem postanovleniy (Da Min lyuy tszi tsze fu li). Per. s kit., issled., primech. i prilozh. N.P. Svistunovoy. Ch. 3. — M.: Izdatel'skaya firma «Vostoch-naya literatura» RAN. 2012. — 444 s.
Istoriya gosudarstva i prava zarubezhnykh stran: uchebnik dlya vuzov. Ch. 1 / pod red. O.A. Zhidkova i N.A. Krashe-ninnikovoy. — M.: Norma, 2004. — 624 s.
Kychanov E.I. Osnovy srednevekovogo kitayskogo prava (VII-XIII vv.). — M.: GRVL, 1986. — 264 s.
Kychanov E.I. Prestupleniya protiv imperatora po traditsionnomu kitaysk

Abstract: The article investigates the general idea of the court and justice, forming in Europe and in Russia in the Middle Ages. The thesis about the significantly differed in form and content systems of ruling, legal regulation of social relations, the court of justice, the impact of which continues to remain relevant to the presen were objectively evolved in individualized Western Europe and community-patriarchal East Slavic Russia.

Keywords: comparative law, Middle Ages, medieval Europe, medieval Russia, the history of the court, judicial activism, the Western tradition Court, Eastern Slavic tradition of the court, the state court, judiciary.

References:
Anners E. Istoriya evropeyskogo prava. M., 1994.
Antonenko T.A. Religioznye normy i pravo // Yuridicheskiy vestnik. M., 1999. ¹ 4.
Barsov N.I. Sushchestvovala li v Rossii inkvizitsiya? SPb., 1892.
Belinskiy V.G. Sochineniya. T. 10. M., 1955.
Blok M. Feodal'noe obshchestvo. M., 2003.
Borovoy D.D. Kanonicheskoe (tserkovnoe) pravo kak normativnaya sistema sotsial'no-pravovogo regu-lirova-niya: avtoref. dis.. … kand. yurid. nauk. [12.00.01 — Teoriya i istoriya prava i gosudarstva; istoriya pra-vovykh ucheniy]. Stavropol', 2004.
Glukhov V.A. Vliyanie kanonicheskogo prava na protsess stanovleniya i razvitiya institutov ugolov-nogo prava v russkom gosudarstve X-XVII vv. // Zakon i pravo. M., 2008. ¹ 3.
Gorchakov M.I. Inkvizitsiya vostochnoy tserkvi // Yuridicheskaya letopis'. 1891. ¹ 12.
Grafskiy V.G. Traditsii i obnovlenie v prave: tsennostnoe izmerenie peremen // Problemy tsenno-stnogo pod-khoda v prave: traditsii i obnovlenie. M., 1996.
Grekulov E.F. Iz istorii svyatoy inkviz

Abstract: The article is devoted to the research of the constitutional legal concept by Louis Brandeis — the outstanding American man of law, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He is considered as one of four greatest judges in XX century. L. Brandeis was possible to become successful in asserting the workers social and labor rights that directly have not been fixed in the United States Constitution. The “Brandeis Brief” became the essential contribution to USA procedural law. Brandeis was a supporter of the “Living Constitution” conception that is based on the idea of social changes, evolutions of the legal system and the Basic law.

Keywords: Louis Brandeis, constitutional legal concept, United States Supreme Court, social and labor rights, procedural law.

References:
Arkhipov V.V. Kontseptsiya prava Lona L. Fullera: avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. SPb., 2009.
Berlyavskiy L.G. Teorii konstitutsionnoy interpretatsii v SShA // Konstitutsionnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. 2011. ¹ 10. S. 77-78.
Goldobina Z.I. Aktivizm i originalizm v deyatel'nosti Verkhovnogo suda SShA i amerikanskoy politiko-pravovoy doktrine: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Ekaterinburg, 2007.
Machin I.F. Istoriya politicheskikh i pravovykh ucheniy. M., 2007.
Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki. Konstitutsiya i zakonodatel'nye akty / pod red. O.A. Zhidkova. M., 1993.
Khochoyan A.G. Osnovnye napravleniya pravoponimaniya v sovetskoy yuridicheskoy nauke 20-kh-30-kh gg. XX v.: avto-ref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Saratov, 2009.
Berk G. Louis Brandeis and the Making of Regulated Competition, 1900-1932. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Urofsky M. Louis D. Brandeis: A Life. N.Y.: Pantheon, 2009; Urofsky M. Louis D. Brandeis: advocate before and on the bench // Journal of Supreme Court

Abstract: By the use of historical methods of research the article paints a picture of the formation of the institute of international legal assistance in civil cases in Soviet law. The main factor which influenced on this process was international law policy of the Soviet state. Main stages of the formation of the institute of international legal assistance in civil matters are highlighted.

Keywords: international legal assistance in civil matters, international law policy of the USSR, modern international law, the new economic policy, emigration from the USSR.

References:
Ustav Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy (N'yu-York,1945 g.) // Sbornik deystvuyushchikh dogovorov, soglasheniy i konventsiy, zaklyuchennykh SSSR s inostrannymi gosudarstvami. Vyp. XII. M., 1956.
Vseobshchaya deklaratsiya prav cheloveka: prinyata General'noy Assambleey OON (N'yu-York, 1948 g.) // Prava che-loveka. Sbornik mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. N'yu-York: Organizatsiya Ob'edinennykh Natsiy, 1978.
Obmen notami ob ispolnenii sudebnykh porucheniy po grazhdanskim delam na usloviyakh vzaimnosti mezhdu SSSR i Frantsiey (Moskva, 1930 g.) // Ofitsial'no opublikovan ne byl.
Obmen notami o poryadke ispolneniya sudebnykh porucheniy mezhdu SSSR i Soedinennymi Shtatami Ameriki (Moskva, 1935 g.) // Sobranie zakonov i rasporyazheniy Raboche-Krest'yanskogo Pravitel'stva SSSR. Otdel vto-roy. 1936. ¹ 4. St. 44.
Soglashenie mezhdu SSSR i Frantsiey o peredache sudebnykh i notarial'nykh dokumentov i vypolnenii su-debnykh porucheniy po grazhdanskim i torgovym delam (Moskva, 1938 g.) // Sbornik deystvuyushchik

Abstract: The present article is devoted to formation and development of institute of the law in the territory of the pre- Soviet period, Soviet period and Post-Soviet period of Tajikistan. The pre-Soviet period, i.e. since ancient times before establishment of the Soviet power in the territory of modern Tajikistan, Soviet period, i.e. from the moment of establishment of the Soviet power to the beginning of the 90th years of the XX century, Post-Soviet period i.e. from about the beginning of the 90th years of last century to these days.

Keywords: law, usual and religious norms, Avesta, Koran, Yasa, Tuzuki, legislation of the Russian Empire, Sharia, Decree, Constitution, Bukhara National Soviet Republic, Turkestan ASSR, Tajik ASSR, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, the laws of the Republic of Tajikistan adopted by a referendum, the constitutional laws, codes.

References:
Babaev A.D., Karimov T.D. Avesta: po sledam drevneyshey tsivilizatsii tadzhikov. Khudzhand, 2001. 190 s.
Buriev I.B. Deystvie musul'manskogo prava v dorevolyutsionnom Tadzhikistane (VIII — nachalo KhKh vv.). Dushanbe, 1999. 199 s.
Buriev I.B. Istoriya gosudarstva i prava Tadzhikistana (ot drevneyshikh vremen do nachala KhKh veka). Dushan-be: Irfon, 2007. T. 1. Ch. 1-2. 244 s.
Buriev I.B. Sudebnye instituty gosudarstvennosti dosovetskogo Tadzhikistana. Dushanbe: Irfon, 2010. 188 s.
Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. M., 1954. ¹ 15.
Vernadskiy G.V. O sostave Velikoy Yasy. Bryussel', 1939.
Vsemirnaya istoriya / Pod red. S.L. Utchenko, D.P. Kallistova, A.I. Pavlovskoy, V.V. Struve. M., 1956. T. 2. 898 s.
Gafurov A.M. Revkomy Tadzhikistana (1917-1924 gg.). Dushanbe: Donish, 2008. 144 s.
Gafurov B. Tadzhiki (drevneyshaya, drevnyaya i srednevekovaya istoriya). Dushanbe: Irfon, 1989. Kn. 1. 384 s.
Gumruk (Tamozhnya). Ofitsial'noe izdanie Tamozhennoy sluzhby Respubliki Tadzhikist

Abstract: The works of the german scientist–lawyer, criminologist Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach in the field of philosophy of law and comparative law are analyzed in the article. The historical way in works of Feuerbach from need for knowledge of the foreign law and of the national law up to the appearance of new discipline “comparative law” is shown.

Keywords: Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, comparative law, natural law, philosophy of law.

References:
Zivs S.L. O metode sravnitel'nogo issledovaniya v nauke o gosudarstve i prave // Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo. 1964. ¹3.
Konstantinesko L.–Zh. Razvitie sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya // Ocherki sravnitel'nogo prava / Pod red. V.A. Tumanova. M.: Progress, 1981.
Kresin A.V. Kriterii v voprose o genezise sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonoda-tel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. 2011. ¹ 1.
Kresin A.V. Periodizatsiya razvitiya sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya: v poiskakh priemlemoy modeli // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. 2010. ¹ 1.
Kres?n O.V. Paul' Yogann Anzel'm fon Fey?rbakh ? pitannya pro genezu por?vnyal'nogo pravoznavstva // Por?vnyal'no–pravov? dosl?dzhennya. 2011. ¹2.
Piontkovskiy A.A. Ugolovno–pravovye vozzreniya Kanta, A. Feyerbakha i Fikhte. M., 1940.
Saidov A.Kh. Sravnitel'noe pravovedenie: Kratkiy ucheb. kurs. M.: NORMA, 2006.
Fey?rbakh P.Y.A. Poglyad na n?mets'ke pravoznavstvo / Per. O.A. Shabl?y; za red. O

Abstract: The Author, famous Dutch lawyer who took part in consulting for group of Russian experts involved into the process of creating of Russian Civil Code, estimates the reform, its scope, legal results, and personal contribution of G.E. Avilov in codification of Russian civil law.

Keywords: civil law, the netherlands, comparative law, G.E. Avilov, reform of civil law in Russia, Russian Civil Code, history of law, codification.

References:
Grazhdanskiy kodeks Niderlandov / Per. s niderlandskogo M. Fershtman; otv. red. F. Fel'dbryugge. Leyden, 2000.
Puti k novomu pravu / Pod red. M.M. Boguslavskogo, R. Kniper. Berlin, 1998.
W. Snijders. “The Russian Experience: A Dutch Perspective on Legal Collaboration”. J. Arnscheidt, B. Van Rooij, J.M. Otto (eds.). Lawmaking for Development. Explorations into the theory and practice of international legislative projects. Leiden, 2008
J.R. Wedel in Collision and Collusion. The Strange Case of Western Aid to Eastern Europe, London, 1998

Abstract: The article focuses on the history of constitutional development of Japan during the period from the Meiji reforms prior to the promulgation of the Constitution after the World War II.

Keywords: law, legal science, emperor, constitution, election, diet, cabinet, law regulation, political parties.

References:
David R. Osnovnye pravovye sistemy sovremennosti / R. David, K. Zhoffre–Spinozi, per. s fr. Tumanova V.A. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1999.
Istoriya Yaponii (1945–1975). M.: Glavnoe redaktsiya vostochnoy literatury izdatel'stva «Nauka», 1978.
Istoriya Yaponii. T. 2. 1868–1998. 2–e izd., isprav. i dop. // Institut vostokovedeniya. RAN. M., 1999.
Aldus, Ch. The Police in Occupation Japan: Control, Corruption and Resistance to Reform. Routeledge, 1999.
Beasely W.G. The Meiji Restoration. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972.
Drea E.J. The 1942 Japanese General Election: Political Mobilization in Wartime Japan, University of Kansas, 1979.
Gordon A A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present, NY, Oxford University Press, 2003.
Valeo F. R. Morrison Charles E. The Japanese Diet and the U.S. Congress / F. R. Valeo, C. E. Morrison Boulder, Westview Press, 1983.
The Potsdam Declaration, July 1945, Political Reorientation on Japan. Henderson and Haley eds, 196

Abstract: This article reviews constitutional regulation of the financial relations in foreign countries. Paying substantial attention to the historical aspect, the author investigates such important problems like principles of state budget’s incomes and charges formation, constitutional financial control, monetary emission, constitutional foundations of banking.

Keywords: history of law, comparative law, constitutional law, finances, budget, state debt, monetary emission, control, banking.

References:

Abstract: From the analysis of historical development of pledge, it is visible that its active development is objectively connected with occurrence of a private property and smashing of large ground possession to small sites, that is pledge, has arisen as alternative of a private responsibility of the debtor.

Keywords: Pledge, development history, civil law institute, private property, the ground areas, responsibility of the debtor, civil–law transactions

References:

Abstract: The North American state legal doctrine stems from the War of Independence, the task of the Founding Fathers was to devise political machinery that would enable the divergent aims of the colonies to be reconciled. The constitutionalism became the most important stumbling block between the mother country — the centre of the empire — and the colonies. The American Revolution had two main claims, the first one was creation of the autonomous states and the next one was the adoption of their written constitutions. The outstanding lawyer, the practicing jurist John Adams was among the most active Founding Fathers and two his law’s drafts were taken as a model for the constitutions of some American states.

Keywords: J. Adams, constitutionalism, constitution, project, act, popular, sovereignty, democratic liberties, form, government, republic.

References:

Abstract: Article is devoted to the tax system of the USA and questions of stimulation of investment process during the crisis periods in economy. In article you can find the review of some the basic measures undertaken by the government of the USA during 80th years of XX century, which promoted improvement of an investment climate.

Keywords: Investments, Taxes, The state, Financing, Stimulation, Innovations, Privileges, Crisis

References:

Abstract: The very first Greek constitution, the Constitution of Ionian islands of 1799 is an example of constitution conferred by Russia to other state while lacking constitution and constitutionalism. It was developed just after the joint Russian–Turkish military operation against France has finished and the Ionian Islands were protected by the Russian fleet under command of admiral F.F. Ushakov. The circumstances of the development of the Constitution was thoroughly researched by the historians; from the constitutional point of view, however, many aspects of the constitutional process were studied insufficiently.
Referring to the analysis of the historical materials about the making of the Constitution of the Ionian Islands, the author gives her own appraisal of the Constitution as an act of «transitional type»: it hardly could be treated as a leading act, compared to the revolutionary constitutions. The value and originality of that Constitution lies in its compromise nature (it demonstrates the mutual settlement of the positions of two cooperating states as well as of the domestic legal traditions), and in it its contribution to the experience of the constitutional expression of the transition to the independence.

Keywords: the Constitution of the Ionian Islands of 1799, constitution historiography, constitution making, novelty of the constitution

References:

Abstract: The present article deals with the comparative legal analysis of the legislative approaches to the conflict of laws problem with regard to the intermediated securities. The author scrutinizes the distinct features of relations between the main participants of the indirect holding system, analyzes the doctrinal approaches in this sphere of conflict of laws, examines the legal regulations of various jurisdictions (Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States), as well as the European Union law. It also provides an overview of the Hague Convention 2002 on the Law Applicable to Certain Rights in Respect of Securities Held with an Intermediary

Keywords: comparative law, securities, conflict of laws, intermediary, securities account, EU Directives, PRIMA

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Abstract:

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Abstract: The author believes that western neoliberalism can be identified as a kind of political practice by means of the reconstruction of the ontological concept of man and society on the value basis with the help of criteria of public and historical reputation.
Key words: comparative law, neoliberalism, models of western neoliberalism, German model of neoliberalism, individualism, egalitarianism, universalism, ontological model of neoliberalism, value judgments

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