Abstract: One of the main problems of post-modernism is environmental crises. This global disaster has many factors. Before emperical and biological crises there have been crises of knowledge. Meanwhile, it is very important and necessary to take into account the role of opinions and philosophical schools in the manifestation of these crises and their philosophical solution. According to the authors, Francis Bacon's views and philosophical ideas are ones of the main factors of understanding environmental crises. On the other hand, views and philosophical views of Mulla Sadra have a high potential of solving these crises. The purpose of the present research is to explain the role of cognitive grounds in the following three spheres, scientific methodology, anthropology and epistemology of environmental crises and their philosophical solutions. Based on the authors, in order to overcome environmental crises caused by unbalanced relations between human and nature, it is necessary to perform a revolution in the three fields, methodology, anthropology and world view, so that such a revolution leads to the reconstructionof these three fields in accordance with what transcendent philosophy has to offer. From the point of view of such transcendent conceptualization, all three concepts - methodology, human and nature - are sacral. Nature is the relic, human is the connecting link between the world of dictation and the world of creation and a defender and keeper of the relic, and science and scientific methodology are the sacral instrument and a connecting link between nature and human. Only in this case nature and human interact and science with scientific methodology appear to be a sacred instrument of the healer of nature but not a sword of a crazy man. 

Keywords: environmental, Francis Bacon, Mulla Sadra, crisis, environment, philosophy, understanding, knowledge, being, existence, truth, nature

References:
Cherch R.V. Bekon.-London: Meri Avgusta Skot, 1974.-252s.
Uoles Karl R. Frensis Bekon o sushchnosti cheloveka.-London: Izdatel'stvo oksfordskogo universiteta, 1951.-400s.
Folike P. Obshchaya filosofiya ili metafizika. Makhdavi, per.-Tegeran,1968
Rassel B. Istoriya Filosofii. Nadzhaf Daryabandari, per.-Tegeran: Parvaz, 2004.-T.2.-858s.
Mulla Sadra Tayny znameniy; ispravleniya Mokhammad Ali Dzhavedan; vstuplenie professora Seyeda Mokhammada Khamenei; pod red. Mokhammadi.-Tegeran: Fond islamskoy mudrosti Sadra,2009.-480s.
Mulla Sadra Chetyre stranstviya; ispravleniya, issledovanie i vstuplenie Mokhammadi; pod rukovodstvom Seyeda Mokhammada Khamenei.-Tegeran: Fond islamskoy mudrosti Sadra ,2001.-T.2.-610s.
Koran
Lavlok D. Geya: novyy vzglyad na zhizn' na Zemle.-London: Izdatel'stvo oksfordskogo universiteta,1979.-356s.
Mulla Sadra Al'-Mabda va-l'-ma’ad; ispravleniya, issledovanie i vstuplenie Mokhammada Shakhnazari; pod rukovodstvom professora Seyeda Mokhammada Khamenei, pod red. Mokhammadi.-Tegeran: Fond islamskoy mudrosti Sadra, 2002.-T. 2.-888s.
Dyurant U. Istoriya Filosofii, Zhizn' i vozzreniya samykh velikikh filosofov mira.-N'yu-York: Taym inkorporeyt, 1951.-286s.
Daylami Mokhammadkhasan Arshad al-Golub. Seyed Abbas Tabatbayi, per.-Kum: Byuro islamskikh publikatsiy,2004.-288s.
Bekon F. Esse.-N'yu-York: Charl'z Skribner i synov'ya, 1908.-95s.
Bekon F. Novyy organon.-London: Izdatel'stvo kembridzhskogo universiteta, 2000.-350s.
Bekon F. Progress obrazovaniya.-London: DODO press, 2006.-280s.

References (transliteration):
Cherch R.V. Bekon.-London: Meri Avgusta Skot, 1974.-252s.
Uoles Karl R. Frensis Bekon o sushchnosti cheloveka.-London: Izdatel'stvo oksfordskogo universiteta, 1951.-400s.
Folike P. Obshchaya filosofiya ili metafizika. Makhdavi, per.-Tegeran,1968
Rassel B. Istoriya Filosofii. Nadzhaf Daryabandari, per.-Tegeran: Parvaz, 2004.-T.2.-858s.
Mulla Sadra Tayny znameniy; ispravleniya Mokhammad Ali Dzhavedan; vstuplenie professora Seyeda Mokhammada Khamenei; pod red. Mokhammadi.-Tegeran: Fond islamskoy mudrosti Sadra,2009.-480s.
Mulla Sadra Chetyre stranstviya; ispravleniya, issledovanie i vstuplenie Mokhammadi; pod rukovodstvom Seyeda Mokhammada Khamenei.-Tegeran: Fond islamskoy mudrosti Sadra ,2001.-T.2.-610s.
Koran
Lavlok D. Geya: novyy vzglyad na zhizn' na Zemle.-London: Izdatel'stvo oksfordskogo universiteta,1979.-356s.
Mulla Sadra Al'-Mabda va-l'-ma’ad; ispravleniya, issledovanie i vstuplenie Mokhammada Shakhnazari; pod rukovodstvom professora Seyeda Mokhammada Khamenei, pod red. Mokhammadi.-Tegeran: Fond islamskoy mudrosti Sadra, 2002.-T. 2.-888s.
Dyurant U. Istoriya Filosofii, Zhizn' i vozzreniya samykh velikikh filosofov mira.-N'yu-York: Taym inkorporeyt, 1951.-286s.
Daylami Mokhammadkhasan Arshad al-Golub. Seyed Abbas Tabatbayi, per.-Kum: Byuro islamskikh publikatsiy,2004.-288s.
Bekon F. Esse.-N'yu-York: Charl'z Skribner i synov'ya, 1908.-95s.
Bekon F. Novyy organon.-London: Izdatel'stvo kembridzhskogo universiteta, 2000.-350s.
Bekon F. Progress obrazovaniya.-London: DODO press, 2006.-280s.

Abstract: The author of the article tries to define environmental aspects of the Ancient philosophy, Medieval philosophy and Renaissance philosophy. The author also raises the question about the essence and descent of human, relation between human and nature, between human and human, the place of human in the world and the destiny of human. In addition, the author of the article touches upon the main ideological and methodological beliefs at the Ancient Times, Middle Ages and Renaissance. The conclusion of the article is that human and nature were in harmony at the Ancient Times. Middle Ages did not ruin but changed that harmony and human already tried to be more important than nature. At the age of Renaissance human made the first attempts to conquer nature. He was believed to be God on earth and tried to change the environment and nature in accordance with his needs and abilities. On the other hand, back in those times the humankind did not have enough abilities and power to ruin the balance and harmony in relations between human and nature.

Keywords: philosophy, nature, human, unity, Middle Ages, Classical Antiquity, self-generation, fundament, chaos, being.

Contact information: Kravchenko Yulia Pavlovna, 455000, Russia, Chelyabinskaya oblast, Magnitogorsk, pr. Lenina 114, aud. 212.

References:
1. Boetsii� . Uteshenie Filosofiei� i drugie traktaty. M.: Nauka, 1990.
2. Bruno Dzh. Izgnanie torzhestvuyushchego zverya. O prichine, nachale i edinom. Mn.: Kharvest, 1999. 480 c.
3. Kessidi F.Kh. Ot mifa k logosu (Stanovlenie grecheskoi� filosofii). M., 1972.
4. Kommentarii k KhII-oi� knige «Metafiziki» (Akvinskii� : Aristotel'. Metafizika. — Kniga KhII). M.:
Direkt-Media, 2002.
5. Kuzanskii� N. Ob uchenom neznanii. M.: Sotsegiz, 1937. 248 c.
6. Losev A.F. Dvenadtsat' tezisov ob antichnoi� kul'ture // Studencheskii� meridian. 1983. № 9–10.
7. Monten' Mishel'. Opyty. Izbrannye proizvedeniya v 3-kh tomakh. T. 2 / Per. s fr. M.-L.: Izd-vo akade-
mii nauk SSSR, 1958. 652 c.
8. Paskal' B. Mysli o religii. M.: Tipografiya I. D. Sytina i Ko, 1892. 278 s.
9. Petrarka F. Lirika. Avtobiograficheskaya proza. M.: Pravda, 1989. 480 s.
10. Platon. Gosudarstvo // Platon. Sobranie sochinenii� v 4-kh t. T. 4. Zakony. M.: Mysl', 1994. 903 c.
11. Sokolov V.V. Istoriya antichnoi� dialektiki. M., 1972.
12. Tvoreniya blazhennogo Avgustina, episkopa Ipponskogo. Chast' 1. Kiev, 1901.
13. Ekkhart M. Dukhovnye propovedi i rassuzhdeniya. M.: Politizdat, 1991. 192 s. (Reprint. izdanie 1912 g.).
14. Pohlenz M. Nomos and Physis. Hermes // Zeitschrift f'r klassische Philosophie. 1953. Bd. 131. № l.

References (transliteration):
1. Boetsii� . Uteshenie Filosofiei� i drugie traktaty. M.: Nauka, 1990.
2. Bruno Dzh. Izgnanie torzhestvuyushchego zverya. O prichine, nachale i edinom. Mn.: Kharvest, 1999. 480 c.
3. Kessidi F.Kh. Ot mifa k logosu (Stanovlenie grecheskoi� filosofii). M., 1972.
4. Kommentarii k KhII-oi� knige «Metafiziki» (Akvinskii� : Aristotel'. Metafizika. — Kniga KhII). M.:
Direkt-Media, 2002.
5. Kuzanskii� N. Ob uchenom neznanii. M.: Sotsegiz, 1937. 248 c.
6. Losev A.F. Dvenadtsat' tezisov ob antichnoi� kul'ture // Studencheskii� meridian. 1983. № 9–10.
7. Monten' Mishel'. Opyty. Izbrannye proizvedeniya v 3-kh tomakh. T. 2 / Per. s fr. M.-L.: Izd-vo akade-
mii nauk SSSR, 1958. 652 c.
8. Paskal' B. Mysli o religii. M.: Tipografiya I. D. Sytina i Ko, 1892. 278 s.
9. Petrarka F. Lirika. Avtobiograficheskaya proza. M.: Pravda, 1989. 480 s.
10. Platon. Gosudarstvo // Platon. Sobranie sochinenii� v 4-kh t. T. 4. Zakony. M.: Mysl', 1994. 903 c.
11. Sokolov V.V. Istoriya antichnoi� dialektiki. M., 1972.
12. Tvoreniya blazhennogo Avgustina, episkopa Ipponskogo. Chast' 1. Kiev, 1901.
13. Ekkhart M. Dukhovnye propovedi i rassuzhdeniya. M.: Politizdat, 1991. 192 s. (Reprint. izdanie 1912 g.).
14. Pohlenz M. Nomos and Physis. Hermes // Zeitschrift f'r klassische Philosophie. 1953. Bd. 131. № l.

Abstract: The article reconstructs the project of philosophical anthroplogy by Pavel Florensky. The author considers such aspects of human nature as corporeity, sex, difference between face, image and cover as well as difference between body, conscience and organism. Analyzing Florensky’s theory of corporeity the author draws a parallel between Florensky’s theory and Gilles Deleuze’s and ‘Russian cosmists’ philosophies.
Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy is shown as very similar to the revelations of the Russian philosophy

Keywords: philosophy, body, conscience, Florenksy, Deleuze, Russian cosmism, Ukhtomsky, projection of organs, body without organs, face

Contact information: Rostova Natalya Nikolaevna, NNRostova@yandex.ru

References:
Gegel' Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk. T. 3. Filosofiya dukha. M.: Mysl', 1977.
Florenskiy P.A. Sobranie sochineniy. Filosofiya kul'ta. M.: Mysl', 2004.
Florenskiy P.A. Sochineniya. V 4 t. T. 3(2). M.: Mysl', 1999.
Florenskiy P.A. Stolp i utverzhdenie istiny. T. 1 (1), T. 1 (2). M.: Pravda, 1990.
Florenskiy P.A. Ikonostas // Khristianstvo i kul'tura. M.: OOO «Izdatel'stvo AST», Khar'kov: «Folio», 2001.
Florenskiy P.A. U vodorazdelov mysli // Khristianstvo i kul'tura. M.: OOO «Izdatel'stvo AST», Khar'kov: «Folio», 2001.
Florenskiy P.A. Sochineniya. V 4 t. T. 3(1). M.: Mysl', 1999.
Losskiy V.N. Ocherk misticheskogo bogosloviya. M.: Tsentr «SEI», 1991.
Fedorov N. Filosofiya obshchego dela // Russkiy kosmizm: Antologiya filosofskoy mysli. M.: Pedagogika-Press, 1993.
Delez Zh. Mishel' Turn'e i mir bez Drugogo // Mishel' Turn'e. Pyatnitsa, ili Tikhookeanskiy limb: Roman. SPb: Amfora, 1999.
Tsiolkovskiy K. Zhivye sushchestva v kosmose // Iskatel'. 1961. №1. S. 12-20.

References (transliteration):
Gegel' Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk. T. 3. Filosofiya dukha. M.: Mysl', 1977.
Florenskiy P.A. Sobranie sochineniy. Filosofiya kul'ta. M.: Mysl', 2004.
Florenskiy P.A. Sochineniya. V 4 t. T. 3(2). M.: Mysl', 1999.
Florenskiy P.A. Stolp i utverzhdenie istiny. T. 1 (1), T. 1 (2). M.: Pravda, 1990.
Florenskiy P.A. Ikonostas // Khristianstvo i kul'tura. M.: OOO «Izdatel'stvo AST», Khar'kov: «Folio», 2001.
Florenskiy P.A. U vodorazdelov mysli // Khristianstvo i kul'tura. M.: OOO «Izdatel'stvo AST», Khar'kov: «Folio», 2001.
Florenskiy P.A. Sochineniya. V 4 t. T. 3(1). M.: Mysl', 1999.
Losskiy V.N. Ocherk misticheskogo bogosloviya. M.: Tsentr «SEI», 1991.
Fedorov N. Filosofiya obshchego dela // Russkiy kosmizm: Antologiya filosofskoy mysli. M.: Pedagogika-Press, 1993.
Delez Zh. Mishel' Turn'e i mir bez Drugogo // Mishel' Turn'e. Pyatnitsa, ili Tikhookeanskiy limb: Roman. SPb: Amfora, 1999.
Tsiolkovskiy K. Zhivye sushchestva v kosmose // Iskatel'. 1961. №1. S. 12-20.

Abstract: Initially aiming at human prosperity, new technologies created a threat to human and created the problem of utilization of technological ‘garbage’ in near-Earth and on Earth (contamination of the land and oceans as a consequence of all kinds of experiments). The question is, what for is all that? The answer is: active ambitions of the mind and will power aimed at restraining nature, raised the topic of ‘self-destruction of living substance’ first spoken of by V.I. Vernadsky.

Keywords: philosophy, traditional culture, world perception, cosmos/nature/wholeness, environmental crisis

Contact information: Zhimbeeva Sesegma Irinchinovna, mungenseseg@rambler.ru

References:
Vindel'band V. Filosofiya kul'tury i transtsendental'nyy idealizm // Kul'turologiya. KhKh vek: Antologiya, filosofiya i sotsiologiya kul'tury. M., 1994.
Grigor'eva N.G. Vvedenie v antropologiyu ekotsentricheskoy napravlennosti. Khabarovsk, 2002.
Gumilev L.N. Tysyacheletie vokrug Kaspiya. M., 1993.
Drach G.V. Rozhdenie antichnoy filosofii i nachalo antropologicheskoy problematiki. M., 2003.
Kassirer E. Izbrannoe. Opyt o cheloveke. M., 1998.
Konovalov S.S. Kniga, kotoraya lechit. Put' k zdorov'yu. — SPb, 2004.
Kuznetsov G.A. Ekologiya i budushchee. Analiz filosofskikh osnovaniy global'nykh prognozov. M., 1988.
Kurguzov V.L. Protivorechivost' nekotorykh stsenariev ustoychivogo razvitiya // Ustoychivoe razvitie: sb. nauch. tr. Ulan-Ude, 1999. Vyp. 3. S. 166-177.
Levi-Bryul'. Pervobytnoe myshlenie. M., 1998.
Linevir Ch. i Devis T. Paradoksy Bol'shogo vzryva // V mire nauki. 2005. № 6.
Lur'e S.V. Istoricheskaya etnologiya. M., 1998.
Moiseev N. Ekologicheskiy krizis. M., 1998.
Moskovskiy A.A., Mirzalis I.V. Soznanie i fizicheskiy mir // Soznanie i fizicheskiy mir: sb.st. / pod red. Akimova A.E. M., 1995. Vyp.1.
Pospelova A.I. Traditsionnaya kul'tura i religiya avtokhtonnykh arkticheskikh narodov. SPb., 2000.
Rolston Kh III. Sushchestvuet li ekologicheskaya etika? // Global'nye problemy i obshchechelovecheskie tsennosti. M., 1990.
Sergeev K.A., Slinin Ya.A. Priroda i razum. Antichnaya paradigma. L., 1991. S. 24-32.
Skvortsov A.V., Khmelinskaya E.V. Svetonostnost'. Novosibirsk, 2004.
Utkin A.I. Globalizatsiya: protsess i osmyslenie. M., 2002.
Utkin A.I. Mirovoy poryadok XX I veka. M., 2001.
Frank S. Priroda i kul'tura // EON. Al'manakh staroy i novoy kul'tury. M.: INION RAN, 1994. Vyp. 1-2.
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya. M., 1997.
Chelovek — sreda — Vselennaya: tezisy dokladov mezhdunar. nauchno-prakt. konferentsii. 16-18 iyulya 1997. T. 1. Irkutsk, 1997.
Shveytser A. Kul'tura i etika // Upadok i vozrozhdenie kul'tury. Izbrannoe. M., 1993. S. 287-506.
Yung K.G. Arkhaichnyy chelovek // Problemy dushi nashego vremeni. M., 1994.

References (transliteration):
Vindel'band V. Filosofiya kul'tury i transtsendental'nyy idealizm // Kul'turologiya. KhKh vek: Antologiya, filosofiya i sotsiologiya kul'tury. M., 1994.
Grigor'eva N.G. Vvedenie v antropologiyu ekotsentricheskoy napravlennosti. Khabarovsk, 2002.
Gumilev L.N. Tysyacheletie vokrug Kaspiya. M., 1993.
Drach G.V. Rozhdenie antichnoy filosofii i nachalo antropologicheskoy problematiki. M., 2003.
Kassirer E. Izbrannoe. Opyt o cheloveke. M., 1998.
Konovalov S.S. Kniga, kotoraya lechit. Put' k zdorov'yu. — SPb, 2004.
Kuznetsov G.A. Ekologiya i budushchee. Analiz filosofskikh osnovaniy global'nykh prognozov. M., 1988.
Kurguzov V.L. Protivorechivost' nekotorykh stsenariev ustoychivogo razvitiya // Ustoychivoe razvitie: sb. nauch. tr. Ulan-Ude, 1999. Vyp. 3. S. 166-177.
Levi-Bryul'. Pervobytnoe myshlenie. M., 1998.
Linevir Ch. i Devis T. Paradoksy Bol'shogo vzryva // V mire nauki. 2005. № 6.
Lur'e S.V. Istoricheskaya etnologiya. M., 1998.
Moiseev N. Ekologicheskiy krizis. M., 1998.
Moskovskiy A.A., Mirzalis I.V. Soznanie i fizicheskiy mir // Soznanie i fizicheskiy mir: sb.st. / pod red. Akimova A.E. M., 1995. Vyp.1.
Pospelova A.I. Traditsionnaya kul'tura i religiya avtokhtonnykh arkticheskikh narodov. SPb., 2000.
Rolston Kh III. Sushchestvuet li ekologicheskaya etika? // Global'nye problemy i obshchechelovecheskie tsennosti. M., 1990.
Sergeev K.A., Slinin Ya.A. Priroda i razum. Antichnaya paradigma. L., 1991. S. 24-32.
Skvortsov A.V., Khmelinskaya E.V. Svetonostnost'. Novosibirsk, 2004.
Utkin A.I. Globalizatsiya: protsess i osmyslenie. M., 2002.
Utkin A.I. Mirovoy poryadok XX I veka. M., 2001.
Frank S. Priroda i kul'tura // EON. Al'manakh staroy i novoy kul'tury. M.: INION RAN, 1994. Vyp. 1-2.
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya. M., 1997.
Chelovek — sreda — Vselennaya: tezisy dokladov mezhdunar. nauchno-prakt. konferentsii. 16-18 iyulya 1997. T. 1. Irkutsk, 1997.
Shveytser A. Kul'tura i etika // Upadok i vozrozhdenie kul'tury. Izbrannoe. M., 1993. S. 287-506.
Yung K.G. Arkhaichnyy chelovek // Problemy dushi nashego vremeni. M., 1994.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the two ontological paradigms, - intersubjective and transsubjective ones. Both of the paradigms are illustrated by metaphysical and natural philosophical conceptions. Intersubjectivity theory is presented by Levinas and Geizenberg and transsubjective theory is presented by Heidegger and Einstein. The article also contains the comparative analysis of the theories in the spheres of time and space.

Keywords: philosophy, space, time, inter subjectivity, trans subjectivity, metaphysics, natural philosophy, probability, infinity, whole.

Contact information: Mazarskiy Mikhail Vladimirovich, mm5769@yandex.ru

Abstract: the article is interpreting the origins of bourgeois philosophy in respect to its classical authors, Francis Bacon (1561-1626) and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679). Their theories reflected the period when England, advanced European country in the 17th century, moved from feudalism to capitalism. That period in economy was the epoch of the initial capitalistic “accumulation”, very similar to the times of the “wild” capitalism in Russia back in 1990s under the government of Boris Eltsin. Eltsin’s “wild” capitalism is still remembered by Russians for its tough social consequences which are not fully overcome even now. Discussions in classical philosophy devoted to the “labour pains” of the bourgeois society will be certainly of interest to thoughtful readers.

Keywords: philosophy, natural sciences, soul, psyche, reflex, science, psychology, theory of knowledge, anthropology, world perception.

Contact information: Suhov, A. D., nb-media@mail.ru