Reference:
Safonov, A. L..
Nation and Ethnos as Essentially Different
Social and Historical Phenomena:
From Early States to Globalization
// Philosophy and Culture. – 2014. – ¹ 10.
– P. 1432-1440.
DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2014.10.12930.
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DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2014.10.12930
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Abstract: The author develops and substantiates the concept of the co-existence of nations and ethnoses in the
course of historical process. The author views nation and ethnos as essentially different social phenomena that have their peculiar genesis, socio-dynamic development and ontological grounds. According to the author, ontological
differences between nation and ethnos are not always clearly seen based on the materials of the previous
two or three centuries of the European history. These differences are much better seen based on the examples
of the development of early political communities of the Ancient times and Classical Antiquity. According to
the author, the periods of the rise and decline of a state institution has been evidently accompanied with the
periodic (cyclic) actualization and de-actualization of ethnoses and ethnic identities. The periods of the progressive
development and rise of political communities (state institutions and civilizations) have been accompanied
with the cyclic weakening of ethnic groups and ethnic identity. The author offers the terms ‘early nation’ and
‘proto-nation’ to describe early political communities. The methodological base of the present research is the
comparative social and philosophical analysis of the main theories and concepts of socio-genesis combined with
the comparative study of the early forms of state institutions and social communities of the political genesis
that were created by particular forms of state institutions and were different from the initial ethnic substrate.
The fact that the early states had a developed system of evident class, estate and cast groups which genesis and
reproduction were directly related to the state and governmental institutions allows to make an assumption
that the early states also had a system-forming social community which genesis was also related to the political
sphere. According to the author, these communities called ‘early nation’ or ‘proto-nation’ were created when
the common social space of a traditional community was split and elites of warriors and hierophants became
independent and led to the formation of political institutions. Early political communities started to differentiate
from the early ethnos as a result of objective differentiation of different spheres of human existence. Early
political communities that appeared as a result of the formation of the first urban localities as political, cultural
and trading centers demonstrated a more obvious difference from the initial ethnic substrate that existed in
the form of a traditional rural community. This proves the author’s hypothesis according to which national and
ethnos are long-coexisting but at the same time esse ntially different social phenomena that have their peculiar
genesis, socio-dynamic development and ontological grounds.
Keywords: ethnos, nation, early nation, proto-nation, socio-genesis, globalization, primordialism, constructivism, ethnocultural fragmentation, state institution.
Contact information: Safonov Andrey Leonidovich, 115280, Russia, Moscow, Avtozavodskaya str. 16.
References:
Safonov A.L. Natsiya i etnos, kak sushchnostno razlichnye sotsial'nye fenomeny: novaya paradigma sotsiogeneza // Filosofiya i kul'tura. — 2014.-¹ 7.-S.1006-1012. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2014.7.12208
Safonov A.L., Orlov A.D. Etnos i natsiya kak sub'ekty globalizatsii.//Sotsial'no-gumanitarnye znaniya ¹ 4, 2011, S 218-232, M., 2011
Safonov A.L. Globalizatsiya kak regress: ot natsional'nogo gosudarstva k etnosu?-Innovatsii v ekonomike, proektnom menedzhmente, obrazovanii, yurisprudentsii, sotsiologii, meditsine, ekologii, filosofii, psikhologii, fizike, tekhnike i matematike: sbornik statey po itogam Mezhdunarodnoy zaochnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii 29-30 aprelya 2013 goda, g. Sankt-Peterburg.-SPb.: Izd-vo «Kul'tInformPress», 2013 – S. 207-212
Orlov A.D., Safonov A.L. Krizis natsional'nogo gosudarstva: globalizatsiya i nasledie «osevogo vremeni»// Vserossiyskaya nauchnaya konferentsiya «Nravstvennoe gosudarstvo kak imperativ gosudarstvennoy evolyutsii» Otdelenie obshchestvennykh nauk RAN. Institut gosudarstva i prava RAN, Institut nauchnoy informatsii po obshchestvennym naukam RAN, Tsentr problemnogo analiza i gosudarstvenno-upravlencheskogo proektirovaniya. Sektsiya «Aktual'nye problemy evolyutsii sovremennogo gosudarstva. – Moskva, 2011.-S. 25.
Orlov A.D. Identichnost' v usloviyakh globalizatsii: sotsial'no-gruppovoy podkhod-Innovatsii v ekonomike, proektnom menedzhmente, obrazovanii, yurisprudentsii, sotsiologii, meditsine, ekologii, filosofii, psikhologii, fizike, tekhnike i matematike: sbornik statey po itogam Mezhdunarodnoy zaochnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii 29-30 aprelya 2013 goda, g. Sankt-Peterburg.-SPb.: Izd-vo «Kul'tInformPress», 2013 – S. 188-193
Safonov A.L. Osevoe Vremya-2: vozvrashchenie k istokam ili pogruzhenie vo t'mu? // Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Vyp. 14 (Filosofiya, sotsiologiya, politologiya, kul'turologiya). – Ulan-Ude, 2012, S.34-42.
Safonov A.L. Natsional'noe i etnicheskoe: fenomen odnovremennogo uchastiya //Mezhnatsional'nye i mezhkonfessional'nye otnosheniya v usloviyakh globalizatsii: sb. nauchnykh trudov v 2 ch. Ch.1/ nauch. red. D.Sh. Tsyrendorzhievoy. – Ulan-Ude: Izd-vo Buryatskogo gosuniversiteta. 2012, S 13-16
Orlov A.D. Safonov A.L. Sotsial'naya priroda etnicheskoy i natsional'noy identichnosti v kontekste globalizatsii // Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Vyp. 6 (Filosofiya, sotsiologiya, politologiya, kul'turologiya). – Ulan-Ude, 2013, S.5-9.
Safonov A.L. Natsiya i etnos v kotle globalizatsii – Sotsial'no-gumanitarnye znaniya, ¹1, 2013,S 273-289, Moskva,2013
Safonov A.L. Atributy globalizatsii – Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Vyp. 14a (Filosofiya, sotsiologiya, politologiya, kul'turologiya). – Ulan-Ude, 2012, S.32-39
M. B. Bekbosynov Etnopoliticheskie problemy
razvitiya rossiyskogo federalizma // Politika i Obshchestvo. - 2011. - 12. - C. 102 - 108.
References (transliteration):
Safonov A.L. Natsiya i etnos, kak sushchnostno razlichnye sotsial'nye fenomeny: novaya paradigma sotsiogeneza // Filosofiya i kul'tura. — 2014.-¹ 7.-S.1006-1012. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2014.7.12208
Safonov A.L., Orlov A.D. Etnos i natsiya kak sub'ekty globalizatsii.//Sotsial'no-gumanitarnye znaniya ¹ 4, 2011, S 218-232, M., 2011
Safonov A.L. Globalizatsiya kak regress: ot natsional'nogo gosudarstva k etnosu?-Innovatsii v ekonomike, proektnom menedzhmente, obrazovanii, yurisprudentsii, sotsiologii, meditsine, ekologii, filosofii, psikhologii, fizike, tekhnike i matematike: sbornik statey po itogam Mezhdunarodnoy zaochnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii 29-30 aprelya 2013 goda, g. Sankt-Peterburg.-SPb.: Izd-vo «Kul'tInformPress», 2013 – S. 207-212
Orlov A.D., Safonov A.L. Krizis natsional'nogo gosudarstva: globalizatsiya i nasledie «osevogo vremeni»// Vserossiyskaya nauchnaya konferentsiya «Nravstvennoe gosudarstvo kak imperativ gosudarstvennoy evolyutsii» Otdelenie obshchestvennykh nauk RAN. Institut gosudarstva i prava RAN, Institut nauchnoy informatsii po obshchestvennym naukam RAN, Tsentr problemnogo analiza i gosudarstvenno-upravlencheskogo proektirovaniya. Sektsiya «Aktual'nye problemy evolyutsii sovremennogo gosudarstva. – Moskva, 2011.-S. 25.
Orlov A.D. Identichnost' v usloviyakh globalizatsii: sotsial'no-gruppovoy podkhod-Innovatsii v ekonomike, proektnom menedzhmente, obrazovanii, yurisprudentsii, sotsiologii, meditsine, ekologii, filosofii, psikhologii, fizike, tekhnike i matematike: sbornik statey po itogam Mezhdunarodnoy zaochnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii 29-30 aprelya 2013 goda, g. Sankt-Peterburg.-SPb.: Izd-vo «Kul'tInformPress», 2013 – S. 188-193
Safonov A.L. Osevoe Vremya-2: vozvrashchenie k istokam ili pogruzhenie vo t'mu? // Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Vyp. 14 (Filosofiya, sotsiologiya, politologiya, kul'turologiya). – Ulan-Ude, 2012, S.34-42.
Safonov A.L. Natsional'noe i etnicheskoe: fenomen odnovremennogo uchastiya //Mezhnatsional'nye i mezhkonfessional'nye otnosheniya v usloviyakh globalizatsii: sb. nauchnykh trudov v 2 ch. Ch.1/ nauch. red. D.Sh. Tsyrendorzhievoy. – Ulan-Ude: Izd-vo Buryatskogo gosuniversiteta. 2012, S 13-16
Orlov A.D. Safonov A.L. Sotsial'naya priroda etnicheskoy i natsional'noy identichnosti v kontekste globalizatsii // Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Vyp. 6 (Filosofiya, sotsiologiya, politologiya, kul'turologiya). – Ulan-Ude, 2013, S.5-9.
Safonov A.L. Natsiya i etnos v kotle globalizatsii – Sotsial'no-gumanitarnye znaniya, ¹1, 2013,S 273-289, Moskva,2013
Safonov A.L. Atributy globalizatsii – Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Vyp. 14a (Filosofiya, sotsiologiya, politologiya, kul'turologiya). – Ulan-Ude, 2012, S.32-39
M. B. Bekbosynov Etnopoliticheskie problemy
razvitiya rossiyskogo federalizma // Politika i Obshchestvo. - 2011. - 12. - C. 102 - 108.