Abstract: The author examines the theatrical life in a small town on the example of the city of Tara, Omsk region. The theatrical life of the second half of the XX century is studied in dynamics, the key creative associations, personalities, periods are identified.
In this article, we rely on such concepts as "local history" (meaning the consideration of the theatrical life of a separate locus - the Tarsky Priirtyshie region through the influence of individuals, associations and processes on the cultural process, referring both to written sources and historical memory), "cultural nest", "cultural environment" (as a complex of social and cultural characteristics, preferences, connections in the territory under consideration, in the local space).
Three main stages of the development of the theatrical life of the Tarsky Priirtyshie region are identified. The first stage of the 1940s - 1950s, the time of work in the Container of the theater under the direction of Evgeny Prosvetov. It is characterized by the appearance of a professional theater troupe in a small provincial town, involving residents of Tara in theatrical life; the second stage - the 1960s - 1990s – the time of the functioning of the people's theater in Tara, the wide involvement of city residents in the creative environment, the emergence of theatrical traditions and connections with professional theater figures from the regional center. The third stage - since the beginning of the 2000s - is the time of the appearance of a professional theater in Tara and its development, taking into account the theatrical traditions of the city. The cultural life of the Tarsky Priirtyshie region is considered through the study of the interaction of creative associations, cultural institutions and individual ascetics.

Keywords: music community, cultural space, amateur performance, musical group, small town, cultural life, cultural nest, Tarskoe Priirtyshye, local history, succession generations

References:
Repina L.P. (2011) Historical science at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries: social theories and historiographical practice. Moscow, 560 p.
Sokolova E.V. (2008) Formation of the cultural space of small towns of the middle Priirtyshie in the 1920s-1980s. Dissertation of the Candidate of Historical Sciences. Omsk, 255 p.
Sedelnikova N.A. (2010) Regional local history as a socio-cultural phenomenon (based on the materials of the middle Priirtyshie of the 1930s — 1980s). Dissertation of the Candidate of Historical Sciences. Omsk, 202 p.
Pixanov N.K. (1928) Regional cultural nests: A local history seminar. Moscow; Leningrad, 148 p.
Schmidt S.O. (1997) The path of the historian: selected works on source studies and historiography. Moscow, 612 p.
Bulygina T.A., Malovichko S.I. (2006) New local history: new research practices // New local history. Collection of scientific articles. Issue 3. Stavropol, pp. 7-18.
Mokhnacheva M.I. (2006) Provincial historiography and historical local lore: subject

Abstract: The research subject of the article is the ideas that the peoples of the Middle Volga region had about the human life cycle in the 19th century - processes of birth, initiation, marriage and death. The aim of the article is to identify the general (typical) and particular (unique) in these perceptions as categories that unite and at the same time separate the inhabitants of the region. The general expresses the universal features inherent in all ethnic cultures of the Middle Volga region. The particular describe the local properties that act as markers of the identity of each ethnic group. The boundaries between the general and the particular in the Middle Volga region have a symbolic designation, since the region had for several centuries a complex synthesis of the interactions between Western, Russian and Eastern traditions. The article's research methods are based on the principle of historicism. The author uses structural and typological analysis to determine the general and particular in the Volga peoples' ideas about the life cycle, as well as the comparative-historical, logical and retrospective methods. The novelty of this study lies in the culturological comprehension of their ideas about the human life cycle in the regional culture, formed under the influence of paganism, Christianity and Islam. An important role in preserving the ethno-confessional values of the inhabitants of the Middle Volga region was played by the peasant community. The author concludes that the spread of Christianity and Islam in the region under the pressure of state power and as a result of intercultural interaction had made it possible to develop the universal requirements for human living. In this case, the particular was preserved at the level of individual rites. The source materials used in the article can be useful for scholars, culturologists, teachers, students and specialists developing programs in the field of preserving the cultural heritage of the region.

Keywords: the general, death, marriage, initiation, childhood, the Middle Volga region, life cycle, the special, Christianity, Islam

References:
Alekseeva N. D. Institut sem'i v traditsionnoy kul'ture narodov Srednego Povolzh'ya // Sborniki konferentsiy NITs Sotsiosfera. 2011. № 32. S. 28-41.
Afanas'eva L. A. Etnolingvisticheskiy analiz leksiki, otnosyashcheysya k dopokhoronnoy obryadnosti chuvashey // Vestnik Chuvashskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. I. Ya. Yakovleva. 2015. № 4 (88). S. 22-27.
Belitser V. N. Mordva-karatai i ikh kul'tura (K voprosu o proiskhozhdenii) // Voprosy etnicheskoy istorii mordovskogo naroda. Trudy Mordovskoy etnograficheskoy ekspeditsii. Vyp. 1. M., 1960. S. 225-227.
Belyaeva N. F. Etnicheskaya kul'tura mordvy i traditsii vospitaniya detey : ucheb. posobie k kursu po vyboru. Saransk : Mordovskiy gos. ped. in-t im. M. E. Evsev'eva, 2003. 90, [1] s.
Berdinskikh V. Russkaya derevnya: byt i nravy. M. : Lomonosov', 2013. 272 s.
Bibliya. Knigi Svyashchennogo Pisaniya Vetkhogo i Novogo Zaveta s illyustratsiyami Gyustava Dore. M. : AST ; SPb. : Poligon, 2010. 967, [1] s.
Busygin E. P. Obshchestvennyy i semeynyy byt russkogo sel'skogo naseleniya

Abstract: The research subject of this article is the distinctive features of the cultural policy conducted in Kabardino-Balkaria in the 1920s - 1930s. This was a period of cultural modernization for the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria as well as for the country as a whole, which influenced its entire subsequent history. The aim of this article is to identify the general trends in the development of the education system, national languages, and artistic culture. A significant part of this work is dedicated to the attitude of the Soviet government towards religion, which predetermined the course of many cultural processes. The authors analyze the regulatory acts of the Soviet government, as well as documents characterizing cultural construction in Kabardino-Balkaria. The region's cultural policy is studied dynamically, which has permitted the authors to highlight the main periods and turning points in its development. The first of them (in the mid-1920s) was expressed in the authorities' refusal of partially tolerating Islam. From that time onwards, the cultural transformation of the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria has been reduced mainly to the imposition of atheism and of modernization processes. The second turn took place in the mid-1930s. It is characterized, above of all, by the translation of the written language of the Kabardians and Balkars from the Latinized graphic base to the Cyrillic one, as well as by the strengthening of the role of the Russian language in education in general.

Keywords: theatre, literature, writing, education, madrassah, Islam, cultural policy, Kabardino-Balkaria, music, national culture

References:
TsGA KBR. F. R-2. Op.1. D. 288.
TsGA KBR. F. R-2. Op.1. D. 342, t. 2.
Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Kabardino-Balkarskoy respubliki (TsGA KBR) F. R-2. Op.1. D. 248.
Khutuev Kh. I. Stanovlenie i razvitie sotsialisticheskoy kul'tury sovetskoy Kabardino-Balkarii. Nal'chik: El'brus, 1984. – 451 s.
Ulakov M. Z., Bashieva S. K. Yazykovoe stroitel'stvo v Kabardino-Balkarii v kontekste yazykovoy politiki SSSR v 1920-1930 gg. // Izvestiya Kabardino-Balkarskogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN. №3 (65), 2015. – S. 240-246.
Tkhagazitov Yu. M. Evolyutsiya khudozhestvennogo soznaniya adygov. – Nal'chik: El'brus, 1996. – 249 s.
Teppeev A. M. Literatura 20-30-kh gg. // Ocherki istorii balkarskoy literatury. / S. U Alieva, A. M. Teppeev, Z. Kh. Tolgurov i dr.; Otv. red. S. U. Alieva. – Nal'chik: El'brus, 1981. – S. 87–114.
Talpa M. E. Pisateli Kabardino-Balkarii // Naloev D. M. Istoriya literatury / Sost. Z. M. Naloev. Nal'chik, 2004. – S. 205–206.
Narodnoe obrazovanie v SSSR. Obshcheobrazovatel'naya shkola. Sbornik dokumentov. 1917-1973 gg

Abstract: The research subject of this article is the process of forming a community of Russian post-revolutionary emigration in the United States and the role of this migration flow in the local public life, as well as the structural evolution of the Russian diaspora in the 1920s – 1940s. The author focuses attention on the reasons behind the emigration of the representatives of the “first wave” Russian émigrés to the American continent, the attitudes towards American politics and culture among various sociopolitical and demographic groups of the Russian diaspora, the particularities of the Russian refugees' adaptation process in the United States and the degree of their involvement in the world abroad. The article's study is founded on the principles of scientific objectivity and systematics, using the subject-historical, problem-chronological, comparative and other special methods of historical research. The novelty of this work lies in the identification and description of the information contained in archival sources and rare periodical publication concerning the socio-mental and ideological motivations of migration from the centers of the Russian diaspora in Europe, China and other regions of the world to the United States and the aspects of the Russian émigrés' adaptation in America. The conducted study shows that the decision to move to the United States was made by socially active emigrants, who sought to start a new life abroad. This attitude was often perceived by some members of the Russian émigré communities in Europe as a rejection of the historic mission of the Russian emigration - of the hope of returning to the homeland. Epistolary and journalistic sources attest the rejection of American culture and lifestyle by many immigrants from Russia. At the same time, the democratic émigré press actively promoted the image of the United States as a great free country.

Keywords: American culture, immigration, international migrations, Russian America, adaptation, refugee, emigration, Russian diaspora, American lifestyle, Russian foreign press

References:
Ruchkin, A.B. Russkaya diaspora v SShA v pervoy polovine KhKh veka: istoriografiya i voprosy teorii (2007). – URL: http://www.mosgu.ru/nauchnaya/publications/SCIENTIFICARTICLES/2007/Ruch¬kin_AB/. – Data obrashcheniya: 30.05.2019
Ruchkin A.B. Russkaya diaspora v Soedinennykh Shtatakh Ameriki v pervoy polovine KhKh veka. M., 2006.
Nitoburg E. L. Russkie v SShA: Istoriya i sud'by, 1870–1970. Etnoistoricheskiy ocherk M., 2005.
Pivovar E.I.Rossiyskoe zarubezh'e. Sotsial'no-istoricheskiy fenomen, rol' i mesto v kul'turno-istoricheskom nasledii. M., 2008.
Bolkhovitinov N.N. Obraz Ameriki v Rossii // Amerikanskaya tsivilizatsiya kak istoricheskiy fenomen: Vospriyatie SShA v amerikanskoy, zapadnoevropeyskoy i russkoy obshchestvennoy mysli. M.: Nauka, 2001. S. 430-448.
Kubanev N.A. Obraz Ameriki v russkoy literature. Moskva-Arzamas, 2000.
Matveeva E.M. Amerikanskiy kharakter glazami russkikh v nachale KhKh veka // Vestnik Ryazanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im S.A. Esenina. 2012. № 35. S. 64-75.
Tarle G.Ya. Problemy adaptatsii v istor

Abstract: Based on evidence from the (quasi) private correspondence of American and Soviet artists, as well as from the internal documents of the Soviet cultural diplomacy bodies, the article reconstructs the specifics of the staged international communication during the period of the early Cold War. The involvement in this communication of creative artists included not only the participation in international events and public mass actions, but also in written correspondence with foreign colleagues (including personally unacquainted) organized by higher echelons. Foreign counterparts were guided by their own interests to support these initiatives: Soviet colleagues acted as a channel to popularize their works, to create the necessary ideas in the ranks of the Soviet party leadership, and to resolve specific issues about fees or medical consultations. The methodological basis of this research is an interdisciplinary approach that is at the crossroads of transnational history, cultural history, and intercultural communication. The use of official channels and mediating bodies was caused by the controlling functions of the Soviet Writers Union, the lack of knowledge of foreign languages, but above all the habit of self-censorship of creative figures educated by the Stalinist system. The necessary privacy and informality in correspondence were imparted by descriptions of family and leisure topics. The role of unofficial diplomats, familiar with the work of Soviet organizations abroad, the breath of thaw inspired Soviet writers to attempt to contribute to the improvement of international communication. At the same time, some of the statements were clearly discordant with the direction of the Stalinist cultural policy. However, if criticism by Soviet writers of system deficiencies in internal correspondence was already allowed by the regulatory authorities, its exit into public space was categorically suppressed and became possible only in the era of the Perestroika.

Keywords: Foreign Commission of SWU, Soviet Writers Union, Paul Robson, Howard Fast, Boris Polevoi, international communication, Cold war, cultural diplomacy, cultural policy, transnational history

References:
Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii (GARF). F. 9539. Op. 1. D. 406. L. 112-120.
GARF. F. 9539. Op. 1. D. 634. L. 71.
GARF. F. 9539. Op. 1. D. 726. L. 12-14.
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Op. 28. D. 140. 5.RGANI. F. 5. Op. 28. D. 364.
RGANI. F. 5. Op. 28. D. 461.
Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv literatury i iskusstva (RGALI). Soyuz pisateley SSSR. Obshchaya informatsiya. URL: http://www.rgali.ru/object/10904259#!page:1/o:10904259/p:1
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RGALI. F. 1817. Op. 3. D. 14.
Pravda. 1954. 24 aprelya.
Bogdanov K.A. Negry v SSSR. Etnografiya mnimoy diaspor

Abstract: The article is focused on the difficulties of studying the works of the outstanding Moscow icon painter of the early 15th century Andrei Rublev and the masters of his circle. In this article, the author considers above all the icon of the Trinity by the hand of Andrey Rublev, the icon of Deesis, known as the Zvenigorod Tier, as well as the murals of the Uspensky Cathedral in Vladimir and the ensembles of iconostases of the first quarter of the 15th century. The author examines the modern views on the attribution of these monuments as reflected in the concept of the exhibition “Andrey Rublev. The Feat of Icon Painting” (State Tretyakov Gallery, 2010–2011) and its accompanying catalog. The article presents a critical analysis of the structure and organization of the exhibition and draws historical parallels with the fundamental exhibition of 1960, which marked the beginning of the modern stage in the study of the works of Andrey Rublev. The presented article is based on the results of recent studies of the Zvenigorod Tier, the icon of the “Holy Trinity” by Andrey Rublev and other works conducted in the State Tretyakov Gallery. The author used information from Medieval written sources and the methods of formal and stylistic analysis of Medieval artworks. The article confirms the dating of the icon of the Holy Trinity to about 1425, when the iconostasis of the Trinity Cathedral at the Troitsa-Sergieva Lavra was made, gives a characteristic of the style of the artwork within the framework of Byzantine painting of the Late Palaeologian period and Moscow works from the first quarter of the 15th century. The author comes to the conclusion that the artistic style of the icons of the Zvenigorod Tier is significantly different from Rublev's Trinity, but he suggests that the master's handwriting could have changed over time.

Keywords: tier of Zvenigorod, Trinity of Andrey Rublev, icon painter Daniel, Andrey Rublev, Moscow icon-painting, icon, painting, Palaeologan period, ancient Russian art, attribution issues

References:
Andrey Rublev. Podvig ikonopisaniya. K 650-letiyu velikogo khudozhnika / Sost. G. V. Popov, B. N. Dudochkin, N. N. Sheredega. Pod obshch. red. G. V. Popova i B. N. Dudochkina. M.: Krasnaya ploshchad', 2010. 624 s.
Palkina D. Yu. Argumenty v pol'zu peredatirovki sobora Rozhdestva Bogoroditsy Savvino-Storozhevskogo monastyrya // Trudy Zvenigorodskogo istoriko-arkhitekturnogo i khudozhestvennogo muzeya. K 600-letiyu Rozhdestvenskogo sobora Savvino-Storozhevskogo monastyrya i 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya arkhitektora Borisa Alekseevicha Ogneva / Sost. E. A. Belov. Zvenigorod: Leto, 2008. S. 13–25.
Baranov V. V. Novye shtrikhi k tvorcheskoy biografii Andreya Rubleva // Ekspertiza i atributsiya proizvedeniy izobrazitel'nogo i dekorativno-prikladnogo iskusstva. 23 noyabrya – 27 noyabrya 2015 goda. Materialy. M.: Ob'edinenie Magnum Ars, 2016. S. 35–42.
Baranov V. V. K voprosu o datirovke ikony «Troitsa Vetkhozavetnaya» Andreya Rubleva // Troitse-Sergieva lavra v istorii, kul'ture i dukhovnoy zhizni Rossii. Materialy Kh mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii. 26–

Abstract: The article presents an analysis of the texts of Synodic-memorials. The author examined in detail the composition of the synodic preface and those parts of the text that contain common memory. The article places its focus on the insertion of a list of deaths, considering the oldest surviving lists. The correlation of the parts of the texts of these monuments allows us to talk about the formative stages of the tradition of compiling the Synodic-memorial form and about the practice of inserting into it textual inscriptions that indicate the particularities of the local practice of commemorating in the context of a single tradition. The study of this topic implies the study of the attitude in Old Russian society towards the deceases from an unnatural death as a complex socio-cultural phenomenon. In this article, the method of comparative analysis is applied to the research: to determine the origins of the formation and further development of the features of the memorial practice in Russian spiritual culture, from the adoption of Christianity to the beginning of the 16th century. As a result of the author's study of the Lyubezki Synodic and the Novgorod I chronicles, which mention those deceased from sudden death, the author confirmed the scientific viewpoint that there was a general commemoration starting from at least 13th century. The examination of the content of synodic prefaces' edits has allowed the author to agree with the viewpoint that the first edition of the so-called Trekhclovniy preface was composed earlier than the middle of the 15th century. The most ancient Synodics, containing lists of deaths, are currently those of Pavlo-Obnorsky Monastery and St. Nilus of Sora, compiled in 1479 and 1492 respectively. The beginning of the unfolding of the very practice of commemorating the deceased who died suddenly should be attributed to the 1220s. These monuments attest significant changes in the practice of composing texts with the commemoration of those who died suddenly, and also examples of a gradual elaboration of the synodic preface form.

Keywords: enumeration deaths, wrong death, three-word preface, synodik preface, common memory, Synodic, commemoration practice, Russian spiritual culture, funeral tradition, vain death

References:
Sinodik Iosifo-Volokolamskogo monastyrya (1479-1510-e gg.) / Podg. tekstov i issled. T. I. Shablovoy. SPb., 2004. - 223 s. Rukopis'. IRLI RAN. Drevlekhranilishche. Op. 23. № 52.
Sinodik Uspenskogo sobora v Rostove. Rukopis'. OR RNB. Kir.-Bel. sobr., №6/1083, ll. 300-308. [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://nlr.ru/manuscripts/fondy/elektronnyj-katalog#1?ab=36E728DD-D5B8-47EB-8721-D1CFE38E8EEB (data obrashcheniya: 10.12.2017).
Sinodik Uspenskogo sobora Moskovskogo Kremlya. Rukopis'. OR GIM. Uspen. № 64.
Sazonov S. V. K ranney istorii sinodichnykh predisloviy // Soobshcheniya Rostovskogo muzeya. Rostov, 1991. S. 8-28.
Rykov Yu. D. Maloizvestnaya zapis' sinodika Moskovskogo Arkhangel'skogo sobora o detyakh boyarskikh, pogibshikh v boyakh za rekoy Oshitom vo vremya pokhoda russkogo voyska iz Kazani i Sviyazhska v iyune 1556 g. // Sosloviya, instituty i gosudarstvennaya vlast' v Rossii. Sredine veka i ranee Novoe vremya. M., 2010. S. 113-136.
Ponyrko N. V. Sinodik // Slovar' knizhnikov i knizhnosti Drevney Rusi. Vtor. pol. XIV-XVI v. Ch. 2.

Abstract: The subject of this article is the architecture of the English country house in the late Victorian era. The author considers the work of major architects of the named era, such as J. Devey, W. Nesfield, R. N. Shaw. The object of this study is the transformation undergone by the idea regarding the national style in the architecture of this time. The author traces the changes in the notion of which monuments of national antiquity became most often a model for imitation and analyzes the method of understanding what constitutes a monument of national heritage in the works of the above-mentioned British architects. The author conducts a detailed art history analysis of the most significant monuments of the British suburban architecture of the studied period and reveals their particularities of style. The author's main conclusions are the constatation of a change in the aesthetic priorities in the British suburban architecture of the period under consideration. Finally, the author demonstrates the interrelation of these processes with the change of the social situation in general: at this time the composition of clients of country houses had significantly changed. It became increasingly made up of representatives of the banking and industrial capital, whose system of values differed significantly from that of the priorities of the old landed aristocracy.

Keywords: local tradition, George Devey, William Eden Nesfield, Richard Norman Shaw, national style, Victorian age, English architecture, country house, vernacular style, façade composition

References:
Jordan R.F. Victorian Architecture. Penguin Books, 1966.
Hitchcock H.-R. Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth century. Penguin Books, 1982.
Girouard M. Historic Houses of Britain. L., 1979.
Girouard M. Victorian Country House. New Haven, 1985.
Girouard M. Life in English Country House. New Haven., 1978.
Girouard M. Sweetness and Light. The Queen Anne Movement. 1860-1900. Oxford , 1977.
Eastlake C. History of Gothic Revival. L., 1872.
Dutton R. The Victorian Home. L., 1954.
Dixon R., Muthesius S. Victorian Architecture. L., 1978
Crowley D. Introduction to Victorian Style. Royston, 1988.
Calder J. The Victorian Home. L., 1977.
Blomfield R. Richard Norman Shaw. L., 1940.
Airs,M.The Great Victorian House. Oxford, 2000.
Lethaby W.R. Philip Webb and his Work. L., 1935.
Saint A. Richard Norman Shaw. New Haven and L., 1976.
Summerson J. Victorian Architecture: Four Studies in Evaluation. NY., 1970.