Abstract: The subject of research is the history of the Central Department Store as a memorable object of the Battle of Stalingrad. Today the building belongs to historical monuments of federal significance, as well as to architectural monuments of regional significance. The central department store is part of the ensemble of the Square of the Fallen Wrestlers - the main square of the city. The choice of the subject of research is due to the need for historical analysis of the architectural objects of the main Square for the subsequent computer modeling of iconic historical and cultural objects of the pre-war and military Stalingrad based on the application of the methodology of 3D reconstruction of structures. Systematic and interdisciplinary approaches were used as the methodological basis of the study. The source base is represented by periodicals (newspapers, scientific journals), historical documents and reference publications. During its work, the Stalingrad Central Department Store has established itself as one of the best in the union. It is known that in terms of its indicators, SCDS was among the advanced and was very quickly able to win the status of Indicative. During the Battle of Stalingrad, the building was partially destroyed. In October 1942, the headquarters of the 71st Wehrmacht division was located in its basements. Later, in January 1943, the basements of the department store were occupied by the headquarters of the 6th Army and its commander, Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus, where he was captured on January 31 by soldiers of the 38th motorized rifle brigade of the Soviet 64th Army.

Keywords: Battle of Stalingrad, Central Department Store, architectural monuments, architects of Stalingrad, Square of the Fallen Wrestlers, pre-war architecture, buildings of Stalingrad, iconic objects of Stalingrad, capture of F. Paulus, pre-war Stalingrad

References:
Oleinikov, P.P. (2012). Architectural heritage of Stalingrad. Volgograd: Publisher.
Oleinikov, P.P. (2022). Masters of Architecture of Stalingrad. Architect Viktor Kochedamov. VolgGTU. St. Petersburg: Preserved culture.
Argastseva, S.A., Gurenko, L.V., Zhorova, E.P. (2004). The code of historical and architectural heritage of Tsaritsyn – Stalingrad – Volgograd (1589-2004). Volgograd: Panorama Publishing House.
Piskotina, V.A. (2020). The work of doctors of the 10th Infantry Division of the NKVD BB in the basement of the department store from August 30 to the end of September 1942 (according to the memoirs of the participants). Military-historical aspects of the life of the South of Russia of the XVII-XXI centuries: issues of study and museumification. Materials of the II International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II. «State Historical and Memorial Museum-Reserve "Battle of Stalingrad"» (pp. 190-192). Volgograd.
Kolbasina, M.A.,

Abstract: The article examines the last stage of the existence of the Chudov Monastery of the Moscow Kremlin in its last decades. This period is one of the least studied in the history of the monastery, and yet, it is at this time that both the personal dramas of the inhabitants of the monastery before the closure of the monastery and the procedure for transferring valuables to the Armory that began immediately are exposed. Using the example of the monastery, we see how the new government forms a position regarding valuable monuments. It is noteworthy that the inhabitants of the monastery believed to the last that they would be able to find a compromise solution and leave at least a few monks to guard the monastery and perform divine services, but, unfortunately, the plans of the new government were completely different. In parallel with the process of evicting the monks, there is a struggle for the preservation of the complex exclusively as a monument of architecture and culture, where the main role is played by the Department for Museums and the protection of monuments of Art and antiquity, in those years it was headed first by I. Grobar, and a little later it was replaced by N.Sedova-Trotskaya, which led to the strengthening of the department - this allowed us to do a lot for the preservation of monuments. The work introduces new sources that describe in detail the plot of the relationship between the monastery and the new government, the scrupulousness of preparing for the restoration of the monastery and the feat that scientists performed to save the monument from further destruction as a result of shelling. But all the efforts of scientists for the restoration were in vain, in a great hurry, on the night of December 16-17, 1929, the Cathedral of the Miracle of Archangel Michael was blown up. The restorers did not have time to finish the work on measurements, photo fixation, and even save the frescoes already removed from the walls, which were prepared for museumification.

Keywords: Council of People 's Commissars, Nikolai Dmitrievich Kuznetsov, Kremlin Monuments Department, 14th Kremlin Building, Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar, Glavnauka Narkompros, Revolution, Moscow Kremlin, Chudov Monastery

References:
Devyatov S. V. Monasteries of the Kremlin. Graphic reconstruction.-Moscow Architectural Institute, 2020. 2019.-116 p.
Bishop Arseniy (Zhadanovsky). Memoirs / ed. Archpriest Vladimir Vorobyov. 1995.
Malkov P.D. Notes of the commandant of the Kremlin. M: Military Publishing House, 1987.
Fabinsky M. V. "Defender of Orthodox believers." The activities of the professor of church law Nikolai Dmitrievich Kuznetsov in the first years of Soviet power 1917-1922. // Science, technology and education. 2014. Vol. 4.
GA RF. F. R130. Op. 2 D.160.
GA RF. F. A-2307. Op .8. D. 77.
GA RF. F.1056. Op. 1. D.4.
Pavlovich M.K. Vladimir Nikolaevich Ivanov. On the centenary of his birth: 1905-2005 / ed. Federal State Institution of Culture "State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve" Moscow Kremlin ". M: White Coast, 2005.
Kolodny L. E. Walking to Moscow. Moscow: Rus-Olimp, 2012.-544 p.
Kiprin V. How Shchusev and Zholtovsky tried to save the Chudov Monastery. [Electronic resource] // Guardians of

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the works of the Russian artist Nikolay Koshelev of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries in the genres of religious and church painting. The introduction of the principles of historicism and realism into the Russian culture of the XIX century discovered a new perspective on religion themed easel paintings, church art and iconography, as well as created opportunities for the new content and formal means for depicting the subjects of painting. The article leans on the monumental cycle “The Passion Journey of Christ” by Nikolai Koshelev for the Church of Saint Alexander Nevsky in Jerusalem. The article traces the complex intertwinement with of the features of church painting with the features of academic easel religious painting in the context of artistic culture of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries. The detailed analysis of the monumental cycle of “The Passion Journey of Christ” at the Alexander Metochion in Jerusalem (created between 1890 and 1900)  reveals certain peculiarities of the artistic form of Nikolay Koshelev's works in the context of Russian church and religious painting of the XIX - early XX centuries. This topic should be viewed in relation to the general problems of modernization of public consciousness and cultural life in Russia of that time.

Keywords: icon painting, monumental painting, church painting, religious painting, Russian artistic culture, realism, historicism, Nikolay Koshelev, Alexander Compound in Jerusalem, Russian art

References:
Timofeeva T.V. Khudozhniki ili bogomazy? Russkaya religioznaya zhivopis' kontsa XIX — nachala XX veka // Nachalo. 20.09.2018 [elektronnyy resurs] https://slovo-bogoslova.ru/nachalo/khudozhniki-ili-bogomazy-russkaya-relig/ (data obrashcheniya 30.04.2021)
Shakhova I.V. Spetsifika tserkovnoy zhivopisi XIX – nachala KhKh vv. // Vestnik slavyanskikh kul'tur. 2016. №2 tom 40. S.225-231.
Buslaev F. O literature: Issledovaniya; Stat'i //Obshchie ponyatiya o russkoy ikonopisi.-M., 1990. S.350, 369-370.
Krylova M. Russkie khudozhniki-puteshestvenniki // Nasledie. 2010. №2 (27). S. 5-17.
Merkushev A.N. Lichnostno-emotivnyy tip religioznoy zhivopisi: na primere vtoroy poloviny XIX veka // Kul'tura i tsivilizatsiya. 2020. Tom
№ 3A. S. 122-134. 10.Daniel' S.M. Bibleyskie syuzhety. Al'bom. M: Khudozhnik Rossii. 1994. S.7.
Violle-le-Dyuk E. Zhizn' i razvlecheniya v Srednie veka.-Spb.: Evraziya. 1997. S.20-21.
Zverev V.V. Proizvedeniya zhivopisi Nikolaya Kosheleva v Khrame Aleksandrovskogo podvor'ya v Ierusalime. Issledovanie tekhnicheskogo sostoyaniya karti

Abstract: This article explores the peculiarities of spatial planning and construction phases of apse in the Franciscan Church of San Lorenzo Maggiore in Naples. Gothic deambulatory with a crown of radial chapels in the Church of San Lorenzo Maggiore is a unique typology of apse structure for the architecture of Franciscans in Italy. The architectural monument is ranked with a number of other Franciscan churches in Naples, built under the patronage of the monarchs of the Kingdom of Naples from Anjou Dynasty. Analysis is conducted on engineering aspects and system of orders of the Neapolitan Church. The analysis of formal-stylistic features and taking and consideration of historical peculiarities of the architectural monuments, the author suggests possible influence of the architectural language of French Gothicism upon the plan of the Church of San Lorenzo Maggiore. The article revises historiography of the question of origin of oriental hue in the Church of San Lorenzo Maggiore. The author substantially broadens the vector of research problems and interpretations associated with examination of French influence upon the plan of the apse of the Church of San Lorenzo Maggiore. The novelty of consists in the analysis of apse of the Church of San Lorenzo Maggiore the context of logics of the development of deambulatory in French Gothicism, rather than borrowing of this shape from medieval Italian architecture.

Keywords: Italian Gothic Architecture, Franciscan Architecture, Gothic architecture, Apse, Ambulatory, Naples, San Lorenzo Maggiore, Franciscans, Kingdom of Naples, Angevin Dynasty

References:
Paul V. The Beginnings of Gothic Architecture in Languedoc // The Art Bulletin. Vol. 70 (1). 1988. P. 104–122.
Jantzen H. Über den gotischen Kirchenraum // Über den gotischen Kirchenraum und andere Aufsätze. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 2000. S. 7–21.
Freigang C. Kathedralen als Mendikanten. Zur politische Ikonographie der Sakralarchitektur unter Karl I., Karl II. und Robert dem Weisen // Medien der Macht. Kunst zur Zeit der Anjous in Italien / Ed. T. Michalsky. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 2001. S. 33–60.
Freigang C. Les rois, les évêques et les cathédrales de Narbonne, de Toulouse et de Rodez // La cathédrale (XIIe-XIVe siècle) / Ed. J.-L, Biget. Toulouse: Private, 1995. P. 145–183 (Cahier de Fanjeaux; 30).
Cadei A. Cori francescani ad ambulacro e cappelle radiali // Storia e cultura a Padova nell’età di sant’Antonio. Atti del Convegno internazionale di studi / Ed. B. Trevellin. Padova ; Monselice, 1–4 ottobre 1981. Padova: Istituto per la storia ecc

Abstract: This article examines museum construction in one of the major Russian regions – Saint Petersburg of the XVIII – early XX centuries. The author determines four stages: early museums, specialized museums, new field-specific groups, museum expansion; as well as their key traits and peculiarities. Special attention is turned to the latter stage – museum expansion (1894-1916). The author presents the matrix of all established museums in chronological order, their founders, year of creation, and relations with the field-specific groups. The scientific novelty consists in the attempt to fill the gap by carrying out a first comprehensive research dedicated to museum development in Saint Petersburg of the imperial period. In order to reflect the processes unfolding in the history of museums of Saint Petersburg, the author reveals the trends and patterns, indicates the significance of museums created by the contemporaries, and demonstrates the link between the emergence of museums and the economic upswing in the country. Colossal experience of museum construction of Saint Petersburg, understanding of its importance in preservation of cultural and historical heritage, as well as progressive ideas of museum figures served as the prerequisite for creating the state supervision system and museum legislation, and allow outlining the ways for future development of museums.

Keywords: museum dynamics, museum construction, specialized groups, imperial period, museum history, stages, St.Petersburg, museum, imperial Russia, museum sector

References:
Anisimov E.V. Imperatorskaya Rossiya. SPb., 2014. 640 c.
Bulgakov F.I. Lermontovskiy muzey // Istoricheskiy vestnik. SPb., 1884. T. 15. yanv. s. 225.
Voenskiy K.A. Russkiy muzey imperatora Aleksandra III. SPb., 1898. 20 s.
Its R.F. Kunstkamera. L., 1974. 118 s.
Levinson-Lessing V.F. Istoriya kartinnoy galerei Ermitazha. L., 1985. 408 s.
Muzeynoe delo Rossii. / Pod red. Kaulen M.E., Kosovoy I.M., Sundievoy A.A. M., 2010. 614 s.
Ob'yasnitel'naya zapiska k proektiruemomu planu Muzeya; Proektiruemyy plan Muzeya [i dr. materialy]: Predvarit. vypusk / Muzey izobreteniy i usovershenstvovaniy. SPb., 1911. 21 s.
Putevoditel' po S.-Peterburgu. SPb., 1903. 324 s.
Rossiyskaya muzeynaya entsiklopediya. T. 2. M., 2001. 416 s.
Strakhova M.I. Podvizhnoy muzey naglyadnykh uchebnykh posobiy v Peterburge. SPb., 1902. 16 c.
Suvorovskiy muzey: [Organizatsiya Muzeya, i obzor glavnykh eksponatov]. SPb., 1905. 5 s.

Abstract: The article presents an analysis of the causes for the unsatisfactory conservation state of the Upper Paleolithic wall image of a two-humped camel in the Kapova cave (South Ural, Republic of Bashkortostan). The work in revealing the monument's original colorful painting without a preliminary scientific examination of the layered calcite crusts, the absence among the organizers and participants of restoration specialists, archaeologists and karstologists with extensive work experience in the Kapova Cave - an archaeological monument of national significance, led to the corrosion of these unique images' colorful layers. The karstological and archaeological studies of the "Horses and Signs" panel in the Chaos Hall were undertaken in 2009 by the article's authors and are still ongoing. The discovery of the two-humped camel image and its significance for studying the culture of the Upper Paleolithic has pushed to the background the significant issue of preserving this image. The article presents the first review of the causes for the unsuccessful exposure of the monument's drawing. The modern state of the Chaos Hall in the Kapova Cave provides unfavorable conditions for the preservation of these drawings, exposed from beneath calcite crusts, which have acted as a natural preservative. The main factor of destruction is tied to the abundant focal infiltration of karst waters, which have variable physical and chemical parameters due to the high permeability of the rock mass. At the same time, there are no tested methods of protecting paint layers of exposed images in caves, which puts the Kapova Cave drawings at risk of rapid degradation. At the present stage of cave exploration, new clearing of drawings is unacceptable and may lead to their destruction.

Keywords: Preservation, karst water, calcite, karstology, Upper palaeolithic, Cultural heritage, Palaeolithic parietal art, Kapova cave, microbial contamination, paint layer degradation

References:
Kuz'mina L.Yu., Galimzyanova N.F., Chervyatsova O.Ya., Ryabova A.S., Sayfullina N.M., Leonova L.V., Lyakhnitskiy Yu.S. Vidimye biogennye obrastaniya poverkhnostey peshchery Shul'gan-Tash (Kapova, Yuzhnyy Ural) // v pechati, 2019.
Bourges F., Genthon P., Genty D.,Lorblanchet M., Mauduite E., D'Hulst D. Conservation of prehistoric caves and stability of their inner climate: Lessons from Chauvet and other French caves // Science of The Total Environment. 2014. Volume 493, 15 September 2014. P. 79–91.
Smart P.L., Friederich H. Water movement and storage in the unsaturated zone of a maturely karstified carbonate aquifer, Mendip Hills, England // Proceedings of Conference on Environmental Problems in Karst Terranes and their Solutions. Dublin, Ohio, NationalWaterWellAssociation, 1987. P. 59-87.
Frisia S., Borsato A., Fairchild I. J., McDermott F. Calcite fabrics, growth mechanisms, and environments of formation in speleothems from the Italian Alps and Southwestern Ireland // Journal of Sedimentary Research. 2000. Vol. 70, №.

Abstract: The article's topic is the history of the most famous monument of the southern coast of Crimea, its "business card" - the Swallow's Nest Castle. For the first time in Russian historiography, based on an analysis of a body of sources - primarily archival, but also published memoirs and visuals - the authors disprove the existing common errors in scientific and popular literature and resolve long-standing disputes: the sequence of land purchases on Cape Ai-Todor during the 19th - early 20th centuries, the construction of the summer house-castle "Swallow's Nest", the reconstruction in 1913 and the change in appearance, as well as the castle's history after its nationalization by the Soviet government and throughout the 20th century. The authors introduce into scientific circulation documents, which were discovered by them, from the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea, the Russian State Historical Archive, and the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg. The information found is supported by data from numerous memoirs and visual sources. The novelty of the research undertaken by the authors lies primarily in their reconstruction of the true history of this important monument of Russian culture from the late 19th - early 20th century - the Swallow’s Nest Castle, which is also an important symbol of Russia's development of the southern coast of Crimea as a resort destination in popular culture. The author presents the resolution of long-standing disputes over the owners and builders of this monument and the sequence of their change.

Keywords: archival sources, complex source studies, history of leisure, Swallow's Nest, cape Ai-Todor, memoir sources, late Imperial period, Crimea, Russia, visual sources

References:
Prokudin-Gorskii Collection. URL: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/prok/search/?q=LC-DIG-prok-00188&co=prok
Yukhimenko, E.M. Rakhmanovy: kuptsy-staroobryadtsy, blagotvoriteli i kollektsionery. Moskva : Izd. dom Tonchu, 2013. 518 s.
Timokhovich S.Ya. Putevye zametki i zhizn' na Yuzhnom beregu Kryma v Simeize. Kaluga : tip. Gub. pravl., 1885. 34 s.
Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy arkhiv Sankt-Peterburga. F.355. Op.1. D. 3577. Ob opredelenii v uchilishche syna polkovnika barona Shteyngelya Emmanuila.
Tarasenko D. Kto postroil zamok na skale?//"Krymskie izvestiya", 4.11.2012.
"Sto let nad bezdnoy"// "Krymskaya gazeta": 12 iyulya 2012 g.,.
Sudeykina V.A. Dnevnik. 1917-1919. Petrograd, Krym, Tiflis. Moskva : Russkiy put' : Knizhnitsa, 2006. 669 s.
Sosnogorova M.A. Putevoditel' po Krymu dlya puteshestvennikov. Odessa : tip. L. Nitche, 1880. 435 s.
Sotsialisticheskaya rekonstruktsiya Yuzhnogo berega Kryma: Materialy rayon. planirovki YuBK. Simferopol': Gos. izd-vo Krym. ASSR, 1935. 581 s.
Sezonnyy listok Russk

Abstract: The article is focused on the topic of the preservation of cultural movable objects under the conditions of operating churches, which is a current topic in the context of modern practical church and museum activity. The subject of analysis is the features of movable cultural monuments and the factors affecting their preservation. The article addresses the example of how it is permissible, for the sake of preserving a historical and cultural heritage, to reject the historically fair concept of setting up a relic in its native environment. The author identifies the main causes that influenced the adoption of this decision. To preserve movable monuments, the author selected other, more appropriate locations in churches that operate on the territory of the monastery. The study's research is based on the comparative and interdisciplinary methods. Of significant value to the work are also the descriptive, historical, analytical methods, and the method of scientific observation. The author's particular contribution to the research of this topic is that she collected and analyzed the microclimate parameters of this unique church and gives a description of some movable cultural valuables. The novelty of this study is that the author explicates the dependence of the particularities of cultural valuables' placement on the temperature and humidity regime (THR) inside and outside the room, using the example of the existing churches of the convent in the city Polotsk. The author puts forward the assumption that for the preservation of the cultural heritage it is necessary to conjoin administrative, scientific, and historical approaches.

Keywords: microclimate, movable cultural monument, monumental painting, immovable cultural monument, textiles, Polotsk’s valuables, restoration, preservation, silver reliquary, Savior-Transfiguration church

References:
Shemakhanskaya, M.S. Restavratsiya metalla: metodicheskie rekomendatsii.- M.: VNIIR, Tipografiya Ministerstva kul'tury SSSR, 1989.- 155 s.
Yureneva, T.Yu. Muzeevedenie.-3-e izd., ispr. i dop.- M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2006.- 560 s.
Shemakhanskaya, M.S. Metally i veshchi: istoriya, svoystva, razrushenie, restavratsiya.- M.: "Indrik", 2015.- 288 s.
Pron'kov M.A., Sushchinin A.A., Dorokhov V.B. Mikroklimat v Troitskom i Preobrazhenskom soborakh Svyato-Troitskogo Serafimo-Diveevskogo zhenskogo monastyrya// Svyatyni zemli Nizhegorodskoy. Pamyatniki Arkhitektury na rubezhe XIX-XX vv.: Materialy ІІІ regional'noy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (14 noyabrya 2013 goda).- Nizhniy Novgorod, 2014.- S. 126-138.
Lelekova O.V. Issledovanie i konservatsiya rospisey Dionisiya v sobore Rozhdestva Bogoroditsy Ferapontova monastyrya// Sokhranenie rospisey Dionisiya 1502 goda v Sobore Rozhdestva Bogoroditsy Ferapontova monastyrya: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-metodicheskoy konferentsii (13-15 sentyabrya 2011 goda).- M.: «Indrik», 2012.- 128 s.
Mikroklimat tserkovnykh

Abstract: The subject of this article is the collection of seven okimono statuettes, which are artifacts of the applied arts made from ivory by Oriental masters. The collection is part of the funds of the municipal public institution of culture "the Yalta Historical and Literary Museum" that had arrived there from being previously at the Eastern Museum of Yalta upon the unification of the two institutions. Significant attention in this work is given to the description and attribution of the objects. An appendix is added at the end of the article with the illustration of the hallmarks found on the statuettes, as well as photographs of the artifacts themselves. An approximate chronological framework for the creation and existence of the presented objects of material culture was determined by using the analogy method. The difficulty in attributing these objects lies in the absence of specialized reference works and determinants, and requires the use of a wider range of scholars-Orientalists. The artifacts of the collection of okimonos are unique monuments of the decorative and applied arts of the 19th - beginning of 20th century. The materials presented in this article are published for the first time and are tied to the need of introducing this collection into the general scientific circulation as a historical source. It is important to note that this collection of ivory artifacts created by Eastern masters, preserved in the funds of the municipal public institution of culture "the Yalta History and Literary Museum", is currently one of the largest collections of its kind known on the territory of the Republic of Crimea, and it undoubtedly requires further more extensive examination.

Keywords: okimono, miniature sculpture, White period, collection, ivory, carving, Yalta Historical and Literary Museum, Oriental Museum, Japan, applied arts

References:
Uspenskiy M.V. Netske. Leningrad: «Iskusstvo», 1986. 266 s.
Mabuchi Akiko. Cernuschi et sa collection d'Okimono. In: Ebisu, n°19, 1998. Henri Cernuschi (1821-1896) homme politique, financier et collectionneur d'art asiatique. Actes du colloque du 20 juin 1998 Maison franco-japonaise, Tokyo. R. 107-122.
Rybalko S.B. Okimono: novoe slovo v kollektsionirovanii // Antikvar. Kiev. 2008 g. № 7-8. S. 44 – 51.
Ribalko S.B. «Bіliy perіod» v yapons'komu rіz'blennі z kіstki // VІSNIK Kharkіvs'kіy derzhavnіy akademії kul'turi. 2015 g. № 6. S. 97 – 101.
Rybalko S.B. Sdelannye s serdtsem // Antikvar. Kiev. 2009. № 10 (36). S. 28 – 33.
Petrenko L.V. Muzey, kotoryy byl (Vostochnyy muzey g. Yalty) // 10 Dmitrievskie chteniya. Istoriya Yuzhnogo berega Kryma. Sbornik nauchnykh statey. Simferopol': «Antikva». 2008 g. S. 100 – 109.
Istoriya muzeya. Put' dlinoy v 124 goda [internet resurs] // Ofitsial'nyy sayt MKUK «Yaltinskiy istoriko-literaturnyy muzey»: [sayt]. URL: http://yilm.ru/aboutus.html
Vostochnoe iskusstvo [internet