Abstract: Venedikt Yerofeyev's small prose has not been practically studied. There are no serious, fundamental works on his essays, short stories, and small narrative constructs. The subject of the analysis of this article is a small text of V. Yerofeyeva "At my window". It is worth noting that in the collected works, and in other collections of the author, it is presented in a truncated form. It has not yet been possible to find a full-fledged version, although there are a number of prerequisites for the fundamentality and monumentality of this work. The purpose of the work is to identify the semantic boundaries of the story "At my window" with a possible objectification of the semantic paradigm. In the course of scientific narrative, the focus is on the plot of the story, the figurative system of the text, and the semantic artistic paradigm. The article also defines the functional load of intertextuality, since this principle defines a complex parametric variant of the addition of a semantic field. The result of the work is the concretization of the main features of the poetics of postmodernism using the example of Venedikt Yerofeyev's story "At my Window", as well as clarifying the basic highways of this work. During the analysis of the story, the main guideline was aimed at a comparative methodology, as well as a hermeneutical reading of this text. The set of terms and concepts used in the article correlates with the poetics of postmodernism, since the prose of Venedikt Yerofeyev is part of the texts of the first wave of Russian postmodernism. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that criticism does not yet have proper analytical observations regarding this story, and there are no certain value judgments. Therefore, the reception of the text is quite justified, and the accumulation of experience will allow us to complement the overall picture of the analysis of the style of Venedikt Yerofeyev. The practical nature of the work boils down to the fact that its results can be effectively applied during the decryption of the author's main work – the poem "Moscow – Petushki". The main method of correct assessment of the story should be the combination of philosophical-historical and literary-critical highways. The syncretic nature of perception generalizes the paradigm of semantic, connotative components. The text is revealed in the obvious potential of the formal and substantive levels of fusion. Venedikt Yerofeyev's story "At my Window" is not only an existing symbolic structure, not only an unfinished aesthetic object, but also an impulsive postmodern standard for the regeneration of a semantic paradigm.

Keywords: style, reader, intertextuality, author, poetics of the text, receptive aesthetics, comparative studies, short prose, associative series, Venedikt Erofeev

Abstract: The object of the research work is the phenomenon of political correctness in Uzbek linguistic culture through the prism of the English language. Considering the large number of linguistic means of explication, namely euphemistic substitutes, which are the result of the expression of political correctness and the subject of this study. The purpose of the research work is to reveal the phenomenon of political correctness in modern English and Uzbek languages, in particular the linguistic aspect of this phenomenon. The scientific novelty of the research work is determined by the fact that it is the first attempt to comprehensively consider the functioning of politically correct vocabulary not only in English, but also in the Uzbek language. Since many works are devoted specifically to political correctness in the English language, examples in Uzbek discourse are usually given in insufficient quantities so that one can judge the role of political correctness in Uzbek linguistic culture. The results of the research work revealed the sociocultural and linguistic aspects of political correctness, revealing new trends in the English language and social practices that meet the requirements of inclusive communication. It is shown that in Uzbekistan this concept is developing in its own ways, but its dynamics and linguistic embodiment are under strong Western influence. The difficulties of politically correct intercultural communication are revealed, which, to varying degrees of prevalence in the English and Uzbek languages, depends on different cultural values, religious beliefs, value orientations, and socio-economic situation.

Keywords: Western world, Politically correct euphemisms, Theory of political correctness, Euphemism, Linguistic picture of the world, Language code, Political correctness, Eastern mentality, Intercultural communication, Political discourse

Abstract: The actuality of the research is connected with the problem of “translation” of a classical literature piece by a director-interpreter. The subject of the study is the story by V. G. Korolenko “In a Bad Society” (1885) and its film adaptation by K. G. Muratova – “Among the Gray Stones” (1983). It is demonstrated that on the basis of the story and symbolic images of V.G. Korolenko – the garden, the apple, the flowers, the portarait, the birds and others, K.G. Muratova provides them with additional characteristics, concordant with the new cultural context. The portrait of the mother performs a plot-forming function in the film, and flowers are the main symbol associated with Marusya. K. G. Muratova uses symbols of animal masks - tiger, lion, wolf, with their help Vasya tries to build relationships with others. In the analysis a complex literature study approach is applied that combines historical and cultiral, biographical, comparative-typological methods that make it possible to determine the specific implementation of symbolic imagery in “texts” of various kinds. The substantive dominants of a classic work of Russian literature of the XIX th century are clarified and supplemented in the metalanguage of Russian cinema. The film uses Pushkin's tales ('The tale of the dead princess and seven knights, 'Winter evening'), fairy story of birds, symbolism of colors as specifying elements of cinematic speech. The language of a film is made more complicated with the introduction of musical accompaniment, sound symbols (sound of steps, dripping water and others). The analysis of the “new reading” of symbolic images of V.G. Korolenko's short story “In bad society” in the film “Among the grey rocks” by K.G. Muratova reveals the hidden meanings of a classical piece of Russian literature.

Keywords: film, space, poetics, flower, short story, image, motif, plot, symbol, interpretation

Abstract: Changes in the field of quantum theory taking place in modern science have also affected linguistics. Quantum mechanics is one of the major achievements of past difficulties. The object of study of quantum theory is a minimal, weekly particle - a quantum. The functional liquidity of quanta and linguistic units has been revealed, which makes it possible to transfer research from quantum mechanics to the field of cognitive linguistics. The quantum-cognitive approach expands the view of the concept of nature, highlights its quantum properties and allows us to consider its dynamics as a quantum wave process. In the article, the subject of research is the concept, its dynamics as a change in the states of the concept and its interaction in various combinations. The work pays attention to such phenomena as quantum entanglement, quantum nonlocality, measurement, and contextuality. Modeling in the quantum-cognitive aspect involves considering changes in the state of a concept under the influence of context. The state of the concept through the prism of quantum mechanics is considered as a wave function that changes under the influence of context. To apply general methodological approaches to describing both phenomena, we will focus on such phenomena as “quantum uncertainty” and “quantum entanglement.” The article explores the concept through the prism of quantum theory. The material for the study was scientific publications and articles selected by a continuous sampling method on the topics “Quantum Physics”, “Quantum Mechanics”, “Quantum Physics”, “Cognitive Linguistics”. The object of study of the article is the concept as a quantum immaterial cognitive formation that exists in the human mind. The study of the concept is based on a synthesis of the principles of two scientific directions: quantum mechanics and cognitive linguistics.

Keywords: actualization, measurement, quantum nonlocality, quantum entanglement, quantum superposition, quantum uncertainty, cognitive linguistics, quantum mechanics, concept, quantum

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of representation of the value component of the concept "Faith/Unbelief" in religious and paremiological discourses of different structural languages. The main purpose of the study is to establish similarities and differences in the linguistic objectification of spiritual values/anti–values in the Avar and Russian linguistic cultures based on the concept of "Faith/Disbelief", which is one of the basic concepts affecting all the value-behavioral spheres of human existence. In the religious consciousness of a believer (whether he is a Christian or a Muslim), by its very nature, there is a craving for virtue, a desire to ennoble morals, comprehension and nomination of all this occurs through specific linguistic signs and their meanings. The conceptual, value and figurative components of the concept under study are considered. The actualization in lexical systems of various languages, lexemes with religious (Islamic) meaning, the large-scale activity of texts of this subject in various genres, especially in mass media texts, put forward new promising directions of interdisciplinary research for linguists. The novelty of the research consists both in the development of research in the aspect of comparative theolinguistics for the first time on the material of these languages, and in the integral use of linguoconceptual and theoconceptual methods. The article traces the close connection of cognitive features of the conceptual field under study and spiritual and moral concepts that have their own specifics in each of the compared languages during linguistic verbalization.

Keywords: frames, spiritual texts, theolinguistics, proverbs, iman, religious concept, belief and disbelief, values and disvalues, Avar language, universals

Abstract: The article is devoted to intercultural communication at the level of sounding speech, the parameters of which actively influence the communication situation. When carrying out intercultural communication, it is necessary to be informed about the parameters of sounding foreign language speech in the emotional aspect. Speech parameters can give additional shades or meanings to an utterance, including those opposed to the meaning of the linguistic units that make it up. To express emotional states, each language has a set of national-specific means capable of coloring an utterance regardless of its lexical content. National – specific features of a neutral style of speech determine its emotional perception by native speakers of another language. Differential signs of communicative types of utterances carry important information about the completed or progressive nature of the utterance, which may require the inclusion of lexical means during interpretation. The analysis is carried out at the level of rhythmic parameters and melodic signs (characteristics of the main stressed syllables) on the material of three languages: Russian, German, Spanish. Comparative studies in the communicative aspect are becoming relevant. However, in setting goals, the ignoring of the regularities of the sounding reality continues, which is largely facilitated by the insufficiently developed mechanism for studying this phenomenon. In the situation of intercultural oral communication, the parameters of the sounding speech actively influence the communication situation. This area is little described from the point of view of intercultural dialogue. Experimental data confirm the propositions put forward about the emotional nature of the perception of foreign language speech. At the same time, two aspects can be distinguished: 1. the signs of emotionally colored foreign language speech can be perceived with different, sometimes opposite emotional meanings; 2. violations of the systemic linguistic signs of foreign-sounding speech, primarily the differential signs of intonations responsible for characterizing the communicative types of utterance (completeness, interrogativeness, progrediency), are perceived in an emotional way.

Keywords: interference, perception, specific signs, melodic signs, rhythmic parameters, style recognition, oral communication, speech disorders, foreign language speech, emotionality

Abstract: The article considers the concept of FAITH/IMAN as a key component of the religious worldview of Dagestanis. The value component of the analyzed concept, its specifics of verbalization and its role in the Russian-speaking Islamic discourse are determined. The relevance of the proposed topic is determined by the increased interest of scientists in recent decades to the problems of the relationship between language and religion (as evidenced by the emergence of a young science of theolinguistics); on the one hand, the prospects and relevance of research in the field of cognitive linguistics and linguoculturology. The material for the analysis was the paremiological units of the Arabic and Dagestan languages (in Russian translation), Quranic sayings, hadiths, religious texts of theologians, etc. The paper uses linguoculturological (conceptual) analysis as the main one. Since the subject of the study is particularly complex and multifaceted, a number of interdisciplinary methods and techniques are used in the study, including hermeneutic and partially phenomenological methods in analyzing the content of religious texts. The linguistic and cultural analysis of the religious concept of FAITH/IMAN in the Dagestan linguistic and cultural space has revealed the key dominants that have absorbed the ideas about the qualities of a true believer, which generally correspond to universal moral ideals. The specificity of Dagestan religious discourse lies in its syncretic nature, in which the canons and moral and ethical norms of Islam were synthesized with pre-monotheistic beliefs.

Keywords: linguistics, religion, language, dagestanis, language and culture, religious code, faith, discourse, concept, linguoculturology

Abstract: Today, in the era of digitalization, large arrays of educational and scientific literature data are presented in the libraries of educational institutions. The availability of sources, including through open access resources, on the one hand, facilitates the work of users, on the other hand, presents difficulties in the selection and structuring of resources. In the course of the study, we analyzed the websites of libraries of pedagogical universities and considered the main types of measures to promote educational resources, identified further vectors of development in the context of digital transformation. The object of the study is to identify the features of the promotion of publishing projects. The subject of the study is methodological activities carried out within the walls of libraries. The article describes in detail the types of methodological measures offered by publishers in offline and online formats. The joint work of libraries and publishing houses to popularize electronic resources is an important component on which the quality of the educational process depends.Main conclusions: methodological support of publishers is very important for the promotion of educational resources, which cannot be limited to instructions or other methodological materials. Field workshops and online events are designed to increase interest in electronic resources and structure work with large amounts of data. Professional development of library specialists in modern conditions also depends on the support of publishers.

Keywords: publishing projects, electronic-educational environment of the university, electronic library systems, promotion of educational resources, online resources for readers, methodical webinars of publishing houses, promoting library resources, online courses for librarians, content of library web resources, websites of university libraries

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship of particles as a grammatical and functional class with words of other parts of speech. The relevance of the research is determined by its involvement in the problems of studying the phenomenon of transitivity between grammatical classes of words, in particular, the process of particularization in modern Russian. The object of the study is the adjective "literal". The subject of the study is the syntagmatic, semantic and pragmatic features of this lexeme. The purpose of the work is to establish the types of use of the word literal, their syntagmatic and semantic qualifications. The paper uses a descriptive method, as well as elements of comparative and quantitative analysis. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that the range of meanings of the adjective literal is determined on the basis of the material of the NKRR and the specificity of its use in the function of the particle is revealed. It is established that the "literal" lexeme in modern Russian appears both in characteristic compatibility (with nouns with the meaning of speech or mental activity or its result) and in less or uncharacteristic compatibility (with words whose meaning is not related to speech activity). The features of the use of the adjective as a communicative-pragmatic unit functioning literally by the type of particle are determined: the presence of the pragmatic meaning ‘not real’, ‘similar’ while preserving the morphological and syntactic properties of the significant word. The main conclusion concerns the qualification of the word literal in such cases as a particle-like unit with hybrid properties. The results of the study can be used both in the study of other adjectival units involved in the process of particularization, and in lexicographic practice.

Keywords: hybrid properties, particularization, communicative and pragmatic function, syntactic functions, morphological properties, syntagmatics, pragmatics, semantics, particle, adjective name

Abstract: The relevance of the work is determined by the insufficient development of the axiological interpretation of the Gemeinschaft concept in modern linguistics. Axiological interpretation allows you to focus on the deep semantic content of the text through the concepts of "value attitude", "value orientations", "ideals", and on the functional semantics of evaluation. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the previously not attempted attempt to reconstruct that part of the axiosphere of the German language picture of the world, which is actualized by the Gemeinschaft concept. Therefore, the subject of our research is the axiological interpretation of this concept. The purpose of this work is to determine the axiological status of the Gemeinschaft concept using the axiological interpretation procedure and, based on the results obtained, recreate part of the axiosphere of the German language community. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to perform the following tasks: 1) to define the axiological interpretation; 2) to describe the specifics of the structure of the Gemeinschaft concept in modern German; 3) to use conceptual analysis to explicate the evaluative and value meanings of Gemeinschaft; 4) to subject the results obtained to axiological interpretation of the Gemeinschaft concept. Through the axiological analysis of the encyclopedic, interpretative and phraseological fields of the Gemeinschaft (community) concept, the features of its value and evaluation component are investigated. When considering the specifics of the structural organization of the Gemeinschaft concept, the most interesting segment for axiological analysis is the "connection" segment, built on value and spiritual unification.

Keywords: phraseological field, axiosphere, interpretative field, encyclopedic field, axiological interpretation, axiological analysis, Gemeinschaft, concept, value, evaluation

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the artistic style of the famous scientist-theologian, the outstanding poet Abdurakhman from Kakashura. Particular attention is paid to the philosophical and aesthetic principles that form the basis of his work. The artistic manner of Abdurahman from Kakashura is distinguished by the originality of his worldview, imagery and specific use of linguistic means. His poetic world contributes to the in-depth study of Sufism - one of the main phenomena in the political and cultural life of the Republic of Dagestan. The work of Abdurakhman from Kakashura carries a predominantly humanistic message; he is the founder of the humanistic trend in Kumyk literature and represents to some extent a transitional stage between the literature of the Middle Ages and the literature of Modern times. The influence of the work of Abdurakhman from Kakashura on the subsequent generations of Kumyk and Dagestan poets is also indisputable. It is also important to note that most of the issues in his poetry are understood very interestingly and had a great resonance in Dagestan and were important for the development of progressive thought of his time.

Keywords: literary and artistic style, tyurki, poetic language, spiritual literature, Sufism, humanism, poetic interpretation, vocabulary, semantics, traditions

Abstract: The object of this research is Ivan Bunin’s prose of the early period – “The Epitaph”. I. A. Bunin is a Neorealist writer of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries, publicist, a unique representative of the white émigré. The subject of this research is the reception of “The Epitaph” by modern audience based on the command of philological text analysis. Having analyzed the traditional semantic components of the literary text (that are part of the concept of “philological text analysis”), the authors offer modern approaches towards representation of the established semantic categories of the text, demonstrate their functionality on the linguistic level, analyze the methods of their lexical representation and verbalization, which determines the novelty of this article. The goal lies in philological analysis of I. A. Bunin's short fiction “The Epitaph”, taking into account the historical-cultural context of its creation, the role of extralinguistic factors in the text, and their reflection on the linguistic level, semantics of the title and keywords in the ideological-thematic content of the work and expression of the authorial position. Alongside the traditional methods of academic philology, such as historical-cultural, biographical, commentary reading, linguistic-stylistic analysis, the research employs the techniques of cognitive linguistics. This article is first to describe the experience of a commentary reading of I. A. Bunin's short fiction “The Epitaph”, which is based on cognition of the semantic components of the work through the prism of a linguostylistic approach within the framework of philological analysis. The authors reveal techniques of reading the text, placing emphasis on the lexical means of representation of the key semantic categories, which on the one hand reflect the writer’s worldview , while on the other – form his individual writing style. Such articulation of the problem determines the prospects for the study of other proses of I. A. Bunin.

Keywords: individual author's styl, representation, content categories, philological analysis of the text, Bunin, Epitaph, text, space-time continuum, analysis algorithm, methods of lexical representation

Abstract: The relevance of this research is defined by the scientific significance of the problem of Germany-Russia relations as an important factor of cross-cultural interaction. Dresden has imprinted hundreds of Russian names. This found reflection in the novel “Vision” by E. T. A. Hoffmannn, inspired by the experiences during his life in Dresden. The German romanticist appeared to be in the center of anti-Napoleonic War for a few month in 1813. Hoffmann also expressed his emotions in letters, diary notes, and publicistic texts. The “Unfathomable Event” of the novella “Vision” allowed avoiding unambiguity of explanation of the “fatal, difficult, and turbulent time”, as well as preserving the magic of the fantastic. It is noted that E. T. A. Hoffmann described in the novel and related texts the situations borrowed from life, reminiscences of the parlous Dresden days. At the same time, he highlighted the liberation mission of the Russian troops. Special attention is given to application of the so-called Serapiontic principle, which implies the transformation of reality in the consciousness of the imaginative nature. The novelty of this research consists in observation that the fantastic event described in the novel, turned Hoffmann into the “translator” of the meaning of feat of the Russian participants of the Liberation wars in the language of images. Such approach presented the peculiarities of development of the Russian theme and Russian literary images in the works of the German romanticist in the historical perspective.

Keywords: image, uncertainty, mystification, imagination, motive, theme, plot, Dresden, Serapiontic principle, symbol

Abstract: The object of this research is the genre of occupational novel. The subject is the image of character of occupational novel. The goal consists in determination of artistic specificity of the image of character in the process of development of the genre. Russian literary works for the period of 1920’s – 1970’s united by the image of a man of labor became the material for this study. The evolution of the image of character is viewed on the sampling of representational works. The conclusions are made that at the stage of formation of the genre of occupational novel (1920’s – 1930’s) dominates the image of the reformer of the world. The next stage (1940’s – 1950’s) marks the character of the defender of reformed world. Then, in the 1960’s, it is followed by the character-rationalizer. The final chronological stage of history of the genre (1970’s) personifies the image of a young hero-seeker, defined by the professional calling in life. The scientific novelty consists in reference to the genre of occupational novel in its entire evolution from the perspective of philological instrumental analysis, while the earlier studies were characterized by political bias. The genre of occupational novel is separated from the literary trends of the XX century, and is divided into historical periods. The article suggests a systemic analysis of the image of character of occupational novel within the framework of evolution of the genre. The author is firs to highlight the key artistic attributes that represent an artistic dominant for the image of character at each stage of development of the genre.

Keywords: history of Russian literature, periodization, Soviet literature, image of the hero, genre of the production novel, a literary portrait, Перевести вGoogleBingman of laborman of labor, Production novel, the theme of labor, artistic dominant

Abstract: This article examines the problem of analysis and interpretation of the literary hypermedia text. The object of this research is the electronic literary hypermedia texts in English language, while the subject is the textual parameters suitable for the analysis of texts of such type. The author meticulously reviews such textual categories as communicativeness (address), wholeness, connectedness, autosemantics, information capacity, topic, subject, and modality. Alongside the traditional textual categories, the article underlines the need for including the new categories, such as interactivity, visualization, nonverbal means for creating imagery, engagement and activeness of a reader. Despite the opinion that the nonlinear structure of hypertext literature prevents its analysis and critical comprehension, the author assumes that similar to any text, the literary hypermedia text possesses a set of categories and elements subjected to analysis and interpretation, while its interactivity, polycodeness, discretion and openness of the boundaries are not an obstacle for perception and understanding, but rather complement the traditional textual structure, leading to the emergence of new categories. As a result, it is determined in terms of analysis of the literary hypermedia text, besides the traditional categories should be considered the nonverbal means, such as graphics, audio and visual sequence, kinetic elements and their role in creation of imagery and realization of the author’s idea. The analysis of basic categories, with allowance for the typologically important nonlinearity and discretion of hypertext, must take place in parallel with the analysis of nonverbal components. The proposed parameters may underlie the creation of algorithm for the critical, philological analysis of the texts of such type.

Keywords: active reader, policoded structure, nonlinearity, imagery, interpretation, analysis, category, hypertext fiction, nonverbal elements, kinetic prose

Abstract: The subject of the research is the composition and narrative structure of Vladimir Nabokov's novel The Gift. Based on the analysis of the novel's structure and texts incorporated there, the author of the article suggests that we should view the novel not as a circle or analogous structures (Mobius band or spirals) but as a palimpsest, i.e. many times overwritten text. The author proves her idea by analyzing peculiarities of the artistic method used by Nabokov in his novel The Gift and declared by Fedor when the main idea of the future novel is developed, as well as particular judgements expressed by Nabokov through the mouths of his heroes. In the process of her research Kletskaya has used the hermeneutical method and biographical method as well as elements of the cultural-historical and comparative methods. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that for the first time in the academic literature Kletskaya develops a new way of interpretation of The Gift taking into account important statements about narrative peculiarities of The Gift, Nabokov's texts and novels incorporated in The Gift and created during the same period of time as well as direct philosophical and aesthetical statements that can be found in The Gift.

Keywords: art method, autobiographical, fiction, palimpsest, circular composition, metaroman, The novel Gift, Nabokov, momodernist literature, Russian literature

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of pause functioning in the play The Seagull by A.P. Chekhov. The aim of the study is to identify the code-and-sign function of the pause in the work of the Russian playwright-writer. The subject of the study is the pause, which is understood as a code-and-sign structure, regulating the course of action on the stage and, at the same time, translating the meaningful information about the relationship between the characters of the play and their personalities. At the same time, the sign features of the pause in the play The Seagull are due to the idiostyle of the author himself. Specific of the subject and the aim of the research require the use of a set of analytical methods in the framework of cognitive-semiotic approach. Methods of introspection, comparative analysis, and interpretative information analysis are used. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the fact that at the first time the pause in the play The Seagull is examined from the position of the theory of signs within its code-and-sign structure. Meanwhile, the regularity of the pause and its function of translating the meaning encoded by the author of the work are established. The main conclusions of the article are: 1) the pause in the dramatic works is due to the author's writing style. 2) the pause as an important code-and-sign element in plays of A.P. Chekhov violates the traditional understanding of the structure of the drama; it becomes a new trend in the field of theatrical art.

Keywords: The Seagull, non-verbal communication, event, idiostyle, code-and-sign function, pause, Chekhov, action, scene, silence

Abstract: The article is devoted to the N.V. Gogol's note in the album of Dr. I.P. Postnikov, left at 20th of May (N.S.), 1844. Scant information about the owner of the album gave scientists a reason to doubt the fact that Gogol and Postnikov were acquainted, thus, to doubt the authenticity of that note. Besides the issue of attribution, the question of interpretation is also raised. It is not known what Gogol did on that day, thus the interpretation of that note causes difficulties. We have proposed a variant of interpretation. All available information about the owner of the album and also about his acquaintance with Gogol is analyzed and systemized. Based on the biographical information about the doctor Postnikov the arguments in favor of the authenticity of the note in the album are given. The interpretation of the note in the context of New Testament reminiscences is proposed that gives the right to suggest that in the album note Gogol returns to the question of the role of art as a service to God.

Keywords: album note, interpretation, attribution, problem of authenticity, handwritten albums, russian literature, album culture, New Testament reminiscences, Gogol, Postnikov

Abstract: This article is devoted to the vocabulary used by modern youth. The authors of the article analyze the conceptual and linguistic contents of slang and try to define what causes the young generation to use it by comparing the vocabulary of senior school students and first-year university students. The variety of the material collected during the research allows to define the reasons why young people prefer to use slang intead of literary language. One of the reasons usually discussed is the low level of speech culture. The research material has been collected through the survey and questionnaires. The conclusion is that slang is actually a bright expressive means that enable young people not only to express their thoughts but also share their emotions. Noteworthy that when young people were used to explain the meaning of slang words, they used synonyms and word combinations that can be defined as diverse and expressive variants of standard Russian. The language material presented in the article can ba used as examples to study the speech of modern young people in terms of the Russian language and speech culture as well as active vocabulary of modern Russian. 

Keywords: society, culture of speech, language norms, emotionality, expressiveness, semantic content, vocabulary, conciseness, slang, consumption activity

Abstract: The authors of thsi article focus on the linguistic analysis of German childhood reading. They examine conceptual thematic strategies used by German authors to create an imaginary world where a child and his or her problems take the first place. The novelty of this research is caused by the fact that the authors describe peculiarities of the conceptual thematic strategies used by an author of childhood reading. The authors discover and describe linguistic and compositional means of realization of the conceptual thematic strategy of courage education in German childhood reading. The research methodology implies a combination of linguistic research methods including comparison, functional semantic, and conceptual interpretative analysis. The main conclusion of the research is that the problem of overcoming one's fear is very popular with young readers who seek answers to the questions raised by the real life. At the same time, it also serves adults' moral education targets and teaches children to deal with both life and psychological difficulties. 

Keywords: textual realization, character, strategies, compositional means, linguistic means, conceptual thematic strategies, courage education, fear, emotion, childhood reading

Abstract: In this article Fetisova defines the fundamentals of neoacmeism as one of the main literary schools of the XXth century, its concept and specific mythology that builds the poetic model of the world. The researcher analyzes the space-time continuum and its coordinates. Artistic space and time are viewed as a specific easthetic and verbal phenomenon. The author also introduces the term 'synchronous-reminiscential chronotope' displaced against the borders of the real space and time thus creating the 'polyphony-based monologue' in the mythology. Fetisova analyzes David Samoylov's writing - poetics, mythology and polysemantic genre specifics in terms of the neoacmeism paradigm. The author's comparative approach focuses on similar expressive means and author's style from literary techniques, general phrases, quotations, allusions to the general author's concept of the lyrical plot, artistic space and time (so called synchronous-reminiscential chronotope) that can be found in Anna Akhmatova's poems, Dante's The Divine Comedy and David Samoylov's poetry. The comparative analysis as well as the method of semiotic reconstruction complete each other and promote the detailed recoding of the poetic text. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that writings of a scantily studied poet from the 'frontline' generation are comprehensively interpreted by the author and viewed in terms of the mechanism of the cultural memory as the synthesis of the form and content. Coded references and reminiscences in neoacmeist texts relate to the author's method of polysemy and polycitationality of the implicit nature. Archetypic images are associated with several citation-containing references - Biblical, folkloric, and images of the Russian and world literature which allows to come up with several potential 'prototexts' and interpretations. On a formal level this approach encourages the origin of genres at the confluence of two or more genre 'valencies'. 

Keywords: myth, archetype, prototype, literary context, reminiscence, literary hero, synchronous-reminiscential chronotope, The Divine Comedy, David Samoylov, neoacmeism

Abstract: The subject of the present research is the interpretation of Dostoevsky's fiction by literary critics V. Woolf and L. Strachey. The Bloomsbury Group's interest in Dostoevsky's fiction was mainly predetermined by the overall Europe's fancy for the Russian culture and received a considerable impression of the colonial orientalism, however, signified the stage of the true acquaintance of British intellectuals with the Russian literature. Even though Woolf and Strachey had mostly the same evaluation of Dostoevsky's poetics, they had rather different opinions on the comic element of his fiction. The research methodology involves both a review of a number of works written by Woolf and Strachey and hermeneutic analysis of these texts considering historical and cultural environment that influenced the perception of Dostoevsky's fiction by the Bloomsbury Group. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that humour in Dostoevsky's fiction is an understudied topic in the European criticism of the early XXth century. By reviewing Woolf's and Strachey's articles the author of the present research draws conclusions about differences and similarities in Woolf's and Strachey's interpertation of humour in Dostoevsky's fiction and analyzes the grounds for their critical positions. 

Keywords: Ch. Dickens, British modernism in literature, F.M. Dostoevsky, L. Strachey, V. Woolf, Bloomsbury Group, G. Gissing, Restoration comedy

Abstract: The subject of the present research is the linguistic analysis and interpretation of the metamessage 'Francis as an ideal poor man' referring to the concept of poverty in 'Das Sunden-Buch' ('The Book of Hours') written by an Austrian poet of the XXth century Rainer Maria Rilke. Poetic messages form a different message of the concept based on the generally accepted meaning of the message. The author of the present article pays special attention to the conceptual level of the concept. The article is mostly devoted to the interpretation of the last poem 'O wo ist der, der aus Besitz und Zeit' ('Where it is, the creator of the great poverty') in the third part of the cycle 'Das Buch von der Armut und vom Tode' ('The Book of Poverty and Death'). The author analyzes the lexical and conceptual structures of the concept's metamessage and discoveries their relations to the other concepts of The Book of Hours. In order to study the poetical concept, the author has used the hermeneutic-linguistic method involving the following three steps: 1) Roland Barthes' method of textual analysis; 2) the method of predicate nests; and 3) the method of hermeneutic circle. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author provides a comprehensive linguistic analysis and interpretation of the final poem from Rainer Maria Rilke's 'The Book of Hours'. The realy period of the poet's creative writing is isually left out. The main conclusion of the research is that in The Book of Hours the phenomenon of poverty renders the message which differs from the generally accepted meaning. According to the researcher, the image of Francis is the prototype of Orpheus who appears in the late period of Rilke's creative writing. 

Keywords: Rilke, The Book of Hours, Francis of Assisi, poverty, poor people, concept, message/sense, interpretation, crystallization of the message/sense, dissipation of the message/sense

Abstract: The article addresses the problem of precedentiality within the texts of fiction, provides a definition of such concepts as the "common text" and "precedent name". The author of the article analyses different types of precedent names found in Chekhov's short stories  'Reporter's Dream', 'Pure Soul (The Story of an Idealist)', 'Jubilee' and 'Good People'. Special attention is given to biblical names because, according to  many researchers of biblical words, the biblical texts had a special status among precedent phenomena. The Bible relates an infinite variety of interpretations and due to that the Bible can be found everywhere. In the present study the researcher has used the method of stylistic analysis of texts. By analyzing four short stories of Anton Chekhov it is possible to identify several types of precedent names that are most typical for creativity of this writer. The novelty of this research is caused by the fact that precedentiality in the prose of Anton Chekhov was not addressed previously by researchers in the field of language, culture and literature. This author of the article discusses the types of precedent names based on the material of several short stories of Anton Chekhov: this is the name of the Moscow realities of the time (restaurants, hospitals, cemeteries, etc.), the names of classical writers, their works, literary characters' names, last names of famous people , the contemporaries of Anton Chekhov, geographical names, biblical names. Also in the works of Anton Chekhov one can observe a few cases of the names of songs and precedent texts (quotations and quasiquotations) as well as set expressions.

Keywords: biblicisms (biblical words), Bible, Anton Chekhov, precedent-related name, Yury Karaulov, precedentiality, precedent text, biblical names, Moscow, 19th century

Abstract: The subject of the research is the definition of literary terms 'realism', 'social realism', 'psychological realism' and 'metaphysical realism'. As a rule, texts that satisfy a number of criteria are considered to be realistic. However, such conventional approach creates numerious difficulties and contradictions. In particular, it does not allow to solve the problem of classification of 'realism in the highest meaning' as it was presented by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. There has been an opinion that the term 'realism' should be eliminated from the scientific discourse because it is too contradictory. The author of the present article offers an alternative approach to the definition of the term 'realism'. According to the author, realism is the effect created in the process of applying specific means of text interpretation. It is provede that relevant and logically uncontroversial combination of realism criteria is impossible. Thus, the conventional approach to the problem of realism is based on the wrong assumption. Based on particular examples, the author of the article develops and tries out the so-called three-operator method, i.e. abstract model of intepretation methods which application creates the effect of text realism. It is also demonstrated that the new approach does not create the difficulties and contradictions the conventional approach does. 

Keywords: semantic operator, psychological realism, realism, polyphony, metaphysical realism, interpretation, social realism, structuralism, creative method, chronotope

Abstract: This article contains the author's thoughts on patriotism of Mikhail Lermontov in terms of universal values. The declared topic is isomorphic by definition: two bodies, personality and society, are involved in the universal context of the development of the integral information epoch. Initially, the article is focused on the importance and relevancy of the integral patriotism of Lermontov that involves not only his love for the homelands, Russia and Scotland, but also love for the homelands of all nations on earth. The author bases his research on the analysis of Mikhail Lermontov's personality, life path and poetry as well as philosophical researches thereof. The topic is important because it shows the keyness (i.e. combination of key words) of Lermontov's works that reflects both individual and national content and cosmism. Analyzing the topic of love for homeland, the author differentiates the terms 'nativeland', 'fatherland', 'Russia' and touches upon the controversial poem 'Farewell! - unwashed, indigent Russia' (1841). The author corrects the mistake, in his opinion, Lermontov meant 'nemotnaya' (from the Russian 'nemota' - 'voicelessness') instead of 'nemytaya' which means 'unwashed'. The author also analyzes the terms 'love for God', 'duel' and 'cosmic patriotism' in Lermontov's works. 

Keywords: philology, Lermontov, patriotism, matrix, love, truth, compatriot, love for homeland, ignorance

Abstract: The author examines the novel by Mark Twain “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” as a landmark work that reflects the basic principles of the road movie genre. In this case, the concept of road movie is interpreted broadly, i.e. not only as a specific genre of cinema but as a specific literary genre. The author also examines a number of problems typical for road movie as a genre that implicitly describes the individual moving towards freedom: the problem of choice, overcoming of stereotypes, observation and comprehension of reality. A comparative analysis of literary works that describe the motion of individuals within space and related films was carried out as well as works created as a road movie in Russia / USSR / Russia were compared with the classic works in this genre. The author shows that “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” laid the basic principles of the genre in the conventional sense of the term (a specific genre of cinema) as well as in the relevant literary genre. The author also notes the differences between the traditional genre of road movie and its Russian modifications that are characterized by significantly different attitude to the movement as an approximation to freedom.

Keywords: stereotype, slavery, freedom, movement, space, road movie, Mark Twain, choice, observation, Russia

Abstract: The article is devoted to historiosophical views of Alexander Pushkin. Pushkin’s views on the destiny of the Russian Empire are defined by analyzing peculiarities of Pushkin’s images in his ‘The Bronze Horseman. Petersburg’s Novel’ published in 1833. That novel has become a very important piece of spiritual culture in our country. Since it was published, this masterpiece of Pushkin has been evoking a wide response and contradictory conceptual interpretations. Different interpretations are becoming excessive and shadowing the original text and the author’s position. Under the conditions of the ‘extended Universe it is quite natural to try to review the ideological meaning of The Bronze Horseman. According to the author, in order to better understand Pushkin’s masterpiece, it is necessary to shorten the novel to one central sentence and even to one ‘core’ word. According to the author, this ‘core’ word that reflects the contradictory dynamics of the world order is the predicate ‘stand’ in the last sentence of the first part of The Bronze Horseman. The original use of this predicate has attracted attention of many researchers of Pushkin but none of them has ever placed emphasis on it. According to the author of the present article, the original image was created by the two meanings of the verb ‘stand’ (stoyat’ in Russian): stoIt’ (to stand) and stOyat’ (to cost). Based on the author, it is difficult to completely understand the meaning of this key predicate because, firstly, it breaks the rhythm of the poem and secondly, it has the double meanings. This way, the images in Pushkin’s novel combine poetry with prose, common things with fantastic phenomena, the physical with the metaphysical. According to the author’s approached offered in this research article, Pushkin’s devotion to Russia as the Great Empire is obvious. Pushkin had a positive evaluation of Peter the Great in general and urged us to respect mercy and be merciful ourselves.

Keywords: verb, predicate, image, multiple meaning, poetry, prose, creative work, The Bronze Horseman, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, The Captain’s Daughter.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the expression of the idea of ‘hidden devil’ in the image of Lord Henry Wotton in Oscar Wilde’s novel ‘The Picture of the Dorian Gray’ and particular cultural environment for expressing that idea which was the cult of dandyism represented by Oscar Wilde himself. Analyzing critical writings on the origins of The Picture of Dorian Gray, the author of the article describes the development of Wilde’s esthetic views as part of various philosophical and artistic traditions where the matrix of fairy-tale played the personalizing role. In his research the author at first defines the indirect feature of Lord Henry which had some kind of duality: a surface gloss of good manner and wit are combined with abundant amoral qualities. As a result, his surroundings often compared him to the devil. But the most important thing is that the socialite tried to dispel the established moral values. As a result, he was the source of catastrophism for the society. In fact, Wotton also overturned universal human values. He did not accept moral standards and taught Dorian the idea of life free of morals. According to Lord Henry, human suffers from the moral laws he has himself created. The research methods used by the author of the present article include historical, ethical, philosophical, esthetical, literary and comparative analysis. All these methods combined provide an insight into demonology as a phenomenon. The scientific novelty of the article is in the author’s interpretation of Lord Wotton’s estheticism. According to the author, Wotton’s estheticism was catastrophically dangerous for the society because it had the ahrimanic nature. Therefore, the author concludes that even though Lord Wotton had good qualities, too, he was the man with a devilish soul of a cruel cynic and nihilist, a type of criminal who tempted and in the long run debauched the younger generation including Dorian. By doing so, Lord Wotton did not only enjoy his leisure life but also gained a faithful person whose soul he zombified and ruined.

Keywords: Oscar Wilde’s novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, Henry Wotton, human, artist, soul, devil, morals, estheticism and dandyism, type of criminal.

Abstract: The subject under review is Alexander Blok’s marginal notes on Thomas Carlyle’s essay ‘The Life and Works of Dante’. These notes are part of the creative heritage of the poet and constitute the semiotic text that is used for both understanding Blok’s reception of Dante and more profound understanding of the inmost confessions, thoughts and hidden intentions of Alexander Blok’s poetry and his anticipations of Russia’s historical future. The focus of the attention is the Dantean Orphic themes in Alexander Blok’s lyrics that are used to study Blok’s tragic path resulting from both the patterns of the development of the Russian symbolism and peculiarities of the creative personality of the poet. The research methodology is based on a famous thesis that a text exists only when it is accompanied with other texts. The plot of the article develops as the event of the ‘dialogic knowledge’ (M. Bakhtin’s expression). The novelty of the research is in using the dialogic text (which has never attracted the attention of researchers before) for interpreting the collisions of the creative mind of Alexander Blok. The poet’s moving from Dantean themes to Orphic themes which is interpreted by the author of the present article as a semantically important episode of Blok’s biography reflecting the dramatic nature of the last stage of Blok’s path has been out of the sight of literary historians.

Keywords: Carlyle, essay, Dante, Alexander Blok, the ‘leading dream’, ‘secret freedom’, ‘trilogy of humanizing’, Beatrice, Astarte, Orpheus, Gabars.

Abstract: The article casts light on Alexander Dovzhenko’s philosophical and ontological ideas. Taking into account the features of the first half of XX century, the author of the article focuses on a unique nature of the philosopher’s views on philosophy and culture. It allows to prove that Alexander Dovzhenko’s philosophy was unique as well as to compare his creative work with writings of famous world existentialists.

Keywords: philosophy, ontology, existentialism, culture, cinema, symbols, human, anthropology, cinema art, producer.

Abstract: The article is devoted to ideological and political connotations in I. Ilf’s and E. Petrov’s novels ‘The Twelve Chairs’ and ‘The Little Golden Calf’. The author of the article is being rather skeptical about ‘Anti-Soviet’ and ‘Anti-Trotsky’ implications of these novels (M. Odessky and D. Feldman). At the same time, the author studies prototypes of Ostap Bender, ‘Kisa’ Vorobyaninov and Vasisualy Lokhankin. The author shows that one of the persons which biography was used by the Soviet authors for creating Vorobyaninov’s image was a well-known monarchist, deputy of the II, III and IV State Duma V. Shulgin. This is why the novels can’t be considered ‘Anti-Soviet’. As for the image of Lokhanin, the author of the present article agrees with Nadezhda Mandelshtam and believes this image to be a parody of Russian intelligentsia, opposing to some respected experts such as S. Lurye and Yu. Scheglov who thought it to be an inadequate approach. At the end the author offers his own classification of prototypes of literary heroes. The author underlines that the relationship between a prototype and a hero is quite complicated and sometimes can be somehow ‘reversed’ –when an imaginary hero starts to influence the cultural perception of a real prototype.

Keywords: prototype, image, literary studies, USSR, ‘The Twelve Chairs’, ‘The Little Golden Calf’, Bender, Vorobyaninov, Lokhankin, intelligentsia.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the interpretation of the last work by a Soviet philosopher Nikolay Trubkinov in which he describes his meetings with some mystic creature he named Zephie. The author of the article tries to reveal the existential meaning of Trubnikov’s work and views Trubnikov’s text as the document showing human way to understanding his personal identity. The author of the article provides an existential analysis of Trubnikov’s work viewed as the reflection of the philosopher’s inner world. Analysis starts from the zero reference point – the point of absurdity. It is the point where the author’s Self is vague and floating along the flow of social life. However, such vague and floating Self gets centered in a non-factual event of the divine origin. May events from the philosopher’s real life are viewed in comparison with this non-factual reference point. The very high point is the chapter ‘Revelation on Patmos’ where the philosopher describes his own experience of seeing the Holy City. The main conflict here is the conflict between the Good and the Evil, between the human and animalistic.

Keywords: philology, Trubnikov, philosophy, existential, interpretation, divinity mystic, Self, guilt, Sophia.

Abstract: The author of the article views the contents and methods of literary and philosophical drafts written by Walter Benjamin and Louis-Ferdinand Celine after the revolution from the point of existential realism. European intellectuals who have a negative attitude to bourgeois social system are quite critical in perception of the Soviet realities. Compared to the described historical evidence, the author shares his own understanding of the past and present events and stresses out the priority of the existential over the social in human nature.

Keywords: philosophy, event, existential, social, history, revolution, meaning, language, Walter Benjamin, Louis-Ferdinand Celine.

Abstract: Three short articles written by Emile Verhaeren about art considerably differ from one another. The first article, Sensitivity for Art, is the highly artistic and original description of the feelings and emotions experienced by the art lover towards the artwork and can be described as the ‘poem in poetry’, while the second article, Academic Spirit, is the essay which author cautions against ‘contamination’ with this spirit. The third article is the critical article which truthfully and artistically describes museology in French province at the end of XIX century. This article could be of interest for Russian museologists.

Keywords: philology, Verhaeren, art, perception, pleasure, academy, museology, painting, province, feeling.

Abstract: The author of the article — philologist by his first education, writer and sociologist in his research activity — analyzes vocabulary and stylistics aspects of researches of humanitarian texts from the point of view of the Russian language norms and traditions. In the author’s opinion, in binary preposition of linguistic discourses (encratic and acratic languages) Russian method of keeping records of the results of scientific activity is still performed in the form of quasi language and can be defined as a complex of linguistic anomalies but not as a particular communication phenomenon. The given article provides an insight into the history of interactions between scientific and literary methods of keeping records and reflecting social reality — interaction expressed in the form of pendulous paradigm of divergence and convergence processes.

Keywords: philology, stylistics, binarity, paradigm, quasi language, discourse, literature determination, social skills, literature centrism, language arts, sign, symbol, image, metaphor, alphabet, knowledge, descriptiveness, hermeneutics, structuralism, paradoxicality.

Abstract: Based on Chateabriand’s ‘Memoires d’Outre-Tombe’ (literally ‘Memories from Beyond the Grave’) the author of the article discusses the role of imagination in a creative reproduction of the past through words. Based on the author, the main idea of the book is a struggle between a human in the stream of change and the power of time. By nature human a complete creature because he has a gift for thought and word, and therefore he is immortal. Analyzing some moments of Chateabriand’s poetics, the author of the article concludes that human can achieve success in his struggle against the time if he masters his word which helps him to revive the past.

Keywords: philology, philosophy, philosophy of culture, time, eternity, imagination, memory, Chateaubriand, Marcel Proust, word.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of Hegel’s views on a role of a symbol in poetry and music. The article casts light on such aspects of Hegel’s conception of symbol as: relation between a sign and a symbol, unconscious symbolic as the first stage of art and duality of a symbol.

Keywords: philology, philosophy, symbol, sign, symbolic, pre-art, art, unconscious symbolic, duality of a symbol, spiritual need.