Abstract: The authors study the discussion on the relationship between parliament and voters in the English journalism of the beginning of the XVIII century. The authors consider one of the attempts of English voters to influence the policy of the already elected parliament – the "Kent Petition" of 1701, the authors of which sought to get the English Parliament to finance military preparations. The petition led to a large-scale discussion on the relationship between parliament and voters, the very ability of the latter to influence the activities of a representative body outside the election procedure. The arguments of the participants in this dispute are the focus of this article. Based on a wide range of sources, it is concluded that the problem of the relationship between parliament and voters became particularly relevant after the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688-1689, when the practice of regular convocation of parliament was established. The article shows that the discussion was conducted by supporters of early English "parties" - groups of Whigs and Tories. If the Whigs defended the right of voters to influence the policy of parliamentarians, the Tories considered such a practice risky and dangerous. The authors note the influence of the concepts of political thought that were widespread at that time on the positions of the parties: for example, the Whigs used the idea of a "social contract", while the Tories relied in their writings on the principle of "balance" between the elements of the English political system.

Keywords: public thought, whigs, tory, the idea of a social contract, Daniel Defoe, parliamentarism, history of Great Britain, journalism, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke

References:
Ayzenshtat, M. (2007). Áðèòàíèÿ Íîâîãî âðåìåíè: ïîëèòè÷åñêàÿ èñòîðèÿ [The Political History of Modern Britain]. Moscow, KDU.
Hobbes, Th. (1991). Ëåâèàôàí, èëè Ìàòåðèÿ, ôîðìà è âëàñòü ãîñóäàðñòâà öåðêîâíîãî è ãðàæäàíñêîãî [Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil], Moscow: Mysl’.
Dmitriewski, N.P. (Ed.). (1946). Çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâî Àíãëèéñêîé ðåâîëþöèè 1640–1660 ãã. [The English Legislation of the Civil War Period]. Moscow, Leningrad: AN SSSR.
Locke, J. (1988). Äâà òðàêòàòà î ïðàâëåíèè [The Two Treatises on Government]. Moscow: Mysl’.
Romashov, R.A. (Ed.). (2022). Ïàðëàìåíòàðèçì: èñòîðèÿ, òåîðèÿ, òåõíîëîãèÿ. [Parliamentarism: History, Theory and Technologies]. Saint-Petersburgh: Aletheia.
Sidorenko, L.V. (2013). Ïðîáëåìà ïîñòîÿííîé àðìèè è Ñëàâíàÿ ðåâîëþöèÿ â Àíãëèè 1688–1689 ãã. [The Standing Army Controversy and the Glorious Revolution]. In: The Works of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History, Saint-Petersburgh: SPbU Press.
Khachatur

Abstract: The subject of this research is the concept of nobleness “l’honnêteté” as the category of ethical and spiritual life in the French society of the XVII century. The ideas of “l’honnêteta” promted the formation of the new cultural and intellectual elite, anew ethos that was relatively supranational and standing above classes, adapted to court and secular life. The focus of the discussion that unfolded in the early XVII century is the question of whether it is possible to become a noble person by cultivating certain personality traits close to the ideal, or nobleness is an inherent quality and determined by social position in the existing hierarchy. The answer to this crucial question of the era had to destroy the stereotypes of medieval mentality. The philosophy of “l’honnêtetit” legitimized the infiltration of the third estate into the ruling class – nobles of the robe and petty nobility. The discussion around nobleness and the new ideal of a noble person performed the function of adaptation of the elites to the changing social conditions – the strengthening absolutism. The debate on the definition of a noble person continued unabated throughout the XVII century. However, by the second half of the XVII century, it was no longer relevant and completely replaced by the gallant ideal. The Russian historical literature did not give due attention to studying the “theory of nobleness”, which defines the relevance of this research. The focus of attentions shifts onto the new ideal that determines behavioral and communication pattern, system of education, and generated French society in the early XVII century; the ideals, which along with the French language and gallant culture, spreads across Europe and comes to Russia.

Keywords: literature of XVII Century, art to please, gallant aesthetics, gallantry, philosophy of XVII Century, aesthetics of XVII Century, theory of honnetete, French literature, French aristocracy, Court of Louis XIV

References:
Moncrit F. A. Essaia sur la necessite et sur les moyens de plaire. Paris, 1738
Collections des mémoires relatifs de l’histoire de France. Mémoires de Montglat. Paris, 1825 T. XVIX
Chappuzeau S. Entretiens familiers pour l'instruction de la noblesse étrangere. Genev, 1671. R. 92
Correspondance complète de Madame duchesse d’Orleans. Paris, 1855. T I.
Callières J. de. La Fortune des gens de qualité, et des gentils-hommes particuliers. Paris, 1658
Oeuvres posthumes de M. Le Chevalier du Mere. Paris, 1700
Oevres completes de madam la marquise de Lambert. Avis d une mere a son fils. Paris, 1808
Gombauld de Mere A. Discours de Monsieur le chevalier de Meré. Lyon, 1690
De la Conversation//Extraordinaire du Mercure Galant. Paris, 1682. T. 20
Scudery M. Conversation nouvelles sur divers sujets, dediiees au roy. 1684. Paris. V.1
Oeuvre de Voiture. Paris, 1855. T.II. P. 149
Le P. Bouhours. Entretiens d’Ariste et d’Eugène. Paris, 1741
Oeuvre

Abstract: The research subject of this study is the British society in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, while the article's research object is the contradiction between the ethical imperatives of the British imperial project and its society's traditional conservative-democratic values, which ultimately became the basis for the conflict between the ideas of nation and empire. The aim of this article is to reconstruct and analyze the specifics of the English society's perception during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries of the imperial project as a threat to the conservative and democratic traditions of Great Britain. The study is grounded on basic scientific principles and methodology of cultural history, while at the same time is based on the fundamental paradigm of imaginary communities and the constructivist theory of identity. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its attempt to examine the contradiction between the imperial ethics and the traditional system of values in the English society, on the one hand, and the elites representing these different projects, on the other. The authors demonstrate the conflict between the culture of governance and the attitude towards the law, established in the British Isles by the 19th century, and the practice of “administrative slaughter” of colonial officials, who were perceived as a threat to the Anglo-Saxon legal model. Particular attention is paid to the features behind the formation of colonial administration representatives. The authors analyze the characteristics of the English state-legal ideal, reveal the reasons for the transformation of state models under the conditions of managing colonies, and show the role of the British elite, the “younger sons”, in the development of the imperial project of Great Britain.

Keywords: civilizing mission, white man’s burden, colonialism, empire, Great Britain, values, imperialism, missionary, British society, imperial project

References:
Berk P. Chto takoe kul'tural'naya istoriya? M.: Izd. Dom vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, 2015. 240 s.
Bzhezinskiy Z. Velikaya shakhmatnaya doska. Gospodstvo Ameriki i ego geostrategicheskie imperativy. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2000. 256 s.
Buranok S.O. Kolonial'nye imperii posle 1945 goda: vzglyad iz SShA // Samarskiy nauchnyy vestnik. 2017. ¹4 (21). S. 178-180.
Grachev N.I. Imperiya kak forma gosudarstva: ponyatie i priznaki // Vestnik VolGU. Seriya 5: Yurisprudentsiya. 2012. ¹2. S. 18-28.
Klistorin V.I. Imperializm kak poslednyaya stadiya // EKO. 2016. ¹5 (503). S. 134-149.
Moiseenko Ya.Yu. Kolonial'naya politika v diskurse konformizma: mezhdu «Imperializmom» i «Imperiey» // Lokus: lyudi, obshchestvo, kul'tury, smysly. 2017. ¹2. S. 107-118.
Neru Dzh. Otkrytie Indii. T. 2. M.: Nauka, 1989. –254 s.
Oruell Dzh. 1984. Rasskazy / Dzh. Oruell. – M. : Progress, 1990. – 350 s.
Rogov I.I. Imperiya i imperializm: istoriya ponyatiy i sovremennyy mir // Prostranstvo ekonomiki. 2010. ¹3-2. S. 260-267.
Rogov I.I. Kolonial'naya imperi

Abstract: The personal context of history, the individual world of experience and the perception of historical events are today the main topics of modern historical sciences. Into the circle of the research space of this article, the authors have included a range of sources of personal origin (diaries, memoirs, letters) that project the national-cultural experience and scientific strategies of the first intellectuals. The subject of this study is the life and fate of a representative of the Yakut national intelligentsia through the lens of autobiographical evidence (his personal diary) in the context of social communications and strategies. The object of this study is the history of academic training and the formation of the Yakut national intelligentsia in the context of the activities of Russian intellectual communities. In this article, the authors have undertaken an attempt at creating a historical comprehension of the "self-narrative" within the framework of a biographical discourse, where the interpretation of the autobiography acts as social practice. The conducted biographical analysis of the diary entries of A. N. Nikiforov has allowed to reveal only a fragment of an important "story about self" as a representative of a certain spiritual and religious community. The reconstruction of the "life" world of the first intellectual A. N. Nikiforov in the context of social communications and strategies of practice is one of the methodological novelties of this study. The analysis of the behavioral code of the first intellectuals, characterized by selfless service to science with a deep sense of duty and responsibility for the preservation of the disappearing life of the northern ethnicities, makes it possible to talk about the formation of a special intellectual culture in Yakut society during the period under study.

Keywords: national intelligentsia, retrospective analysis, invisible college, correspondent, museum and ethnographic collecting, ego-documents, biographical discourse, personal context, social communication, intellectual culture

References:
Romanova E.N. G.V.Ksenofontov: mif o stranstvuyushchem geroe // Repressirovannye etnografy. T-2. – M.: Vost. lit., 2003. 495 s. – S. 78–104.
Rukopisnyy fond Arkhiva YaNTs SO RAN. F.5. Op.1. D.108 // Dnevnik A.N.Nikiforova. Na 248 ll.
Rukopisnyy fond Arkhiva YaNTs SO RAN. F.5. Op.1. D.87 // Vasil'ev N.V. Uchenicheskie organizatsii v 1905g. («Mayak») (iz vospominaniy starogo yakutyanina). 1941g. Na 41 l.
Rukopisnyy fond Arkhiva YaNTs SO RAN. F.5. Op.1. D.503 // Vospominaniya Sleptsova Mikhaila Fedorovicha, starozhila g. Yakutska o zhizni gorozhan.
Samoylovich A.N. Obuchenie i prosveshchenie yakutov // Vostok. Izd-vo «Vsemirnaya Literatura». Kn.4. – M.,1924. – S. 185
Yakutiya. Khronika. Fakty. Sobytiya. 1632-1917gg./ Kom. gos. arkh.sluzhby pri Pravitel'stve RS (Ya). Izd. 2-e, dop. [sost. A.A. Kalashnikov]. – Yakutsk.: Bichik, 2002. 496 s. – S. 395
Reshetov A.M. Akademik V.V. Radlov-vostokoved i muzeeved (osnovnye etapy deyatel'nosti) // Radlovskie chteniya-2002. Mat-ly nauchn. godichnoy sessii. – SPb., 2002. – S. 95–101.
Repina L.P. Per

Abstract: The research subject of the presented work is the biography and creative legacy of the Spanish intellectual, writer and philosopher Ramiro de Maeztu, while the research object is the evolution of his views, gradually going from the liberal ideas of the Generation of ’98 to his later conservative views. The author examines and analyses the stages in the biography and literary career of Ramiro de Maeztu, paying special attention to the historical context, the influence of his surrounding intellectual environment, and the sociocultural factors that determined the ideological evolution of the writer. The key method of research applied in this study is the method of the “new intellectual biography”. The author relies on the methodological developments carried out by the Centre for Intellectual History (Russian Academy of Sciences) on Modern Intellectual History, Personal History, and biographic research. As a result of this research the author comes to the following conclusions: the evolution of Ramiro de Maeztu's views was caused by the sociocultural and intellectual environment of the time, as well as the historical context of the era. The tragic events of 1898 became the starting point for the evolution of de Maeztu’s views, which led to the development of his concept of "Hispanidad". The novelty of this research lies in the fact that Ramiro de Maeztu is not a well-known figure in Russian historiography. This study is the first attempt to explore Ramiro de Maeztu’s life through the approach of "the new intellectual biography".

Keywords: Ramiro de Maeztu y Whitney, biography, intellectual history, national idea, history of Spain, conservatism, beginning of the 20th century, political publicism, Latin America, national identity

References:
Shul'govskiy A.F. Natsionalizm v Latinskoy Amerike. M.: «Nauka», 1976. – 238 c.
Ponomareva L. V. Khuan Donoso Kortes// Problemy ispanskoy istorii, 1979. S. 135 – 170.
Vizcarra Z de Origen del nombre, concepto e fiesta de la Hispanidad. [Elektronnyy resurs] URL:http://www.filosofia.org/hem/194/esp/9441007a.htm (data obrashcheniya 20.06.2015)
Kuleshova V. V. Problema Ispanii v polemicheskoy publitsistike Ramiro de Maestu 1896-1936 godov // Problemy ispanskoy istorii. M, 1979 – C. 106 – 134.
Maeztu R. de La Crisis del Humanismo Buenos Aires: Ed. Sudamericana, 1951. – 457 p.
Maeztu R. de. Juventud menguante. Autobiografías [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://www.filosofia.org/hem/190/alm/ae1214.htm ( data obrashcheniya 13. 06. 2015).
Maeztu R. de. Hacia otra España. Madrid: Rialp, 1967 – 267 p.
Sanchez A. Introduccion // Maeztu R. de. Don Quijote o el Amor. Salamanca: Editores Anaya, 1964,-P. 5 – 45.
Cerrato C. El joven Maeztu y la canalla periodista [Elektronnyy res

Abstract: The subject of this study is the cultural-historical concept and method of K. Lamprecht examined in the light of his biography and the place they occupied among the scholar's work on other topics. The article not only traces the links, but also the influence of K. Lamprecht's life events, as well as of his immediate socio-cultural environment, on the sphere of his scientific interests and on his works. This study is placed in the subject fields of source study historiography, intellectual history, and also in the phenomenological concept of source study. The study used the source study and comparative methods, as well as the methods of narrative division and dialogue. The historiographical sources are analysed as products of the time to which they belong and their author is perceived as "the Other", a member of a different culture. The novelty of this study is determined by the very approach to the work of K. Lamprecht, as well as the examination of the cultural-historical method itself. It is shown that K. Lamprecht, known as the author of the cultural-historical method, for a long time studied the Rhine region, and also held certain positions. He used his career advancements to closely study his topic of interest and to develop his cultural-historical method, which became famous due to the author's own efforts, reflected not only in the writing of texts and discussions on the given subject, but also in the opening of an institute that applied this method.

Keywords: K. Lamprecht, cultural-historical method, cultural history, methodological discussion, cultural age, intellectual history, source study historiography, intellectual biography, phenomenological paradigm, method of dialogue

References:
Lamprecht K. Zur neuen Lage : Vortrag, gehalten in Leipzig am 23. August 1914. – Leipzig : Hirzel, 1914. – 16 S.
Lamprecht K. Was ist Kulturgeschichte? Beitrag zu einer empirischen Historik // Deutsche Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft. – 1896/97. – Bd. 1. – S. 75-150.
Lamprecht K. Über den Unterschied zwischen den alten und neuen Richtungen in der Geschichtswissenschaft // Historische Zeitschrift, 1896. – Bd. 77.
Lamprecht K. Initial-Ornamentik des VIII. bis XIII. Jahrhunderts ; 44 Tafeln meist nach rheinischen Handschriften nebst erläuterndem Text. – Leipzig : Dürr, 1882. – 32 S.
Lamprecht K. Moderne Geschichtswissenschaft : fünf Vorträge. – Freiburg im Breisgau : Heyfelder, 1905. – 130 S.
Lamprecht K. Skizzen zur rheinischen Geschichte. – Leipzig : Dürr, 1887. – 245 S.
Lamprecht K. Die kulturhistorische Methode. – Berlin : Gaertner, 1900. – 46 S.
Lamprecht K. Die römische Frage von König Pippin bis auf Kaiser Ludwig den Frommen.

Abstract: This article examines the phenomenon of the ideology behind the “conservative revolution” within the intellectual space of the Weimar republic in Germany. The author gives a general description of the “conservative revolutionary movement” in the context of the development of German conservatism in the Weimar republic and notes that the “conservative revolutionary movement” was an attempt to create new German conservatism and nationalism of a radical nature. The “conservative revolutionaries” were not satisfied with the system of values and with the political concepts of traditional German conservatism, which is why the author addresses in detail the problem of the correlation between traditional and modernist traits in the ideological heritage of the “conservative revolutionaries”. On the example of the ideological and political concepts of the leading representatives of the “conservative revolution” O. Spengler, A. Moeller van den Bruck, K. Schmitt, E. Jünger, E. Niekisch, the author analyses their views on modernism and their individual contribution to the formation of a general modernist trend in the intellectual phenomenon of the “conservative revolution”. The author comes to the conclusion that the “conservative revolutionaries” took up a search for contemporary forms and methods of representing their views, which were positioned by them as a “new worldview” and a “new ideology”. For this aim they used modernist categories to convey their ideas to the masses and to develop contemporary methods for theoretically combatting their ideological opponents. The ideology of the “conservative revolution” became one of the forms of right-wing modernism.

Keywords: right-wing modernism, nationalism, traditionalism, modernism, Germany, Weimar republic, “conservative revolution”, O. Spengler, K. Schmitt, E. Jünger

References:
Vinkler G. A. Veimar 1918–1933: istoriya pervoi nemetskoi demokratii. M: ROSSPEN, 2013. 878 s.
Kozlovskii P. Mif o moderne: Poeticheskaya filosofiya Ernsta Yungera. M.: Respublika, 2002. 239 s.
Meller van den Bruk A. Tret'ya imperiya // A. Meller van den Bruk, A. Vasil'chenko. Mif o vechnoi imperii i Tretii reikh. M.: Veche, 2009. S. 112–364.
Mikhailovskii A. V. Politicheskaya publitsistika Ernsta Yungera v intellektual'noi istorii Veimarskoi Germanii // Yunger E. Natsionalisticheskaya revolyutsiya. Politicheskie stat'i 1923–1933. M.: Izdatel'skaya gruppa «Skimen''», 2008. S. 317–362.
Nikish E. Zhizn', na kotoruyu ya otvazhilsya. Vstrechi i sobytiya. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2012. 560 s.
Pivovarov Yu. S. Karl Shmitt. Politiko-antropologicheskii ocherk // Rossiya i sovremennyi mir. 2001. ¹ 4. S. 89–119.
Plenkov O. Yu. Ernst Nikish: popytka sinteza bol'shevizma i prusskoi etiki // Nikish E. Politicheskie sochineniya. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2011. S. 5–34.
Senderov V. Krizis sovremennogo kon