Abstract: The author turns attention to one of the most acute problems of mankind – a problem of violence. At the same time, the author notes that the questions of origin, causes, control and prevention of human aggression just recently became a subject for s scientific research. Using a method of comparative analysis, this work examines three most significant theories of emergence of human aggression. Aggression as instinctive behavior is being studied from the positions psychoanalytic approach (S. Freud, etc.) and evolutionary approach. The latter includes ethological approach (K. Lorentz, N. Tinbergen, etc.), a hunting hypothesis (R. Ardri, D. Morris, etc.), and sociobiological approach (E. Wilson, R. Trivers, etc.). These approaches lean towards the fact that aggression has a biological, instinctive basis, in other words, aggression is an inherent instinct. The theory of motivation explains aggression as feeling of frustration (J. Dollard, N. Miller L. Berkowitz, etc.). Theories that state there is a priority of influence of the social upon the natural (theories of social learning (A.Bandura, etc.) and social influence (J. Tedeshchi, etc.)) prove that namely social environment encourages and stimulates aggression. The author criticizes theories of human aggression and comes to a conclusion that the growth of moral responsibility for the consequences of their actions did not provide guarantees that the mankind will not destroy itself. Moral restrictions, regulations of global ethics are far behind the technological progress. A qualitatively new methodology is required.

Keywords: social learning theory, frustration theory, instinctive behavior, social, natural, aggressiveness, aggression, social influence theory, violence, responsibility

References:
Beron R., Richardson D. Agressiya. SPb: Piter, 2001. 352 s.
Karimskiy A.M. Sotsial'nyy biologizm: priroda i ideologicheskaya napravlennost'. M.: Mysl', 1984. 208 s.
Tabatadze G.S. Nasilie kak sotsial'noe yavlenie // Vestnik VolGU. Seriya 7: Filosofiya. Sotsiologiya i sotsial'nye tekhnologii. 2003. № 3. S. 109-117. Elektronnyy resurs (data obrashcheniya 17.03.2015) Nauchnaya biblioteka KiberLeninka: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nasilie-kak-sotsialnoe-yavlenie#ixzz3WHE2W5rm
Lorenz K. On Aggression, N.-Y., 1967, P. 275. Tsit po: Karimskiy A.M. Sotsial'nyy biologizm: priroda i ideologicheskaya napravlennost'. M.: Mysl', 1984. 208 s.
Lorents K. Agressiya (tak nazyvaemoe Zlo). Elektronnyy resurs (data obrashcheniya 18.03.2015) http://royallib.com/read/konrad_lorents/agressiya_tak_nazivaemoe_zlo.html#0
Belov A.V. Sotsial'naya otvetstvennost': opyt filosofskogo issledovaniya. Volgograd, 2012. 163 c.
Nazaretyan A.P. Antropologiya nasiliya i kul'tura samoorganizatsii: Ocherki po evolyutsionno-istoricheskoy psikhologii. M.: Knizhnyy dom «LIBROKOM», 2012. 256 s. (Sinergetika v gumanitarnykh naukakh.).
Sm. Davidenkov S.N. Evolyutsionno-geneticheskie problemy v nevropatologii. L: I-t im. S.M. Kirova, 1947. 382 s.
Ardrey R. African Genesis. N.Y., 1961.
Lorents K. Agressiya (tak nazyvaemoe «zlo»). M.: Progress-Univers, 1994. 269 s.
Vol'tman L. Politicheskaya antropologiya: issledovanie o vliyanii evolyutsionnoy teorii na uchenie o politicheskom razvitii narodov. SPb., 1905. S. 307.
Freyd Z. Budushchee odnoy illyuzii… M.: AST: Astrel', 2011. 251 s.
Micherlikh A. Tsit.po Karimskiy A.M. Sotsial'nyy biologizm: priroda i ideologicheskaya napravlennost'. M.: Mysl', 1984. 208 s.
Gobbs T. Izbr. proizv. V 2-kh t., T. 1. M., 1964. 583 s.
Fromm E. Anatomiya chelovecheskoy destruktivnosti. M.: Respublika, 1994. 447 s. Elektronnyy resurs (data obrashcheniya 25.03.2015). S. 22 http://www.novsu.ru/npe/files/um/1412/bg/shell/arh/istoch/Fromm%20E.%20Anatomiya%20chelovecheskoy%20destruktivnosti.htm
Fromm E. Dusha cheloveka. M.: Respublika, 1992. 429 s.
Storr A. Human Agression. Harmondsworth, 1974. P. 159.
Subbotina N.D. Estestvennye i sotsial'nye sostavlyayushchie agressii // Gumanitarnyy vektor. Seriya: Pedagogika, psikhologiya . 2010. №4. Elektronnyy resurs (data obrashcheniya: 01.06.2015). Nauchnaya biblioteka KiberLeninka: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/estestvennye-i-sotsialnye-sostavlyayuschie-agressii#ixzz3dLrxEvv5
Izard K.E. Psikhologiya emotsiy. Spb: Piter, 2008. 464 s.
Psikhologiya. Slovar' / pod obshch. red. A.V.Petrovskogo, M.G.Yaroshevskogo. M.: Politizdat, 1990. 494 s.
Alland A. The Human Imperative. New York-Lon, 1972. P. 31.
Khollicher V. Chelovek i agressiya. M., 1975. 132 c.
Markuze G. Eros i tsivilizatsiya. Odnomernyy chelovek: Issledovanie ideologii razvitogo industrial'nogo obshchestva / G. Markuze; Per. s angl., poslesl., primech. A.A. Yudina; Sost., predisl. V.Yu. Kuznetsova. M: OOO "Izdatel'stvo ACT", 2002. 526 s.

References (transliteration):
Beron R., Richardson D. Agressiya. SPb: Piter, 2001. 352 s.
Karimskiy A.M. Sotsial'nyy biologizm: priroda i ideologicheskaya napravlennost'. M.: Mysl', 1984. 208 s.
Tabatadze G.S. Nasilie kak sotsial'noe yavlenie // Vestnik VolGU. Seriya 7: Filosofiya. Sotsiologiya i sotsial'nye tekhnologii. 2003. № 3. S. 109-117. Elektronnyy resurs (data obrashcheniya 17.03.2015) Nauchnaya biblioteka KiberLeninka: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nasilie-kak-sotsialnoe-yavlenie#ixzz3WHE2W5rm
Lorenz K. On Aggression, N.-Y., 1967, P. 275. Tsit po: Karimskiy A.M. Sotsial'nyy biologizm: priroda i ideologicheskaya napravlennost'. M.: Mysl', 1984. 208 s.
Lorents K. Agressiya (tak nazyvaemoe Zlo). Elektronnyy resurs (data obrashcheniya 18.03.2015) http://royallib.com/read/konrad_lorents/agressiya_tak_nazivaemoe_zlo.html#0
Belov A.V. Sotsial'naya otvetstvennost': opyt filosofskogo issledovaniya. Volgograd, 2012. 163 c.
Nazaretyan A.P. Antropologiya nasiliya i kul'tura samoorganizatsii: Ocherki po evolyutsionno-istoricheskoy psikhologii. M.: Knizhnyy dom «LIBROKOM», 2012. 256 s. (Sinergetika v gumanitarnykh naukakh.).
Sm. Davidenkov S.N. Evolyutsionno-geneticheskie problemy v nevropatologii. L: I-t im. S.M. Kirova, 1947. 382 s.
Ardrey R. African Genesis. N.Y., 1961.
Lorents K. Agressiya (tak nazyvaemoe «zlo»). M.: Progress-Univers, 1994. 269 s.
Vol'tman L. Politicheskaya antropologiya: issledovanie o vliyanii evolyutsionnoy teorii na uchenie o politicheskom razvitii narodov. SPb., 1905. S. 307.
Freyd Z. Budushchee odnoy illyuzii… M.: AST: Astrel', 2011. 251 s.
Micherlikh A. Tsit.po Karimskiy A.M. Sotsial'nyy biologizm: priroda i ideologicheskaya napravlennost'. M.: Mysl', 1984. 208 s.
Gobbs T. Izbr. proizv. V 2-kh t., T. 1. M., 1964. 583 s.
Fromm E. Anatomiya chelovecheskoy destruktivnosti. M.: Respublika, 1994. 447 s. Elektronnyy resurs (data obrashcheniya 25.03.2015). S. 22 http://www.novsu.ru/npe/files/um/1412/bg/shell/arh/istoch/Fromm%20E.%20Anatomiya%20chelovecheskoy%20destruktivnosti.htm
Fromm E. Dusha cheloveka. M.: Respublika, 1992. 429 s.
Storr A. Human Agression. Harmondsworth, 1974. P. 159.
Subbotina N.D. Estestvennye i sotsial'nye sostavlyayushchie agressii // Gumanitarnyy vektor. Seriya: Pedagogika, psikhologiya . 2010. №4. Elektronnyy resurs (data obrashcheniya: 01.06.2015). Nauchnaya biblioteka KiberLeninka: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/estestvennye-i-sotsialnye-sostavlyayuschie-agressii#ixzz3dLrxEvv5
Izard K.E. Psikhologiya emotsiy. Spb: Piter, 2008. 464 s.
Psikhologiya. Slovar' / pod obshch. red. A.V.Petrovskogo, M.G.Yaroshevskogo. M.: Politizdat, 1990. 494 s.
Alland A. The Human Imperative. New York-Lon, 1972. P. 31.
Khollicher V. Chelovek i agressiya. M., 1975. 132 c.
Markuze G. Eros i tsivilizatsiya. Odnomernyy chelovek: Issledovanie ideologii razvitogo industrial'nogo obshchestva / G. Markuze; Per. s angl., poslesl., primech. A.A. Yudina; Sost., predisl. V.Yu. Kuznetsova. M: OOO "Izdatel'stvo ACT", 2002. 526 s.

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes Mahatma Gandhi's social and philosophical views from the point of view of the modern definition of 'human dignity'. In this article the author clarifies anthropological views of the Indian philosopher and his views on personal development. Gandhi's struggle for the rights of the people who had the lowest social status in the Indian society is demonstrated to be the practical example of the philosopher's acknowledgement of their dignity. The author of the article also considers Satyagraha as the mutually related moral development of the two actors: Satyagraha (i.e. someone who practices Satyagraha) and his opponent that happen as a result of practical implementation of a number of ideas referring to human dignity. Based on the categorial analysis, the author also specifies the key terms and concepts in Gandhi's philosophy (human dignity, development, freedom, self-rule, endurance of suffering, shame and dialogue) and examines how these terms are related to one another. Analyzing Satyagraha from the point of view of modern views on human dignity developed in the Western philosophy, the author suggests that we should view different components of Gandhi's philosophy as the elements of his idea of personal development. For the first time in the academic literature the author of the article studies the mechanism of transfering the impulse for development from a Satyagraha to his opponent as a result of their interaction during Satyagraha campaign. Acknowledgement and development of one's own dignity combined with a respectful treatment of the Other's dignity as they are practiced by a Satyagraha are viewed as the condition for similar changes in the internal life of the opponent and transfromation of an initially conflict situation into a dialogue. 

Keywords: human dignity, Mahatma Gandhi, Satyagraha, freedom, self-rule, endurance of suffering, sense of shame, development, the Other, dialogue

References:
Shchuplenkov O.V., Shchuplenkov N.O. Natsional'no-kul'turnaya identichnost' v kontekste filosofskoy traditsii dialoga kul'tur // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-10.-C. 183-244. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.10.8848. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_8848.html
E.M. Spirova Fenomen dukha v filosofskoy antropologii // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2013.-1.-C. 26-34. DOI: 10.7256/ 2070-8955.2013.01.4.
Varma V. P. The Political Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi and Sarvodaya. – Agra: Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, 1959.
Yurlova E. S. «Neprikasaemye» v Indii. – M.: Nauka. Glav. red. vostochnoy literatury, 1989.
Chatterjee M. Gandhi’s Religious Thought. – Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1983.
Prasad M. Social Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi. – Gorachpur: Vishwavidyalaya Prakashan, 1958.
Soni S. K., Kapoor S. Gandhi’s Concept of Freedom // Gandhi Marg. 1992. Vol. 13. № 4. P. 443–453.
Speeches and Writings of M. K. Gandhi. – Madras: G. A. Natesan, 1922.
The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi. – Ahmedabad: The Publications Division. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Government of India, 1958–1994. 100 volumes.
Shiller F. Sobr. soch. v 7 tt. – M.: Gos. izd. khudozhestvennoy literatury, 1955–1957. T. 6.
Ustyan V. G. Vozniknovenie i razvitie problemy dostoinstva cheloveka v svyatootecheskoy mysli perioda apologetov // Nauchnye vedomosti Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Filosofiya. Sotsiologiya. Pravo. 2009. № 8. S. 188–199.
Solov'ev V. S. Opravdanie dobra. – M.: Respublika, 1996.
Rashkovskiy E. B. Iskhod – kniga o svobode i dostoinstve cheloveka v Boge // Reshenie. 2004. № 7. S. 14–15.
Rashkovskiy E. B. Na osi vremen. Ocherki filosofii istorii. – M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 1999.
Rybakov R. B. Nenasil'stvennaya bor'ba za mir bez nasiliya (Akhimsa v indiyskoy traditsii i v uchenii M. K. Gandi) // Patsifizm v istorii. Idei i dvizheniya mira. – M.: Institut vseobshchey istorii RAN, 1998. S. 122–148.
Skorokhodova T. G. Bengal'skoe Vozrozhdenie. Ocherki istorii sotsiokul'turnogo sinteza v indiyskoy filosofskoy mysli Novogo vremeni. – SPb.: Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie, 2008.
Toynbi A. Dzh. Postizhenie istorii / Per. s angl. – M.: Progress, 1991.
Uspenskaya E. N. Antropologiya indiyskoy kasty. – SPb.: Nauka, 2010.
Stepanyants M. T. Filosofiya nenasiliya: uroki gandizma. M.: O-vo «Znanie» Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1992.
Men' A. V. Trudnyy put' k dialogu. – M.: Fond imeni Aleksandra Menya, 2001.
Kant I. Kritika prakticheskogo razuma. – SPb.: Nauka, 1995.
Kuznetsov V. V. Vlast' dukha kak sushchnost' chelovecheskogo dostoinstva // Izvestiya Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. A. I. Gertsena. 2006. T. 7. № 21-1. S. 21–33.
Vlasova O. V. Formirovanie predstavleniy o chesti i dostoinstve lichnosti v istorii razvitiya obshchestva: evolyutsionno-pravovoe izmerenie // Vestnik PAGS. 2011. № S. 44–50.
Datta D. Filosofiya Makhatmy Gandi / Per. s angl. A. V. Radugina. – M.: Izd-vo inostr. lit., 1959.
Abelev G. I. O dostoinstve v zhizni i nauke // Abelev G. I. Ocherki nauchnoy zhizni. – M.: Nauchnyy mir, 2006. S. 247–257.

References (transliteration):
Shchuplenkov O.V., Shchuplenkov N.O. Natsional'no-kul'turnaya identichnost' v kontekste filosofskoy traditsii dialoga kul'tur // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-10.-C. 183-244. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2013.10.8848. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_8848.html
E.M. Spirova Fenomen dukha v filosofskoy antropologii // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika.-2013.-1.-C. 26-34. DOI: 10.7256/ 2070-8955.2013.01.4.
Varma V. P. The Political Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi and Sarvodaya. – Agra: Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, 1959.
Yurlova E. S. «Neprikasaemye» v Indii. – M.: Nauka. Glav. red. vostochnoy literatury, 1989.
Chatterjee M. Gandhi’s Religious Thought. – Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1983.
Prasad M. Social Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi. – Gorachpur: Vishwavidyalaya Prakashan, 1958.
Soni S. K., Kapoor S. Gandhi’s Concept of Freedom // Gandhi Marg. 1992. Vol. 13. № 4. P. 443–453.
Speeches and Writings of M. K. Gandhi. – Madras: G. A. Natesan, 1922.
The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi. – Ahmedabad: The Publications Division. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Government of India, 1958–1994. 100 volumes.
Shiller F. Sobr. soch. v 7 tt. – M.: Gos. izd. khudozhestvennoy literatury, 1955–1957. T. 6.
Ustyan V. G. Vozniknovenie i razvitie problemy dostoinstva cheloveka v svyatootecheskoy mysli perioda apologetov // Nauchnye vedomosti Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Filosofiya. Sotsiologiya. Pravo. 2009. № 8. S. 188–199.
Solov'ev V. S. Opravdanie dobra. – M.: Respublika, 1996.
Rashkovskiy E. B. Iskhod – kniga o svobode i dostoinstve cheloveka v Boge // Reshenie. 2004. № 7. S. 14–15.
Rashkovskiy E. B. Na osi vremen. Ocherki filosofii istorii. – M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 1999.
Rybakov R. B. Nenasil'stvennaya bor'ba za mir bez nasiliya (Akhimsa v indiyskoy traditsii i v uchenii M. K. Gandi) // Patsifizm v istorii. Idei i dvizheniya mira. – M.: Institut vseobshchey istorii RAN, 1998. S. 122–148.
Skorokhodova T. G. Bengal'skoe Vozrozhdenie. Ocherki istorii sotsiokul'turnogo sinteza v indiyskoy filosofskoy mysli Novogo vremeni. – SPb.: Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie, 2008.
Toynbi A. Dzh. Postizhenie istorii / Per. s angl. – M.: Progress, 1991.
Uspenskaya E. N. Antropologiya indiyskoy kasty. – SPb.: Nauka, 2010.
Stepanyants M. T. Filosofiya nenasiliya: uroki gandizma. M.: O-vo «Znanie» Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1992.
Men' A. V. Trudnyy put' k dialogu. – M.: Fond imeni Aleksandra Menya, 2001.
Kant I. Kritika prakticheskogo razuma. – SPb.: Nauka, 1995.
Kuznetsov V. V. Vlast' dukha kak sushchnost' chelovecheskogo dostoinstva // Izvestiya Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. A. I. Gertsena. 2006. T. 7. № 21-1. S. 21–33.
Vlasova O. V. Formirovanie predstavleniy o chesti i dostoinstve lichnosti v istorii razvitiya obshchestva: evolyutsionno-pravovoe izmerenie // Vestnik PAGS. 2011. № S. 44–50.
Datta D. Filosofiya Makhatmy Gandi / Per. s angl. A. V. Radugina. – M.: Izd-vo inostr. lit., 1959.
Abelev G. I. O dostoinstve v zhizni i nauke // Abelev G. I. Ocherki nauchnoy zhizni. – M.: Nauchnyy mir, 2006. S. 247–257.