Abstract: This paper presents a comparative investigation of the metaphorical semantics of the numeral "three" in Russian and Chinese phraseological units (PU). The aim of the study is to identify similarities and differences in the meaning of the number "three" in these PUs and to determine the national peculiarities of their usage. The authors apply a lexico-semantic synchronous approach, focusing on the semantic analysis of the number "three" in terms of its metaphorical lexical meanings and lexical-syntactic groups indicating quantity. The study confirms that symbolic meanings of the number "three" in Russian and Chinese PUs sometimes coincide, yet there are distinct national specificities. In Russian PUs, the number "three" often carries the meaning of "more than the norm," reflecting the transition from ancient to modern linguistic worldview. In Chinese PUs, the meaning "less than the norm" is entirely absent, but the overall usage of the number "three" is more ambiguous, often serving to generalize similar characteristics. The research findings have practical implications for cross-linguistic communication and cultural understanding. The authors conclude that Russian PUs with the number "three" conveying the meaning of "more than the norm" are prevalent in contemporary speech, while those with the meaning of "norm" have become outdated. The analysis of evaluative language in Chinese PUs shows a preference for metaphors related to objects or concepts rather than groups of people. The study underscores the significance of cultural context in the analysis of the symbolic semantics of the number "three" in phraseology and demonstrates the potential of contrastive linguistics in better understanding linguistic peculiarities and cultural nuances.

Keywords: lexical-syntactic groups (LSG), metaphorical lexical meaning, numeral, numerals in language, phraseological units, structural-semantic analysis, evaluative language analysis, contrastive study, national worldviews, quantitative

Abstract: The article examines the idea of "luck" in two linguistic worldviews – Russian and Chinese. The research is comapartive, two linguocultures are compared. The description of each concept follows a clear algorithm: the etymology of the word is studied, the mythological roots of the idea are explored, its collocations are analyzed, and the material connotation, following V. A. Uspensky, is extracted from these collocations. This is followed by a comparison of dictionary definitions. The goal of the research is to identify the features of how this idea is represented in different cultures using the semantic field of the concept "luck" in Russian and Chinese languages. The comparison is aimed at revealing the similarities and differences in the worldview of different peoples. The scientific methods employed in this research include the comparative-historical method, the method of generalization, and the method of semantic analysis. It is important to note that this topic is considered underexplored, and previously, there have been no linguocultural studies that comprehensively analyze this idea within the context of Russian and Chinese cultures. This makes the research scientifically innovative. The results obtained from this research will significantly contribute to mutual understanding among nations and can be seen as a kind of conceptual bridge promoting better mutual understanding between representatives of different cultures. Furthermore, the findings can be useful in the development of courses in regional studies, comparative cultural studies, and in the teaching of relevant languages. Thus, this research has a wide range of applications in both scientific and educational fields.

Keywords: Chinese language, Russian language, comparative linguistics, cultural code, semantic analysis, luck, linguacultural studies, comparative analysis, linguistic picture of the world, word

Abstract: The subject of the research is the peculiar features of Afanasy Fet's perception of Schopenhauer's thanatology and voluntaristic world view of the German philosopher. Based on the analysis of the poems 'Death' (1878) and 'To The Death' (1884) Komkov analyzes such aspects of the topic as Afanasy Fet's perception of the irrational philosophy, peculiarities of the Russian poet's interpretation of Schopenhauer's thanatological philosophemes, and particularities of the artistic image of death in Fet's poems 'Death' and 'To The Death'. In conclusion, the author describes peculiarities of Afanasy Fet's interpretation of Schopenhauer's thanatological concepts. The methodological basis of the research implies opportunities of the systems approach, historico-cultural, comparative historical and receptive-aesthetic kinds of analysis. In his creative writing Afanasy Fet used a lot of elements of the German philosopher's world view. Nevertheless, certain features of a creative dialogue between the Russian poet and German philosopher still remain unclear. The main conclusions of the research are the following: Afanasy Fet's reception of Schopenhauer's thanatological philosophemes is a complex phenomenon. Death is seen as a natural, constant and essential component that is hidden behind each event or phenomenon of life and opposed to changing, inconstant and illusive life. On the other hand, death is an ephemeral substance, some kind of a chost, illusion of human mind. 

Keywords: Intercultural dialogue, Thanatology, The theme of death, Pessimism, German philosophy, Irrational philosophy, Fet, Schopenhauer, Russian literature, Comparative studies

Abstract: The subject of this research is the structure of the service devoted to the fifth Saturday of the Great Lent (the Saturday Akathist). This is a unique service because it is when Akathist, the ancient hymn in the honor of the Holy Mother that relates to the Feast of the Annunciation, is being read. The object of the research is a series of manuscripts of Slavonic Triodions of the 12th - 14th centuries. In his research Vorobiev presents and analyzes data from nine manuscripts. Eight manuscripts were studied de visu, and a fascimile edition of one manuscript was studied. The main research method used by the author is the typological analysis that allowed to define similiarity between the present Saturday Akathist service and the services described by Greek sources that described the procedure of the Byzantine service. The results of the research demonstrate that the Saturday Akathist service was often compiled on oe of famous West Byzantine liturgical models. Such compilation can be proved by both typological and textological features. This conclusion made by the author creates a new understanding of the process of creating and changing the Slavonic-based Triodion liturgical books. 

Keywords: compilation, South Italian worship, Slavonic service, Saturday Akathist, Slavonic manuscripts, Triodion, Akathist, redaction, liturgical texts, Slavic liturgical books

Abstract: The subject of the study of the proposed article is the idea of eternal return in Nietzsche's poetic heritage of Alexander Blok. The object of the research is carried out in favor of poetry by Alexander Blok transformation of Nietzsche's idea of the eternal return of the same in the poetics and aesthetics of incomplete returns. The article made a comparative analysis of the philosophical views of Nietzsche and poetic outlook Blok. The author draws on the results of current research in the field of literature and in philosophy. This article takes an integrated approach based on a synthesis of semiotic-aesthetic, discursive and intertextual analysis. The general approach can be defined as the philosophical analysis of a literary text. The main conclusion of the research is the situation that in the poetic world of Blok the idea of eternal return is transformed into unfinished return phenomenon. The author shows that the unit has been assimilated largely cosmological, the negative aspect of Nietzsche's ideas. Positive, anthropological aspect of this idea has not received full embodiment in the creative heritage of the poet.

Keywords: anima, Pushkin, existence, poetry, unfinished return, eternal return, Nietzsche, Alexander Blok, cosmological aspect, anthropological aspect

Abstract: The author of the present article studies the sources of the origina historiosophical and historico-literary concept offered by Nikolay Karamzin (1766–1826) and described by Russian researchers (from Prince Pyotr Vyazemsky to Pyotr Struve) as 'liberal conservatism'. The author of the present article assumes that the prehistory of the 'Creation of Karamzin' (Yu. Lotman's expression) can be found during the period when Karamzin studied in Professor Iogann Shaden's private board school in Moscow (1778–1782). The school was located in the very center of the the Foreign Quarter of Moscow. In fact, it was Karamzin's first 'journey to Europe' 10 years before his well-known traveling through Europe in 1789–1790. Paradoxically, young Karamzin found his 'first Europe' not in the West but in Moscow as an integral part of Russian life. The author of the present article analyzes new materials about the life and studies of Karamzin in the Foreign Quarter of Moscow as well as images of European literature Karamzin was raised upon. Special attention is paid to a German philosopher, moralist, poet and fable writer Christian Gellert. Later in 1789 Karamzin visited places in Leipzig where Christian Gellert had been. For the first time in the history of Russian philosophy and cultural studies the author of the present article proposes a hypothesis about Nikolay Karamzin standing at the origins of Russian 'Christian liberalism' (culture-centered but not political teaching). According to the author of the present article, Karamzin's 'spiritual will' of 1826 is another proof of this hypothesis.   

Keywords: freedom, liberalism, conservatism, politics, literature, history, Russia, Karamzin, personality, discourse

Abstract: The author of the article compares views of the two philosophers, Aleksey Losev and Mikhail Bakhtin. These two philosophers worked in the sphere of post-symbolism, both Russian symbolism (mostly referring to Vyacheslav Ivanov) and German symbolism (i.e. in terms of German classical philosophy represented by Goethe, Schelling, Hegel and others). In other words, they were in dialogue with Neo Kantianism and phenomenology that can be interpreted as the post-symbolism stage in German philosophy. The authors show that the fact that both philosophers developed their ideas according to the common ‘post-symbolism’ patterns defined their intellectual-technical (‘operational’) and intuitive-thematic similarities despite their differences in themes and axiology. The research methods include phenomenological description; comparison of comparable concepts amid both historical background (post-symbolism) and modern cognitive and narrative theories and the method of the dual methodological optics, i.e. simultaneous search for contrast and common parameters. The results of the research are: 1) even though thematic ‘surface’ of Losev’s and Bakhtin’s writings seem to be very different, both of them use the same intellectual-operational technique as they are both oriented at post-symbolism; 2) the aforesaid operational unity lies in the basis of Losev’s and Bakhtin’s thematic innovations (imiaslavie – literally ‘praising the name’ and double-voicedness). The author proves that both Losev and Bakhtin woked with the same two phenomena. These phenomena can be conditionally called ‘dual’ or ‘triadic’ symbols. The author also argues against the opinion that while duality expresses the core of the Russian philosophy, the triplicity is not accepted in Russian philosophy up to the ‘mystical fright’ before the ‘third’ element. Despite the common opinion that triplicity was not adequately accepted by Russian symbolism, the author of the article shows that Losev and Bakhtin did not only accept the idea of triplicity but also used it as an innovation in their early works. Losev used a name as a triadic symbol (in his concept of Imiaslavie) while Bakhtin talked about a double-voiced word as a ground for polyphony. In Losev’s name the third element is the essence itself (presented solely through the energy) while in Bakthin’s ‘dual word’ the third element is the hidden, i.e. linguistically unobvious, relation of one voice to another. Analysis of all additional elements in the ‘dual word’ is a particular narrative issue which can be adequately viewed only through detailed analysis of the phenomena of duality and triplicity. The author of the present article defines the following two stages in the development of both philosophers’ post-symbolism concepts: 1) the relative stage when both philosophers moved from the triadic symbol to the thesis about linguistic relativity, and 2) the adequation stage when both philosophers proved that there were particular linguistic strategies that allowed to overcome the linguistic relativism by the means of the linguistic relativism itself. Studying the topic of relativity, the author has discovered another important peculiarity that Losev and Bakhtin had in common: Gogotishvili establishes a hypothesis that Losev’s theory of relative mythologies correlates to Bakhtin’s theory of the division of the common language into different (professional, genre and etc.) sublanguages, and Losev’s theory of absolute mythology partly correlates to Bakhtin’s theory of polyphony.

Keywords: Losev, Bakhtin, operationality, thematic invention, triadic symbol, name, double-voicedness, Absolute mythology, polyphony, linguistic relativism.

Abstract: In order to understand the philosophy of original ethnopsycholoy of billions of Africans as well as to reveal the psychological phenomenon of ‘conserved’ past they keep in their mind, and its modern perspectives, the author of the article appeals to creatively oriented searches and unique findings of a great intellectual of Africa –Senegalese legendary politician, psychologist and poet Leopold Senghor, and Nigerian playwright and filmmaker Vole Soynika, Nobel laureate in literature. The author also touches upon original folklore of peoples living on the continent, - sources which are still used by native Africans as some kind of connection with their past history and future hopes.

Keywords: philology, Africa, ethnophilosophy, poetry, prose, folklore, Pushkin, Senghor, Soyinka, negritude, tigritude, Euro Africa, civilization.