Abstract: The subject of this research is the evolution of attitudes upon the phenomenon of mass culture within the framework of the Russian cultural and philosophical discourse of the XIX-XXI centuries. The author considers the presented concepts from the perspective of their historical conditionality, differentiation, paradigm, and effectiveness. Special attention is paid to the modern status of the problem. Without the dedicated, detailed, and methodologically-oriented determination of boundaries and conceptual cultural layers, the further development of the Russian scientific thought alongside the more efficient existence of Russia itself is impossible in the modern circumstances. Due to this fact, this research is based on the theoretical constructs and reasoning of the phenomenon of mass culture within the Russian philosophy and culturology. The scientific novelty first and foremost consists in the fact that analytics does not focus on a certain stage of cultural reflection of the phenomenon, but is built on the gradual (including comparative) understanding of its specificity in the context of pre-terminological and precisely terminological periods that cover just over 200 years.

Keywords: models of mass culture, Russian cultural studies, Russian philosophy, Russian cultural and philosophical discourse, modern culture, mass culture, philosophy of culture, concept of mass culture, evolution of ideas, theory of culture

References:
Federal'nyy gosudarstvennyy obrazovatel'nyy standart vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya dlya napravleniya podgotovki 033000 «Kul'turologiya» (uroven' bakalavriata). Utverzhden prikazom Ministerstva obrazovaniya i nauki RF ¹ 71 ot 25 yanvarya 2010 g.
Stalin I.V. Ob osnovakh leninizma / I.V. Stalin // Cochineniya. – T. 6. – M.: OGIZ; Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo politicheskoy literatury, 1947. – S. 69-188. – URL: http://www.great-country.ru/content/lib/stalin_sobr/6-14.htm (data obrashcheniya: 21.07.2016).
Pron'kina A.V. Fenomen massovoy kul'tury v dissertatsionnykh issledovaniyakh (2000-2015 gg.): bibliometricheskiy analiz / A.V. Pron'kina // Obshchestvo: filosofiya, istoriya, kul'tura. – 2016. – Vypusk ¹ 4. – S. 127-129.
Lotman Yu.M. Sovremennost' mezhdu vostokom i zapadom / Yu.M. Lotman // Znamya. – 1997. – ¹ 9. – URL: http://philology.ru/literature2/lotman-97.htm (data obrashcheniya: 21.07.2016).
Lenin V.I. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy. Tom 35. Oktyabr' 1917 – mart 1918 / V.I. Lenin. – M.: Izdatel'stvo politicheskoy literatury, 1974. – 600 c.
Lenin V.I. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy. Tom 24. Sentyabr' 1913 – mart 1914 / V.I. Lenin. – M.: Izdatel'stvo politicheskoy literatury, 1973. – 568 c.
Kostina A.V. Traditsionnaya, elitarnaya i massovaya kul'tury. Kontseptual'nye podkhody k issledovaniyu / A.V. Kostina. – URL: http://rudocs.exdat.com/docs/index-233993.html (data obrashcheniya: 21.07.2016).
Kostina A.V. Sootnoshenie traditsionnosti i tvorchestva kak osnova sotsiokul'turnoy dinamiki / A.V. Kostina. – M.: URSS, 2010. – 144 s.
Kostina A.V. Kul'tura mezhdu rabstvom kon'yunktury, rabstvom obychaya i rabstvom statusa / A.V. Kostina, A.Ya. Flier. – M.: Soglasie, 2010. – 680 s.
Kostina A.V. Massovaya kul'tura kak fenomen postindustrial'nogo obshchestva / A.V. Kostina. – M.: Bukinist, 2013. – 352 s.
Kartseva E.N. Ideyno-esteticheskie osnovy burzhuaznoy «massovoy kul'tury» / E.N. Kartseva. – M.: Znanie, 1976. – 112 s.
Gor'kiy A.M. Razrushenie lichnosti // Maksim Gor'kiy: pro et contra / Vstup. st., sost. i primech. Yu.V. Zobnina. – SPb.: RKhGI, 1997. – URL: http://az.lib.ru/g/gorxkij_m/text_0420.shtml (data obrashcheniya: 21.07.2016).

References (transliteration):
Federal'nyy gosudarstvennyy obrazovatel'nyy standart vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya dlya napravleniya podgotovki 033000 «Kul'turologiya» (uroven' bakalavriata). Utverzhden prikazom Ministerstva obrazovaniya i nauki RF ¹ 71 ot 25 yanvarya 2010 g.
Stalin I.V. Ob osnovakh leninizma / I.V. Stalin // Cochineniya. – T. 6. – M.: OGIZ; Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo politicheskoy literatury, 1947. – S. 69-188. – URL: http://www.great-country.ru/content/lib/stalin_sobr/6-14.htm (data obrashcheniya: 21.07.2016).
Pron'kina A.V. Fenomen massovoy kul'tury v dissertatsionnykh issledovaniyakh (2000-2015 gg.): bibliometricheskiy analiz / A.V. Pron'kina // Obshchestvo: filosofiya, istoriya, kul'tura. – 2016. – Vypusk ¹ 4. – S. 127-129.
Lotman Yu.M. Sovremennost' mezhdu vostokom i zapadom / Yu.M. Lotman // Znamya. – 1997. – ¹ 9. – URL: http://philology.ru/literature2/lotman-97.htm (data obrashcheniya: 21.07.2016).
Lenin V.I. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy. Tom 35. Oktyabr' 1917 – mart 1918 / V.I. Lenin. – M.: Izdatel'stvo politicheskoy literatury, 1974. – 600 c.
Lenin V.I. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy. Tom 24. Sentyabr' 1913 – mart 1914 / V.I. Lenin. – M.: Izdatel'stvo politicheskoy literatury, 1973. – 568 c.
Kostina A.V. Traditsionnaya, elitarnaya i massovaya kul'tury. Kontseptual'nye podkhody k issledovaniyu / A.V. Kostina. – URL: http://rudocs.exdat.com/docs/index-233993.html (data obrashcheniya: 21.07.2016).
Kostina A.V. Sootnoshenie traditsionnosti i tvorchestva kak osnova sotsiokul'turnoy dinamiki / A.V. Kostina. – M.: URSS, 2010. – 144 s.
Kostina A.V. Kul'tura mezhdu rabstvom kon'yunktury, rabstvom obychaya i rabstvom statusa / A.V. Kostina, A.Ya. Flier. – M.: Soglasie, 2010. – 680 s.
Kostina A.V. Massovaya kul'tura kak fenomen postindustrial'nogo obshchestva / A.V. Kostina. – M.: Bukinist, 2013. – 352 s.
Kartseva E.N. Ideyno-esteticheskie osnovy burzhuaznoy «massovoy kul'tury» / E.N. Kartseva. – M.: Znanie, 1976. – 112 s.
Gor'kiy A.M. Razrushenie lichnosti // Maksim Gor'kiy: pro et contra / Vstup. st., sost. i primech. Yu.V. Zobnina. – SPb.: RKhGI, 1997. – URL: http://az.lib.ru/g/gorxkij_m/text_0420.shtml (data obrashcheniya: 21.07.2016).

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of ontological possibilities Zoroastrian map of the constellations. Special attention is paid to comparative interpretation reconstructed by P. Apian Zoroastrian map of the sky and the traditional map of the Greek sky. The article also discusses the final stage of formation 12-membered of the Zodiac, is developing the concept of “zodiac recipe.” The article also assesses the graphic reconstruction 1533 as the source, reflecting the essence of the tradition of the constellations formed during the period of cultural contact media astronomical knowledge of Ancient Mesopotamia with representatives zarvanytsia religious traditions.The paper uses a comparative analysis of the sources related to the subject of research, critical analysis of previously published works of domestic and foreign researchers.In the first article shows the possibility of the existence of Zoroastrian map of the constellations and the possibility of its influence on the formation of the Greek tradition of the constellations. The main findings of the article are that the fixation of the Zodiac in his finished (actually today), occurs during the interaction between the Zoroastrian and Mesopotamian culture.

References:
Rak I.V. Mify Drevnego i rannesrednevekovogo Irana (zoroastrizm) / Per. original'nykh tekstov O.N. Chunakovoy i I.S. Braginskogo. SPb., 1998.
Apianus Peterus. Horoscopion generale... Ingolstadt, 1533.
Perel'man Ya.I. Zanimatel'naya geometriya. M.: Gos. izd-vo tekhniko-teoreticheskoy literatury, 1955.
Kunitzsch P. Peter Apian and “Azophi”: Arabic constellations in Renaissance astronomy // J. Hist. Astron. 1987. Vol. 18. P. 117–124.
Beruni A.R. Kniga vrazumleniya nachatkam nauki o zvezdakh (Izbrannye proizvedeniya. T. VI.). Tashkent: “FAN” Uzbekskoy SSR, 1975.
Toby Lester T. Der vierte Kontinent. Berlin. Verlag, 2010.
Weidler J.F. Historia astronomiae. Vitembergae, 1741.
Matvievskaya G.P. Abd ar-Rakhman as-Sufi. M.: Nauka, 1999.
Abdulaev E.V. Idei Platona mezhdu Elladoy i Sogdianoy. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2007.
Eliade M. Svyashchennoe i mirskoe. M.: Izd-vo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1994.
Kuz'min A.V. Zhertvoprinoshenie “Nebesnogo konya”. Tainstvo “tvoreniya” Vselennoy // Chelovek. 2013. ¹ 5. S. 31-40.
Arat. Yavleniya / Per. A.A. Rossiusa // Nebo, nauka, poeziya. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1992.
Van-der-Varden B. Probuzhdayushchayasya nauka II. Rozhdenie astronomii. M.: Nauka, 1991.
Nikulina N.M. Iskusstvo Ionii i Akhemenidskogo Irana (Po materialam gliptiki V-IV vv. do n.e.). M.: Iskusstvo, 1994.
Pavlenko A.N. Propisi bytiya (o vremennoy sushchnosti tekhniki) // Chelovek. 2003. ¹ 5. S. 5-15.
Gurshteyn A.A. Zodiak i istoriya evropeyskoy kul'tury // VDI ¹ 1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 153-161.
Pavlenko A.N. Vozmozhnost' tekhniki. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2010.
Pavlenko A.N. Teoriya i teatr. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2006

References (transliteration):
Rak I.V. Mify Drevnego i rannesrednevekovogo Irana (zoroastrizm) / Per. original'nykh tekstov O.N. Chunakovoy i I.S. Braginskogo. SPb., 1998.
Apianus Peterus. Horoscopion generale... Ingolstadt, 1533.
Perel'man Ya.I. Zanimatel'naya geometriya. M.: Gos. izd-vo tekhniko-teoreticheskoy literatury, 1955.
Kunitzsch P. Peter Apian and “Azophi”: Arabic constellations in Renaissance astronomy // J. Hist. Astron. 1987. Vol. 18. P. 117–124.
Beruni A.R. Kniga vrazumleniya nachatkam nauki o zvezdakh (Izbrannye proizvedeniya. T. VI.). Tashkent: “FAN” Uzbekskoy SSR, 1975.
Toby Lester T. Der vierte Kontinent. Berlin. Verlag, 2010.
Weidler J.F. Historia astronomiae. Vitembergae, 1741.
Matvievskaya G.P. Abd ar-Rakhman as-Sufi. M.: Nauka, 1999.
Abdulaev E.V. Idei Platona mezhdu Elladoy i Sogdianoy. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2007.
Eliade M. Svyashchennoe i mirskoe. M.: Izd-vo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1994.
Kuz'min A.V. Zhertvoprinoshenie “Nebesnogo konya”. Tainstvo “tvoreniya” Vselennoy // Chelovek. 2013. ¹ 5. S. 31-40.
Arat. Yavleniya / Per. A.A. Rossiusa // Nebo, nauka, poeziya. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1992.
Van-der-Varden B. Probuzhdayushchayasya nauka II. Rozhdenie astronomii. M.: Nauka, 1991.
Nikulina N.M. Iskusstvo Ionii i Akhemenidskogo Irana (Po materialam gliptiki V-IV vv. do n.e.). M.: Iskusstvo, 1994.
Pavlenko A.N. Propisi bytiya (o vremennoy sushchnosti tekhniki) // Chelovek. 2003. ¹ 5. S. 5-15.
Gurshteyn A.A. Zodiak i istoriya evropeyskoy kul'tury // VDI ¹ 1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 153-161.
Pavlenko A.N. Vozmozhnost' tekhniki. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2010.
Pavlenko A.N. Teoriya i teatr. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2006

Abstract: McDonaldization as a form of rationality The object of this research is the nature of McDonaldization, while the subject is McDonaldization as a form of rationality, which is common to a post-nonclassical world outlook and in-demand by the ideology of consumerism. Basing on the types of formal rationality proposed by George Ritzer, the author analyzes the locality and universality of the process of McDonaldization, and reveals the dependency of associated with it practices with the environmental circumstances and requirements  of the economic development. The content and peculiarities of the reasonable and practical rationality, correspondence of the value and targeted within rationality, limits of the rational, and irrationality of the rational are being researched during the course of this work. Scientific novelty consists in the proposition of thesis on the dependency of McDonaldization as a specific form of rationality from the peculiarities of the modern development. The problematics of this article allows formulating a number of statements: 1) thesis on the need for further research of the principles of McDonaldization and their effect upon the broad spectrum of social phenomena is substantiated; 2) problem of demand for McDonaldinized practices by the consumer society gains significant relevance.  

Keywords: efficiency, formal principles, McDonaldinized practices , practical rationality, reasonable rationality, rationality, McDonaldization, calculability, predictability, control

References:
Rittser Dzh. Makdonal'dizatsiya obshchestva 5. M.: Izdatel'skaya i konsaltingovaya gruppa «Praksis», 2011. 592 s.
Spirin A. D. Predskazuemost' kak fundamental'noe ponyatie bytiya cheloveka [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL:http: tomb-raider6.narod.ru/lib/mm/mezhdunarodnyj_den_filosofii_jyne/spirin_a.d._predskazuemost_kak_fu.html (data obrashcheniya: 23.08. 2015).
Porus V. N. Ratsional'nost'. Nauka. Kul'tura. M., 2002. 352 s.
Il'in V. I. Potreblenie kak diskurs. Uchebnoe posobie. Spb.: Intersotsis, 2008. 446 s.
Lektorskiy V. A. Ratsional'nost' kak tsennost' kul'tury [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http: /vphil.ru/index.php?id=527&option=com_content&task=view (data obrashcheniya: 23. 08. 2015).
Obshchestvo, kul'tura, tvorchestvo v kontekste problemy sotsial'noy ratsional'nosti: kollektivnaya monografiya / D. O. Trufanov, T. A. Fen'vesh, P. A. Starikov. – filial NOU VPO «Sankt-Peterburgskiy institut vneshne-ekonomicheskikh svyazey, ekonomiki i prava» v g. Krasnoyarske, 2010. 140 s.
Budenkova V. E. Dinamicheskaya ratsional'nost' v kontekste sovremennoy kul'tury i nauki [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http: 40[1]. pdf-Adobe Reader (data obrashcheniya: 23. 08. 2015).
Rittser Dzh. Sovremennye sotsiologicheskie teorii, 5-e izd. – Spb.: Piter, 2002.
Veber M. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. M.: Progress, 1990. S. 635-809.
Rittser Dzh. Makdonal'dizatsiya-5. Glava 2. Proshloe, nastoyashchee i budushchee makdonal'dizatsii. Ot «zheleznoy kletki» k fabrike fast-fuda i dalee (chast' I) [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL:http: //cyberleninka.ru/article/n/makdonaldizatsiya-5 ( data obrashcheniya: 22.07. 2015).

References (transliteration):
Rittser Dzh. Makdonal'dizatsiya obshchestva 5. M.: Izdatel'skaya i konsaltingovaya gruppa «Praksis», 2011. 592 s.
Spirin A. D. Predskazuemost' kak fundamental'noe ponyatie bytiya cheloveka [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL:http: tomb-raider6.narod.ru/lib/mm/mezhdunarodnyj_den_filosofii_jyne/spirin_a.d._predskazuemost_kak_fu.html (data obrashcheniya: 23.08. 2015).
Porus V. N. Ratsional'nost'. Nauka. Kul'tura. M., 2002. 352 s.
Il'in V. I. Potreblenie kak diskurs. Uchebnoe posobie. Spb.: Intersotsis, 2008. 446 s.
Lektorskiy V. A. Ratsional'nost' kak tsennost' kul'tury [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http: /vphil.ru/index.php?id=527&option=com_content&task=view (data obrashcheniya: 23. 08. 2015).
Obshchestvo, kul'tura, tvorchestvo v kontekste problemy sotsial'noy ratsional'nosti: kollektivnaya monografiya / D. O. Trufanov, T. A. Fen'vesh, P. A. Starikov. – filial NOU VPO «Sankt-Peterburgskiy institut vneshne-ekonomicheskikh svyazey, ekonomiki i prava» v g. Krasnoyarske, 2010. 140 s.
Budenkova V. E. Dinamicheskaya ratsional'nost' v kontekste sovremennoy kul'tury i nauki [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http: 40[1]. pdf-Adobe Reader (data obrashcheniya: 23. 08. 2015).
Rittser Dzh. Sovremennye sotsiologicheskie teorii, 5-e izd. – Spb.: Piter, 2002.
Veber M. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. M.: Progress, 1990. S. 635-809.
Rittser Dzh. Makdonal'dizatsiya-5. Glava 2. Proshloe, nastoyashchee i budushchee makdonal'dizatsii. Ot «zheleznoy kletki» k fabrike fast-fuda i dalee (chast' I) [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL:http: //cyberleninka.ru/article/n/makdonaldizatsiya-5 ( data obrashcheniya: 22.07. 2015).

Abstract: The discourse on overcoming metaphysics is a special philosophical genre that has been popular over the past two centuries. Besides, each time there is a shift in the interpretation of the metaphysical that raises the question about what metaphysics is and whether it exists at all. Badiou makes a supposition that the reasons for the resumption of attempts to overcome metaphysics lie in the fact that metaphysics by definition is the reign of the essentially undetermined. This allows to consider the question of metaphysics from the standpoint of the problem of power. The article focuses on the analysis of the rhetoric on overcoming metaphysics as a philosophical genre and Heidegger’s idea of metaphysics as the will to power which allows to analyze this rhetoric as a struggle for power. The author of the article concludes that it is necessary to distinguish between the forms of critical attitude to metaphysics. Antimetaphysical philosophy (that is aimed at overcoming and rejection of metaphysics) does not only have the metaphysical nature itself but is archi-metaphysics. It struggles with uncertainty and meaninglessness in metaphysics trying to establish a new will to power. Postmetaphysical philosophy does not seek to establish the will to power of a philosophizing subject by replacing the “senselessness” of metaphysics with a particular philosophical “meaning” but transforms the entire field of philosophy in such way that power relations no longer play a significant role.

Keywords: critical philosophy, philosophy of the subject, Heidegger, postmetaphysical philosophy, Badiou, antimetaphysical philosophy, overcoming metaphysics, power, metaphysics, will to power

References:
Bad'yu A. Manifest filosofii. SPb.: Machina, 2003. 184 s.
Derrida Zh. Disseminatsiya. Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoriya, 2007. 608 s.
Derrida Zh. Pozitsii. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2007. 160 s.
Foucault M. L’Ordre du discours. P.: Gallimard, 1971. 88 p.
Bad'yu A. Tela, yazyki, istiny // Skepsis. Nauchno-prosvetitel'skiy zhurnal [elektronnyy resurs]. 8 maya 2008. URL: http://scepsis.net/library/id_1974.html (data obrashcheniya: 30.07.2015).
Badiou A. Being and Event. N.Y., L.: Continuum, 2005. xxxiii, 526 p.
Derrida Zh. Struktura, znak i igra v diskurse gumanitarnykh nauk // Derrida Zh. Pis'mo i razlichie. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2000. S. 445-466.
Habermas J. Postmethaphysical thinking: Philosophical Essays. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992. 241 p.
Nitsshe F. Veselaya nauka // Nitsshe F. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tt. T. 3. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2014. S. 313-596.
Delez Zh., Gvattari F. Chto takoe filosofiya? M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2009. 261 s.
Khabermas Yu. Filosofskiy diskurs o moderne. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Ves' Mir», 2008. 416 s.
Levinas E. Izbrannoe. Total'nost' i beskonechnoe. M.; SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, 2000. 416 s.
Khaydegger M. Nitsshe. V 2-kh tt. T. 2. SPb.: «Vladimir Dal'», 2007. 458 s.
Derrida Zh. Polya filosofii. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2012. 376 s.
Comte A. Physique Sociale. Cours de Philosophie Positive, Leçons 46 à 60. P.: Hermann, 1975. 791 p.
Badiou A. Metaphysics and the Critique of Metaphysics // Pli. 2000. ¹
P. 174-190. 10. Kant I. Prolegomeny ko vsyakoy budushchey metafizike, kotoraya mozhet poyavit'sya kak nauka // Kant I. Sochineniya v 8-mi tt. T. 4. M.: Choro, 1994. S. 5-152.
Derrida Zh. Prizraki Marksa. Gosudarstvo dolga, rabota skorbi i novyy internatsional. M.: Logos-altera, izdatel'stvo «Ecce homo», 2006. 256 s.
Borisov E., Inishev I., Furs V. Prakticheskiy povorot v postmetafizicheskoy filosofii. T. 1. Vil'nyus: EGU, 2008. 212 s.
Benua Zh. Preodoleniya metafiziki // Istoriko-filosofskiy ezhegodnik’2010. M.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2011. S. 205-222.
Malkina S.M. Problema kontsa filosofii: hanto-logicheskie aspekty // Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. 2011. T. 11. Ser.: Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Pedagogika, vyp. 2. S. 52-57.
Mokin B. I. Sovremennaya filosofiya: «zakat» ili razvitie? // Izv. Sarat. un-ta. Novaya ser. 2010. T. 10. Ser. Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Pedagogika, vyp. 2. S. 29−33.
Bogatov M.A. O ritorike krizisa v dele filosofii // Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. 2011. T. 11. Ser.: Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Pedagogika, vyp. 2. S. 46-52.
Kosykhin V.G. Terminologiya razryva: Khaydegger i vopros ob istorichnosti istiny v metafizike // Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye nauki. Tambov, 2008. Vypusk 10(66). S. 130-135.
Gegel' G.V.F. Nauka logiki. SPb.: Nauka, 2002. 800 s.
Delez Zh. Peregovory. 1972 – 1990. SPb.: «Nauka», 2004. 234 s.

References (transliteration):
Bad'yu A. Manifest filosofii. SPb.: Machina, 2003. 184 s.
Derrida Zh. Disseminatsiya. Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoriya, 2007. 608 s.
Derrida Zh. Pozitsii. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2007. 160 s.
Foucault M. L’Ordre du discours. P.: Gallimard, 1971. 88 p.
Bad'yu A. Tela, yazyki, istiny // Skepsis. Nauchno-prosvetitel'skiy zhurnal [elektronnyy resurs]. 8 maya 2008. URL: http://scepsis.net/library/id_1974.html (data obrashcheniya: 30.07.2015).
Badiou A. Being and Event. N.Y., L.: Continuum, 2005. xxxiii, 526 p.
Derrida Zh. Struktura, znak i igra v diskurse gumanitarnykh nauk // Derrida Zh. Pis'mo i razlichie. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2000. S. 445-466.
Habermas J. Postmethaphysical thinking: Philosophical Essays. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992. 241 p.
Nitsshe F. Veselaya nauka // Nitsshe F. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tt. T. 3. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2014. S. 313-596.
Delez Zh., Gvattari F. Chto takoe filosofiya? M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2009. 261 s.
Khabermas Yu. Filosofskiy diskurs o moderne. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Ves' Mir», 2008. 416 s.
Levinas E. Izbrannoe. Total'nost' i beskonechnoe. M.; SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, 2000. 416 s.
Khaydegger M. Nitsshe. V 2-kh tt. T. 2. SPb.: «Vladimir Dal'», 2007. 458 s.
Derrida Zh. Polya filosofii. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2012. 376 s.
Comte A. Physique Sociale. Cours de Philosophie Positive, Leçons 46 à 60. P.: Hermann, 1975. 791 p.
Badiou A. Metaphysics and the Critique of Metaphysics // Pli. 2000. ¹
P. 174-190. 10. Kant I. Prolegomeny ko vsyakoy budushchey metafizike, kotoraya mozhet poyavit'sya kak nauka // Kant I. Sochineniya v 8-mi tt. T. 4. M.: Choro, 1994. S. 5-152.
Derrida Zh. Prizraki Marksa. Gosudarstvo dolga, rabota skorbi i novyy internatsional. M.: Logos-altera, izdatel'stvo «Ecce homo», 2006. 256 s.
Borisov E., Inishev I., Furs V. Prakticheskiy povorot v postmetafizicheskoy filosofii. T. 1. Vil'nyus: EGU, 2008. 212 s.
Benua Zh. Preodoleniya metafiziki // Istoriko-filosofskiy ezhegodnik’2010. M.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2011. S. 205-222.
Malkina S.M. Problema kontsa filosofii: hanto-logicheskie aspekty // Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. 2011. T. 11. Ser.: Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Pedagogika, vyp. 2. S. 52-57.
Mokin B. I. Sovremennaya filosofiya: «zakat» ili razvitie? // Izv. Sarat. un-ta. Novaya ser. 2010. T. 10. Ser. Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Pedagogika, vyp. 2. S. 29−33.
Bogatov M.A. O ritorike krizisa v dele filosofii // Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. 2011. T. 11. Ser.: Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Pedagogika, vyp. 2. S. 46-52.
Kosykhin V.G. Terminologiya razryva: Khaydegger i vopros ob istorichnosti istiny v metafizike // Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye nauki. Tambov, 2008. Vypusk 10(66). S. 130-135.
Gegel' G.V.F. Nauka logiki. SPb.: Nauka, 2002. 800 s.
Delez Zh. Peregovory. 1972 – 1990. SPb.: «Nauka», 2004. 234 s.

Abstract: Post-religious emotionalism is one of the most nettlesome topics today. There have been researches undertaken both to study psychophysiological sources of emotions and to describe contemporary cultural forms of emotions. In his article Goryunov offers to pay ttention to the very beginning of the epoch of Enlightenment when the sensuality raised by religious rituals tried to find a place in the new secular world. Peter Sloterdijk's thoughts on the general cynicism and Jean Baudrillard's observation of the loss of emotionality are interpreted by the researcher as the description of unsuccessful experience of the transfer from clerical sensuality to secular sensuality. As the opposition to these views, the researcher describes the ideas of Epicurus, the ancient philosopher. Goryonov also performs a brief analysis of one of the attempts to avoid the aforesaid problem, i.e. Kant's suggestion to view natural human affects as the substitution for high feelings experienced by religious people during praying or church service. The main idea is to allow strong irrational feelings to be felt and shown. Affects or passions cannot be stopped by the reason. On the contrary, the reason is influenced by them, too, and therefore takes the religious side fast. This is why the researcher suggests that we should replace church rituals with the aesthetic experience of high feelings. In his research Goryunov has applied the methods of the phenomenological analysis, deductive and inductive logic, technology of the historical comparison and hermeneutics. The article presents the researcher's attempt to describe the initial stage of Enlightenment not as the history of ideas but the history of emotions and the rapid transfer from religious sensuality ro secular sensuality based on Kant's affect theory. Conclusions. Firstly, the transfer from the clerical picture of the world to the secular world view involves not only the adoption of new ideas but also a new model of feelings and emotional experience. Secondly,  this is a long and difficult transfer because our emotions are not regulated by our mind so well. Sometimes this creates particular phenomena such as cynicism. Thirdly, the model of emotional adaptation to new post-religious views offered by Kant and based on the concept of emotions typical for those times allows to overcome the cynical 'burnout' of emotions. 

Keywords: world view, philosophy, enlightenment, reason, passion, feeling, emotion, affect, religion, ritual

References:
Frijda Nicholas, Mosquito Batja. The social roles and functions of emotions // Emotions and Culture / Eds. H.R. Markus, S. Kitayama. N.Y., 1994.
Reddy W. The Navigation of Feeling. Cambridge, 2001.
Batay Zhorzh Vnutrenniy opyt. Per. s fr., poslesl. i kom. S.L. Fokina. S-Pb.: Axioma / MIFRIL. 1997.
Bodriyyar Zhan. Prozrachnost' zla. Perevod na russkiy yazyk: L. Lyubarskaya, E. Markovskaya. M.: Dobrosvet, 2000.
Girts K. Interpretatsiya kul'tur / Per. s angl. — M.: « Rossiyskaya Politicheskaya entsiklopediya» (ROSSPEN), 2004.
Gorfunkel' A. Kh. Filosofiya epokhi Vozrozhdeniya. — M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1980.
Zarin. S. Asketizm po pravoslavno-khristianskomu ucheniyu. Etiko-bogoslovskoe issledovanie. 1907 g. SPb. : Tip. V. F. Kirshbauma, 1907.
Zorin Andrey. Ponyatie “literaturnogo perezhivaniya” i konstruktsiya psikhologicheskogo protonarrativa // Istoriya i povestvovanie. M.: NLO, 2006.
Ilarion (Alfeev), mitrop. Dukhovnyy mir prepodobnogo Isaaka Sirina. M.: Izd-vo Krutitskogo patriarshego podvor'ya, 1998.
Kant I. Religiya v predelakh tol'ko razuma /Per. s nem. N.M.Sokolova. – SPb.: Izd. V.I.Yakovenko, 1908.
Kant, Immanuil. Sochineniya v shesti tomakh. M., "Mysl'", 1966.. T. 6.-1966.
Mishel' Fuko. Slova i veshchi. Arkheologiya gumanitarnykh nauk. Per. s fr. V. P. Vizgina, N. S. Avtonomovoy Vstupitel'naya stat'ya N. S. Avtonomovoy, SPb.: A-cad, 1994.
Nikita Stifat, Simeon Novyy Bogoslov, Asketicheskie sochineniya v novykh perevodakh. Izd. Olega Abyshko, S-Pb. 2011.
Smirnov S., prof. Drevnerusskiy dukhovnik: Issledovanie s prilozheniem: Materialy dlya istorii drevnerusskoy pokayannoy distsipliny /-M.: Imp. O-vo istorii i drevnostey ros. pri Mosk. un-te, 1914
Firsov S.L. Apostasiya: "Ateist Aleksandr Osipov" i epokha goneniy na Russkuyu Pravoslavnuyu Tserkov' / Seriya: Russkaya tserkov' v XX stoletii: Dokumenty, vospominaniya, svidetel'stva – M., Derzhava, Satis' – 2004.
Freyd Z. Vvedenie v psikhoanaliz: Lektsii. Perevod G.V.Baryshnikovoy. Lit. red. E.E.Sokolovoy i T.V. Rodionovoy M.: "Nauka", 1989.
Shakhnovich, M. M. Sad Epikura. Filosofiya religii Epikura i epikureyskaya traditsiya v istorii evropeyskoy kul'tury. SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGU, 2002.
Yunger Ernst Rabochiy. Gospodstvo i geshtal't. Izd. "Nauka S-Pb.: 2002.
N. Fisher O budushchem metafiziki
i voprosa o Boge soglasno Immanuilu Kantu
(s ekskursami v kritiku metafiziki
Martina Khaydeggera) (prodolzhenie)
(perevod I.V. Kirsberga) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2013. - 7. - C. 951 - 966. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.7.7585.
Omarova Z.U. Transformatsiya religioznogo soznaniya: sovremennyy aspekt // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. - 2012. - 3. - C. 160 - 183. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_185.html

References (transliteration):
Frijda Nicholas, Mosquito Batja. The social roles and functions of emotions // Emotions and Culture / Eds. H.R. Markus, S. Kitayama. N.Y., 1994.
Reddy W. The Navigation of Feeling. Cambridge, 2001.
Batay Zhorzh Vnutrenniy opyt. Per. s fr., poslesl. i kom. S.L. Fokina. S-Pb.: Axioma / MIFRIL. 1997.
Bodriyyar Zhan. Prozrachnost' zla. Perevod na russkiy yazyk: L. Lyubarskaya, E. Markovskaya. M.: Dobrosvet, 2000.
Girts K. Interpretatsiya kul'tur / Per. s angl. — M.: « Rossiyskaya Politicheskaya entsiklopediya» (ROSSPEN), 2004.
Gorfunkel' A. Kh. Filosofiya epokhi Vozrozhdeniya. — M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1980.
Zarin. S. Asketizm po pravoslavno-khristianskomu ucheniyu. Etiko-bogoslovskoe issledovanie. 1907 g. SPb. : Tip. V. F. Kirshbauma, 1907.
Zorin Andrey. Ponyatie “literaturnogo perezhivaniya” i konstruktsiya psikhologicheskogo protonarrativa // Istoriya i povestvovanie. M.: NLO, 2006.
Ilarion (Alfeev), mitrop. Dukhovnyy mir prepodobnogo Isaaka Sirina. M.: Izd-vo Krutitskogo patriarshego podvor'ya, 1998.
Kant I. Religiya v predelakh tol'ko razuma /Per. s nem. N.M.Sokolova. – SPb.: Izd. V.I.Yakovenko, 1908.
Kant, Immanuil. Sochineniya v shesti tomakh. M., "Mysl'", 1966.. T. 6.-1966.
Mishel' Fuko. Slova i veshchi. Arkheologiya gumanitarnykh nauk. Per. s fr. V. P. Vizgina, N. S. Avtonomovoy Vstupitel'naya stat'ya N. S. Avtonomovoy, SPb.: A-cad, 1994.
Nikita Stifat, Simeon Novyy Bogoslov, Asketicheskie sochineniya v novykh perevodakh. Izd. Olega Abyshko, S-Pb. 2011.
Smirnov S., prof. Drevnerusskiy dukhovnik: Issledovanie s prilozheniem: Materialy dlya istorii drevnerusskoy pokayannoy distsipliny /-M.: Imp. O-vo istorii i drevnostey ros. pri Mosk. un-te, 1914
Firsov S.L. Apostasiya: "Ateist Aleksandr Osipov" i epokha goneniy na Russkuyu Pravoslavnuyu Tserkov' / Seriya: Russkaya tserkov' v XX stoletii: Dokumenty, vospominaniya, svidetel'stva – M., Derzhava, Satis' – 2004.
Freyd Z. Vvedenie v psikhoanaliz: Lektsii. Perevod G.V.Baryshnikovoy. Lit. red. E.E.Sokolovoy i T.V. Rodionovoy M.: "Nauka", 1989.
Shakhnovich, M. M. Sad Epikura. Filosofiya religii Epikura i epikureyskaya traditsiya v istorii evropeyskoy kul'tury. SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGU, 2002.
Yunger Ernst Rabochiy. Gospodstvo i geshtal't. Izd. "Nauka S-Pb.: 2002.
N. Fisher O budushchem metafiziki
i voprosa o Boge soglasno Immanuilu Kantu
(s ekskursami v kritiku metafiziki
Martina Khaydeggera) (prodolzhenie)
(perevod I.V. Kirsberga) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2013. - 7. - C. 951 - 966. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.7.7585.
Omarova Z.U. Transformatsiya religioznogo soznaniya: sovremennyy aspekt // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. - 2012. - 3. - C. 160 - 183. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_185.html

Abstract: The research subject of the present article is the mystical phenomenon in modern philosophy, natural science and theology. Zhirtueva underlines that the interest towards mysticism is a result of the search for the way out of the anthropocentric cultural crisis as well as of a number of findings in the sphere of modern physics and psychology that have made the global academic community to revise their views. The author of the article notes that so far there hasn't been a single-value estimate of the phenomenon of mysticism. The author examines views on mysticism in materialistic and idealistic philosophy, classical and post-classical science, secular and theological religious studies. The research methodology involves a comparative philosophical and theological analysis. The following research methods have been used: comparative-analytical method, analysis and synthesis, inividuation and generalization. The main results of the research include the following solutions of the aforesaid problem. 1. Classical philosophy and science view mysticism as an illusion of consciousness and therefore deprive it of the right to be the theme for a scientific research. 2. Modern non-classical science draws an analogy between the modern scientific picture of the world and the experience of immanent mystical traditions demonstrating that it is possible to combine science and mysticism. 3. Theology approves of the true experience of transcendent immanent (antinomic) mysticism. The author also outlines a distinct differentiation between mystical perception and scientific cognition. 

Keywords: the mystical phenomenon, Absolute, phenomenal world, immanent mysticism, transcendent-immanent mysticism, subject-object relations, egocentric consciousness, enlightened consciousness, quantum physics, holographic universe

References:
Shankara Char'ya. Nezaochnoe postizhenie. // Put' Shivy: (antologiya drevneindiyskikh klassicheskikh tekstov). / [sost. Strel'tsov K.G., Russkikh N.P., per. s sanskrit. Rigin A.]. – K.: B.I., 1994. – S. 157-165.
Talbot M. The Holographic Universe. – London, Harper Collins Publishers, 1996. – 338 pp.
Smirnov A. V. Filosofiya Nikolaya Kuzanskogo i Ibn-Arabi: dva tipa ratsionalizatsii mistitsizma. [Elektronnyy resurs]. // Bog, chelovek, obshchestvo v traditsionnykh kul'turakh Vostoka: stat'i. / A. V. Smirnov. – M.: Nauka, 1993. – Rezhim dostupa: http://rud.exdat.com/docs/index-764513.html
Staal F. Exploring Mysticism: A Methodological Essay. – Berkeley: University Of California Press, 1975. – 220 pp.
Florenskiy P. A. Predislovie k stat'e A. V. El'chaninova «Mistitsizm M. M. Speranskogo». // Florenskiy P. A. Sochineniya. V 4 t. T. 1. / Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskiy.-M.: Mysl', 1994.-S. 687-689.-(Filosofskoe nasledie, tom 122).
Torchinov E. A. Religii mira: opyt zapredel'nogo. Psikhotekhnika i transpersonal'nye sostoyaniya. (1.160 kb). [Elektronnyy resurs]. / Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Torchinov. – SPb.: Tsentr «Peterburgskoe vostokovedenie», 1998.-Biblioteka Fonda sodeystviya razvitiyu psikhicheskoy kul'tury (Kiev).-Rezhim dostupa k biblioteke: http:// psylib.org.ua/books/ torch01/index.htm
Rozenberg O.O. Trudy po buddizmu. / Otton Ottonovich Rozenberg.-M.: Nauka, 1991. – 294,[1] s.-(B-ka otech. vostokovedeniya).
Iz reki recheniy: Vyskazyvaniya sufiyskikh nastavnikov. / [sost. i per. L.Tiraspol'skogo]. – M.: Amrita-Rus', 2004. – 160 s. – («Mudrost' sufiev»).
Kapra F. Dao fiziki. [Elektronnyy resurs]. / Frit'of Kapra. – M.: «ORIS», «YaNA-PRINT», 1994.-Rezhim dostupa k biblioteke: http://royallib.com/book/kapra_fritof/dao_fiziki.html
Klimovich A.G. Religioznyy mistitsizm kak filosofskaya problema: dissertatsiya. [Elektronnyy resurs]. / Anton Gennad'evich Klimovich.-Rezhim dostupa k dissertatsii: http:// atheism.ru/ library/klimovchag_2.phtml
Religii Kitaya: khrestomatiya. / [sost. E.A.Torchinov]. – SPb.; Evraziya, 2001. – 512 s.
Polikarpov V.S. Nauka i mistitsizm v XX veke. / Vitaliy Semenovich Polikarpov. – M: «Mysl'», 1990. – 219,[2] s.
Predko O.². Psikholog³ya rel³g³¿: ³stor³ya, teor³ya, rel³g³ºznavch³ vim³ri: monograf³ya.// Olena ²ll³vna Predko. – K.: Tsentr navchal'no¿ l³teraturi, 2005. – 278 s.
Losskiy Vl. Dogmaticheskoe bogoslovie // Misticheskoe bogoslovie. / V.Losskiy.-K.: «Put' k istine», 1991.-S. 261-335.
Zhirtuºva N. S. Modif³kats³¿ m³stichnogo dosv³du v rel³g³ynikh tradits³yakh sv³tu: monograf³ya. / Natal³ya Serg³¿vna Zhirtuºva. – Kherson : Vidavnitstvo KhDM², 2009. – 327 s.
Grof S. Nadlichnostnoe videnie: Tselitel'nye vozmozhnosti neobychnykh sostoyaniy soznaniya. / Stanislav Grof; [per. s angl. S.Ofertasa]. – M.: OOO «Izd-vo AST» i dr., 2002. – 237, [3] s. – (Philosophy).
Bulgakov S.N. Svet nevecherniy: Sozertsaniya i umozreniya. / Sergey Nikolaevich Bulgakov.-M.: Respublika, 1994.-415 s. – (Mysliteli KhKh veka).
Sv. Grigoriy Palama. Triady v zashchitu svyashchenno-bezmolvstvuyushchikh. / Grigoriy Palama; [per. i kom. V.Veniaminova].-M.: Kanon, 1995.-384 s. – (Istoriya khristianskoy mysli v pamyatnikakh).
Sv. Dionisiy Areopagit. Misticheskoe bogoslovie. Bozhestvennye imena // Misticheskoe bogoslovie.-K.: "Put' k istine", 1991.-S. 3-93.
o. Aleksandr. Lyubov' zemnaya i nebesnaya: bogoslovskie ocherki. / Aleksandr Konik. – M.: Inter-Vesy, 1996. – 112 s.

References (transliteration):
Shankara Char'ya. Nezaochnoe postizhenie. // Put' Shivy: (antologiya drevneindiyskikh klassicheskikh tekstov). / [sost. Strel'tsov K.G., Russkikh N.P., per. s sanskrit. Rigin A.]. – K.: B.I., 1994. – S. 157-165.
Talbot M. The Holographic Universe. – London, Harper Collins Publishers, 1996. – 338 pp.
Smirnov A. V. Filosofiya Nikolaya Kuzanskogo i Ibn-Arabi: dva tipa ratsionalizatsii mistitsizma. [Elektronnyy resurs]. // Bog, chelovek, obshchestvo v traditsionnykh kul'turakh Vostoka: stat'i. / A. V. Smirnov. – M.: Nauka, 1993. – Rezhim dostupa: http://rud.exdat.com/docs/index-764513.html
Staal F. Exploring Mysticism: A Methodological Essay. – Berkeley: University Of California Press, 1975. – 220 pp.
Florenskiy P. A. Predislovie k stat'e A. V. El'chaninova «Mistitsizm M. M. Speranskogo». // Florenskiy P. A. Sochineniya. V 4 t. T. 1. / Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskiy.-M.: Mysl', 1994.-S. 687-689.-(Filosofskoe nasledie, tom 122).
Torchinov E. A. Religii mira: opyt zapredel'nogo. Psikhotekhnika i transpersonal'nye sostoyaniya. (1.160 kb). [Elektronnyy resurs]. / Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Torchinov. – SPb.: Tsentr «Peterburgskoe vostokovedenie», 1998.-Biblioteka Fonda sodeystviya razvitiyu psikhicheskoy kul'tury (Kiev).-Rezhim dostupa k biblioteke: http:// psylib.org.ua/books/ torch01/index.htm
Rozenberg O.O. Trudy po buddizmu. / Otton Ottonovich Rozenberg.-M.: Nauka, 1991. – 294,[1] s.-(B-ka otech. vostokovedeniya).
Iz reki recheniy: Vyskazyvaniya sufiyskikh nastavnikov. / [sost. i per. L.Tiraspol'skogo]. – M.: Amrita-Rus', 2004. – 160 s. – («Mudrost' sufiev»).
Kapra F. Dao fiziki. [Elektronnyy resurs]. / Frit'of Kapra. – M.: «ORIS», «YaNA-PRINT», 1994.-Rezhim dostupa k biblioteke: http://royallib.com/book/kapra_fritof/dao_fiziki.html
Klimovich A.G. Religioznyy mistitsizm kak filosofskaya problema: dissertatsiya. [Elektronnyy resurs]. / Anton Gennad'evich Klimovich.-Rezhim dostupa k dissertatsii: http:// atheism.ru/ library/klimovchag_2.phtml
Religii Kitaya: khrestomatiya. / [sost. E.A.Torchinov]. – SPb.; Evraziya, 2001. – 512 s.
Polikarpov V.S. Nauka i mistitsizm v XX veke. / Vitaliy Semenovich Polikarpov. – M: «Mysl'», 1990. – 219,[2] s.
Predko O.². Psikholog³ya rel³g³¿: ³stor³ya, teor³ya, rel³g³ºznavch³ vim³ri: monograf³ya.// Olena ²ll³vna Predko. – K.: Tsentr navchal'no¿ l³teraturi, 2005. – 278 s.
Losskiy Vl. Dogmaticheskoe bogoslovie // Misticheskoe bogoslovie. / V.Losskiy.-K.: «Put' k istine», 1991.-S. 261-335.
Zhirtuºva N. S. Modif³kats³¿ m³stichnogo dosv³du v rel³g³ynikh tradits³yakh sv³tu: monograf³ya. / Natal³ya Serg³¿vna Zhirtuºva. – Kherson : Vidavnitstvo KhDM², 2009. – 327 s.
Grof S. Nadlichnostnoe videnie: Tselitel'nye vozmozhnosti neobychnykh sostoyaniy soznaniya. / Stanislav Grof; [per. s angl. S.Ofertasa]. – M.: OOO «Izd-vo AST» i dr., 2002. – 237, [3] s. – (Philosophy).
Bulgakov S.N. Svet nevecherniy: Sozertsaniya i umozreniya. / Sergey Nikolaevich Bulgakov.-M.: Respublika, 1994.-415 s. – (Mysliteli KhKh veka).
Sv. Grigoriy Palama. Triady v zashchitu svyashchenno-bezmolvstvuyushchikh. / Grigoriy Palama; [per. i kom. V.Veniaminova].-M.: Kanon, 1995.-384 s. – (Istoriya khristianskoy mysli v pamyatnikakh).
Sv. Dionisiy Areopagit. Misticheskoe bogoslovie. Bozhestvennye imena // Misticheskoe bogoslovie.-K.: "Put' k istine", 1991.-S. 3-93.
o. Aleksandr. Lyubov' zemnaya i nebesnaya: bogoslovskie ocherki. / Aleksandr Konik. – M.: Inter-Vesy, 1996. – 112 s.

Abstract: The purpose of the present research is to better understand the reasons of the ongoing shifts in the relations between society, audience and theatre. The author of the article focuses on the development of the theatrical language and renewal of theatrical notions. Issues related to the transformation of the theatrical language (as the part of culture) grow especially important at the turning points of history when the picture of the world is changed not gradually but as an explosion. Using the method of the comparative analysis, the author of the article studies how Konstantin Stanislavksy system which was created the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries has been developing further throughout the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. In particular, the author analyzes the practical experience of the Perm Academic Theatre of Drama. The author had a chance not only to visit many theatres of the former USSR but also attend rehearsals of Georgy Tovstonogov, Anatoly Efros, Mark Zakharov, Yuri Lyubimov and Pyotr Fomenko. The author has been observing the creative performances of the Perm Theatre for several decades. She recorded rehearsals, kept the track of changes in performances and studied the audience’s perception. Reconsideration of theatrical concepts is not simply a change of a director’s conceptual framework, but spontaneous response of an artist to the particular circumstances and changes in natural science and philosophy. The performance does not only gain a new form but also present a new view of life. The article will be of interest to art critics, culture experts, theatrical figures and the audience as well as everyone who are interested in the theatre and the relation between the theatre and society.

Keywords: theatrical language, directing, rehearsals, ‘new rationality’, view of life, resource for development, turning points of the history, audience’s perception, artist’s response, artistic displays.

Contact information: Ivinskikh Galina Pavlovna, 614000, Russia, Perm Region, Perm, str. Gazeti ‘Zvezda’ 18.

References:
Yurkevich P. D. Filosofskie proizvedeniya. M., 1990. S. 358.
Fromm E. Psikhoanaliz i etika. M., 1993.
Frankl V. V poiskakh smysla. M., 1990.
Stanislavskiy K. S. Sobr. soch.: V 8 t. M., 1954-1961.
Tynyanov Yu. N. Pushkin i ego sovremenniki. M., 1969.
Mudragey N. S. Ratsional'noe i irratsional'noe. M., 1985.
Nemirovich-Danchenko V. I. Rozhdenie teatra. M., 1989.
Kul'turno-istoricheskiy protsess i problemy ratsional'nosti. Kiev, 1985.
Kasavin I. T., Sokuler Z. A. Ratsional'nost' v poznanii i praktike. M., 1989.
Kapra F. Dao fiziki: issledovanie paralleley mezhdu sovremennoy fizikoy i mistitsizmom Vostoka. SPb., 1994.
Ivinskikh G. P. Zhizn' v zerkale stseny. Perm', 2002.
Dzhindzhikhashvili N. Ya. K voprosu o psikhologicheskoy neobkhodimosti iskusstva // Priroda. Funktsii. Metody issledovaniya: V 4 t. T. 2. Tbilisi, 1978.
Zakhava B. E. Masterstvo aktera i rezhissera. M., 1973.
Anokhin L. K. Izbrannye trudy. Filosofskie aspekty teorii funktsional'nykh sistem. M., 1978.
Aristotel'. Poetika // Aristotel' i antichnaya literatura. M., 1978.
Hübner K. Die Wahrheit des Mythos. München, 1985.
Newton-Smith W. H. The rationality of science. Boston, 1981
Rationality in science and politics. Dortrechtets, 1984. 19 Schnädelbach H. Rationalität. Frankfurt a M., 1984. 20. Zur Kritik der wissenschattlichen Rationalität. Freiburg – München, 1986.

References (transliteration):
Yurkevich P. D. Filosofskie proizvedeniya. M., 1990. S. 358.
Fromm E. Psikhoanaliz i etika. M., 1993.
Frankl V. V poiskakh smysla. M., 1990.
Stanislavskiy K. S. Sobr. soch.: V 8 t. M., 1954-1961.
Tynyanov Yu. N. Pushkin i ego sovremenniki. M., 1969.
Mudragey N. S. Ratsional'noe i irratsional'noe. M., 1985.
Nemirovich-Danchenko V. I. Rozhdenie teatra. M., 1989.
Kul'turno-istoricheskiy protsess i problemy ratsional'nosti. Kiev, 1985.
Kasavin I. T., Sokuler Z. A. Ratsional'nost' v poznanii i praktike. M., 1989.
Kapra F. Dao fiziki: issledovanie paralleley mezhdu sovremennoy fizikoy i mistitsizmom Vostoka. SPb., 1994.
Ivinskikh G. P. Zhizn' v zerkale stseny. Perm', 2002.
Dzhindzhikhashvili N. Ya. K voprosu o psikhologicheskoy neobkhodimosti iskusstva // Priroda. Funktsii. Metody issledovaniya: V 4 t. T. 2. Tbilisi, 1978.
Zakhava B. E. Masterstvo aktera i rezhissera. M., 1973.
Anokhin L. K. Izbrannye trudy. Filosofskie aspekty teorii funktsional'nykh sistem. M., 1978.
Aristotel'. Poetika // Aristotel' i antichnaya literatura. M., 1978.
Hübner K. Die Wahrheit des Mythos. München, 1985.
Newton-Smith W. H. The rationality of science. Boston, 1981
Rationality in science and politics. Dortrechtets, 1984. 19 Schnädelbach H. Rationalität. Frankfurt a M., 1984. 20. Zur Kritik der wissenschattlichen Rationalität. Freiburg – München, 1986.

Abstract: Under the influence of scientific theories and philosophical teachings on the music writing practice of the 20th century the so-called stochastic music was created (from the Greek στοχασμός which means ‘guess’) when the music was composed using mathematical probability systems (statistical distribution of music parameters, elements and etc.). Stochastic music was mostly developed during the period of prosperity of aleatory music, which a composing principle that allows the process of music creation and performance to be influenced by chance. Like no other composing method of the previous century, stochastic composing method had serious philosophical grounds that made artists to rethink their creative experience and offer a totally new creative paradigm which had never been in art before. As Iannis Xenakis, Lejaren Hiller, Karlheinz Stockhausen and other adepts of stochastic music believed, that music writing tecnique reflected the basic principles of universal development which composers tried to follow in their music. Composers addressed to stochastic music to find a new mean of music expression that would correspond to their internal world views being formed under the influence and philosophy oft he 20th century.

Keywords: music, science, philosophy, stochastics, aleatory music, chance, composition, music writing technique, composing method, composition.

Contact information: Pereverzeva Marina Viktorovna, 125009, Russia, Moscow, st. Bolshaya Nikitskaya, h. 13/6.

References:
Sokolov A. Muzykal'naya kompozitsiya KhKh veka: dialektika tvorchestva. Issledovanie. Izd. 2-e. – M.: Izdatel'skiy dom «Kompozitor», 2007. – 272 s.
Kholopov Yu., Kirillina L., Kyuregyan T., Lyzhov G., Pospelova R., Tsenova V. Muzykal'no-teoreticheskie sistemy: Uchebnik dlya istoriko-teoreticheskikh i kompozitorskikh fakul'tetov muzykal'nykh vuzov. – M.: Izdatel'skiy dom «Kompozitor», 2006. – 632 s.
Tsimmerman B. A. Interval i vremya / Per. i komment. A. Safronova // Kompozitory o sovremennoy kompozitsii: Khrestomatiya / Red.-sost. T. S. Kyuregyan, V. S. Tsenova. M.: Nauchno-izdatel'skiy tsentr «Moskovskaya konservatoriya», 2009. – S. 92–96.
Bois M. Iannis Xenakis: The Man and his Music. – London: Boosy and Hawkes Music Publishers Limited, 1967. – 40 r.
Hiller L. A., Baker R. A. Computer Cantata: A Study in Compositional Method // Perspectives of New Music. – 1964. – ¹ 3(1). – P. 62–90.
Hiller L. A., Isaacson L. M. Experimental Music. – New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1959. – 197 p.
Stockhausen. Conversations with the composer / ed. by Jonathan Cott. – New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973. – 252 p.
Xenakis I. The Origins of Stochastic Music // Tempo. – 1966. – ¹ 78. – P. 9–12.
Xenakis I. Ad libitum // The World of Music. – 1967. – ¹ 9(1). – R. 17–19.
Xenakis I. Formalized Music. Thought and Mathematics in Composition. – Bloomington: Pendragon Press, 1992. – 387 r.

References (transliteration):
Sokolov A. Muzykal'naya kompozitsiya KhKh veka: dialektika tvorchestva. Issledovanie. Izd. 2-e. – M.: Izdatel'skiy dom «Kompozitor», 2007. – 272 s.
Kholopov Yu., Kirillina L., Kyuregyan T., Lyzhov G., Pospelova R., Tsenova V. Muzykal'no-teoreticheskie sistemy: Uchebnik dlya istoriko-teoreticheskikh i kompozitorskikh fakul'tetov muzykal'nykh vuzov. – M.: Izdatel'skiy dom «Kompozitor», 2006. – 632 s.
Tsimmerman B. A. Interval i vremya / Per. i komment. A. Safronova // Kompozitory o sovremennoy kompozitsii: Khrestomatiya / Red.-sost. T. S. Kyuregyan, V. S. Tsenova. M.: Nauchno-izdatel'skiy tsentr «Moskovskaya konservatoriya», 2009. – S. 92–96.
Bois M. Iannis Xenakis: The Man and his Music. – London: Boosy and Hawkes Music Publishers Limited, 1967. – 40 r.
Hiller L. A., Baker R. A. Computer Cantata: A Study in Compositional Method // Perspectives of New Music. – 1964. – ¹ 3(1). – P. 62–90.
Hiller L. A., Isaacson L. M. Experimental Music. – New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1959. – 197 p.
Stockhausen. Conversations with the composer / ed. by Jonathan Cott. – New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973. – 252 p.
Xenakis I. The Origins of Stochastic Music // Tempo. – 1966. – ¹ 78. – P. 9–12.
Xenakis I. Ad libitum // The World of Music. – 1967. – ¹ 9(1). – R. 17–19.
Xenakis I. Formalized Music. Thought and Mathematics in Composition. – Bloomington: Pendragon Press, 1992. – 387 r.

Abstract: Spinoza is thought to be the most consistent representative of philosophical rationalism. However, it does not mean that Spinoza always followed the rationalistic ideal in his philosophy. The article studies the relation of basic theoretic concepts in Spinoza’s philosophy to empiric interpretation of the rationalism in thinking. For this purpose, the author of the article views the empiric meaning of these concepts adopted by Spinoza from traditional theoretic philosophy and thought over in accordance with his own system of philosophy. On one hand, the study showed uncertainty or insufficient consistence of Spinoza’s rationality lying in the basis of these concepts. On the other hand, it has been proved that within the framework of Spinoza’s philosophy, those concepts admitted theoretical empiric interpretations.

Keywords: philosophy, empiric, meaning, rational, infinity, substance, scholastic, speculative, ontological, existence.

Contact information: Shadur Ilya Markovich, 125009, Russia, Moscow, ul. Bolshaya Nikitskaya 13/6.

References:
1. Aristotel'. Sochineniya: v 4 t. M.: Mysl', 1975. T. 1.
2. Gaydenko P.P. Istoriya novoevropeyskoy filosofii v ee svyazi s naukoy. M., 2009.
3. Gaydenko P.P. Substantsiya // Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya. M.: Mysl', 2010.
4. Geru M. Spor ob atribute // Logos. 2007. ¹ 2. (URL: http://www.ruthenia.ru/logos/).
5. Dekart R. Sochineniya: v 2 t. M.: Mysl', 1989. T. 2.
6. Karmin A.S. Poznanie beskonechnogo. M.: Mysl', 1981.
7. Koplston F. Istoriya filosofii. Srednie veka. M.: ZAO Tsentrpoligraf, 2003.
8. Spinoza B. Izbrannye proizvedeniya: v 2 t. M., 1957.
9. Shadur I.M. Ob empiricheskom istolkovanii ratsionalistichnosti myshleniya [Elektronnyy resurs] //
Filosofskie issledovaniya. 2012. ¹ 4. (URL: http://e-notabene.ru/fr/contents_2012_4.html).

References (transliteration):
1. Aristotel'. Sochineniya: v 4 t. M.: Mysl', 1975. T. 1.
2. Gaydenko P.P. Istoriya novoevropeyskoy filosofii v ee svyazi s naukoy. M., 2009.
3. Gaydenko P.P. Substantsiya // Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya. M.: Mysl', 2010.
4. Geru M. Spor ob atribute // Logos. 2007. ¹ 2. (URL: http://www.ruthenia.ru/logos/).
5. Dekart R. Sochineniya: v 2 t. M.: Mysl', 1989. T. 2.
6. Karmin A.S. Poznanie beskonechnogo. M.: Mysl', 1981.
7. Koplston F. Istoriya filosofii. Srednie veka. M.: ZAO Tsentrpoligraf, 2003.
8. Spinoza B. Izbrannye proizvedeniya: v 2 t. M., 1957.
9. Shadur I.M. Ob empiricheskom istolkovanii ratsionalistichnosti myshleniya [Elektronnyy resurs] //
Filosofskie issledovaniya. 2012. ¹ 4. (URL: http://e-notabene.ru/fr/contents_2012_4.html).

Abstract: The author of the article describes a complex dynamic structure of a creative situation and shows the relation between creative situation and learning situation. Based on a philosophical approach and the theory of complex systems and phenomenological approach, the author also offers a new description of an insight, an important element in creating and learning activities. The author describes a pre-insight state of mind and its role in the creative process. The author also shows that a creative situation includes not only an individual mind but also his social environment. More than that, existential views influence the individual and social context, too. The role of a creative situation and creation of something new are being analyzed based on the definitions of chaos and self-organization.

Keywords: philosophy, creativity, knowledge, complexity, situation, insight, chaos, work, definition, meaning.

Contact information: Morkina Yulia Sergeevna, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka 14/1, str. 5, komn 509.

References:
1. Bendzhamen L. Uorf. Nauka i yazykoznanie // Yazyki kak obraz mira. M.-SPb, 2003. 568 s.
2. Gaydenko P.P. Ekzistentsializm // Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya. T. 4 . M., 2010. S. 420.
3. Delaland N. Abvgd i t.d. / Nadya Delaland. M.: OGI, 2007. S. 13.
4. Delez Zh., Gvattari F. Chto takoe filosofiya? M., 2009. 261 s.
5. Kasavin I.T. Migratsiya. Kreativnost'. Tekst. Problemy neklassicheskoy teorii poznaniya. SPb:
RKhGI, 1998.
6. Kasavin I.T. Ponyatie znaniya v sotsial'noy gnoseologii // Poznanie v sotsial'nom kontekste. M.,
1994. S. 35.
7. Knyazeva E.N. Avtopoezis mysli // Vestnik TGPU. 2008. Vypusk 1 (75). S. 47.
8. Knyazeva E.N. Tvorcheskoe myshlenie: naturalisticheskoe videnie // Tvorchestvo: epistemologicheskiy
analiz. M., IF RAN, 2011. S. 16.
9. Knyazeva E.N. Epistemologicheskiy konstruktivizm // Filosofiya nauki. Vyp. 12: Fenomen soznaniya.
M.: IF RAN, 2006. S. 136.
10. Kultashev N.B., Koldunova E.N. «Territorial'noe soznanie» kak mezhdistsiplinarnaya problema //
Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskaya geografiya: istoriya, teoriya, metody, praktika. Sbornik nauchnykh statey.
Smolensk, 2011. S. 228.
11. Migunov A.S. Marginal'noe iskusstvo v poiskakh rodovoy identichnosti cheloveka // Naivnoe is-
kusstvo i tvorchestvo autsayderov v XXI veke: istoriya, praktika, perspektivy. Materialy nauchnoy
konferentsii. M., 2007-2008. S. 8.
12. Mikhaylov I.A. Situatsiya // Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya. T. 3. M., 2010. S. 561.
13. Shyuts A. Izbrannoe: mir, svetyashchiysya smyslom / Sostavlenie, filos. perevod, obshchee i nauchnoe
redaktirovanie, posleslovie N.M. Smirnovoy. M.: Rosspen, 2004. S. 611.
14. Shyuts A. Formirovanie ponyatiya i teorii v obshchestvennykh naukakh // Amerikanskaya sotsiologicheskaya
mysl'. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1994. S. 485.
15. Uorf B.L. Otnoshenie norm povedeniya i myshleniya k yazyku // Yazyki kak obraz mira. M.-SPb, 2003.
16. Yung K.-G. Podkhod k bessoznatel'nomu // Arkhetip i simvol. M.: Renessans, 1991. S. 65-66.
17. Yaspers K. Strindberg i Van Gog. SPb, 1999.

References (transliteration):
1. Bendzhamen L. Uorf. Nauka i yazykoznanie // Yazyki kak obraz mira. M.-SPb, 2003. 568 s.
2. Gaydenko P.P. Ekzistentsializm // Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya. T. 4 . M., 2010. S. 420.
3. Delaland N. Abvgd i t.d. / Nadya Delaland. M.: OGI, 2007. S. 13.
4. Delez Zh., Gvattari F. Chto takoe filosofiya? M., 2009. 261 s.
5. Kasavin I.T. Migratsiya. Kreativnost'. Tekst. Problemy neklassicheskoy teorii poznaniya. SPb:
RKhGI, 1998.
6. Kasavin I.T. Ponyatie znaniya v sotsial'noy gnoseologii // Poznanie v sotsial'nom kontekste. M.,
1994. S. 35.
7. Knyazeva E.N. Avtopoezis mysli // Vestnik TGPU. 2008. Vypusk 1 (75). S. 47.
8. Knyazeva E.N. Tvorcheskoe myshlenie: naturalisticheskoe videnie // Tvorchestvo: epistemologicheskiy
analiz. M., IF RAN, 2011. S. 16.
9. Knyazeva E.N. Epistemologicheskiy konstruktivizm // Filosofiya nauki. Vyp. 12: Fenomen soznaniya.
M.: IF RAN, 2006. S. 136.
10. Kultashev N.B., Koldunova E.N. «Territorial'noe soznanie» kak mezhdistsiplinarnaya problema //
Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskaya geografiya: istoriya, teoriya, metody, praktika. Sbornik nauchnykh statey.
Smolensk, 2011. S. 228.
11. Migunov A.S. Marginal'noe iskusstvo v poiskakh rodovoy identichnosti cheloveka // Naivnoe is-
kusstvo i tvorchestvo autsayderov v XXI veke: istoriya, praktika, perspektivy. Materialy nauchnoy
konferentsii. M., 2007-2008. S. 8.
12. Mikhaylov I.A. Situatsiya // Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya. T. 3. M., 2010. S. 561.
13. Shyuts A. Izbrannoe: mir, svetyashchiysya smyslom / Sostavlenie, filos. perevod, obshchee i nauchnoe
redaktirovanie, posleslovie N.M. Smirnovoy. M.: Rosspen, 2004. S. 611.
14. Shyuts A. Formirovanie ponyatiya i teorii v obshchestvennykh naukakh // Amerikanskaya sotsiologicheskaya
mysl'. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1994. S. 485.
15. Uorf B.L. Otnoshenie norm povedeniya i myshleniya k yazyku // Yazyki kak obraz mira. M.-SPb, 2003.
16. Yung K.-G. Podkhod k bessoznatel'nomu // Arkhetip i simvol. M.: Renessans, 1991. S. 65-66.
17. Yaspers K. Strindberg i Van Gog. SPb, 1999.