Reference:
Tikhonova A.V..
Surveillance of foreign doctors in
the Russian empire during the first
half of the 19th century
// History magazine: researches. – 2014. – ¹ 4.
– P. 456-463.
DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2014.4.13937.
rubric Çàïàä – Ðîññèÿ – Âîñòîê
DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2014.4.13937
Read the article
Abstract: The surveillance of foreigners in the Russian empire is a little-researched historiographical subject, with, among
professional groups, only control over foreign teachers and tutors being studied. The aim of the article is to examine the
formation history of the regulatory-legal base for foreign doctors’ sojourn in Russia in the first half of the 19th century, and
to cite concrete examples of surveillance implementation over these professionals on the basis of documents from the Third
section of His imperial majesty’s Own chancellery (State archive of the Russian Federation), the Smolensk governorate office,
the chancellery of the Smolensk civil governor and the governorate medical board (State archive of the Smolensk oblast). The
author draws particular attention to the fact that the main requirement for receiving medical practice permission in Russia
was the validation of a doctor’s qualifications through the passage of exams in Russian specialised facilities. Because
of the Russian authorities’ interest in attracting foreign specialists, these specialists were encouraged to learn Russian
language and to receive Russian citizenship. To justify the logic of the authorities’ actions towards doctor-foreigners, the
author describes the Russian government’s decisions taken during the 1850s. State surveillance was directed at ensuring
the health of the Russian citizens and administering them with qualified medical aid from foreign specialists.
Keywords: surveillance, control, doctors, medics, foreigners, foreign doctors, prisoners of war, legislation, Russian empire, first half of the 19th century.
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Ermolenko G. N. Frantsuzskie voennoplennye 1812 goda na Smolenshchine // Kray Smolenskiy. 2002. ¹ 5–6. S. 26–33.
Bush Ivan Fedorovich // Mirskiy M. B. Meditsina Rossii XVI–XIX vekov. M.: ROSSPEN, 1996. S. 181–188.
Evseeva M. K. Sentimer, Sentimerova Elizaveta Florianovna (ok. 1817 – ne ranee 1890) // Russkie pisateli. 1800–1917. Biograficheskiy slovar' / Gl. red. P. A. Nikolaev. M.: Bol'shaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya, 2007. T. 5. S. 580–581.
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Tsirkulyary, soobshcheniya i t. d. ministerstv i inykh vysshikh pravitel'stvennykh uchrezhdeniy na imya Smolenskogo grazhdanskogo gubernatora na 1814 g. 30 iyunya 1814 g. – 17 dekabrya 1814 g. // Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Smolenskoy oblasti. F. 1. Op. 1. D. 240. 1814 g.
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References (transliteration):
Formulyarnyy spisok F. Sentimera. 1824 g. // Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy arkhiv. F. 1343. Op. 29. D. 2457. 1854 g.
Formulyarnyy spisok A. F. Selyu, porechskogo uezdnogo vracha. 1843–1846 gg. // Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Smolenskoy oblasti. F. 2. Op. 42. D. 1981.
Formulyarnyy spisok A. I. Durlakhera, roslavl'skogo gorodovogo vracha. 1850–1859 gg. // Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Smolenskoy oblasti. F. 2. Op. 42. D. 664.
Formulyarnye spiski za 1853 g. // Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Smolenskoy oblasti. F. 754. Op. 2. D. 89.
Smolensk. Izvestiya // Smolenskie gubernskie vedomosti. 1838. ¹ 25 (27 iyunya).
Uden Fedor Karlovich // Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' F. A. Brokgauza i I. A. Efrona. SPb., 1902. T. XXXIVa. S. 580.
Sentimer F. Eshche nechto o kholere. M.: Universitetskaya tipografiya, 1833. 28 s.
Sentimer F. Kholera izlechima! Sochinenie d-ra meditsiny Floriana Sentimera, dlya vrachey i ne dlya vrachey. Kiev, 1872. 18 s.
Svod zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. T. XIV. SPb., 1832.
Prosheniya uchiteley i lits raznykh sosloviy o dopuske k ispytaniyam i vydache svidetel'stv na zvanie uchiteley, o predostavlenii vakantnykh dolzhnostey v uchilishchakh i po drugim voprosam. 21 marta 1838 g. – 11 dekabrya 1838 g. // Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Smolenskoy oblasti. F. 45. Op. 1. D. 251.
Potrashkov S. V. Voennoplennye Velikoy armii v Slobodsko-Ukrainskoy gubernii // Otechestvennaya voyna 1812 goda. Istochniki. Pamyatniki. Problemy: Materialy VII Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii, 1998 g. Borodino, 1999. S. 143–149.
Pomogal, «ne razlichaya zvaniya i sostoyaniya». Sud'ba frantsuzskogo lekarya Frantsa Valya v Rossii / Publikatsiyu podgotovila A. V. Tikhonova // Istoricheskiy arkhiv. 2010. ¹ 6. S. 154–158.
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sobranie 2-e. T. XXVI. Ch. 2.
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sobranie 2-e. T. XXXII.
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sobranie 2-e. T. IV.
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sobranie 2-e. T. VII.
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sobranie 2-e. T. II.
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sobranie 2-e. T. III.
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sobranie 1-e. T. XXXII.
Po otnosheniyu Glavnokomanduyushchego v Sankt-Peterburge. O zhelayushchikh v poddanstve Rossii plennykh. 7 aprelya 1813 g. – 29 yanvarya 1815 g. // Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Smolenskoy oblasti. F. 1. Op. 1. D. 183. 1813 g.
Over Aleksandr Ivanovich // Biograficheskiy slovar' professorov i prepodavateley Imperatorskogo Moskovskogo universiteta. 1755–1855. T. II. M., 1855. S. 160–174.
O prinyatii poddanstva. 1828–1852 gg. // Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii. F. 109. Op. 227. D. 16.
Milovidov B. P. Zhizn' i sud'ba voennoplennogo vracha Genrikha fon Roosa // Borodino i napoleonovskie voyny: Bitvy. Polya srazheniy. Memorialy. Mozhaysk, 2008. S. 307–317.
Milovidov B. P. Voennoplennye mediki Velikoy armii // Otechestvennaya voyna 1812 goda i rossiyskaya provintsiya v sobytiyakh, chelovecheskikh sud'bakh i muzeynykh kollektsiyakh: Materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii. Vyp. XIV. Maloyaroslavets, 2006. S. 177–189.
Mesyatseslov s rospis'yu chinovnykh osob, ili obshchiy shtat Rossiyskoy imperii, na leto ot Rozhdestva Khristova 1824. Ch. 1. SPb., 1824.
Mesyatseslov s rospis'yu chinovnykh osob, ili obshchiy shtat Rossiyskoy imperii, na leto ot Rozhdestva Khristova 1825. Ch. 1. SPb., 1825.
Mesyatseslov s rospis'yu chinovnykh osob, ili obshchiy shtat Rossiyskoy imperii, na leto ot Rozhdestva Khristova 1822. Ch. 1. SPb., 1822.
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Mesyatseslov s rospis'yu chinovnykh osob, ili obshchiy shtat Rossiyskoy imperii, na leto ot Rozhdestva Khristova 1821. Ch. 1. SPb., 1821.
Makarova N. V. Zhizn' rossiyskikh sosloviy v epokhu pravleniya Nikolaya I. M.: Ekon-inform, 2012. 393 s.
Kartashov V. S. Sud'ba Dominika de la Fliza // Epokha 1812 goda. Issledovaniya. Istochniki. Istoriografiya. Vyp. IV / Trudy GIM. Vyp. 147. M., 2005. S. 80–81.
Zapiski grafa M. D. Buturlina / Nauch. red. M. A. Polyakova. V 2 t. T. II. M.: Russkaya usad'ba, 2006. 543 c.
Zhurnal iskhodyashchikh dokumentov Kantselyarii smolenskogo grazhdanskogo gubernatora. 1831 g. // Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Smolenskoy oblasti. F. 1. Op. 1. D. 33.
Ermolenko G. N. Frantsuzskie voennoplennye 1812 goda na Smolenshchine // Kray Smolenskiy. 2002. ¹ 5–6. S. 26–33.
Bush Ivan Fedorovich // Mirskiy M. B. Meditsina Rossii XVI–XIX vekov. M.: ROSSPEN, 1996. S. 181–188.
Evseeva M. K. Sentimer, Sentimerova Elizaveta Florianovna (ok. 1817 – ne ranee 1890) // Russkie pisateli. 1800–1917. Biograficheskiy slovar' / Gl. red. P. A. Nikolaev. M.: Bol'shaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya, 2007. T. 5. S. 580–581.
Budko A. A. Istoriya meditsiny Sankt-Peterburga XIX – nachala KhKh v. SPb.: Nestor-Istoriya, 2010. 400 s.
Alfavit del pribyvshikh v Rossiyu inostrantsev. 1827–1830 gg. // Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii. F. 109. Op. 226. D. 7.
Baranov A. A. Meditsinskaya sluzhba rossiyskoy armii. Meditsinskaya sluzhba frantsuzskoy armii // Otechestvennaya voyna 1812 goda: Entsiklopediya / Ruk. avtorskogo kollektiva V. M. Bezotosnyy. M.: ROSSPEN, 2004. S. 449–452.
Khomchenko S. N. Voennoplennye armii Napoleona v Kazanskoy gubernii v 1812–1814 gg. // Borodino i napoleonovskie voyny: Bitvy. Polya srazheniy. Memorialy: Materialy II Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii (Borodino, 3–5 sentyabrya 2007 g.) / Sost. A. V. Gorbunov. Mozhaysk, 2008. S. 293–306.
Tsirkulyary, soobshcheniya i t. d. ministerstv i inykh vysshikh pravitel'stvennykh uchrezhdeniy na imya Smolenskogo grazhdanskogo gubernatora na 1814 g. 30 iyunya 1814 g. – 17 dekabrya 1814 g. // Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Smolenskoy oblasti. F. 1. Op. 1. D. 240. 1814 g.
Tsirkulyary, soobshcheniya i t. d. ministerstv i inykh vysshikh pravitel'stvennykh uchrezhdeniy na imya Smolenskogo grazhdanskogo gubernatora na 1814 g. 18 dekabrya 1813 g. – 19 iyunya 1814 g. // Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Smolenskoy oblasti. F. 1. Op. 1. D. 241. 1814 g.