Abstract: The article discusses the genesis and formation of criminal law of old Germanic tribes which is expressed in the main categories of criminal law – crime and punishment. Customary law of the ancient Germans, as a foundation for the subsequent formation of positive law are cumulative religious- legal imperatives which are geographically and ethnically different. Universality at the given historical stage of the general approach to concept of the criminal supposed inseparability of material and formal component in its content. The main forms of social coercion, such as prototypes of criminal penalties were vendetta and ostracism.

Keywords: ancient Germany, common law, crime, blood feud, exile, personal principle of the right, war, cowardice in fight, ferocity of barbarians, adulterous intercourse.

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Volters Kluver, 2009. – 208 s.
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5. Berman G.Dzh. Vera i zakon: primirenie prava i religii / G.Dzh. Berman. – M.: «Ad marginem», 1999. – 432 s.
6. Berner A. F. Uchebnik ugolovnogo prava: Chast' obshchaya. Chasti obshchaya i osobennaya: S primechaniyami, prilozhe-
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2003. – 503 s.
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2011. – 3. – C. 299–308.
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ru/lr/article_153.html
14. Gulyaikhin V.N. Sem'ya kak sub'ekt ranney pravovoy sotsializatsii // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. – 2013. –
7. – C. 56–66. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9007.html
15. Gulyaikhin V.N. Pravovaya kul'tura kak ob'ekt nauchnogo issledovaniya: metodologicheskie podkhody, struktura i
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// NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. – 2013. – 3. – C. 221–238. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_559.html
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tury narodov Dagestana // Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava. – 2012. – 3. – C. 20–27.
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608 s.
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sootnoshenie chastnogo i publichnogo nachala // Problemy antichnogo mira i sovremennost': Mezhvuzovskiy
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Abstract: The article investigates the question of character and degree of impact of the Roman law on the Islamic law in context of the functioning of legal doctrines, sources and also structure of law. The forms of such influence have been analysed. It is noticed that certain provisions, principles and norms of the Roman law have rendered both dirrect, and indirect influence on formation of separate provisons of the Islamic law. It is specified on strengthening of such influence, since XIX century, when direct reception of the norms and institutes of the romano-germanic law generated under direct influence of the Roman law, took place. The direct reception of the provisions of the Roman law is not at issue. Some of them have been included as a result of the islamization of the established legal practice through the acceptance of the norms which do not contradict to the substantive provisions and principles of the Islamic law.

Keywords: Roman law, Islamic law, borrowing, legal reception, legal tradition, Roman jurisprudence, Islamic legal doctrine, legal sources, structure of law.

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11. Kremer A. Culturgeschichte des Orients under den Chalifen. Vienna, 1875–1877.
12. Sachau E. Syrische Rechtbucherm. Berlin, 1907–14.
13. Van den Berg L. W. C. De contractu 'do ut des' iure mohammedano. Leiden and Batavia, 1868.

References (transliteration):
1. Gazizova R.G. Formirovanie i pravovoe regulirovanie islamskikkh byudzhetnykkh otnosheniy v Arabskom Kkha-
lifate // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. – 2013. – 1. – C. 148–153.
2. Digesty Yustiniana / per. s lat. M.: Statut, 2002. 584 s.
3. Dudchenko V.V. Do dosl³dzhennya zagal'nikh printsip³v rims'kogo ta musul'mans'kogo prava // Aktual'n³ pro-
blemi derzhavi ³ prava: Zb. nauk. prats'. O.: Yurid. l³t., 2007. Vip. 31. S. 26–31.
4. Koran / per. s arab. I. Yu. Krachkovskogo. M.: Raritet, 1990. 528 s.
5. Nurullina G. Islamskaya etika biznesa. M.: Umma, 2004. 112 s.
6. Kharitonov E. O. Osnovy rimskogo chastnogo prava. Kh .: Odissey, 1998. 288 s.
7. Shakht Dzh. Proiskhozhdenie musul'manskoy yurisprudentsii. M.: Mir, 1950.
8. Amos S. History and Principles of the Civil law of Rome, London, 1883.
9. Crone P. Roman, provincial and Islamic law: The origins of the Islamic patronate. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 2002.
10. Fattal A. Le statut légal des non-Musulman en pays d'Islam. Beyrouth: Imprimerie Catholique, 1958. R. 72–73.
11. Kremer A. Culturgeschichte des Orients under den Chalifen. Vienna, 1875–1877.
12. Sachau E. Syrische Rechtbucherm. Berlin, 1907–14.
13. Van den Berg L. W. C. De contractu 'do ut des' iure mohammedano. Leiden and Batavia, 1868.

Keywords: legislation of medieval China, Tang dynasty code, Min dynasty code, criminal law, state security, rebellion, treason, espionage.

References:
1. Akhmetshin N.Kh. Istoriya ugolovnogo prava KNR. — M.: MZ-Press, 2005. — 343 s.
2. Bichurin N.Ya. Kitay, ego zhiteli, nravy, obychai, prosveshchenie. — SPb., 1840. — VIII. 442 s.
3. Zakony velikoy dinastii Min so svodnym kommentariem i prilozheniem postanovleniy (Da Min lyuy tszi
tsze fu li). Per. s kit., issled., primech. i prilozh. N.P. Svistunovoy. Ch. 1. — M.: Izdatel'skaya firma «Vostoch-
naya literatura» RAN, 1997 — 576 s.
4. Zakony Velikoy dinastii Min so svodnym kommentariem i prilozheniem postanovleniy (Da Min lyuy tszi
tsze fu li). Per. s kit., issled., primech. i prilozh. N.P. Svistunovoy. Ch. 3. — M.: Izdatel'skaya firma «Vostoch-
naya literatura» RAN. 2012. — 444 s.
5. Istoriya gosudarstva i prava zarubezhnykh stran: uchebnik dlya vuzov. Ch. 1 / pod red. O.A. Zhidkova i N.A. Krashe-
ninnikovoy. — M.: Norma, 2004. — 624 s.
6. Kychanov E.I. Osnovy srednevekovogo kitayskogo prava (VII-XIII vv.). — M.: GRVL, 1986. — 264 s.
7. Kychanov E.I. Prestupleniya protiv imperatora po traditsionnomu kitayskomu pravu // Chetyrnadtsataya nauch-
naya konferentsiya «Obshchestvo i gosudarstvo v Kitae». Tezisy i doklady. Ch. 1. — M., 1983. — S. 135–141.
8. Lemb G. Chingiskhan. Vlastelin mira. — M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2002. — 301 s.
9. Popova I.F. Kategoriya «vernost'» (chzhun) v politicheskoy mysli rannetanskogo Kitaya // Materialy nauchnoy
konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 50-letiyu obrazovaniya Kitayskoy Narodnoy Respubliki. 27–28 oktyabrya 1999 g. —
SPb., 1999. — S. 58–61.
10. Savchenko D.A. Otvetstvennost' za antigosudarstvennye prestupleniya: traditsii Zapada i Vostoka. // Sravni-
tel'noe pravovedenie i problemy sovremennoy yurisprudentsii: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prak-
ticheskoy konferentsii. — Ekaterinburg, 2006. Ch. 4. — S. 192–196.
11. Sravnitel'noe pravovedenie: natsional'nye pravovye sistemy. T. 3. Pravovye sistemy Azii / pod red.
V.I. Lafitskogo. — M.: Institut zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya pri Pravitel'stve RF;
Yuridicheskaya firma «Kontrakt», 2013. — 704 s.
12. Ugolovnye ustanovleniya Tan s raz'yasneniyami (Tan lyuy shu i). Tszyuani 9–16. Per. s kit. i komment. V.M. Ryba-
kova. — SPb.: «Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie», 2001. — 304 s.
13. Chen P.H. Disloyality to the State in Late Imperial China // State and Law in East Asia. — Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz,
1981. 159–183 pp.

References (transliteration):
1. Akhmetshin N.Kh. Istoriya ugolovnogo prava KNR. — M.: MZ-Press, 2005. — 343 s.
2. Bichurin N.Ya. Kitay, ego zhiteli, nravy, obychai, prosveshchenie. — SPb., 1840. — VIII. 442 s.
3. Zakony velikoy dinastii Min so svodnym kommentariem i prilozheniem postanovleniy (Da Min lyuy tszi
tsze fu li). Per. s kit., issled., primech. i prilozh. N.P. Svistunovoy. Ch. 1. — M.: Izdatel'skaya firma «Vostoch-
naya literatura» RAN, 1997 — 576 s.
4. Zakony Velikoy dinastii Min so svodnym kommentariem i prilozheniem postanovleniy (Da Min lyuy tszi
tsze fu li). Per. s kit., issled., primech. i prilozh. N.P. Svistunovoy. Ch. 3. — M.: Izdatel'skaya firma «Vostoch-
naya literatura» RAN. 2012. — 444 s.
5. Istoriya gosudarstva i prava zarubezhnykh stran: uchebnik dlya vuzov. Ch. 1 / pod red. O.A. Zhidkova i N.A. Krashe-
ninnikovoy. — M.: Norma, 2004. — 624 s.
6. Kychanov E.I. Osnovy srednevekovogo kitayskogo prava (VII-XIII vv.). — M.: GRVL, 1986. — 264 s.
7. Kychanov E.I. Prestupleniya protiv imperatora po traditsionnomu kitayskomu pravu // Chetyrnadtsataya nauch-
naya konferentsiya «Obshchestvo i gosudarstvo v Kitae». Tezisy i doklady. Ch. 1. — M., 1983. — S. 135–141.
8. Lemb G. Chingiskhan. Vlastelin mira. — M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2002. — 301 s.
9. Popova I.F. Kategoriya «vernost'» (chzhun) v politicheskoy mysli rannetanskogo Kitaya // Materialy nauchnoy
konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 50-letiyu obrazovaniya Kitayskoy Narodnoy Respubliki. 27–28 oktyabrya 1999 g. —
SPb., 1999. — S. 58–61.
10. Savchenko D.A. Otvetstvennost' za antigosudarstvennye prestupleniya: traditsii Zapada i Vostoka. // Sravni-
tel'noe pravovedenie i problemy sovremennoy yurisprudentsii: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prak-
ticheskoy konferentsii. — Ekaterinburg, 2006. Ch. 4. — S. 192–196.
11. Sravnitel'noe pravovedenie: natsional'nye pravovye sistemy. T. 3. Pravovye sistemy Azii / pod red.
V.I. Lafitskogo. — M.: Institut zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya pri Pravitel'stve RF;
Yuridicheskaya firma «Kontrakt», 2013. — 704 s.
12. Ugolovnye ustanovleniya Tan s raz'yasneniyami (Tan lyuy shu i). Tszyuani 9–16. Per. s kit. i komment. V.M. Ryba-
kova. — SPb.: «Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie», 2001. — 304 s.
13. Chen P.H. Disloyality to the State in Late Imperial China // State and Law in East Asia. — Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz,
1981. 159–183 pp.

Keywords: right to education, the conceptual ideas of the right to education, P. Yurkevich, M. Drahomanov, K. Ushinsky, ². Franko, B. Kistiakowsky.

References:
1. Yurkevich P.D. Kurs obshchey pedagogiki s prilozheniyami. — M.: Tipografiya Gracheva, 1869. — 404 s.
2. Bichko ²., Solod'ko V. Yurkevich Pamf³l // Mala entsikloped³ya etnoderzhavoznavstva. — K.: Dov³ra : Geneza, 1996. —
942 s.
3. Yurkevich P.D. Izbrannoe. — M.: Abris, 1993. — 398 s.
4. Gurenko M.M. Rozvitok pol³tiko-pravovo¿ dumki pro garant³¿ prav ³ svobod lyudini ta gromadyanina: monograf³ya. —
K.: Logos, 2002. — 252 s.
5. Andrusyak T. Shlyakh do svobodi (Mikhaylo Dragomanov pro prava lyudini). — L'v³v: Sv³t, 1998. — 192 s.
6. Dragomanov M.P. Vibrane («… m³y zadum zlozhiti ocherk ³stor³¿ tsiv³l³zats³¿ na Ukra¿n³») / [uporyad. ta avt. ³st.-
b³ogr. narisu R.S. M³shchuk]. — K.: Lib³d', 1991. — 688 s.
7. Yuridichna entsikloped³ya: v 6 t. / Redkol.: Yu.S. Shemshuchenko (golova redkol.) ta ³n. — K.: «Ukr. Entsikl.», 1998.
T. 6. S. 243–244.
8. Ushins'kiy K.D. Lyudina yak predmet vikhovannya. Sproba pedagog³chno¿ antropolog³¿ // Tvori: v 6 t. — K.: Rad. shk.,
1952. T. 4. — 490 s.
9. Dovbnya V. Kostyantin Ushins'kiy yak fundator f³losofs'ko-osv³tn'o¿ dumki Ukra¿ni // F³losof³ya osv³ti. — 2007. —
¹1(6). — S. 240-243.
10. Senk³v O.M. K.Ushins'kiy pro narodne vikhovannya p³drostayuchogo pokol³nnya // Pedagog³chniy al'manakh. — 2011. —
Vip. 9. — S. 267–273.
11. Ushins'kiy K.D. R³dne slovo // Vibran³ pedagog³chn³ tvori: v 2 t. — K.: Rad. shk., 1983. T. 2. — 359 s.
12. Kolod³y A.M., Ol³ynik A.Yu. Prava lyudini ³ gromadyanina v Ukra¿n³: uchebn. posob. — K.: Yur³nkom ²nter, 2003. —
336 s.
13. Kistyakovskiy B.A. Filosofiya i sotsiologiya prava. — SPb.: RKhGI, 1999. — 800 s.
14. Kistyakovskiy B. K voprosu o samostoyatel'noy ukrainskoy kul'ture // Russkaya mysl'. — 1911. — ¹5. —
S. 131–146.

References (transliteration):
1. Yurkevich P.D. Kurs obshchey pedagogiki s prilozheniyami. — M.: Tipografiya Gracheva, 1869. — 404 s.
2. Bichko ²., Solod'ko V. Yurkevich Pamf³l // Mala entsikloped³ya etnoderzhavoznavstva. — K.: Dov³ra : Geneza, 1996. —
942 s.
3. Yurkevich P.D. Izbrannoe. — M.: Abris, 1993. — 398 s.
4. Gurenko M.M. Rozvitok pol³tiko-pravovo¿ dumki pro garant³¿ prav ³ svobod lyudini ta gromadyanina: monograf³ya. —
K.: Logos, 2002. — 252 s.
5. Andrusyak T. Shlyakh do svobodi (Mikhaylo Dragomanov pro prava lyudini). — L'v³v: Sv³t, 1998. — 192 s.
6. Dragomanov M.P. Vibrane («… m³y zadum zlozhiti ocherk ³stor³¿ tsiv³l³zats³¿ na Ukra¿n³») / [uporyad. ta avt. ³st.-
b³ogr. narisu R.S. M³shchuk]. — K.: Lib³d', 1991. — 688 s.
7. Yuridichna entsikloped³ya: v 6 t. / Redkol.: Yu.S. Shemshuchenko (golova redkol.) ta ³n. — K.: «Ukr. Entsikl.», 1998.
T. 6. S. 243–244.
8. Ushins'kiy K.D. Lyudina yak predmet vikhovannya. Sproba pedagog³chno¿ antropolog³¿ // Tvori: v 6 t. — K.: Rad. shk.,
1952. T. 4. — 490 s.
9. Dovbnya V. Kostyantin Ushins'kiy yak fundator f³losofs'ko-osv³tn'o¿ dumki Ukra¿ni // F³losof³ya osv³ti. — 2007. —
¹1(6). — S. 240-243.
10. Senk³v O.M. K.Ushins'kiy pro narodne vikhovannya p³drostayuchogo pokol³nnya // Pedagog³chniy al'manakh. — 2011. —
Vip. 9. — S. 267–273.
11. Ushins'kiy K.D. R³dne slovo // Vibran³ pedagog³chn³ tvori: v 2 t. — K.: Rad. shk., 1983. T. 2. — 359 s.
12. Kolod³y A.M., Ol³ynik A.Yu. Prava lyudini ³ gromadyanina v Ukra¿n³: uchebn. posob. — K.: Yur³nkom ²nter, 2003. —
336 s.
13. Kistyakovskiy B.A. Filosofiya i sotsiologiya prava. — SPb.: RKhGI, 1999. — 800 s.
14. Kistyakovskiy B. K voprosu o samostoyatel'noy ukrainskoy kul'ture // Russkaya mysl'. — 1911. — ¹5. —
S. 131–146.

Abstract: By the use of historical methods of research the article paints a picture of the formation of the institute of international legal assistance in civil cases in Soviet law. The main factor which influenced on this process was international law policy of the Soviet state. Main stages of the formation of the institute of international legal assistance in civil matters are highlighted.

Keywords: international legal assistance in civil matters, international law policy of the USSR, modern international law, the new economic policy, emigration from the USSR.

References:
1. Ustav Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy (N'yu-York,1945 g.) // Sbornik deystvuyushchikh dogovorov, soglasheniy
i konventsiy, zaklyuchennykh SSSR s inostrannymi gosudarstvami. Vyp. XII. M., 1956.
2. Vseobshchaya deklaratsiya prav cheloveka: prinyata General'noy Assambleey OON (N'yu-York, 1948 g.) // Prava che-
loveka. Sbornik mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. N'yu-York: Organizatsiya Ob'edinennykh Natsiy, 1978.
3. Obmen notami ob ispolnenii sudebnykh porucheniy po grazhdanskim delam na usloviyakh vzaimnosti mezhdu
SSSR i Frantsiey (Moskva, 1930 g.) // Ofitsial'no opublikovan ne byl.
4. Obmen notami o poryadke ispolneniya sudebnykh porucheniy mezhdu SSSR i Soedinennymi Shtatami Ameriki
(Moskva, 1935 g.) // Sobranie zakonov i rasporyazheniy Raboche-Krest'yanskogo Pravitel'stva SSSR. Otdel vto-
roy. 1936. ¹ 4. St. 44.
5. Soglashenie mezhdu SSSR i Frantsiey o peredache sudebnykh i notarial'nykh dokumentov i vypolnenii su-
debnykh porucheniy po grazhdanskim i torgovym delam (Moskva, 1938 g.) // Sbornik deystvuyushchikh dogovorov,
soglasheniy i konventsiy, zaklyuchennykh SSSR s inostrannymi gosudarstvami. Vyp. IX. M., 1938.
6. Dogovor mezhdu SSSR i Vengerskoy Narodnoy Respublikoy ob okazanii pravovoy pomoshchi po grazhdanskim,
semeynym i ugolovnym delam (Moskva, 1958 g.) // Byulleten' Verkhovnogo Suda RF. 2006. ¹ 5.
7. Dogovor mezhdu SSSR i Rumynskoy Narodnoy Respublikoy ob okazanii pravovoy pomoshchi po grazhdanskim,
semeynym i ugolovnym delam (Moskva, 1958 g.) // Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1958. ¹ 21. St. 329.
8. Dogovor mezhdu SSSR i Narodnoy Respublikoy Albaniey ob okazanii pravovoy pomoshchi po grazhdanskim,
semeyno-brachnym i ugolovnym (Moskva, 1958 g.) // Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1959. ¹ 10. St. 72.
9. O poryadke vyvoza i perevoda za granitsu valyutnykh tsennostey: Dekret VTsIK SNK RSFSR ot 19 aprelya 1923 g. //
Sobr. Uzak. RSFSR. 1923. ¹ 32. St. 360.
10. O poryadke dopushcheniya inostrannykh firm k proizvodstvu torgovykh operatsiy v predelakh R.S.F.S.R.: Dekret
VTsIK SNK RSFSR ot 12 aprelya 1923 g. // Sobr. Uzak. RSFSR. 1923. ¹ 31. St. 345.
11. Osnovnoy zakon RSFSR // SU RSFSR. 1918. ¹ 51. St. 582; Osnovnoy Zakon (Konstitutsiya) SSSR 1924 g. //
Vestnik TsIK, SNK i STO SSSR. 1924. ¹ 2. St. 24.
12. Kodeks zakonov o brake, sem'ey i opeke ot 19 noyabrya 1926 g. // SU RSFSR. 1926. ¹ 82. St. 612.
13. Grazhdanskiy protsessual'nyy kodeks R.S.F.S.R.: utv. Postanovleniem VTsIK RSFSR ot 10 iyulya 1923 g. //
Sobr. Uzak. RSFSR. 1923. ¹ 46-47. St. 478.
14. O poryadke zaklyucheniya i ratifikatsii mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov Soyuza SSR: Postanovlenie TsIK SSSR ot
17 maya 1925 g. // SZ SSSR. 1925. St.258.

References (transliteration):
1. Ustav Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy (N'yu-York,1945 g.) // Sbornik deystvuyushchikh dogovorov, soglasheniy
i konventsiy, zaklyuchennykh SSSR s inostrannymi gosudarstvami. Vyp. XII. M., 1956.
2. Vseobshchaya deklaratsiya prav cheloveka: prinyata General'noy Assambleey OON (N'yu-York, 1948 g.) // Prava che-
loveka. Sbornik mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. N'yu-York: Organizatsiya Ob'edinennykh Natsiy, 1978.
3. Obmen notami ob ispolnenii sudebnykh porucheniy po grazhdanskim delam na usloviyakh vzaimnosti mezhdu
SSSR i Frantsiey (Moskva, 1930 g.) // Ofitsial'no opublikovan ne byl.
4. Obmen notami o poryadke ispolneniya sudebnykh porucheniy mezhdu SSSR i Soedinennymi Shtatami Ameriki
(Moskva, 1935 g.) // Sobranie zakonov i rasporyazheniy Raboche-Krest'yanskogo Pravitel'stva SSSR. Otdel vto-
roy. 1936. ¹ 4. St. 44.
5. Soglashenie mezhdu SSSR i Frantsiey o peredache sudebnykh i notarial'nykh dokumentov i vypolnenii su-
debnykh porucheniy po grazhdanskim i torgovym delam (Moskva, 1938 g.) // Sbornik deystvuyushchikh dogovorov,
soglasheniy i konventsiy, zaklyuchennykh SSSR s inostrannymi gosudarstvami. Vyp. IX. M., 1938.
6. Dogovor mezhdu SSSR i Vengerskoy Narodnoy Respublikoy ob okazanii pravovoy pomoshchi po grazhdanskim,
semeynym i ugolovnym delam (Moskva, 1958 g.) // Byulleten' Verkhovnogo Suda RF. 2006. ¹ 5.
7. Dogovor mezhdu SSSR i Rumynskoy Narodnoy Respublikoy ob okazanii pravovoy pomoshchi po grazhdanskim,
semeynym i ugolovnym delam (Moskva, 1958 g.) // Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1958. ¹ 21. St. 329.
8. Dogovor mezhdu SSSR i Narodnoy Respublikoy Albaniey ob okazanii pravovoy pomoshchi po grazhdanskim,
semeyno-brachnym i ugolovnym (Moskva, 1958 g.) // Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1959. ¹ 10. St. 72.
9. O poryadke vyvoza i perevoda za granitsu valyutnykh tsennostey: Dekret VTsIK SNK RSFSR ot 19 aprelya 1923 g. //
Sobr. Uzak. RSFSR. 1923. ¹ 32. St. 360.
10. O poryadke dopushcheniya inostrannykh firm k proizvodstvu torgovykh operatsiy v predelakh R.S.F.S.R.: Dekret
VTsIK SNK RSFSR ot 12 aprelya 1923 g. // Sobr. Uzak. RSFSR. 1923. ¹ 31. St. 345.
11. Osnovnoy zakon RSFSR // SU RSFSR. 1918. ¹ 51. St. 582; Osnovnoy Zakon (Konstitutsiya) SSSR 1924 g. //
Vestnik TsIK, SNK i STO SSSR. 1924. ¹ 2. St. 24.
12. Kodeks zakonov o brake, sem'ey i opeke ot 19 noyabrya 1926 g. // SU RSFSR. 1926. ¹ 82. St. 612.
13. Grazhdanskiy protsessual'nyy kodeks R.S.F.S.R.: utv. Postanovleniem VTsIK RSFSR ot 10 iyulya 1923 g. //
Sobr. Uzak. RSFSR. 1923. ¹ 46-47. St. 478.
14. O poryadke zaklyucheniya i ratifikatsii mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov Soyuza SSR: Postanovlenie TsIK SSSR ot
17 maya 1925 g. // SZ SSSR. 1925. St.258.

Abstract: The present article is devoted to formation and development of institute of the law in the territory of the pre- Soviet period, Soviet period and Post-Soviet period of Tajikistan. The pre-Soviet period, i.e. since ancient times before establishment of the Soviet power in the territory of modern Tajikistan, Soviet period, i.e. from the moment of establishment of the Soviet power to the beginning of the 90th years of the XX century, Post-Soviet period i.e. from about the beginning of the 90th years of last century to these days.

Keywords: law, usual and religious norms, Avesta, Koran, Yasa, Tuzuki, legislation of the Russian Empire, Sharia, Decree, Constitution, Bukhara National Soviet Republic, Turkestan ASSR, Tajik ASSR, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, the laws of the Republic of Tajikistan adopted by a referendum, the constitutional laws, codes.

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2001. 548 s.
17. Morozova L.A. Konstitutsionnoe regulirovanie v SSSR. M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1985.
18. Nematov A.R. Kodifikatsiya zakonodatel'stva Respubliki Tadzhikistan (istoricheskiy i prakticheskiy
aspekt): Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2007. 143 s.
19. Nematov A.R. Kodifikatsiya zakonodatel'stva Respubliki Tadzhikistan. M.: Sputnik +, 2008. 123 s.
20. Osnovy zakonodatel'stva Soyuza SSR i soyuznykh respublik. M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1987. 512 s.
21. Polenina S.V., Sil'chenko N.V. Nauchnye osnovy tipologii normativno-pravovykh aktov v SSSR. M.: Nauka,
1987. 151 s.
22. Rene David. Osnovnye pravovye sistemy sovremennosti. M.: Progress, 1988. S. 398.
23. Svod zakonov Respubliki Tadzhikistan. Dushanbe: Konuniyat, 2002. T. 1.
24. Takhirov F.T. Aktual'nye problemy istorii i teorii gosudarstva i prava v usloviyakh gosudarstvennoy ne-
zavisimosti Respubliki Tadzhikistan. Dushanbe: Donish, 2009. 369 c.
25. Takhirov F.T. Pravovaya sistema dorevolyutsionnogo Tadzhikistana. Dushanbe, 1998. 70 s.
26. Takhirov F.T. Pyatnadtsat' voprosov i otvetov po shariatu. Dushanbe, 1997. 10 s.
27. Takhirov F.T., Khalikov A.G. Deklaratsiya velikogo Kira kak istoricheskiy istochnik o pravakh i svobodakh che-
loveka // Dukhovnaya kul'tura tadzhikov v istorii mirovoy tsivilizatsii. Dushanbe: Donish, 2002. S. 113-126.
28. Tokhirov N.F. Razvitie zakonodatel'noy deyatel'nosti v Tadzhikistane (1917-2007 gg.). Dushanbe: E?od, 2009. 212 c.
29. Khalikov A.G. Istoriya gosudarstva i prava Tadzhikistana. Dushanbe: Matbuot, 2002. Ch.1. 301s.
30. Emomali Rakhmon. Doklad na pervoy sessii Madzhlisi Oli Respubliki Tadzhikistan ot 7 aprelya 1995 g.
Dushanbe.

References (transliteration):
1. Babaev A.D., Karimov T.D. Avesta: po sledam drevneyshey tsivilizatsii tadzhikov. Khudzhand, 2001. 190 s.
2. Buriev I.B. Deystvie musul'manskogo prava v dorevolyutsionnom Tadzhikistane (VIII — nachalo KhKh vv.).
Dushanbe, 1999. 199 s.
3. Buriev I.B. Istoriya gosudarstva i prava Tadzhikistana (ot drevneyshikh vremen do nachala KhKh veka). Dushan-
be: Irfon, 2007. T. 1. Ch. 1-2. 244 s.
4. Buriev I.B. Sudebnye instituty gosudarstvennosti dosovetskogo Tadzhikistana. Dushanbe: Irfon, 2010.
188 s.
5. Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. M., 1954. ¹ 15.
6. Vernadskiy G.V. O sostave Velikoy Yasy. Bryussel', 1939.
7. Vsemirnaya istoriya / Pod red. S.L. Utchenko, D.P. Kallistova, A.I. Pavlovskoy, V.V. Struve. M., 1956. T. 2.
898 s.
8. Gafurov A.M. Revkomy Tadzhikistana (1917-1924 gg.). Dushanbe: Donish, 2008. 144 s.
9. Gafurov B. Tadzhiki (drevneyshaya, drevnyaya i srednevekovaya istoriya). Dushanbe: Irfon, 1989. Kn. 1. 384 s.
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11. Kerimov D.A. Metodologiya prava (predmet, funktsii, problemy filosofii prava). M.: Avanta+, 2000. 560 s.
12. Kozachkovskiy V.A. Ot feodalizma do pobedy sotsializma. Dushanbe: Irfon, 1966. 271 s.
13. Koldaeva N.P. Sotsial'no-politicheskie faktory pravotvorchestva // Nauchnye osnovy sovetskogo pravotvor-
chestva / Pod. red. Khalfinoy R.O. M: Nauka, 1981. 310 s.
14. Konstitutsiya (Osnovnoy zakon) Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik. M., 1985.
15. Kosarev A.I. Istoriya gosudarstva i prava zarubezhnykh stran. M.: Norma. 2003. 464 s.
16. Kuchma V.V. Gosudarstvo i pravo drevnego mira i srednikh vekov. Volgograd: Izd. Volgogradskogo. gos. un-ta,
2001. 548 s.
17. Morozova L.A. Konstitutsionnoe regulirovanie v SSSR. M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1985.
18. Nematov A.R. Kodifikatsiya zakonodatel'stva Respubliki Tadzhikistan (istoricheskiy i prakticheskiy
aspekt): Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2007. 143 s.
19. Nematov A.R. Kodifikatsiya zakonodatel'stva Respubliki Tadzhikistan. M.: Sputnik +, 2008. 123 s.
20. Osnovy zakonodatel'stva Soyuza SSR i soyuznykh respublik. M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1987. 512 s.
21. Polenina S.V., Sil'chenko N.V. Nauchnye osnovy tipologii normativno-pravovykh aktov v SSSR. M.: Nauka,
1987. 151 s.
22. Rene David. Osnovnye pravovye sistemy sovremennosti. M.: Progress, 1988. S. 398.
23. Svod zakonov Respubliki Tadzhikistan. Dushanbe: Konuniyat, 2002. T. 1.
24. Takhirov F.T. Aktual'nye problemy istorii i teorii gosudarstva i prava v usloviyakh gosudarstvennoy ne-
zavisimosti Respubliki Tadzhikistan. Dushanbe: Donish, 2009. 369 c.
25. Takhirov F.T. Pravovaya sistema dorevolyutsionnogo Tadzhikistana. Dushanbe, 1998. 70 s.
26. Takhirov F.T. Pyatnadtsat' voprosov i otvetov po shariatu. Dushanbe, 1997. 10 s.
27. Takhirov F.T., Khalikov A.G. Deklaratsiya velikogo Kira kak istoricheskiy istochnik o pravakh i svobodakh che-
loveka // Dukhovnaya kul'tura tadzhikov v istorii mirovoy tsivilizatsii. Dushanbe: Donish, 2002. S. 113-126.
28. Tokhirov N.F. Razvitie zakonodatel'noy deyatel'nosti v Tadzhikistane (1917-2007 gg.). Dushanbe: E?od, 2009. 212 c.
29. Khalikov A.G. Istoriya gosudarstva i prava Tadzhikistana. Dushanbe: Matbuot, 2002. Ch.1. 301s.
30. Emomali Rakhmon. Doklad na pervoy sessii Madzhlisi Oli Respubliki Tadzhikistan ot 7 aprelya 1995 g.
Dushanbe.

Abstract: The works of the german scientist–lawyer, criminologist Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach in the field of philosophy of law and comparative law are analyzed in the article. The historical way in works of Feuerbach from need for knowledge of the foreign law and of the national law up to the appearance of new discipline “comparative law” is shown.

Keywords: Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, comparative law, natural law, philosophy of law.

References:
1. Zivs S.L. O metode sravnitel'nogo issledovaniya v nauke o gosudarstve i prave // Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i
pravo. 1964. ¹3.
2. Konstantinesko L.–Zh. Razvitie sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya // Ocherki sravnitel'nogo prava / Pod red.
V.A. Tumanova. M.: Progress, 1981.
3. Kresin A.V. Kriterii v voprose o genezise sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonoda-
tel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. 2011. ¹ 1.
4. Kresin A.V. Periodizatsiya razvitiya sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya: v poiskakh priemlemoy modeli // Zhurnal
zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. 2010. ¹ 1.
5. Kres?n O.V. Paul' Yogann Anzel'm fon Fey?rbakh ? pitannya pro genezu por?vnyal'nogo pravoznavstva //
Por?vnyal'no–pravov? dosl?dzhennya. 2011. ¹2.
6. Piontkovskiy A.A. Ugolovno–pravovye vozzreniya Kanta, A. Feyerbakha i Fikhte. M., 1940.
7. Saidov A.Kh. Sravnitel'noe pravovedenie: Kratkiy ucheb. kurs. M.: NORMA, 2006.
8. Fey?rbakh P.Y.A. Poglyad na n?mets'ke pravoznavstvo / Per. O.A. Shabl?y; za red. O.V. Kres?na // Por?vnyal'no–
pravov? dosl?dzhennya. 2011. ¹2.
9. Tsvaygert K., Ketts Kh. Vvedenie v sravnitel'noe pravovedenie v sfere chastnogo prava: V 2–kh tt. T. I: Osnovy.
M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2000.
10. Abolition of the Code Napoleon in the Rhenish Provinces // The Jurist: or, Quarterly Journal of Jurisprudence and
Legislation. 1827. Vol. 1. June.
11. Bericht uber den III Internationalalen Kongress fur Philosophie. Heidelberg, 1909.
12. Beurtheilung der neuesten criminalistischen Schriften // Neues archiv des criminalrechts. Band 8. Halle, 1826.
13. Cattaneo M.A. Anselm Feuerbach, filosofo e giurista liberale. Milano, 1970.
14. Cooper C.P. An Account of the most important Public Records of Great Britain, and the Publications of the Record
Commissioners, together with other Miscellaneous, Historical, and Antiquarian Information. Compiled from various
printed Books and MSS // The law magazine, or, Quarterly review of jurisprudence. Vol. 7. London, 1832.
15. Ewald W. Comparative jurisprudence (I): What was it like to try a rat? // University of Pennsylvania law review. 1995.
Vol. 143.
16. Falck [N.N.] Allgemeine Betrachtungen über Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft // Kieler Blåtter. Band 1. Kiel,
Hamburg, 1819.
17. Falck R. Juristische Encyclopädie auch zum Gebrauche bei akademischen Vorlesungen. 4 aufl. Leipzig, 1839.
18. von Feuerbach A. Blick auf die deutsche Rechtswissenschaft // Kleine Schriften vermischten Inhalts. Nurnberg:
Berlag von Theodor Otto, 1833.
19. von Feuerbach A. Idee und Notwendigkeit einer Universal–jurisprudenz // Biographisher Nachlass. Leipzig:
J.J. Weber, 1853.
20. von Feuerbach A. Themis oder Beitrage zur Gesetzgebung. Landshut, 1812.
21. von Feuerbach P.J.A. Vorrede. Blick auf die teutsche Rechtswissenschaft // Unterholzner, Carl August Dominik.
Juristische Abhandlungen. München, 1810.
22. Geib G. Ueber die Nothwendigkelt einer vergleichenden Berücksichtigung der neueren Strafgesetzbücher bei
Darstellung des gemeinen deutschen Criminalrechts // Archiv des Criminalrechts. Band 17. Halle, 1836.
23. Hamza G. Comparative law and Antiquity. Budapest: Akademiai kiado, 1991.
24. Hanisch E. Kritische Einleitung in das bürgerliche Recht des franzosischen Reiches, mit vergleichenden Blicken
auf das römische, gemeine deutsche, sächsische, und vorzüglich das preussische Recht, von dem Regierungsrathe.
Band 1. Abtheilung 1, 2. Hildburghausen, 1808–1809.
25. Henfe H.W.E. Ueber das Studium des Römischen Rechts. Rede, beym Antritte des Prorektorates am 2ten November
1814 // Litterarisches Archiv der Akademie zu Bern. B. 4. Bern, 1814.
26. Hoffman D. A course of legal study: addressed to students and the profession generally ... 2–nd ed. Vol. 1. Baltimore, 1836.
27. Hoffman D. A course of legal study: respectfully addressed to the students of law in the United States. Baltimore:
Coale and Maxwell, 1817.
28. Hug W. The history of comparative law // Harvard law review. 1931–1932. Vol. 45.
29. Kötz H. Comparative law in Germany today // Revue internationale de droit compare. 1999. ¹4.
30. Mohnhaupt H. Universalgeschichte, Universal–Jurisprudenz und rechtsvergleichende Methode im Werk P.J.A.
Feuerbachs // Rechtsgeschichte in den beiden deutschen Staaten (1988–1990): Beispiele, Parallelen, Positionen / Hrsg.
Von H. Mohnhaupt. Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1991.
31. Radbruch G. Anselm v. Feuerbach und die vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft // Radbruch G. Gesamtausgabe / Hrsg.
von A. Kaufmann. — Bd. 6 / bearb. von G. Haney. Heidelberg: Muller, 1997.
32. Radbruch G. Anselme Feuerbach precurseur du droit compare // Radbruch G. Gesamtausgabe / Hrsg. von
A. Kaufmann. Bd. 6 / bearb. von G. Haney. — Heidelberg: Muller, 1997. R. 306–307. (Pervoe izdanie etoy stat'i — v
sbornike Recueil d’Etudes en l’honneur d’Edouard Lambert. Vol. I. Paris, 1938).
33. Radbruch G. Paul Johann Anselm Feuerbach. Ein Juristenleben. Wien, 1934.
34. von Savigny F.C. Stimmen für und wider neue Gesetzbücher // Zeitschrift für geschichtliche Rechtswissenschaft.
Bd. 3. Berlin, 1817.
35. Schwenzer I. Development of comparative law in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria / The Oxford handbook of
comparative law / Ed. by M. Reimann, R. Zimmermann. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
36. Thibaut A.F.J. Ueber die Nothwendigkeit eines allgemeinen burgerlichen Rechts fur Deutschland // Civilistische
Abhandlungen. Heidelberg: Mohr und Zimmer, 1814.
37. Del Vecchio G. Les bases du droit comparé et les principes généraux du droit // Revue internationale de droit comparé.
1960. Vol. 12. ¹ 3. Juillet–septembre.
38. Del Vecchio G. Les bases du droit comparé et les principes généraux du droit // Revue internationale de droit comparé.
1960. Vol. 12. ¹3. Juillet–septembre.
39. del Vecchio G. Sull’Idea di una Scienza del Diritto Universale Comparato. 2–edi. Heidelberg, 1909. (Otdel'nyy ot-
tisk iz zhurnala “Revista italiana per le scienza giuridiche” (1909, Vol. XLV)).
40. von Weber H.B. Ueber das Studium der Rechtswissenschaft und insbesondere der Strafrechtswissenschaft. Tübingen:
Laupp, 1825.
41. Zeitschrift für geschichtliche Rechtswissenschaft. Band 3. Heft 1 // Heidelberger Jahrbücher der Literatur. Band 11.
Heidelberg, 1818.
42. Zusammenstellung der Verzeichnisse der juristischen Vorlesungen auf den deutschen Universitäten im Winterhalbjahre
1828–1829 // Jahrbücher der gesammten deutschen juristischen literatur. — Band 9. Erlangen, 1828.
43. Zusammenstellung der Verzeichnisse der juristischen Vorlesungen auf den deutschen Universitäten im Winterhalbjahre
1829/30 // Jahrbücher der gesammten deutschen juristischen literatur. Band 12. Erlangen, 1829.

References (transliteration):
1. Zivs S.L. O metode sravnitel'nogo issledovaniya v nauke o gosudarstve i prave // Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i
pravo. 1964. ¹3.
2. Konstantinesko L.–Zh. Razvitie sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya // Ocherki sravnitel'nogo prava / Pod red.
V.A. Tumanova. M.: Progress, 1981.
3. Kresin A.V. Kriterii v voprose o genezise sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonoda-
tel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. 2011. ¹ 1.
4. Kresin A.V. Periodizatsiya razvitiya sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya: v poiskakh priemlemoy modeli // Zhurnal
zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya. 2010. ¹ 1.
5. Kres?n O.V. Paul' Yogann Anzel'm fon Fey?rbakh ? pitannya pro genezu por?vnyal'nogo pravoznavstva //
Por?vnyal'no–pravov? dosl?dzhennya. 2011. ¹2.
6. Piontkovskiy A.A. Ugolovno–pravovye vozzreniya Kanta, A. Feyerbakha i Fikhte. M., 1940.
7. Saidov A.Kh. Sravnitel'noe pravovedenie: Kratkiy ucheb. kurs. M.: NORMA, 2006.
8. Fey?rbakh P.Y.A. Poglyad na n?mets'ke pravoznavstvo / Per. O.A. Shabl?y; za red. O.V. Kres?na // Por?vnyal'no–
pravov? dosl?dzhennya. 2011. ¹2.
9. Tsvaygert K., Ketts Kh. Vvedenie v sravnitel'noe pravovedenie v sfere chastnogo prava: V 2–kh tt. T. I: Osnovy.
M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2000.
10. Abolition of the Code Napoleon in the Rhenish Provinces // The Jurist: or, Quarterly Journal of Jurisprudence and
Legislation. 1827. Vol. 1. June.
11. Bericht uber den III Internationalalen Kongress fur Philosophie. Heidelberg, 1909.
12. Beurtheilung der neuesten criminalistischen Schriften // Neues archiv des criminalrechts. Band 8. Halle, 1826.
13. Cattaneo M.A. Anselm Feuerbach, filosofo e giurista liberale. Milano, 1970.
14. Cooper C.P. An Account of the most important Public Records of Great Britain, and the Publications of the Record
Commissioners, together with other Miscellaneous, Historical, and Antiquarian Information. Compiled from various
printed Books and MSS // The law magazine, or, Quarterly review of jurisprudence. Vol. 7. London, 1832.
15. Ewald W. Comparative jurisprudence (I): What was it like to try a rat? // University of Pennsylvania law review. 1995.
Vol. 143.
16. Falck [N.N.] Allgemeine Betrachtungen über Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft // Kieler Blåtter. Band 1. Kiel,
Hamburg, 1819.
17. Falck R. Juristische Encyclopädie auch zum Gebrauche bei akademischen Vorlesungen. 4 aufl. Leipzig, 1839.
18. von Feuerbach A. Blick auf die deutsche Rechtswissenschaft // Kleine Schriften vermischten Inhalts. Nurnberg:
Berlag von Theodor Otto, 1833.
19. von Feuerbach A. Idee und Notwendigkeit einer Universal–jurisprudenz // Biographisher Nachlass. Leipzig:
J.J. Weber, 1853.
20. von Feuerbach A. Themis oder Beitrage zur Gesetzgebung. Landshut, 1812.
21. von Feuerbach P.J.A. Vorrede. Blick auf die teutsche Rechtswissenschaft // Unterholzner, Carl August Dominik.
Juristische Abhandlungen. München, 1810.
22. Geib G. Ueber die Nothwendigkelt einer vergleichenden Berücksichtigung der neueren Strafgesetzbücher bei
Darstellung des gemeinen deutschen Criminalrechts // Archiv des Criminalrechts. Band 17. Halle, 1836.
23. Hamza G. Comparative law and Antiquity. Budapest: Akademiai kiado, 1991.
24. Hanisch E. Kritische Einleitung in das bürgerliche Recht des franzosischen Reiches, mit vergleichenden Blicken
auf das römische, gemeine deutsche, sächsische, und vorzüglich das preussische Recht, von dem Regierungsrathe.
Band 1. Abtheilung 1, 2. Hildburghausen, 1808–1809.
25. Henfe H.W.E. Ueber das Studium des Römischen Rechts. Rede, beym Antritte des Prorektorates am 2ten November
1814 // Litterarisches Archiv der Akademie zu Bern. B. 4. Bern, 1814.
26. Hoffman D. A course of legal study: addressed to students and the profession generally ... 2–nd ed. Vol. 1. Baltimore, 1836.
27. Hoffman D. A course of legal study: respectfully addressed to the students of law in the United States. Baltimore:
Coale and Maxwell, 1817.
28. Hug W. The history of comparative law // Harvard law review. 1931–1932. Vol. 45.
29. Kötz H. Comparative law in Germany today // Revue internationale de droit compare. 1999. ¹4.
30. Mohnhaupt H. Universalgeschichte, Universal–Jurisprudenz und rechtsvergleichende Methode im Werk P.J.A.
Feuerbachs // Rechtsgeschichte in den beiden deutschen Staaten (1988–1990): Beispiele, Parallelen, Positionen / Hrsg.
Von H. Mohnhaupt. Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1991.
31. Radbruch G. Anselm v. Feuerbach und die vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft // Radbruch G. Gesamtausgabe / Hrsg.
von A. Kaufmann. — Bd. 6 / bearb. von G. Haney. Heidelberg: Muller, 1997.
32. Radbruch G. Anselme Feuerbach precurseur du droit compare // Radbruch G. Gesamtausgabe / Hrsg. von
A. Kaufmann. Bd. 6 / bearb. von G. Haney. — Heidelberg: Muller, 1997. R. 306–307. (Pervoe izdanie etoy stat'i — v
sbornike Recueil d’Etudes en l’honneur d’Edouard Lambert. Vol. I. Paris, 1938).
33. Radbruch G. Paul Johann Anselm Feuerbach. Ein Juristenleben. Wien, 1934.
34. von Savigny F.C. Stimmen für und wider neue Gesetzbücher // Zeitschrift für geschichtliche Rechtswissenschaft.
Bd. 3. Berlin, 1817.
35. Schwenzer I. Development of comparative law in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria / The Oxford handbook of
comparative law / Ed. by M. Reimann, R. Zimmermann. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
36. Thibaut A.F.J. Ueber die Nothwendigkeit eines allgemeinen burgerlichen Rechts fur Deutschland // Civilistische
Abhandlungen. Heidelberg: Mohr und Zimmer, 1814.
37. Del Vecchio G. Les bases du droit comparé et les principes généraux du droit // Revue internationale de droit comparé.
1960. Vol. 12. ¹ 3. Juillet–septembre.
38. Del Vecchio G. Les bases du droit comparé et les principes généraux du droit // Revue internationale de droit comparé.
1960. Vol. 12. ¹3. Juillet–septembre.
39. del Vecchio G. Sull’Idea di una Scienza del Diritto Universale Comparato. 2–edi. Heidelberg, 1909. (Otdel'nyy ot-
tisk iz zhurnala “Revista italiana per le scienza giuridiche” (1909, Vol. XLV)).
40. von Weber H.B. Ueber das Studium der Rechtswissenschaft und insbesondere der Strafrechtswissenschaft. Tübingen:
Laupp, 1825.
41. Zeitschrift für geschichtliche Rechtswissenschaft. Band 3. Heft 1 // Heidelberger Jahrbücher der Literatur. Band 11.
Heidelberg, 1818.
42. Zusammenstellung der Verzeichnisse der juristischen Vorlesungen auf den deutschen Universitäten im Winterhalbjahre
1828–1829 // Jahrbücher der gesammten deutschen juristischen literatur. — Band 9. Erlangen, 1828.
43. Zusammenstellung der Verzeichnisse der juristischen Vorlesungen auf den deutschen Universitäten im Winterhalbjahre
1829/30 // Jahrbücher der gesammten deutschen juristischen literatur. Band 12. Erlangen, 1829.

Abstract: The Author, famous Dutch lawyer who took part in consulting for group of Russian experts involved into the process of creating of Russian Civil Code, estimates the reform, its scope, legal results, and personal contribution of G.E. Avilov in codification of Russian civil law.

Keywords: civil law, the netherlands, comparative law, G.E. Avilov, reform of civil law in Russia, Russian Civil Code, history of law, codification.

References:
1. Grazhdanskiy kodeks Niderlandov / Per. s niderlandskogo M. Fershtman; otv. red. F. Fel'dbryugge. Leyden,
2000.
2. Puti k novomu pravu / Pod red. M.M. Boguslavskogo, R. Kniper. Berlin, 1998.
3. W. Snijders. “The Russian Experience: A Dutch Perspective on Legal Collaboration”. J. Arnscheidt, B. Van Rooij,
J.M. Otto (eds.). Lawmaking for Development. Explorations into the theory and practice of international legislative
projects. Leiden, 2008
4. J.R. Wedel in Collision and Collusion. The Strange Case of Western Aid to Eastern Europe, London, 1998.

References (transliteration):
1. Grazhdanskiy kodeks Niderlandov / Per. s niderlandskogo M. Fershtman; otv. red. F. Fel'dbryugge. Leyden,
2000.
2. Puti k novomu pravu / Pod red. M.M. Boguslavskogo, R. Kniper. Berlin, 1998.
3. W. Snijders. “The Russian Experience: A Dutch Perspective on Legal Collaboration”. J. Arnscheidt, B. Van Rooij,
J.M. Otto (eds.). Lawmaking for Development. Explorations into the theory and practice of international legislative
projects. Leiden, 2008
4. J.R. Wedel in Collision and Collusion. The Strange Case of Western Aid to Eastern Europe, London, 1998.

Abstract: The article focuses on the history of constitutional development of Japan during the period from the Meiji reforms prior to the promulgation of the Constitution after the World War II.

Keywords: law, legal science, emperor, constitution, election, diet, cabinet, law regulation, political parties.

References:
1. David R. Osnovnye pravovye sistemy sovremennosti / R. David, K. Zhoffre–Spinozi, per. s fr. Tumanova V.A.
M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1999.
2. Istoriya Yaponii (1945–1975). M.: Glavnoe redaktsiya vostochnoy literatury izdatel'stva «Nauka», 1978.
3. Istoriya Yaponii. T. 2. 1868–1998. 2–e izd., isprav. i dop. // Institut vostokovedeniya. RAN. M., 1999.
4. Aldus, Ch. The Police in Occupation Japan: Control, Corruption and Resistance to Reform. Routeledge, 1999.
5. Beasely W.G. The Meiji Restoration. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972.
6. Drea E.J. The 1942 Japanese General Election: Political Mobilization in Wartime Japan, University of Kansas, 1979.
7. Gordon A A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present, NY, Oxford University Press, 2003.
8. Valeo F. R. Morrison Charles E. The Japanese Diet and the U.S. Congress / F. R. Valeo, C. E. Morrison Boulder,
Westview Press, 1983.
9. The Potsdam Declaration, July 1945, Political Reorientation on Japan. Henderson and Haley eds, 1968.

References (transliteration):
1. David R. Osnovnye pravovye sistemy sovremennosti / R. David, K. Zhoffre–Spinozi, per. s fr. Tumanova V.A.
M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1999.
2. Istoriya Yaponii (1945–1975). M.: Glavnoe redaktsiya vostochnoy literatury izdatel'stva «Nauka», 1978.
3. Istoriya Yaponii. T. 2. 1868–1998. 2–e izd., isprav. i dop. // Institut vostokovedeniya. RAN. M., 1999.
4. Aldus, Ch. The Police in Occupation Japan: Control, Corruption and Resistance to Reform. Routeledge, 1999.
5. Beasely W.G. The Meiji Restoration. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972.
6. Drea E.J. The 1942 Japanese General Election: Political Mobilization in Wartime Japan, University of Kansas, 1979.
7. Gordon A A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present, NY, Oxford University Press, 2003.
8. Valeo F. R. Morrison Charles E. The Japanese Diet and the U.S. Congress / F. R. Valeo, C. E. Morrison Boulder,
Westview Press, 1983.
9. The Potsdam Declaration, July 1945, Political Reorientation on Japan. Henderson and Haley eds, 1968.

Abstract: The North American state legal doctrine stems from the War of Independence, the task of the Founding Fathers was to devise political machinery that would enable the divergent aims of the colonies to be reconciled. The constitutionalism became the most important stumbling block between the mother country — the centre of the empire — and the colonies. The American Revolution had two main claims, the first one was creation of the autonomous states and the next one was the adoption of their written constitutions. The outstanding lawyer, the practicing jurist John Adams was among the most active Founding Fathers and two his law’s drafts were taken as a model for the constitutions of some American states.

Keywords: J. Adams, constitutionalism, constitution, project, act, popular, sovereignty, democratic liberties, form, government, republic.

Abstract: From the analysis of historical development of pledge, it is visible that its active development is objectively connected with occurrence of a private property and smashing of large ground possession to small sites, that is pledge, has arisen as alternative of a private responsibility of the debtor.

Keywords: Pledge, development history, civil law institute, private property, the ground areas, responsibility of the debtor, civil–law transactions

Abstract: This article reviews constitutional regulation of the financial relations in foreign countries. Paying substantial attention to the historical aspect, the author investigates such important problems like principles of state budget’s incomes and charges formation, constitutional financial control, monetary emission, constitutional foundations of banking.

Keywords: history of law, comparative law, constitutional law, finances, budget, state debt, monetary emission, control, banking.

Abstract: The Arctic seas and passages represent a great interest as alternative ways from Northern Europe to the Far East. Looks of seafarers are now addressed to the Arctic navigation which has ceased to be risky business owing to progress in a construction of vessels, icebreaking methods of swimming, knowledge of the surrounding polar environment, weather forecasts, human endurance etc.

Keywords: Arctic, international straits, North–West passage, Northern Sea Route, legal regime

Contact information: Ostapenko E.I., eostapenko@scf–group.ru

Abstract: The very first Greek constitution, the Constitution of Ionian islands of 1799 is an example of constitution conferred by Russia to other state while lacking constitution and constitutionalism. It was developed just after the joint Russian–Turkish military operation against France has finished and the Ionian Islands were protected by the Russian fleet under command of admiral F.F. Ushakov. The circumstances of the development of the Constitution was thoroughly researched by the historians; from the constitutional point of view, however, many aspects of the constitutional process were studied insufficiently.
Referring to the analysis of the historical materials about the making of the Constitution of the Ionian Islands, the author gives her own appraisal of the Constitution as an act of «transitional type»: it hardly could be treated as a leading act, compared to the revolutionary constitutions. The value and originality of that Constitution lies in its compromise nature (it demonstrates the mutual settlement of the positions of two cooperating states as well as of the domestic legal traditions), and in it its contribution to the experience of the constitutional expression of the transition to the independence.

Keywords: the Constitution of the Ionian Islands of 1799, constitution historiography, constitution making, novelty of the constitution

Contact information: Andreeva G.N., galina_andreeva@inion.ru

Abstract: The article is devoted to the establishment and evolution of legal doctrine as source of law in the countries of continental Europe in VI–XV centuries. The author analyzes the legacy of the glossators and justified profound doctrinal grounds of the European law. Particular attention is paid to the style of thinking and peculiarity of legal consciousness of the European legal science founders of

Keywords: Comparative law, legal doctrine, a source of law, glossators, post–glossators, reception of law, Roman law, Continental legal family, common law

Contact information: Vasiliev Anton Alexandrovich, antoshka_1998@mail.ru

Abstract: The article is devoted to the legal doctrine as a source of law. The author analyzes historical stages of the evolution of English legal doctrine and the reasons for acknowledgement of doctrinal works of lawyers as a source of law in England. Furthermore, the particularities of English jurisprudence are examined in this edition.
Key words: comparative law, sources of law, legal doctrine, judicial precedent, English law, equity law, conservatism, pragmatism, reasoning by analogy, statutory law

Contact information: Vasiliev Anatoli Anatolievich, vasiliev@mail.ru

Abstract: The author believes that western neoliberalism can be identified as a kind of political practice by means of the reconstruction of the ontological concept of man and society on the value basis with the help of criteria of public and historical reputation.
Key words: comparative law, neoliberalism, models of western neoliberalism, German model of neoliberalism, individualism, egalitarianism, universalism, ontological model of neoliberalism, value judgments

Contact information: Popova Anna Vladislavovna, anna0710@yandex.ru