Review: The author refers to the new ontologies that attained the name of “flat”, among which are the ontologies of Latur, Deslandes, Harman, Bogost, Bryant, Morton, and others. However, the author believes that it is not enough to just describe the peculiarities of this new type on ontologies (which have already been done by the representatives themselves), but also demonstrate why and in what ways the non-flat ontology transformed into the flat, in other words, how the flat ontology fits the general philosophical context.  The author suggest examining the flat ontology as one of the four basic ontological schematisms, which are the four different versions of the answer to the question “what is?” As a result, the author determines that the flat ontology emerged due to the denial of the assumptions that lie in the foundation of the three ontological schematisms (Parmenidean, ascent, Democritus’ descent, Kant’s medium that sets up and down). As demonstrated by the author, all of these schematisms originated from the clear in one or another way vertical. The refusal of it became the cause that the new ontology holds just the horizontal.

Keywords: object, beings, being, correlationism, speculative realism, object-oriented ontology, flat ontology, ontology, symmetry, asymmetry

References:
Latur B. Ob interob'ektivnosti // Sotsiologiya veshchey. Sbornik statey. M., 2006. 392 s.
Braynt L. Na puti k okonchatel'nomu osvobozhdeniyu ob'ekta ot sub'ekta // Logos. ¹4 (100). 2014. S. 275-292.
Yaspers K. Vvedenie v filosofiyu. Mn., 2000. 192 s.
Bogost Ya. Bardak v videoigrakh // Logos. ¹1 (103). 2015. S. 79-99.
Morton T. Ekologiya bez prirody // Khudozhestvennyy zhurnal. 2016. ¹96. S. 22-31.
Morton T. Realist Magic: Objects, Ontology, Causality. Ann Arbor, 2013. 232 p.
Bogost I. Alien Phenomenology, or What It’s Like to Be a Thing. Minneapolis, London, 2012. 168 p.
Bryant L. Onto-Cartography. An Ontology of Machines and Media. Edinburgh, 2014. 300 p.
Lo Dzh. Posle metoda: besporyadok i sotsial'naya nauka. M., 2015. 352 s.
Mol A. Mnozhestvennoe telo // Sotsiologiya vlasti. ¹1. 2015. S. 232-247.
Latur B. Kogda veshchi dayut otpor: vozmozhnyy vklad «issledovaniy nauki» v obshchestvennye nauki // Sotsiologiya veshchey. Sbornik statey. M., 2006. 392 s.
Harman G. Prince of Networks: Bruno Latour and Metaphysics. Melbourne, 2009. 258 p.
Kharman G. Chetveroyakiy ob'ekt: Metafizika veshchey posle Khaydeggera. Perm', 2015. 152 s.
Speculative Turn: Continental Materialism and Realism. Melbourne, 2011. 440 p.
DeLanda M. Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy. London, NY, 2002. 252 p.

References (transliteration):
Latur B. Ob interob'ektivnosti // Sotsiologiya veshchey. Sbornik statey. M., 2006. 392 s.
Braynt L. Na puti k okonchatel'nomu osvobozhdeniyu ob'ekta ot sub'ekta // Logos. ¹4 (100). 2014. S. 275-292.
Yaspers K. Vvedenie v filosofiyu. Mn., 2000. 192 s.
Bogost Ya. Bardak v videoigrakh // Logos. ¹1 (103). 2015. S. 79-99.
Morton T. Ekologiya bez prirody // Khudozhestvennyy zhurnal. 2016. ¹96. S. 22-31.
Morton T. Realist Magic: Objects, Ontology, Causality. Ann Arbor, 2013. 232 p.
Bogost I. Alien Phenomenology, or What It’s Like to Be a Thing. Minneapolis, London, 2012. 168 p.
Bryant L. Onto-Cartography. An Ontology of Machines and Media. Edinburgh, 2014. 300 p.
Lo Dzh. Posle metoda: besporyadok i sotsial'naya nauka. M., 2015. 352 s.
Mol A. Mnozhestvennoe telo // Sotsiologiya vlasti. ¹1. 2015. S. 232-247.
Latur B. Kogda veshchi dayut otpor: vozmozhnyy vklad «issledovaniy nauki» v obshchestvennye nauki // Sotsiologiya veshchey. Sbornik statey. M., 2006. 392 s.
Harman G. Prince of Networks: Bruno Latour and Metaphysics. Melbourne, 2009. 258 p.
Kharman G. Chetveroyakiy ob'ekt: Metafizika veshchey posle Khaydeggera. Perm', 2015. 152 s.
Speculative Turn: Continental Materialism and Realism. Melbourne, 2011. 440 p.
DeLanda M. Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy. London, NY, 2002. 252 p.

Review: The subject of this research is Nietzsche’s philosophical doctrine in the perspective of transgression. The authors reviews the main categories of Nietzsche’s philosophy (superhuman, will to power, eternal return, nihilism) and determines their correlation with transgression. Special attention is given to the problem of being and becoming with regards to the prospects of transgression. Questions, associated with the problems of culture and state in the philosophy of Nietzsche, are also being examined. A separate paragraph is dedicated to the question about the status of transgression as the principal strategy of life and philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. The main result of the conducted research consists in the conclusion about the status of transgression as a fundamental horizon of Nietzsche’s philosophical doctrine. The author determines that the modern non-classical ontology is based on transgression. Within the existing philosophical discourse the prospect of transgression pushes out the prospect of transcendence.

Keywords: culture, transcendence, nihilism, eternal return, will to power, Superman, transgression, Nietzsche, being, becoming

References:
Gran'e Zh. Nitsshe / Zh. Gran'e. – M.: ACT: Astrel', 2005. – 158 s.
Delez Zh. Nitsshe i filosofiya / Zh. Delez. – M.: Ad Marginem, 2003. – 392 s.
Khaydegger M. Nitsshe. T. 1. / M. Khaydegger. – SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2006. – 604 s.
Khaydegger M. Nitsshe. T. 2. / M. Khaydegger. – SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2007. – 440 s.
Yaspers K. Nitsshe: Vvedenie v ponimanie ego filosofstvovaniya / K. Yaspers. – SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2004. – 630 s.
Faritov V.T. Transgressiya i diskurs. Vvedenie v filosofiyu bytiyno-smyslovogo perspektivizma / V.T. Faritov. – Ul'yanovsk: UlGTU, 2012. – 199 s.
Faritov V.T. Transtsendentsiya i transgressiya kak perspektivy diskursa // Fundamental'nye issledovaniya. – 2014. – ¹ 11 (2). – S. 465-469.
Podoroga, V. Vyrazhenie i smysl. Landshaftnye miry filosofii: Seren Kirkegor, Fridrikh Nitsshe, Martin Khaydegger, Marsel' Prust, Frants Kafka / V. Podoroga. M.: Ad Marginem, 1995. – 427 s.
Gegel', G.V.F. Nauka logiki / G.F.V. Gegel'. – SPb.: Nauka, 2005. – 800 s.
Delez Zh. Nitsshe i filosofiya / Zh. Delez. – M.: Ad Marginem, 2003. – 392 s.
Nietzsche F. [7 = Mp XVII 3b. Ende 1886 – Frühjahr 1887] // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/NF-1886,7 (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Nitsshe F. Chernoviki i nabroski 1885-1887 gg. // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 12 / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2005. – 560 s.
Khaydegger M. Vvedenie v metafiziku / M. Khaydegger. – SPb.: Vysshaya religiozno-filosofskaya shkola, 1997. – S.
Nietzsche F. [9 = W II 1. Herbst 1887] // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/NF-1887,9 (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Nitsshe F. Chernoviki i nabroski 1884-1885 gg. // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 11 / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2012. – 688 s.
Nitsshe F. Chernoviki i nabroski 1887-1889 gg. // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 13 / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2006. – 656 s.
Nietzsche F. [14 = W II 5. Frühjahr 1888] // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/NF-1888,14 (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Nietzsche F. Menschliches, Allzumenschliches // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/MA-I (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Nitsshe F. Chelovecheskoe, slishkom chelovecheskoe. V dvukh tomakh // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 2: Chelovecheskoe, slishkom chelovecheskoe / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2011. – 672 s.
Nitsshe F. Tak govoril Zaratustra. Kniga dlya vsekh i ni dlya kogo // F. Nitsshe Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 4: Tak govoril Zaratustra. Kniga dlya vsekh i ni dlya kogo / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2007. – 432 s.
Batay Zh. O Nitsshe / Zh. Batay. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2010. – 336 s.
Nitsshe F. Veselaya nauka (la gaya scienza) // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 3: Utrennyaya zarya. Messinskie idillii. Veselaya nauka / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2014. – S. 313-597.
Markov B.V. Chelovek, gosudarstvo i Bog v filosofii Nitsshe / B.V. Markov. – SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2005. –788 s.
Gegel' G.V.F. Fenomenologiya dukha / G.V.F. Gegel'. – SPb.: Nauka, 2006. – 444 s.
Kozhev A. Vvedenie v chtenie Gegelya. Lektsii po Fenomenologii dukha, chitavshiesya s 1933 po 1939 g. v Vysshey prakticheskoy shkole / A. Kozhev. SPb: Nauka, 2003 – 792 s.
Nietzsche F. [10 = W II 2. Herbst 1887] // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/NF-1887,10 (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Nitsshe F. Rozhdenie tragedii // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 1/1: Rozhdenie tragedii. Iz naslediya 1869-1873 godov / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2012. – S. 7-145.
Nitsshe F. Ecce homo. Kak stanovyatsya soboyu // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 6: Sumerki idolov. Antikhrist. Ecce homo. Dionisovy difiramby. Nitsshe contra Vagner / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2009. – S. 185-285.
Nitsshe F. Antikhrist. Proklyatie khristianstvu // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 6: Sumerki idolov. Antikhrist. Ecce homo. Dionisovy difiramby. Nitsshe contra Vagner / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2009. – S. 107-185.
Nietzsche F. [11 = W II 3. November 1887 – März 1888] // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/NF-1887,11[368] (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Yaspers, K. Nitsshe i khristianstvo / K. Yaspers. – M.: «Medium», 1994. – 123 s.
Nitsshe F. Yunyy Nitsshe: Avtobiograficheskie materialy. Izbrannye pis'ma. Iz rannikh rabot. 1856-1868 / Sost. V.M. Bakusev. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2014. – 304 s.
Bakusev V.M. Lestnitsa v bezdnu: Nitsshe i evropeyskaya psikhicheskaya matritsa / V.M. Bakusev. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2012. – 296 s.
Nietzsche F. [2 = W I 8. Herbst 1885 – Herbst 1886] // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/NF-1885,2 (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Minskiy N. Fridrikh Nitsshe // Nitsshe: pro et contra / Yu.V. Sineokaya. – SPb.: RKhGI, 2001. – S. 303-314.
Nietzsche F. Die fröhliche Wissenschaft // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/FW (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Balakleets N.A. Sotsial'noe prostranstvo kak uslovie formirovaniya rossiyskoy identichnosti: dis. ... kand. filos. nauk / Moskovskiy pedagogicheskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet. Moskva, 2010.
Faritov V.T. Transgressiya i transtsendentsiya kak perspektivy vremeni i bytiya v filosofii M. Khaydeggera i F. Nitsshe // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2014. - 8. - C. 1 - 24. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2014.8.13371. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_13371.html
Faritov V.T. Diskurs i transgressiya. Perspektivy ontologicheskogo issledovaniya // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2015. - 3. - C. 1 - 9. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2015.3.14919. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_14919.html

References (transliteration):
Gran'e Zh. Nitsshe / Zh. Gran'e. – M.: ACT: Astrel', 2005. – 158 s.
Delez Zh. Nitsshe i filosofiya / Zh. Delez. – M.: Ad Marginem, 2003. – 392 s.
Khaydegger M. Nitsshe. T. 1. / M. Khaydegger. – SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2006. – 604 s.
Khaydegger M. Nitsshe. T. 2. / M. Khaydegger. – SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2007. – 440 s.
Yaspers K. Nitsshe: Vvedenie v ponimanie ego filosofstvovaniya / K. Yaspers. – SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2004. – 630 s.
Faritov V.T. Transgressiya i diskurs. Vvedenie v filosofiyu bytiyno-smyslovogo perspektivizma / V.T. Faritov. – Ul'yanovsk: UlGTU, 2012. – 199 s.
Faritov V.T. Transtsendentsiya i transgressiya kak perspektivy diskursa // Fundamental'nye issledovaniya. – 2014. – ¹ 11 (2). – S. 465-469.
Podoroga, V. Vyrazhenie i smysl. Landshaftnye miry filosofii: Seren Kirkegor, Fridrikh Nitsshe, Martin Khaydegger, Marsel' Prust, Frants Kafka / V. Podoroga. M.: Ad Marginem, 1995. – 427 s.
Gegel', G.V.F. Nauka logiki / G.F.V. Gegel'. – SPb.: Nauka, 2005. – 800 s.
Delez Zh. Nitsshe i filosofiya / Zh. Delez. – M.: Ad Marginem, 2003. – 392 s.
Nietzsche F. [7 = Mp XVII 3b. Ende 1886 – Frühjahr 1887] // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/NF-1886,7 (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Nitsshe F. Chernoviki i nabroski 1885-1887 gg. // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 12 / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2005. – 560 s.
Khaydegger M. Vvedenie v metafiziku / M. Khaydegger. – SPb.: Vysshaya religiozno-filosofskaya shkola, 1997. – S.
Nietzsche F. [9 = W II 1. Herbst 1887] // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/NF-1887,9 (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Nitsshe F. Chernoviki i nabroski 1884-1885 gg. // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 11 / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2012. – 688 s.
Nitsshe F. Chernoviki i nabroski 1887-1889 gg. // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 13 / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2006. – 656 s.
Nietzsche F. [14 = W II 5. Frühjahr 1888] // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/NF-1888,14 (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Nietzsche F. Menschliches, Allzumenschliches // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/MA-I (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Nitsshe F. Chelovecheskoe, slishkom chelovecheskoe. V dvukh tomakh // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 2: Chelovecheskoe, slishkom chelovecheskoe / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2011. – 672 s.
Nitsshe F. Tak govoril Zaratustra. Kniga dlya vsekh i ni dlya kogo // F. Nitsshe Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 4: Tak govoril Zaratustra. Kniga dlya vsekh i ni dlya kogo / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2007. – 432 s.
Batay Zh. O Nitsshe / Zh. Batay. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2010. – 336 s.
Nitsshe F. Veselaya nauka (la gaya scienza) // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 3: Utrennyaya zarya. Messinskie idillii. Veselaya nauka / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2014. – S. 313-597.
Markov B.V. Chelovek, gosudarstvo i Bog v filosofii Nitsshe / B.V. Markov. – SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2005. –788 s.
Gegel' G.V.F. Fenomenologiya dukha / G.V.F. Gegel'. – SPb.: Nauka, 2006. – 444 s.
Kozhev A. Vvedenie v chtenie Gegelya. Lektsii po Fenomenologii dukha, chitavshiesya s 1933 po 1939 g. v Vysshey prakticheskoy shkole / A. Kozhev. SPb: Nauka, 2003 – 792 s.
Nietzsche F. [10 = W II 2. Herbst 1887] // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/NF-1887,10 (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Nitsshe F. Rozhdenie tragedii // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 1/1: Rozhdenie tragedii. Iz naslediya 1869-1873 godov / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2012. – S. 7-145.
Nitsshe F. Ecce homo. Kak stanovyatsya soboyu // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 6: Sumerki idolov. Antikhrist. Ecce homo. Dionisovy difiramby. Nitsshe contra Vagner / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2009. – S. 185-285.
Nitsshe F. Antikhrist. Proklyatie khristianstvu // Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 6: Sumerki idolov. Antikhrist. Ecce homo. Dionisovy difiramby. Nitsshe contra Vagner / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2009. – S. 107-185.
Nietzsche F. [11 = W II 3. November 1887 – März 1888] // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/NF-1887,11[368] (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Yaspers, K. Nitsshe i khristianstvo / K. Yaspers. – M.: «Medium», 1994. – 123 s.
Nitsshe F. Yunyy Nitsshe: Avtobiograficheskie materialy. Izbrannye pis'ma. Iz rannikh rabot. 1856-1868 / Sost. V.M. Bakusev. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2014. – 304 s.
Bakusev V.M. Lestnitsa v bezdnu: Nitsshe i evropeyskaya psikhicheskaya matritsa / V.M. Bakusev. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2012. – 296 s.
Nietzsche F. [2 = W I 8. Herbst 1885 – Herbst 1886] // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/NF-1885,2 (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Minskiy N. Fridrikh Nitsshe // Nitsshe: pro et contra / Yu.V. Sineokaya. – SPb.: RKhGI, 2001. – S. 303-314.
Nietzsche F. Die fröhliche Wissenschaft // Digitale Kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke und Brief [Elektronnyy resurs]: Nietzsche Source. URL: http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/FW (data obrashcheniya: 16.06.15)
Balakleets N.A. Sotsial'noe prostranstvo kak uslovie formirovaniya rossiyskoy identichnosti: dis. ... kand. filos. nauk / Moskovskiy pedagogicheskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet. Moskva, 2010.
Faritov V.T. Transgressiya i transtsendentsiya kak perspektivy vremeni i bytiya v filosofii M. Khaydeggera i F. Nitsshe // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2014. - 8. - C. 1 - 24. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2014.8.13371. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_13371.html
Faritov V.T. Diskurs i transgressiya. Perspektivy ontologicheskogo issledovaniya // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2015. - 3. - C. 1 - 9. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2015.3.14919. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_14919.html

Review: The subject of this research is the process of being. The article examines the four key problems. The first consists in the clarification of the philosophical concept and meaning of the “ontology of being”, its universal character, comparable to the fundamental philosophical category of being, as well as the concrete specificity of ontology in each sphere of being. In the second aspect the author reveals the ontology applied to all types of human-world relationship, and illustrates its various “projections”. Such connection is demonstrated in analyzing Hegel’s concept of ontology. The third aspect is detected in researching the content of the main categories that emerged in the history of philosophy: movement, development, activity, creativeness, and game. Each of them has its own content and volume. In this article the author suggests a generalized picture of the ontology of being, which is based on these categories. The fourth aspect is determined in the plane of being of actual human, his history, in which take place the current process of globalization, the establishment of the “global society”. Its central problem is a so-call problem of the “end of history”. The author believes that today the fundamental values of the dialectical-materialistic methodology are pushed back by the applied value of the knowledge that falls under the authority capital and officialdom, and becomes a commodity; scholars and thinkers turn into hired employees who produce this commodity; the values of fundamental science and philosophy are replaced by the growth number of whose who carry out a pragmatic-conjunctural orders.  Scientific novelty consists in the revelation of such characteristics of ontology that lie in the foundation of the main types of human-world relationship and are determined by the variety of this relationship.

Keywords: Being, Ontology, Non-being, Movement, Development, Activity, Game, Globalization, “End of history”, Worldview

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Alekseev P.V. i Panin A.V. Filosofiya. 4-oe izd., pererab. i dop. M.: izd-vo Prospekt (MGU), 2013. S. 382-385.
Bulychev I.I., Pobedonostsev S.N. Kosmicheskiy standart cheloveka. Tambov: OOO «Tsentr-press», 2015. 204 s.
Sagatovskiy V.N. Konets ontologii? // Vestnik Rossiyskogo filosofskogo obshchestva. 2010. ¹ 4(56) . S. 92.
Viktor Aleksandrovich Shtoff i sovremennaya filosofiya nauki. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb, un-ta, 2006. S. 21.
Sviderskiy V.I. Nekotorye voprosy dialektiki izmeneniya i razvitiya. M.: Mysl', 1965. S. 12-30.
Gegel'. Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk: V 3 tt. T. 3. M.: Mysl', 1977. S. 89.
Kissel' M.A. Uchenie o dialektike v burzhuaznoy filosofii XX veka. L.: Izd-vo LGU, 1970. S. 9-10.
Gegel' Filosofiya religii v dvukh tomakh. T.2. M.: Mysl', 1977. S. 288, 332.
Kissel' M.A. Gegel' i sovremennyy mir. L.: Izd-vo LGU, 1982. S. 26-27.
Alekseev P.V., Panin A.V. Khrestomatiya po filosofii. Izd. 2-oe. M.: Gardariki, 1997. S. 25-28 (Filosofiya aktivistskaya i filosofiya sozertsatel'naya).
Marks K. Tezisy o Feyerbakhe//Marks K. i Engel's F. Sochineniya. Izd. 2-oe. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955. S. 1.
Prokhorov M.M. Osnovnye tipy mirovozzreniya. Pedagogicheskoe obozrenie. N. Novgorod: NIRO. ¹ 3, 1996. S. 18-27;
Prokhorov M.M. O tipakh vzaimootnosheniy cheloveka s mirom. Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Seriya: Gumanitarnye nauki. Vyp. 2. Tambov, 1997. S. 32-38.
Orlov V.V. Chelovek, mir, mirovozzrenie. M.: Molodaya gvardiya, 1985. 222 s.
Zavadskiy K.M., Kolchinskiy E.I. Evolyutsiya evolyutsii: istoriko-kriticheskie ocherki problemy. L.: Izd-vo LGU, 1977; Kolchinskiy E.I. Filosofsko-metodologicheskiy analiz problemy «evolyutsii evolyutsii» – diss. na soisk. uch. st. doktora filos. nauk. L: LGU, 1986.
Gegel' G.V.F. Nauka logiki. V trekh tomakh. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1970. 501 s.
Belik A.P. Sotsial'naya forma dvizheniya. Yavleniya i sushchnost'. M.: Nauka, 1982. 270 s.
Il'enkov E.V. Kosmologiya dukha // Il'enkov E.V. Filosofiya i kul'tura. M.: Politizdat, 1991. S. 415-436.
Tsiolkovskiy K.E. Ocherki o Vselennoy. Izd. 2-oe, dop. Kaluga: Zolotaya alleya. 2001. 384 s.
Fedorov N.F. Sobranie sochineniy v chetyrekh tomakh. M.: «Progress-Traditsiya», 1995-1999.
Khryapchenkova I.N. Chelovek v iskusstvennoy srede: dostizheniya i utraty. Nizhniy Novgorod. Izd-vo NNGU, 2003. S. 27-45.
Khyubner B. Martin Khaydegger – oderzhimyy bytiem. SPb.: Akademiya issledovaniya kul'tury, 2011. 172 s.
Gadamer Kh.-M. Istina i metod. Osnovy filosofskoy germenevtiki. M.: Progress, 1988. S. 147-174.
Shimel'fenig O.V. Zhivaya Vselennaya. Syuzhetno-igrovaya kartina mira. XXI vek: «Samozavet» ili «Samoapokalipsis»: Nauchnoe izdanie. Saratov, 2005. 688 s.
Mezhuev V.M. Istoricheskaya teoriya Marksa i sovremennost' // Filosofskoe soznanie: dramatizm obnovleniya. M.: Izd-vo politicheskoy literatury, 1991. 413 s.
Nosov N.A. Virtual'naya filosofiya // Nosov N.A. Virtual'naya psikhologiya. M.: Agraf, 2000. S. 7-53; Pronin M.A. Virtualistika v Institute cheloveka RAN. M.: IFRAN, 2015. 179 s.
Nikiforov A.L. Chto takoe «postneklassicheskaya nauka»? // Epistemologiya i filosofiya nauki. 2013. T. XXXVI, ¹ 2, s. 63-64.
Prokhorov M.M. Ekonomizm kak modal'nost' beschelovechnosti // Mirovozzrencheskaya paradigma v filosofii: Modusy i modal'nosti prakticheskie i teoreticheskie: Monografiya / Pod red. prof. M.M. Prokhorova. – Nizhniy Novgorod: NF FGBOU VPO MESI, 2014. S. 188-210
Prokhorov M.M. Obshchestvo – ekonomika – ekonomizm // Filosofskaya mysl'. — 2014.-¹ 1.-S.113-163. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2014.1. 10630. URL: http://e-notabene. ru/fr/article _10630.html.
Mamchur E.A. Obrazy nauki v sovremennoy kul'ture. M., 2008. 400 s.
Popper K. Otkrytoe obshchestvo i ego vragi: v dvukh tomakh. T. 2. M.: Feniks, 1992. 522 s.
Buzgalin A.V., Kolganov A.I. Global'nyy kapital: v dvukh tomakh. T. 2. Izd. 3-e, ispr. i sushch. dop. M.: Lenand, 2015. 629 s.
Ovcharova E.V. Tvorchestvo kak modal'nost' sotsial'nogo blaga v sotsial'nykh proektakh//Mirovozzrencheskaya paradigma v filosofii: Modusy i modal'nosti teoreticheskie i prakticheskie. Monografiya/ Pod red. Prof. M.M. Prokhorova. Nizhniy Novgorod: Izd-vo NF MESI, 2014
Neravenstvo dokhodov i ekonomicheskiy rost: strategii vykhoda iz krizisa / Pod redaktsiey A. Buzgalina, R. Traub-Mertsa, M. Voeykova. M: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2014. 406 s.
Prokhorov M.M. Filosofskie osnovaniya mirovozzreniya postneklassicheskoy epokhi. V 3 chastyakh, Ch. 2. Protivorechiya vtorogo osevogo vremeni. N. Novgorod: Izd-vo NF MESI, 2015. 210 s.
Fukuyama F. Konets istorii i posledniy chelovek. M.: «Ermak», 2004. S. 80-101.
Gadzhiev K.S., Primova E.N. Politologiya. M.: Infra, 2015. 384 s.
Gurevich P.S. Bytiystvennost' igry // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2014. - 9. - C. 905 - 908. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.9.12950.
Gurevich P.S. Igra kak odna iz graney chelovecheskogo bytiya // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2014. - 8. - C. 789 - 792. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.8.12501.
Prokhorov M.M. Sotsial'nost' myshleniya i ee negatsiya // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2013. - 4. - C. 324 - 334. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2013.4.10086.
M. V. Shugurov Innovatsionnoe razvitie v sovremennom mire:
priroda i kontury disproportsiy // Politika i Obshchestvo. - 2012. - 8. - C. 37 - 52.

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Mikeshina L.A. Eklektika i sinkretizm: k voprosu o sistemnosti filosofskogo znaniya // Epistemologiya i filosofiya nauki. 2013. T. XXXVIII. ¹ 4. S. 27-43.
Alekseev P.V. i Panin A.V. Filosofiya. 4-oe izd., pererab. i dop. M.: izd-vo Prospekt (MGU), 2013. S. 382-385.
Bulychev I.I., Pobedonostsev S.N. Kosmicheskiy standart cheloveka. Tambov: OOO «Tsentr-press», 2015. 204 s.
Sagatovskiy V.N. Konets ontologii? // Vestnik Rossiyskogo filosofskogo obshchestva. 2010. ¹ 4(56) . S. 92.
Viktor Aleksandrovich Shtoff i sovremennaya filosofiya nauki. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb, un-ta, 2006. S. 21.
Sviderskiy V.I. Nekotorye voprosy dialektiki izmeneniya i razvitiya. M.: Mysl', 1965. S. 12-30.
Gegel'. Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk: V 3 tt. T. 3. M.: Mysl', 1977. S. 89.
Kissel' M.A. Uchenie o dialektike v burzhuaznoy filosofii XX veka. L.: Izd-vo LGU, 1970. S. 9-10.
Gegel' Filosofiya religii v dvukh tomakh. T.2. M.: Mysl', 1977. S. 288, 332.
Kissel' M.A. Gegel' i sovremennyy mir. L.: Izd-vo LGU, 1982. S. 26-27.
Alekseev P.V., Panin A.V. Khrestomatiya po filosofii. Izd. 2-oe. M.: Gardariki, 1997. S. 25-28 (Filosofiya aktivistskaya i filosofiya sozertsatel'naya).
Marks K. Tezisy o Feyerbakhe//Marks K. i Engel's F. Sochineniya. Izd. 2-oe. M.: Gospolitizdat, 1955. S. 1.
Prokhorov M.M. Osnovnye tipy mirovozzreniya. Pedagogicheskoe obozrenie. N. Novgorod: NIRO. ¹ 3, 1996. S. 18-27;
Prokhorov M.M. O tipakh vzaimootnosheniy cheloveka s mirom. Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Seriya: Gumanitarnye nauki. Vyp. 2. Tambov, 1997. S. 32-38.
Orlov V.V. Chelovek, mir, mirovozzrenie. M.: Molodaya gvardiya, 1985. 222 s.
Zavadskiy K.M., Kolchinskiy E.I. Evolyutsiya evolyutsii: istoriko-kriticheskie ocherki problemy. L.: Izd-vo LGU, 1977; Kolchinskiy E.I. Filosofsko-metodologicheskiy analiz problemy «evolyutsii evolyutsii» – diss. na soisk. uch. st. doktora filos. nauk. L: LGU, 1986.
Gegel' G.V.F. Nauka logiki. V trekh tomakh. T. 1. M.: Mysl', 1970. 501 s.
Belik A.P. Sotsial'naya forma dvizheniya. Yavleniya i sushchnost'. M.: Nauka, 1982. 270 s.
Il'enkov E.V. Kosmologiya dukha // Il'enkov E.V. Filosofiya i kul'tura. M.: Politizdat, 1991. S. 415-436.
Tsiolkovskiy K.E. Ocherki o Vselennoy. Izd. 2-oe, dop. Kaluga: Zolotaya alleya. 2001. 384 s.
Fedorov N.F. Sobranie sochineniy v chetyrekh tomakh. M.: «Progress-Traditsiya», 1995-1999.
Khryapchenkova I.N. Chelovek v iskusstvennoy srede: dostizheniya i utraty. Nizhniy Novgorod. Izd-vo NNGU, 2003. S. 27-45.
Khyubner B. Martin Khaydegger – oderzhimyy bytiem. SPb.: Akademiya issledovaniya kul'tury, 2011. 172 s.
Gadamer Kh.-M. Istina i metod. Osnovy filosofskoy germenevtiki. M.: Progress, 1988. S. 147-174.
Shimel'fenig O.V. Zhivaya Vselennaya. Syuzhetno-igrovaya kartina mira. XXI vek: «Samozavet» ili «Samoapokalipsis»: Nauchnoe izdanie. Saratov, 2005. 688 s.
Mezhuev V.M. Istoricheskaya teoriya Marksa i sovremennost' // Filosofskoe soznanie: dramatizm obnovleniya. M.: Izd-vo politicheskoy literatury, 1991. 413 s.
Nosov N.A. Virtual'naya filosofiya // Nosov N.A. Virtual'naya psikhologiya. M.: Agraf, 2000. S. 7-53; Pronin M.A. Virtualistika v Institute cheloveka RAN. M.: IFRAN, 2015. 179 s.
Nikiforov A.L. Chto takoe «postneklassicheskaya nauka»? // Epistemologiya i filosofiya nauki. 2013. T. XXXVI, ¹ 2, s. 63-64.
Prokhorov M.M. Ekonomizm kak modal'nost' beschelovechnosti // Mirovozzrencheskaya paradigma v filosofii: Modusy i modal'nosti prakticheskie i teoreticheskie: Monografiya / Pod red. prof. M.M. Prokhorova. – Nizhniy Novgorod: NF FGBOU VPO MESI, 2014. S. 188-210
Prokhorov M.M. Obshchestvo – ekonomika – ekonomizm // Filosofskaya mysl'. — 2014.-¹ 1.-S.113-163. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2014.1. 10630. URL: http://e-notabene. ru/fr/article _10630.html.
Mamchur E.A. Obrazy nauki v sovremennoy kul'ture. M., 2008. 400 s.
Popper K. Otkrytoe obshchestvo i ego vragi: v dvukh tomakh. T. 2. M.: Feniks, 1992. 522 s.
Buzgalin A.V., Kolganov A.I. Global'nyy kapital: v dvukh tomakh. T. 2. Izd. 3-e, ispr. i sushch. dop. M.: Lenand, 2015. 629 s.
Ovcharova E.V. Tvorchestvo kak modal'nost' sotsial'nogo blaga v sotsial'nykh proektakh//Mirovozzrencheskaya paradigma v filosofii: Modusy i modal'nosti teoreticheskie i prakticheskie. Monografiya/ Pod red. Prof. M.M. Prokhorova. Nizhniy Novgorod: Izd-vo NF MESI, 2014
Neravenstvo dokhodov i ekonomicheskiy rost: strategii vykhoda iz krizisa / Pod redaktsiey A. Buzgalina, R. Traub-Mertsa, M. Voeykova. M: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2014. 406 s.
Prokhorov M.M. Filosofskie osnovaniya mirovozzreniya postneklassicheskoy epokhi. V 3 chastyakh, Ch. 2. Protivorechiya vtorogo osevogo vremeni. N. Novgorod: Izd-vo NF MESI, 2015. 210 s.
Fukuyama F. Konets istorii i posledniy chelovek. M.: «Ermak», 2004. S. 80-101.
Gadzhiev K.S., Primova E.N. Politologiya. M.: Infra, 2015. 384 s.
Gurevich P.S. Bytiystvennost' igry // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2014. - 9. - C. 905 - 908. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.9.12950.
Gurevich P.S. Igra kak odna iz graney chelovecheskogo bytiya // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2014. - 8. - C. 789 - 792. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.8.12501.
Prokhorov M.M. Sotsial'nost' myshleniya i ee negatsiya // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2013. - 4. - C. 324 - 334. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2013.4.10086.
M. V. Shugurov Innovatsionnoe razvitie v sovremennom mire:
priroda i kontury disproportsiy // Politika i Obshchestvo. - 2012. - 8. - C. 37 - 52.

Review:   The subject of this research is the theory of transcendence, developed by I. Kant in his book “Metaphysics of Morals”, which presents comprehension of metaphysics and associated with it issues of freedom and unfreedom of Human of transcended ideas about the world, order, and nature of things. The initial object pointed out by the author: transcendent base of the World-system, described by I. Kant, gives a full image on God’s being as a factor of correlation and development of the transcended and transcendental relations. In the author’s opinion, this moment is most relevant for the science, because in emphasizes the fundamental role of antinomies within the presented metaphysical process. In order to cover an important for the ontology moment, the author of the article used Kant’s method of transcendentalism that expresses the essence of laws equal for everyone. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the author in fact legalizes the ontological being of God on Earth: the religion of Ancient Rome, as well as Orthodoxy serve as a background for development of this problem. The focal point of the article is that “metaphysics of morals” always exists in time and space of freedom and unfreedom, and today defines the order of things basing on the absolute identity with Israel’s Solomon era, Hellenism, and emergence of Christianity. We also can add the beginning of Vedism. The historical contribution of Kant consists in the developing of the doctrine of Human in philosophy, which allows turning our attention to the number of important problems currently existing in anthropology.  

Keywords: Human, I. Kant, Metaphysics, antinomies, science, meaning, science, World-system, logic, things

References:
Shugurov M.V. Sootnoshenie smysla i nebytiya v antropologicheskoy ontogermenevtike: kul'turo-filosofskie proektsii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2013. - 10. - C. 1353 - 1367. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.10.9473.
Oyzerman T. Kategoricheskiy imperativ Kanta kak predmet kriticheskogo analiza // Kantovskiy sbornik ¹ 1. Kaliningrad: Izd-vo RGU, 2008
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Gulyga A. Osnovnaya problema filosofii I. Kanta // Voprosy teoreticheskogo naslediya I. Kanta. Kaliningrad, 1978. Vyp. ¹ 3.
Karsavin L. O dobre i zle // Malye sochineniya. SPb.: Aleteyya, 1994.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofiya cheloveka. V 2-kh ch. Ch. 2. M.: IF RAN, 2001.
Katrechko S. Iz teksta doklada/prezentatsii na 8-kh Smirnovskikh chteniyakh – 20.06.2013.
M.: Politizdat, 1959. 4. Kant I. Metafizika nravov. M.: Mir knigi, 2008.
Puankare A. O nauke. M.: Politizdat, 1983.
Gegel' G. Soch. T.
Voronina T. Podlinnost' Prometeevoy epokhi // Vestn. Omsk. univer-ta. 2014. ¹ 1.
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Mekhed G.N. Moral' kak absolyutnyy predel razuma v etike I. Kanta // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2014. - 5. - C. 17 - 44. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2014.5.12351. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_12351.html

References (transliteration):
Shugurov M.V. Sootnoshenie smysla i nebytiya v antropologicheskoy ontogermenevtike: kul'turo-filosofskie proektsii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2013. - 10. - C. 1353 - 1367. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.10.9473.
Oyzerman T. Kategoricheskiy imperativ Kanta kak predmet kriticheskogo analiza // Kantovskiy sbornik ¹ 1. Kaliningrad: Izd-vo RGU, 2008
Kalinnikov L. Kant v russkoy filosofskoy kul'ture. Kaliningrad: Izd-vo RGU im. I. Kanta, 2005.
Kant I. Soch. T. 6. M.: Mysl', 1966.
Maler A. Transtsendental'naya teologiya Kanta // Forum molodykh kantovedov. M.: IF RAN, 2005.
Asmus V. Immanuil Kant. M.: Nauka, 1973.
Popper K. Logika i rost nauchnogo znaniya. M.: Progress, 1983.
Gulyga A. Osnovnaya problema filosofii I. Kanta // Voprosy teoreticheskogo naslediya I. Kanta. Kaliningrad, 1978. Vyp. ¹ 3.
Karsavin L. O dobre i zle // Malye sochineniya. SPb.: Aleteyya, 1994.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofiya cheloveka. V 2-kh ch. Ch. 2. M.: IF RAN, 2001.
Katrechko S. Iz teksta doklada/prezentatsii na 8-kh Smirnovskikh chteniyakh – 20.06.2013.
M.: Politizdat, 1959. 4. Kant I. Metafizika nravov. M.: Mir knigi, 2008.
Puankare A. O nauke. M.: Politizdat, 1983.
Gegel' G. Soch. T.
Voronina T. Podlinnost' Prometeevoy epokhi // Vestn. Omsk. univer-ta. 2014. ¹ 1.
Gol'bakh P. Izbrannye proizvedeniya: V 2-kh tt. T. 1 / Pod red. Kh.N. Momdzhyana. M.: Sotsekgiz, 1963.
Mekhed G.N. Moral' kak absolyutnyy predel razuma v etike I. Kanta // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2014. - 5. - C. 17 - 44. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2014.5.12351. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_12351.html

Review: The present research is devoted to the concept of human object-related identity that is based on the movement of thought through objective layers to the point of the 'non-object' as a form of objectivity 'thinning' and the 'all-in-all' relation of Self to Object. Genesis of the human self's object-related identity and culture involve development of the cultural concept based on the principles of analyzing the human self's object-related identity. The object-related identity of Self undergoes the four stages of identity formation: instrumental Self, sign-oriented Self, symbolic Self and utmost sign-oriented Self. The last transformation of Self includes the release of consciousness from being captured by Object (the 'nothing-in-all' relation) and achievement of the 'all-in-all' relation, i.e. the state of 'potential Self'. The methodological basis of the research implies the non-linear layered method that combines phenomenology, hermeneutics, substantive dialectics (Plato and Hegel) and concept analysis of human identities. The researcher views the human's object-related identity as the process of transformation through objective layers. The author's model of human Self's object-related identity gives an opportunity to carry out gnoseological, ontological and cultural hermeneutical analysis of the dialectics of consciousness and culture. The concept gives an opportunity to conduct the object-related analysis of human existence in philosophy, cultural research, social philosophy and other branches of humanities, in particular, to analyze cultural processes as well as processes of development of the human Self's object-related identity. 

Keywords: dialectics, phenomenology, hermeneutics, culture, consciousness, objectivity, human, identity, substantiality, nonlinearity

References:
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Knabe, G. S. Obraz bytovoy veshchi kak istochnik istoricheskogo poznaniya / G. S. Knabe // Veshch' v iskusstve: materialy nauchnoy konferentsii (1984).  Vyp. XVII.  M., 1986.  S. 3443.
Frank, S. L. Predmet znaniya. Dusha cheloveka / S. L. Frank. – M.: AST, 2000.  990 s.
Berdyaev, N. A. O rabstve i svobode cheloveka / N. A. Berdyaev. – M.: B-ka «Vekhi», 2001. – 569 s.
Nevelev, A. B. Stroenie personal'noy identichnosti: vozvyshenie k mnozhestvu mnogoobraziya / A. B. Nevelev // Nauchnoe obespechenie povysheniya kvalifikatsii kadrov: mezhvuzovskiy sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Vyp. 3 / pod red. D. F. Il'yasova. – Chelyabinsk: Obrazovanie, 2003 – 262 s. – S. 322.
Psikhologicheskaya entsiklopediya [elektronnyy resurs].  Zagl. s sayta. Rezhim dostupa: svobodnyy // http://mirslovarei.com/psy_i
Gogol', N. V. Mertvye dushi: poema / N. V. Gogol'. – M.: Det. lit., 1982. – 384 s.
Batay, Zh. Iz «Vnutrennego opyta» // Tanatografiya Erosa: Zhorzh Batay i frantsuzskaya mysl' serediny KhKh veka.  SPb., 1994.  338 s.
Fedotov, G. Perchatka Freddi Kryugera ili fil'my, kotorye ubivayut [elektronnyy resurs] /G. Fetodov.  Rezhim dostupa: svobodnyy. // http://anomaliy.ru/theme/354.
Fuko, M. Istoriya bezumiya v klassicheskuyu epokhu / M-SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, 1997.  576 s.
Waterman A.S. Identity development from adolescence to adulthood: An extension of theory and a review // Devel. Psychol. 1982. V. 18. N 3.  R. 341358.
Green, R. and J. Money (Eds.) / R. Green // Transsexualism and sex reassigument.  Baltimore. Md.: Johes Horkins University Press, 1969. P. 78.
Kannabikh, Yu. V. Istoriya psikhiatrii / Yu. V. Kannabikh.  M., 1994.  1002 s.
Abul'khanova-Slavskaya, K. A. Deyatel'nost' i psikhologiya lichnosti / K. A. Abul'khanova-Slavskaya. – M., 1980. – 335 s.
Karpov, A. V. Psikhologiya refleksivnykh mekhanizmov deyatel'nosti / A. V. Karpov.  M.: Izd-vo In-ta psikhologii RAN, 2004. 360 s.
Berger, P., Lukman, T. Sotsial'noe konstruirovanie real'nosti. Traktat po sotsiologii znaniya / P. Berger, T. Lukman. – M.: «Medium», 1995. – 323 s.
Spenser, G. Filosofiya i religiya. Priroda i real'nost' religii / G. Spenser.  M., 1988.  896 s.
Sepir, E. Izbrannye trudy po yazykoznaniyu i kul'turologi / E. Sepir. – M.: Progress, 1993. – 654 s.
Erikson, E. Identichnost' i neukorenennost' v nashe vremya / E. Erikson // Filosofskie nauki. – 1995. – ¹ 56. – S. 217.
Giddens, E. Uskol'zayushchiy mir. Kak globalizatsiya menyaet nashu zhizn' / E. Giddens. − M.: Ves' mir, 2004. – 508 s.
Adler, G. Lektsii po analiticheskoy psikhologii / G. Adler. – M.: Refl-book. 1996. – 282 s.
Freyd Z. Psikhologiya bessoznatel'nogo: sb. proizv. / sost., nauch. red., avt. vstup. st. M. G. Yaroshevskiy.  M.: Prosveshchenie, 1989.  860 s.
Khabermas, Yu. Modern  nezavershennyy proekt / Yu. Khadermas // Vopr. filosofii. – 1992. – ¹ 4. – S. 7889.
Sotsial'naya filosofiya: v 2 ch. Ch. 2. Gl. VIX. Osnovaniya psikhologii. Osnovnye nachala. Sotsial'naya statika / G. Spenser. – M., 1994.– 415 s.
Bodriyyar, Zh. Sistema veshchey / Zh. Bodriyyar. – M.: NORMAPRESS, 1995. – 460 s.
Delez Zh., Gvattari F. Tysyacha plato. Kapitalizm i shizofreniya / Per. s fr. i poslesl. Ya. I. Svirskogo, nauch. red. V. Yu. Kuznetsov. − Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoriya. − M.: Astrel', 2010. − 895 s.
Shchyuts, A. Struktura povsednevnogo myshleniya / A. Shchyuts. // Sotsiol. issled. − 1988. − ¹ 2. − S. 129-137.
Derrida, Zh. Globalizatsiya. Mir. Kosmopolitizm / Zh. Derrida / per. s fr. D. Ol'shanskogo // Kosmopolis.  2004.  ¹ 2 (8).  S. 125140.
Adorno, T. Negativnaya dialektika / T. Adorno. // Zagl. s sayta. [elektronnyy resurs], rezhim dostupa svobodnyy // http://www.textfighter.org/teology/Philos/Ador_Neg/filosofii_adorno_t_negativnaya_dialektika_12_dialektika.php− M.: Nauchnyy mir, 2003.
Rismen, D. Sotsial'nye problemy i dezorganizatsiya v sfere truda / D. Rismen.  M., 1961.  240 s.
Bakhtin, M. M. Chelovek v mire slova / M. M. Bakhtin.  M.: Izd-vo Ross. Otkryt. Un-ta, 1995.  677 s.
Sea, L. Filosofiya amerikanskoy istorii Sud'by amerikanskoy istorii / L. Sea. − M Nauka, 1983 − S 31-35.
Riker, P. Ya-sam kak drugoy / Per. s frants. − M.: Izdatel'stvo gumanitarnoy literatury, 2008 (frantsuzskaya filosofiya XX veka). − 416 s.
Platon. Dialogi: soch. v 4 t. / Platon. – M.: Mysl', 19901994. – T. 3. – 654 s.
Riker, P. Germenevtika. Etika. Politika / P. Riker.  M.:Akademia. 1995.  420 s.
Riker, P. Konflikt interpretatsiy / P. Riker. – M.: Kanon-Press-Ts: Kuchkovo pole, 2002. – 622s.
Gusserl', E. Fenomenologiya / E. Gusserl' // Logos. – 1992.  ¹ 1. – S. 6798.
P.S. Gurevich Fenomen identichnosti
v traktovke Polya Rikera // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 5. - C. 421 - 423. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.5.8845.
Khaydegger, M. Uchenie Platona ob istine / M. Khaydegger. // Istoriko-filosofskiy ezhegodnik. − M.: Nauka, 1986, − S. 255−275.
Khaydegger, M. Veshch' /Perevod V.V. Bibikhina. – M.: Respublika, 1993. – 447 s. [elektronnyy resurs]. // http://philosophy.ru/library/heideg/th.html»  Rezhim dostupa: svobodnyy.  Zagl. s ekrana.
Gegel', F. V. F. Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk: sobranie soch. v 6t. / F. V. F. Gegel'.  M.: Mysl', 1977. –T. 3: Filosofiya dukha.  472 s.
Ortega-i-Gasset, Kh. Esetika Filosofiya kul'tury. // Zagl. s sayta. [elektronnyy resurs], rezhim dostupa svobodnyy. //http://philosophy.ru/library/ortega/ortega_estetica.pdf
Dekart, R. Izbrannye proizvedeniya / R. Dekart. – M.: Gospolitizdat, 1950. – 712 s.
Sovremennyy filosofskiy slovar'.  SPb.: Akad. proekt, 2004.  864 s.
Aristotel'. Sochineniya: v 4t. – M.: Nauka, 1988.  T. 2. – 399 s.

References (transliteration):
Gurevich P.S. Arsenal psikhologicheskogo znaniya // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 10. - C. 921 - 925. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.10.10017.
Gurevich P.S. Dostoynaya dan' klassiku // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2013. - 11. - C. 1631 - 1639. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.11.10123.
Kuzanskiy, N. Sochineniya: v 2 t. / N. Kuzanskiy. – M., – 1980. – T. 1: Ob uchenom neznanii. – 215 s.
Norman, D. A. Dizayn privychnykh veshchey / D. A. Norman.  M.: Vil'yams 2006.  364
Fidler, L. Peresekayte rvy, zasypayte granitsy / L. Fidler // Sovremennaya zapadnaya kul'turologiya: samoubiystvo diskursa.  M., 1993.  S. 462518.
Knabe, G. S. Obraz bytovoy veshchi kak istochnik istoricheskogo poznaniya / G. S. Knabe // Veshch' v iskusstve: materialy nauchnoy konferentsii (1984).  Vyp. XVII.  M., 1986.  S. 3443.
Frank, S. L. Predmet znaniya. Dusha cheloveka / S. L. Frank. – M.: AST, 2000.  990 s.
Berdyaev, N. A. O rabstve i svobode cheloveka / N. A. Berdyaev. – M.: B-ka «Vekhi», 2001. – 569 s.
Nevelev, A. B. Stroenie personal'noy identichnosti: vozvyshenie k mnozhestvu mnogoobraziya / A. B. Nevelev // Nauchnoe obespechenie povysheniya kvalifikatsii kadrov: mezhvuzovskiy sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Vyp. 3 / pod red. D. F. Il'yasova. – Chelyabinsk: Obrazovanie, 2003 – 262 s. – S. 322.
Psikhologicheskaya entsiklopediya [elektronnyy resurs].  Zagl. s sayta. Rezhim dostupa: svobodnyy // http://mirslovarei.com/psy_i
Gogol', N. V. Mertvye dushi: poema / N. V. Gogol'. – M.: Det. lit., 1982. – 384 s.
Batay, Zh. Iz «Vnutrennego opyta» // Tanatografiya Erosa: Zhorzh Batay i frantsuzskaya mysl' serediny KhKh veka.  SPb., 1994.  338 s.
Fedotov, G. Perchatka Freddi Kryugera ili fil'my, kotorye ubivayut [elektronnyy resurs] /G. Fetodov.  Rezhim dostupa: svobodnyy. // http://anomaliy.ru/theme/354.
Fuko, M. Istoriya bezumiya v klassicheskuyu epokhu / M-SPb.: Universitetskaya kniga, 1997.  576 s.
Waterman A.S. Identity development from adolescence to adulthood: An extension of theory and a review // Devel. Psychol. 1982. V. 18. N 3.  R. 341358.
Green, R. and J. Money (Eds.) / R. Green // Transsexualism and sex reassigument.  Baltimore. Md.: Johes Horkins University Press, 1969. P. 78.
Kannabikh, Yu. V. Istoriya psikhiatrii / Yu. V. Kannabikh.  M., 1994.  1002 s.
Abul'khanova-Slavskaya, K. A. Deyatel'nost' i psikhologiya lichnosti / K. A. Abul'khanova-Slavskaya. – M., 1980. – 335 s.
Karpov, A. V. Psikhologiya refleksivnykh mekhanizmov deyatel'nosti / A. V. Karpov.  M.: Izd-vo In-ta psikhologii RAN, 2004. 360 s.
Berger, P., Lukman, T. Sotsial'noe konstruirovanie real'nosti. Traktat po sotsiologii znaniya / P. Berger, T. Lukman. – M.: «Medium», 1995. – 323 s.
Spenser, G. Filosofiya i religiya. Priroda i real'nost' religii / G. Spenser.  M., 1988.  896 s.
Sepir, E. Izbrannye trudy po yazykoznaniyu i kul'turologi / E. Sepir. – M.: Progress, 1993. – 654 s.
Erikson, E. Identichnost' i neukorenennost' v nashe vremya / E. Erikson // Filosofskie nauki. – 1995. – ¹ 56. – S. 217.
Giddens, E. Uskol'zayushchiy mir. Kak globalizatsiya menyaet nashu zhizn' / E. Giddens. − M.: Ves' mir, 2004. – 508 s.
Adler, G. Lektsii po analiticheskoy psikhologii / G. Adler. – M.: Refl-book. 1996. – 282 s.
Freyd Z. Psikhologiya bessoznatel'nogo: sb. proizv. / sost., nauch. red., avt. vstup. st. M. G. Yaroshevskiy.  M.: Prosveshchenie, 1989.  860 s.
Khabermas, Yu. Modern  nezavershennyy proekt / Yu. Khadermas // Vopr. filosofii. – 1992. – ¹ 4. – S. 7889.
Sotsial'naya filosofiya: v 2 ch. Ch. 2. Gl. VIX. Osnovaniya psikhologii. Osnovnye nachala. Sotsial'naya statika / G. Spenser. – M., 1994.– 415 s.
Bodriyyar, Zh. Sistema veshchey / Zh. Bodriyyar. – M.: NORMAPRESS, 1995. – 460 s.
Delez Zh., Gvattari F. Tysyacha plato. Kapitalizm i shizofreniya / Per. s fr. i poslesl. Ya. I. Svirskogo, nauch. red. V. Yu. Kuznetsov. − Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoriya. − M.: Astrel', 2010. − 895 s.
Shchyuts, A. Struktura povsednevnogo myshleniya / A. Shchyuts. // Sotsiol. issled. − 1988. − ¹ 2. − S. 129-137.
Derrida, Zh. Globalizatsiya. Mir. Kosmopolitizm / Zh. Derrida / per. s fr. D. Ol'shanskogo // Kosmopolis.  2004.  ¹ 2 (8).  S. 125140.
Adorno, T. Negativnaya dialektika / T. Adorno. // Zagl. s sayta. [elektronnyy resurs], rezhim dostupa svobodnyy // http://www.textfighter.org/teology/Philos/Ador_Neg/filosofii_adorno_t_negativnaya_dialektika_12_dialektika.php− M.: Nauchnyy mir, 2003.
Rismen, D. Sotsial'nye problemy i dezorganizatsiya v sfere truda / D. Rismen.  M., 1961.  240 s.
Bakhtin, M. M. Chelovek v mire slova / M. M. Bakhtin.  M.: Izd-vo Ross. Otkryt. Un-ta, 1995.  677 s.
Sea, L. Filosofiya amerikanskoy istorii Sud'by amerikanskoy istorii / L. Sea. − M Nauka, 1983 − S 31-35.
Riker, P. Ya-sam kak drugoy / Per. s frants. − M.: Izdatel'stvo gumanitarnoy literatury, 2008 (frantsuzskaya filosofiya XX veka). − 416 s.
Platon. Dialogi: soch. v 4 t. / Platon. – M.: Mysl', 19901994. – T. 3. – 654 s.
Riker, P. Germenevtika. Etika. Politika / P. Riker.  M.:Akademia. 1995.  420 s.
Riker, P. Konflikt interpretatsiy / P. Riker. – M.: Kanon-Press-Ts: Kuchkovo pole, 2002. – 622s.
Gusserl', E. Fenomenologiya / E. Gusserl' // Logos. – 1992.  ¹ 1. – S. 6798.
P.S. Gurevich Fenomen identichnosti
v traktovke Polya Rikera // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 5. - C. 421 - 423. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.5.8845.
Khaydegger, M. Uchenie Platona ob istine / M. Khaydegger. // Istoriko-filosofskiy ezhegodnik. − M.: Nauka, 1986, − S. 255−275.
Khaydegger, M. Veshch' /Perevod V.V. Bibikhina. – M.: Respublika, 1993. – 447 s. [elektronnyy resurs]. // http://philosophy.ru/library/heideg/th.html»  Rezhim dostupa: svobodnyy.  Zagl. s ekrana.
Gegel', F. V. F. Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk: sobranie soch. v 6t. / F. V. F. Gegel'.  M.: Mysl', 1977. –T. 3: Filosofiya dukha.  472 s.
Ortega-i-Gasset, Kh. Esetika Filosofiya kul'tury. // Zagl. s sayta. [elektronnyy resurs], rezhim dostupa svobodnyy. //http://philosophy.ru/library/ortega/ortega_estetica.pdf
Dekart, R. Izbrannye proizvedeniya / R. Dekart. – M.: Gospolitizdat, 1950. – 712 s.
Sovremennyy filosofskiy slovar'.  SPb.: Akad. proekt, 2004.  864 s.
Aristotel'. Sochineniya: v 4t. – M.: Nauka, 1988.  T. 2. – 399 s.

Review: The article is devoted to the research of the ontological option for creating zodiacal constellations. Special attention is paid to the formation of the octopartite (prezodiacal) and final duodecimal (zodiacal) models. The latter had been already created during the period of recorded history. In his article Kuzmin develops the concept of 'zodiacal writing' and 'existence writing'. He also touches upon the interrelationships between different zodiacal models and their role in the process of creation of the Cosmos model or so called armillary sphere. In his research Kusmin also provides evaluation of astronomy as an independent scientific and academic discipline. The researcher has used the method of the comparative analysis of sources referring to the subject of the research as well as the critical analysis of previously published Russian and foreign researches. Kuzmin has also made an attempt to re-enact the history of the creation and description of zodiacal constellations based on the critical analysis of Russian and foreign researches. Based on the results of the analysis, the author also tries to answer the question whether there could be pre-zodiacal and zodiacal models of Cosmos. The main conclusion of the article is that duodecimal Zodiac was created as a result of a stepwise process that lasted for a considerable period of time and had started in the VIth century BC. The final stage of the process was recorded during the period of recorded history. At the final stage Zodiac was also 'split' into the two inequal terms, Zodiacal constellations and Zodiacal signs. 

Keywords: ontology, world model, zodiacal model, octopartite zodiac, duodecimal zodiac, cosmos, Zoroastrianism , Zurvan religion, armillary sphere , astronomy

References:
Van-der-Varden B. Probuzhdayushchayasya nauka II. Rozhdenie astronomii. M.: Nauka, 1991.
Veselovskiy I.N. Astronomiya orfikov // Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniya i tekhniki. 1982. ¹ 2. S. 120–124.
Gurshteyn A.A. Velikie piramidy Egipta kak svyatilishcha v pamyat' rozhdeniya Zodiaka: analiz astronomicheskikh svidetel'stv // Doklady Akademii Nauk. 1996. ¹ 3. Tom 348. S. 331–335.
Gurshteyn A.A. Zodiak i istoriya evropeyskoy kul'tury // VDI ¹ 1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 153–161.
Gurshteyn A.A. Rekonstruktsiya proiskhozhdeniya zodiakal'nykh sozvezdiy // Istoriko-astronomicheskie issledovaniya. Vyp. XXIII. M.: Nauka, 1991. S. 19–63.
Drevnyaya astronomiya: nebo i chelovek. Doklady mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-metodicheskoy konferentsii. M., 1998.
Pavlenko A.N. Bytie u svoego poroga. M.: IF RAN, 1997.
Pavlenko A.N. Vozmozhnost' tekhniki. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2010.
Pavlenko A.N. Evropeyskaya kosmologiya. M.: Institut filosofii RAN – Intrada, 1997.
Pavlenko A.N. Propisi bytiya (o vremennoy sushchnosti tekhniki) // Chelovek. 2003. ¹ 5. S. 5–15.
Pavlenko A.N. Teoriya i teatr. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2006.
Ptolemey K. Al'magest / Per. I.N. Veselovskogo. M.: Nauka, Fizmatlit, 1998.
Rak I.V. Mify Drevnego i rannesrednevekovogo Irana (zoroastrizm). SPb., 1998.
Flammarion K. Istoriya neba. SPb.: Tipografiya A. Transhelya, 1875.
Chassapis C.S. Hellnikh Astronomia Tes B’ Xiliethridos P.X. Kata Togs Orfikogs Gimnos. Aphina, 1967.
Fagan C. Astrological Origins. Llewellyn, St. Paul, 1971.
Fagan C. Zodiacs Old and New. Anscombe, London, 1951.
Gurshtein A.A. On the Origin of the Zodiacal Constellations // Vistas in Astronomy. Vol. 36. Elsevier Science Ltd, 1993. P. 171–190.
Gurshtein A.A. The Evolution of the Zodiac in the Context of Ancient Oriental History // Vistas in Astronomy. Vol. 41. Elsevier Science Ltd, 1998. P. 507–525.
McIntosh Christopher. The Astrologers and their Creed. London: Arrow Books, 1969

References (transliteration):
Van-der-Varden B. Probuzhdayushchayasya nauka II. Rozhdenie astronomii. M.: Nauka, 1991.
Veselovskiy I.N. Astronomiya orfikov // Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniya i tekhniki. 1982. ¹ 2. S. 120–124.
Gurshteyn A.A. Velikie piramidy Egipta kak svyatilishcha v pamyat' rozhdeniya Zodiaka: analiz astronomicheskikh svidetel'stv // Doklady Akademii Nauk. 1996. ¹ 3. Tom 348. S. 331–335.
Gurshteyn A.A. Zodiak i istoriya evropeyskoy kul'tury // VDI ¹ 1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 153–161.
Gurshteyn A.A. Rekonstruktsiya proiskhozhdeniya zodiakal'nykh sozvezdiy // Istoriko-astronomicheskie issledovaniya. Vyp. XXIII. M.: Nauka, 1991. S. 19–63.
Drevnyaya astronomiya: nebo i chelovek. Doklady mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-metodicheskoy konferentsii. M., 1998.
Pavlenko A.N. Bytie u svoego poroga. M.: IF RAN, 1997.
Pavlenko A.N. Vozmozhnost' tekhniki. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2010.
Pavlenko A.N. Evropeyskaya kosmologiya. M.: Institut filosofii RAN – Intrada, 1997.
Pavlenko A.N. Propisi bytiya (o vremennoy sushchnosti tekhniki) // Chelovek. 2003. ¹ 5. S. 5–15.
Pavlenko A.N. Teoriya i teatr. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2006.
Ptolemey K. Al'magest / Per. I.N. Veselovskogo. M.: Nauka, Fizmatlit, 1998.
Rak I.V. Mify Drevnego i rannesrednevekovogo Irana (zoroastrizm). SPb., 1998.
Flammarion K. Istoriya neba. SPb.: Tipografiya A. Transhelya, 1875.
Chassapis C.S. Hellnikh Astronomia Tes B’ Xiliethridos P.X. Kata Togs Orfikogs Gimnos. Aphina, 1967.
Fagan C. Astrological Origins. Llewellyn, St. Paul, 1971.
Fagan C. Zodiacs Old and New. Anscombe, London, 1951.
Gurshtein A.A. On the Origin of the Zodiacal Constellations // Vistas in Astronomy. Vol. 36. Elsevier Science Ltd, 1993. P. 171–190.
Gurshtein A.A. The Evolution of the Zodiac in the Context of Ancient Oriental History // Vistas in Astronomy. Vol. 41. Elsevier Science Ltd, 1998. P. 507–525.
McIntosh Christopher. The Astrologers and their Creed. London: Arrow Books, 1969

Review: The subject of the author’s research is Dasein. On the one hand, reminiscence of Heidegger’s ideas allowed the author to use reputable researches of a famous philosopher of the twentieth century as well as a large group of his followers and researchers of his work, and, on the other hand, to avoid a direct reference to Heidegger’s texts and theorists interpreting him. The author investigated the research question 'What is Dasein in the philosophy of cosmos?',  however, he did not base solely on Heidegger’s ideas but only appealed to them. The author offered the so-called philosophy of cosmos as his own methodological structure for  discovering and understanding Dasein to the maximum extend. The author has used the dialectical, system-structural, structural-functional research methods as well as methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis. The author’s main contribution to the research of the topic was a response to the following questions: 1. “What is philosophy?”, in particular, whether philosophy is: a) a certain kind of activity that appears as a response to historical events (Marx’s understanding of philosophy) or b) questioning i.e. asking questions about Dasein and being and the search for answers to them (Heidegger’s understanding of philosophy). 2. “What methodologies should be implied to discover all the variety of the meanings of Dasein?” 3. “What is Dasein?”

Keywords: philosophy of cosmos, being, reminiscence, complication, Heidegger, complicating factors, complication causes, Dasein, philosophy, complication of existence

References:
Khaydegger M. Nitsshe i pustota / Martin Khaydegger – Moskva: Algoritm; Eksmo, 2006. – 304 s.
Bibikhin V.V. Ranniy Khaydegger: Materialy k seminaru. — M.: Institut filosofii, teologii i istorii sv. Fomy, 2009. — 536 s.
Rutkevich A. M. Ot Freyda k Khaydeggeru: Kriticheskiy ocherk ekzistentsial'nogo psikhoanaliza. – M.: Politizdat, 1985. – 175 s.
Zubkov I. F. Kurs dialekticheskogo materializma / Ivan Fedorovich Zubkov – Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Universiteta druzhby narodov im. P.Lumumby, 1990. – 259 s.
Bazaluk O. A. Mirozdanie: zhivaya i razumnaya materiya (istoriko-filosofskiy i estestvennonauchnyy analiz v svete novoy kosmologicheskoy kontseptsii): Monografiya. / Oleg Bazaluk. – Dnepropetrovsk: Porogi, 2005. – 412 s.
Prichepiy E. N. Gnoseologicheskiy analiz fenomenologicheskoy kontseptsii soznaniya Edmunda Gusserlya. Dissertatsiya na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata filosofskikh nauk. – K.: Kievskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. T.G.Shevchenko, 1969. – 192 s.
Motroshilova N. V., Solov'ev E. Yu. Ot zashchity «strogoy nauki» k utverzhdeniyu irratsionalizma (Filosofskaya evolyutsiya E. Gusserlya i nemetskiy ekzistentsializm) – «Voprosy filosofii», ¹ 5. – Moskva: Institut filosofii, 1964. – S. 92-104
Motroshilova N.V. Martin Khaydegger i Khanna Arendt: bytie-vremya-lyubov'. / Nelli Vasil'evna Motroshilova-Moskva: Akademicheskiy Proekt; Gaudeamus, 2013. — 526 s.
Gabitova R. M. Chelovek i obshchestvo v nemetskom ekzistentsializme. – M.: "Nauka", 1972. – 222 s.
Dugin A.G. Martin Khaydegger: vozmozhnost' russkoy filosofii. / Aleksandr Gel'evich Dugin-Moskva: Akademicheskiy Proekt; Gaudeamus, 2011.-500 s.
Mikhaylov I.A. Ranniy Khaydegger: Mezhdu fenomenologiey i filosofiey zhizni. – M.: "Progress-Traditsiya" / "Dom intellektual'noy knigi", 1999. – 284 s.
Molchanov V. I. Ontologiya i obosnovanie fenomenologii u Gusserlya i Khaydeggera.-Problemy ontologii v sovremennoy burzhuaznoy filosofii. / Otv. Red. T.A. Kuz'mina – Riga: Zinatie, 1988. – S. 81-100.
Khaydegger M. Khaydegger Martin / Per. s nem. S. A. Bronshteyna. – Minsk: "Sovremennoe slovo", 1998. – 384 s.
Khaydegger M. Vremya i bytie: Stat'i i vystupleniya / Martin Khaydegger / Per. s nem. – Moskva: Respublika, 1993. – 447 s.
Binsvanger L. Bytie-v-mire. Izbrannye stat'i. Ya. Nidlmen. Kriticheskoe vvedenie v ekzistentsial'nyy psikhoanaliz. – M.: "Refl-buk"; K.: "Vakler", 1999. – 336 s.
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya / Martin Khaydegger / Per. s nem. V. Bibikhina – Khar'kov: "Folio", 2003. – 503 s.
Bazaluk O. A. Ekzistentsial'no-filosofskiy analiz fenomena zhizni v zapadnoevropeyskoy filosofii kontsa KhIKh – pervoy poloviny KhKh veka / Oleg Aleksandrovich Bazaluk / Dissertatsiya na soiskanie nauchnoy stepeni doktora filosofskikh nauk. Spetsial'nost' 09.00.05 – istoriya filosofii. – Dnepropetrovsk: DNU, 2007. – 444 s.
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya / Martin Khaydegger / Per. s nem. V. Bibikhina – M.: AD MARGINEM, 1997. – 452 s.
Khaydegger M. Razgovor na proselochnoy doroge: Sbornik. / Martin Khaydegger / Per. s nem. – Moskva: Vysshaya shkola, 1991. – 192 s.
Bazaluk O. A. Teoriya evolyutsii: Ot kosmicheskogo vakuuma do neyronnykh ansambley i v budushchee: Monografiya. – Kiev: MFKO, 2014. – 312 s.
E.M. Antonova Poeticheskoe voproshanie
Martina Khaydegera // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2012. - 4. - C. 51 - 58.
E.M. Antonova Pereotsenka poeticheskogo slova.
Martin Khaydeger i «poeticheskoe myshlenie» // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2013. - 1. - C. 36 - 42. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2013.01.5.
Faritov V.T. Transtsendentsiya kak ontologicheskiy gorizont nauchnogo diskursa (filosofiya nauki M. Khaydeggera) // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2014. - 11. - C. 1 - 31. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2014.11.14186. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_14186.html
A.N. Zelinskaya Smysl zhizni
kak chelovecheskiy ekzistentsial // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 6. - C. 529 - 535. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.6.6995.
E.M. Spirova Antropologicheskiy aspekt myshleniya // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2012. - 5. - C. 38 - 49.
O.E. Baksanskiy Filosofiya, obrazovanie
i filosofiya obrazovaniya // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie. - 2012. - 2. - C. 6 - 19.

References (transliteration):
Khaydegger M. Nitsshe i pustota / Martin Khaydegger – Moskva: Algoritm; Eksmo, 2006. – 304 s.
Bibikhin V.V. Ranniy Khaydegger: Materialy k seminaru. — M.: Institut filosofii, teologii i istorii sv. Fomy, 2009. — 536 s.
Rutkevich A. M. Ot Freyda k Khaydeggeru: Kriticheskiy ocherk ekzistentsial'nogo psikhoanaliza. – M.: Politizdat, 1985. – 175 s.
Zubkov I. F. Kurs dialekticheskogo materializma / Ivan Fedorovich Zubkov – Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Universiteta druzhby narodov im. P.Lumumby, 1990. – 259 s.
Bazaluk O. A. Mirozdanie: zhivaya i razumnaya materiya (istoriko-filosofskiy i estestvennonauchnyy analiz v svete novoy kosmologicheskoy kontseptsii): Monografiya. / Oleg Bazaluk. – Dnepropetrovsk: Porogi, 2005. – 412 s.
Prichepiy E. N. Gnoseologicheskiy analiz fenomenologicheskoy kontseptsii soznaniya Edmunda Gusserlya. Dissertatsiya na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata filosofskikh nauk. – K.: Kievskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. T.G.Shevchenko, 1969. – 192 s.
Motroshilova N. V., Solov'ev E. Yu. Ot zashchity «strogoy nauki» k utverzhdeniyu irratsionalizma (Filosofskaya evolyutsiya E. Gusserlya i nemetskiy ekzistentsializm) – «Voprosy filosofii», ¹ 5. – Moskva: Institut filosofii, 1964. – S. 92-104
Motroshilova N.V. Martin Khaydegger i Khanna Arendt: bytie-vremya-lyubov'. / Nelli Vasil'evna Motroshilova-Moskva: Akademicheskiy Proekt; Gaudeamus, 2013. — 526 s.
Gabitova R. M. Chelovek i obshchestvo v nemetskom ekzistentsializme. – M.: "Nauka", 1972. – 222 s.
Dugin A.G. Martin Khaydegger: vozmozhnost' russkoy filosofii. / Aleksandr Gel'evich Dugin-Moskva: Akademicheskiy Proekt; Gaudeamus, 2011.-500 s.
Mikhaylov I.A. Ranniy Khaydegger: Mezhdu fenomenologiey i filosofiey zhizni. – M.: "Progress-Traditsiya" / "Dom intellektual'noy knigi", 1999. – 284 s.
Molchanov V. I. Ontologiya i obosnovanie fenomenologii u Gusserlya i Khaydeggera.-Problemy ontologii v sovremennoy burzhuaznoy filosofii. / Otv. Red. T.A. Kuz'mina – Riga: Zinatie, 1988. – S. 81-100.
Khaydegger M. Khaydegger Martin / Per. s nem. S. A. Bronshteyna. – Minsk: "Sovremennoe slovo", 1998. – 384 s.
Khaydegger M. Vremya i bytie: Stat'i i vystupleniya / Martin Khaydegger / Per. s nem. – Moskva: Respublika, 1993. – 447 s.
Binsvanger L. Bytie-v-mire. Izbrannye stat'i. Ya. Nidlmen. Kriticheskoe vvedenie v ekzistentsial'nyy psikhoanaliz. – M.: "Refl-buk"; K.: "Vakler", 1999. – 336 s.
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya / Martin Khaydegger / Per. s nem. V. Bibikhina – Khar'kov: "Folio", 2003. – 503 s.
Bazaluk O. A. Ekzistentsial'no-filosofskiy analiz fenomena zhizni v zapadnoevropeyskoy filosofii kontsa KhIKh – pervoy poloviny KhKh veka / Oleg Aleksandrovich Bazaluk / Dissertatsiya na soiskanie nauchnoy stepeni doktora filosofskikh nauk. Spetsial'nost' 09.00.05 – istoriya filosofii. – Dnepropetrovsk: DNU, 2007. – 444 s.
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya / Martin Khaydegger / Per. s nem. V. Bibikhina – M.: AD MARGINEM, 1997. – 452 s.
Khaydegger M. Razgovor na proselochnoy doroge: Sbornik. / Martin Khaydegger / Per. s nem. – Moskva: Vysshaya shkola, 1991. – 192 s.
Bazaluk O. A. Teoriya evolyutsii: Ot kosmicheskogo vakuuma do neyronnykh ansambley i v budushchee: Monografiya. – Kiev: MFKO, 2014. – 312 s.
E.M. Antonova Poeticheskoe voproshanie
Martina Khaydegera // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2012. - 4. - C. 51 - 58.
E.M. Antonova Pereotsenka poeticheskogo slova.
Martin Khaydeger i «poeticheskoe myshlenie» // Filologiya: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2013. - 1. - C. 36 - 42. DOI: 10.7256/2305-6177.2013.01.5.
Faritov V.T. Transtsendentsiya kak ontologicheskiy gorizont nauchnogo diskursa (filosofiya nauki M. Khaydeggera) // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2014. - 11. - C. 1 - 31. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2014.11.14186. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_14186.html
A.N. Zelinskaya Smysl zhizni
kak chelovecheskiy ekzistentsial // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2013. - 6. - C. 529 - 535. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2013.6.6995.
E.M. Spirova Antropologicheskiy aspekt myshleniya // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2012. - 5. - C. 38 - 49.
O.E. Baksanskiy Filosofiya, obrazovanie
i filosofiya obrazovaniya // Pedagogika i prosveshchenie. - 2012. - 2. - C. 6 - 19.

Review: The article is devoted to reconstructing the elements of cosmological views in the societies that had existed before philosophy was created. According to the author's hypothesis, the main elements of cosmological views of the preliterate period are illustrated with the ritual of 'sacrifising a horse'. In his article Kuzmin makes an attempt to reconstruct the history of establishment and fixation of the sacrifice ritual (base on both historical-philosophical and archeological sources) as an existential cosmological model of the Bronze Age. The author analyzes how that model was described in writing materials (the Vedas). In his research Kuzmin has used the comparative analysis of textual sources and illustrations related to the subject under research as well as the critical analysis of previously published researches by Russian and foreign scientists. Based on the analysis undertaken in this research, the author considers whether Cosmos models could exist already in the third century BC. The main conclusion of the article is that at the turn of the IVth - IIIth centuries the idea of 'Cosmos originating from the sacrifice of Heavenly Horse' was created. That idea was fixed in the symbols of Northern constellations. 

Keywords: cosmological models, constellation map, mythology, constellations, Cosmos, ontology of science, preclassical science, ritual, uranography, metauranography

References:
Arat. Yavleniya / Per. A.A. Rossiusa // Nebo, nauka, poeziya. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1992. S. 24-61.
Blomberg P. Popytka rekonstruktsii minoyskoy karty zvezdnogo neba // Astronomiya drevnikh obshchestv. M.: Nauka, 2002. S. 101.
Bogdanov K.A. Arat Soliyskiy v literaturno-filosofskoy traditsii Gretsii i Rima // Arat Soliyskiy. Yavleniya. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2000. S. 5-52.
Bruno D. Dialogi / Per. M.A. Dynnika. M., 1949.
Gening V.F., Zdanovich G.B., Gening V.V. Sintashta. Chelyabinsk: Yuzhno-Ural'skoe knizhnoe izd-vo, 1992.
Gesiod. Teogoniya. Trudy i dni. Shchit Gerakla. Fragmenty. M.: Labirint, 2001.
Gigin. Astronomiya / Per. A.I. Rubana. SPb.: Aleteyya, 1997.
Gryaznov M.P. Arzhan. Tsarskiy kurgan ranneskifskogo vremeni. L.: Nauka, 1980.
Diogen Laertskiy. O zhizni, ucheniyakh i izrecheniyakh velikikh filosofov. M.: Mysl', 1979.
Zhitomirskiy S.V. Antichnaya astronomiya i orfizm. M.: Yanus-K, 2001.
Kovtun I.V. Smyslovye plany rukoyati nozha iz Seymy // VIII istoricheskie chteniya pamyati Mikhaila Petrovicha Gryaznova (k 110-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya). Omsk, 2012. S. 106-116.
Lushnikova A.V. Model' universuma drevnikh kalendarey (lingvisticheskaya rekonstruktsiya). M.: Institut yazykoznaniya RAN, 2004.
Molodin V.I., Solov'ev A.I., Kobeleva L.S., Myl'nikova L.N. Ritual'nyy kompleks s zakhoroneniem konya rannego zheleznogo veka na pamyatnike Tartas-1 (Barabinskaya lesostep') // Arkheologo-etnograficheskie issledovaniya Severnoy Evrazii: ot artefaktov k prochteniyu proshlogo. K 80-letiyu Svetlany Vyacheslavovny Studzitskoy i Mikhaila Fedorovicha Kosareva. Tomsk: Agraf-Press, 2012. S. 154-166.
Molodtsova E.N. Estestvennonauchnye predstavleniya epokhi Ved i Upanishad // Ocherki istorii estestvennonauchnykh znaniy v drevnosti. M.: Nauka, 1982.
Pavlenko A.N. Evropeyskaya kosmologiya: osnovaniya epistemologicheskogo povorota. M.: IF RAN, Intrada, 1997.
Pavlenko A.N. Teoriya i teatr. SPb.: Izd-vo Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2006.
Potemkina T.M. Svyatilishche-observatoriya – novyy tip pamyatnika epokhi eneolita v Zaural'e // Nauchnyy seminar «Problemy izucheniya dukhovnoy kul'tury drevnikh obshchestv», 12-16 aprelya 1994 g. Ekaterinburg, 1994. S. 85-90.
Potemkina T.M. Eneoliticheskie krugloplanovye svyatilishcha Zaural'ya v sisteme skhodnykh kul'tur i modeley stepnoy Evrazii // Mirovozzrenie drevnego naseleniya Evrazii / Otv. red. M.A. Devlet. M.: TOO “Staryy sad”, 2001. S. 166-256.
Ptolemey K. Al'magest / Per. I.N. Veselovskogo. M.: Nauka, Fizmatlit, 1998.
Eliade M. Kosmos i istoriya. M.: Progress, 1987.
Blomberg P. An attempt to reconstruct the Minoan star map // Astronomiya drevnikh obshchestv. M.: Nauka, 2002. S. 93-101.
Gimbutas M. The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe, 6500–3500 B.C.: Myths and Cult Images. Berkeley: Los Angeles S.a.: University of California Press, 1982.
Gurshtein A.A. Prehistory of Zodiac Dating: Three Stata of Upper Paleolithic Constellations // Vistas in Astronomy. Vol. 39. Elsevier Science Ltd, 1995. P. 347-362.
Gurshtein A.A. The Evolution of the Zodiac in the Context of Ancient Oriental History // Vistas in Astronomy. Vol. 41. Elsevier Science Ltd, 1998. P. 507-525.
Gurshtein A.A. Did the Pre-Indo-Europeans Influence the Formation of the Western Zodiac? // The Journal of Indo-European Studies. Volume 33. ¹ 1&2. Spring / Summer 2005. P. 103-150
Zhitomirsky S. Aratus’ “Phaenomena”: Dating and Analysing its Primary Source // Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions. Vol. 17. 1999. P. 483-500
Maydanov A.S. Kosmos v zerkale mifologii i nauki // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. - 2012. - 2. - C. 1 - 52. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_66.html

References (transliteration):
Arat. Yavleniya / Per. A.A. Rossiusa // Nebo, nauka, poeziya. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1992. S. 24-61.
Blomberg P. Popytka rekonstruktsii minoyskoy karty zvezdnogo neba // Astronomiya drevnikh obshchestv. M.: Nauka, 2002. S. 101.
Bogdanov K.A. Arat Soliyskiy v literaturno-filosofskoy traditsii Gretsii i Rima // Arat Soliyskiy. Yavleniya. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2000. S. 5-52.
Bruno D. Dialogi / Per. M.A. Dynnika. M., 1949.
Gening V.F., Zdanovich G.B., Gening V.V. Sintashta. Chelyabinsk: Yuzhno-Ural'skoe knizhnoe izd-vo, 1992.
Gesiod. Teogoniya. Trudy i dni. Shchit Gerakla. Fragmenty. M.: Labirint, 2001.
Gigin. Astronomiya / Per. A.I. Rubana. SPb.: Aleteyya, 1997.
Gryaznov M.P. Arzhan. Tsarskiy kurgan ranneskifskogo vremeni. L.: Nauka, 1980.
Diogen Laertskiy. O zhizni, ucheniyakh i izrecheniyakh velikikh filosofov. M.: Mysl', 1979.
Zhitomirskiy S.V. Antichnaya astronomiya i orfizm. M.: Yanus-K, 2001.
Kovtun I.V. Smyslovye plany rukoyati nozha iz Seymy // VIII istoricheskie chteniya pamyati Mikhaila Petrovicha Gryaznova (k 110-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya). Omsk, 2012. S. 106-116.
Lushnikova A.V. Model' universuma drevnikh kalendarey (lingvisticheskaya rekonstruktsiya). M.: Institut yazykoznaniya RAN, 2004.
Molodin V.I., Solov'ev A.I., Kobeleva L.S., Myl'nikova L.N. Ritual'nyy kompleks s zakhoroneniem konya rannego zheleznogo veka na pamyatnike Tartas-1 (Barabinskaya lesostep') // Arkheologo-etnograficheskie issledovaniya Severnoy Evrazii: ot artefaktov k prochteniyu proshlogo. K 80-letiyu Svetlany Vyacheslavovny Studzitskoy i Mikhaila Fedorovicha Kosareva. Tomsk: Agraf-Press, 2012. S. 154-166.
Molodtsova E.N. Estestvennonauchnye predstavleniya epokhi Ved i Upanishad // Ocherki istorii estestvennonauchnykh znaniy v drevnosti. M.: Nauka, 1982.
Pavlenko A.N. Evropeyskaya kosmologiya: osnovaniya epistemologicheskogo povorota. M.: IF RAN, Intrada, 1997.
Pavlenko A.N. Teoriya i teatr. SPb.: Izd-vo Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2006.
Potemkina T.M. Svyatilishche-observatoriya – novyy tip pamyatnika epokhi eneolita v Zaural'e // Nauchnyy seminar «Problemy izucheniya dukhovnoy kul'tury drevnikh obshchestv», 12-16 aprelya 1994 g. Ekaterinburg, 1994. S. 85-90.
Potemkina T.M. Eneoliticheskie krugloplanovye svyatilishcha Zaural'ya v sisteme skhodnykh kul'tur i modeley stepnoy Evrazii // Mirovozzrenie drevnego naseleniya Evrazii / Otv. red. M.A. Devlet. M.: TOO “Staryy sad”, 2001. S. 166-256.
Ptolemey K. Al'magest / Per. I.N. Veselovskogo. M.: Nauka, Fizmatlit, 1998.
Eliade M. Kosmos i istoriya. M.: Progress, 1987.
Blomberg P. An attempt to reconstruct the Minoan star map // Astronomiya drevnikh obshchestv. M.: Nauka, 2002. S. 93-101.
Gimbutas M. The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe, 6500–3500 B.C.: Myths and Cult Images. Berkeley: Los Angeles S.a.: University of California Press, 1982.
Gurshtein A.A. Prehistory of Zodiac Dating: Three Stata of Upper Paleolithic Constellations // Vistas in Astronomy. Vol. 39. Elsevier Science Ltd, 1995. P. 347-362.
Gurshtein A.A. The Evolution of the Zodiac in the Context of Ancient Oriental History // Vistas in Astronomy. Vol. 41. Elsevier Science Ltd, 1998. P. 507-525.
Gurshtein A.A. Did the Pre-Indo-Europeans Influence the Formation of the Western Zodiac? // The Journal of Indo-European Studies. Volume 33. ¹ 1&2. Spring / Summer 2005. P. 103-150
Zhitomirsky S. Aratus’ “Phaenomena”: Dating and Analysing its Primary Source // Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions. Vol. 17. 1999. P. 483-500
Maydanov A.S. Kosmos v zerkale mifologii i nauki // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. - 2012. - 2. - C. 1 - 52. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_66.html

Review: The subject of the study is the philosophical theory of discourse in terms of the conceptual development of Friedrich Nietzsche's ideas. The author examines the relationship between perspectivism of the German philosopher and such concepts of modern ontology as discourse and transgression. The article makes explicit the ontological meaning of the concept of discourse. In particular, the author studies the role and place of transcendence and transgression prospects in the discourse. Much attention is paid to the interpretation of the basic teachings of Nietzsche (the will to power, the superman and morality) from the perspective of the contemporary philosophical discourse theory. The author has used the set of methods developed by non-classical philosophy and social sciences and humanities. The author has also used several methodological provisions of hermeneutical and poststructuralist approaches. The main result of the study is the explication of the relationship between the contemporary philosophical discourse theory and the conceptual development of Friedrich Nietzsche's ideas. The author demonstrates that there is a certain relation between the concept of discourse an perspectivism of Nietzsche. The author also identifies the specific role of the phenomenon of transgression in the theory of discourse and in the teachings of Friedrich Nietzsche. The concepts of discourse and transgression are being presented as ontological phenomena.

Keywords: transgression, transcendence, perspective, Nietzsche, perspectivism, discourse, metadiscourse, will to power, superman, way of being

References:
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Laclau E., Mouffe C. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. Towards a Radical Democratic Politics London: Verso, 2001.
Kasavin I.T. Tekst. Diskurs. Kontekst. Vvedenie v sotsial'nuyu epistemologiyu yazyka / I.T. Kasavin. – M.: Kanon+, 2008.
Markov B.V. Znaki bytiya / B.V. Markov. – SPb.: Nauka, 2001.
Yorgensen M.V. Diskurs-analiz. Teoriya i metod / M.V. Yorgensen, L. Fillips. – Khar'kov: Gumanitarnyy tsentr, 2008.

References (transliteration):
Faritov V.T. Transgressiya i transtsendentsiya kak perspektivy vremeni i bytiya v filosofii M. Khaydeggera i F. Nitsshe // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2014. - 8. - C. 1 - 24. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2014.8.13371. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_13371.html
Faritov V.T. Nauchnoe tvorchestvo kak transgressivnyy fenomen // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2014. - 10. - C. 1416 - 1422. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2014.10.10415.
Podoroga V. Vyrazhenie i smysl. Landshaftnye miry filosofii: Seren Kirkegor, Fridrikh Nitsshe, Martin Khaydegger, Marsel' Prust, Frants Kafka / V. Podoroga. M.: Ad Marginem, 1995.
Faritov V.T. Diskurs i transgressiya. Perspektivy ontologicheskogo issledovaniya // Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2015. - 3. - C. 1 - 9. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2015.3.14919. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_14919.html
Nitsshe F. Tak govoril Zaratustra. Kniga dlya vsekh i ni dlya kogo // Nitsshe F. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 4: Tak govoril Zaratustra. Kniga dlya vsekh i ni dlya kogo / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2007.
Nitsshe F. Veselaya nauka (la gaya scienza) // Nitsshe F. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh. T. 3: Utrennyaya zarya. Messinskie idillii. Veselaya nauka / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2014.
Dem'yankov V.Z. Anglo-russkie terminy po prikladnoy lingvistike i avtomaticheskoy pererabotke teksta // Vsesoyuznyy tsentr perevodov. Tetradi novykh terminov, 39. – M.: INION RAN, 1982.
Delez Zh. Nitsshe i filosofiya / Zh. Delez. – M.: Ad Marginem, 2003.
Nitsshe F. Chernoviki i nabroski 1887-1889 gg. // Nitsshe F. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy v 13 tomakh. T. 13. / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2006.
Gran'e Zh. Nitsshe / Zh. Gran'e. – M.: ACT: Astrel', 2005.
Danto A. Nitsshe kak filosof / A. Danto. – M.: Ideya-priss, Dom intellektual'noy knigi, 2000.
Faritov V.T. Ontologicheskiy status fenomena diskursa // Epistemologiya i filosofiya nauki. – 2014.-¹ 1. – S. 124.-136.
Fuko M. Arkheologiya znaniya / M. Fuko. – Kiev: Nika-Tsentr, 1996.
Torfing, J. Discourse Theory: Achievements, Arguments and Challengens // Discourse Theory in European Politics: Identity, Policy and Governance / Ed. by D. Howarth, J. Torfing. Houndmills, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
Laclau E., Mouffe C. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. Towards a Radical Democratic Politics London: Verso, 2001.
Kasavin I.T. Tekst. Diskurs. Kontekst. Vvedenie v sotsial'nuyu epistemologiyu yazyka / I.T. Kasavin. – M.: Kanon+, 2008.
Markov B.V. Znaki bytiya / B.V. Markov. – SPb.: Nauka, 2001.
Yorgensen M.V. Diskurs-analiz. Teoriya i metod / M.V. Yorgensen, L. Fillips. – Khar'kov: Gumanitarnyy tsentr, 2008.

Review: In his article Reznik investigates the possibilities of human to design the world and build a world-project. Subjectivist philosophers put human being in the center of the world view and stress out the dominant position of human in the world. However, such an interpretation has not always been normative. There is also an objectivist view on the human-world interaction. Within the existentialist tradition the world 'unfolds' from human being and is understood as a projection of his/her being. Yet the author underlines that we should not interpret this idea literally. It is the human himself/herself that gives birth to the world. Without the active role of the human the world becomes estranged and feels like an imposed form of existence which restricts human creative abilities. Martin Heidegger insists on the human being's pertaining to the world. This means that human longs to feel at home everywhere in the world, to fulfill his/her own opportunity and to become the 'being' himself/herself . The human being is the one who transfers his/her being-in–the-world into a project and vests it with existential features.  The research method used by the author is based on the ontological premises of existentialism. The human and the world are analyzed by the author as a project of co-being, in which the contours of their future unification are traced. The human being is not opposed to the world and not regarded as its separate part. He/she has a capacity of world-creation and hence, can act as a being proportionate to the world. In everyday life he/she is what he/she is occupied with. Yet the human being develops his/her identity as a result of his/her unity with the world. The main result of the research is an ontological synthesis to which the author comes through the analysis of the interactions between the human being and the world. The author regards the world in two aspects: as a “what-ness” of human being and as an accentuation of his/her ”who-ness”. In the first case the world acts as a form of human existence and a way of reaching a transcendental state. It is consequentially cognized as a multiple being or a universe of being (ontical dimension) and as a universal in being (ontological dimension). At the same time there are the spatial and pragmatic dimensions of being-in-the-world: the human being does not only exost in the being-here-and-now, but can also treat the world as a useful material. In the second case it is the who-ness of being that comes forward and defines the subjective capabilities of the human being to rebuild the world for himself/herself, making his/her presence in the world fundamental. It is always his/her own liberated being, the' being-for-oneself'.The author comes to the conclusion that in order to define one’s model of interaction with the world it is necessary to build a project of coexistence with this world and thus broaden one’s creative capacities.

Keywords: what-being, presence, world, being, pertaining to the world, human being, world creation, who-being, existence, capability

References:
Khaydegger M. Osnovnye ponyatiya metafiziki. Mir – konechnost' – odinochestvo / Per. s nem. V.V. Bibikhina, A.V. Akhutina, A.P. Shurbeleva. – SPb.: «Vladimir Dal'», 2013. – 446 s.
Khaydegger M. Prolegomeny k istorii ponyatiya vremeni. – Tomsk: Izd-vo «Vodoley», 1998. – 384 s
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya / Per. V.V. Bibikhina. – M., 1997. – 452 s.
Sartr Zh.-P. Bytie i nichto: Opyt fenomenologicheskoy ontologii / Per. s fr. V.I. Kolyadko. – M.: Respublika, 2000. – 639 s.
Filosofskiy slovar': Osnovan G. Shmidtom. – M.: Respublika, 2003. – 575 c.
Marsel' G. Opyt konkretnoy filosofii. – M., 2004. – .
Vizgin V.P. Mir // Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya. V 4 t. T.2 – M.: Mysl', 2001. – S. 576.

References (transliteration):
Khaydegger M. Osnovnye ponyatiya metafiziki. Mir – konechnost' – odinochestvo / Per. s nem. V.V. Bibikhina, A.V. Akhutina, A.P. Shurbeleva. – SPb.: «Vladimir Dal'», 2013. – 446 s.
Khaydegger M. Prolegomeny k istorii ponyatiya vremeni. – Tomsk: Izd-vo «Vodoley», 1998. – 384 s
Khaydegger M. Bytie i vremya / Per. V.V. Bibikhina. – M., 1997. – 452 s.
Sartr Zh.-P. Bytie i nichto: Opyt fenomenologicheskoy ontologii / Per. s fr. V.I. Kolyadko. – M.: Respublika, 2000. – 639 s.
Filosofskiy slovar': Osnovan G. Shmidtom. – M.: Respublika, 2003. – 575 c.
Marsel' G. Opyt konkretnoy filosofii. – M., 2004. – .
Vizgin V.P. Mir // Novaya filosofskaya entsiklopediya. V 4 t. T.2 – M.: Mysl', 2001. – S. 576.

Review: The article is devoted to the research of the ontological possibility of early models of Cosmos. Special attention is paid to the very first model that was created at the epoch 'when the myth reigned' as well as the beginnings of the zodiacal model. In addition, the researcher analyzes the relationship between'new' and 'old' models of Cosmos and whether the initial model (neither 'new' nor 'old' but 'zero' or 'having no precedents' model). In his article Kuzmin also analyzes the definition of metacosmography and ontological possibility of the constellation map at different epochs. In his research Kuzmin has used the comparative analysis of archeological and historical sources that relate to the studied period as well as the comparative analysis of previous both Russian and foreign researches. The researcher attempts to reconstruct early (preliterate) models of Cosmos based on the author's interpretation of published archeological records and critical analysis of prior Russian and foreign researches. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, the researcher offers a new ontological model lof the initial (i.e. 'having no precedents') cosmological model and the first solar-horizon (protozodiacal) model. The main conclusion of the research is that there were self-sufficient semiotic systems of mythologems and signs in the Mesolithic and proto-Neolithic culture and those systems were used to describe the main regularly repeating sequences of celestial events. The latter created the basis not only for early calendars but also for cosmological models. 

Keywords: ontology, world (universe) model, lunar model, Cosmos, solar model, zodiacal model, myth, world order, cosmology, constellation

References:
E.V. Alekhina Chelovek-v-mire: russkie religioznye filosofy o smysle mirovogo bytiya. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2011.-2.-C. 30-41.
S.V. Kornev Uchenie Platona o vozniknovenii mira // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2012.-1.-C. 6-22.
A.G. Donskoy Modeli vseedinogo universuma v filosofskom, nauchnom i misticheskom soznanii XX-go stoletiya // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2011.-12.-C. 95-98.
V.L. Zhdanov K voprosu o stanovlenii russkogo kosmizma // Pravo i politika.-2013.-2.-C. 260-265. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.02.15.
Marshack A. The Roots of Civilization. N.Y., 1972.
Marshack A. The Roots of Civilization: the Cognitiv Beginnings of Man’s First Art, Symbol and Notation. Mont Kisco – N.Y., 1991
Gurshtein A.A. Did the Pre-Indo-Europeans Influence the Formation of the Western Zodiac? // The Journal of Indo-European Studies. Vol. 33. Num. 1&2, Spring/Summer 2005. P. 103-150.
Frolov B.A. Chisla v grafike paleolita. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1974.
Gurshtein A.A. Prehistory of Zodiac Dating: Three Stata of Upper Paleolithic Constellations // Vistas in Astronomy. Vol. 39. Elsevier Science Ltd, 1995. P. 347-362.
Flammarion K. Istoriya neba. SPb.: Tipografiya A. Transhelya, 1875.
Toporov V.N. Kosmogonicheskie mify // Mify narodov mira. T. 2. M.: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1988.
Raevskiy D.S. Istoriya Zodiaka: fakty, gipotezy, rekonstruktsii // VDI ¹1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 193-199.
Ptolemey K. Al'magest / Per. I.N. Veselovskogo. M.: Nauka. Fizmatlit, 1998.
Pershits R.I., Mongayt A.L., Alekseev V.P. Istoriya pervobytnogo obshchestva. M., 1968.
Potemkina T.M. Svyatilishche-observatoriya – novyy tip pamyatnika epokhi eneolita v Zaural'e // Nauchnyy seminar “Problemy izucheniya dukhovnoy kul'tury drevnikh obshchestv”, 12-16 aprelya 1994 g. Ekaterinburg, 1994. S. 85-90.
Pavlenko A.N. Vozmozhnost' tekhniki. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2010.
Lushnikova A.V. Model' universuma drevnikh kalendarey (lingvisticheskaya rekonstruktsiya). M.: Institut yazykoznaniya RAN, 2004.
Kyzlasov I.L. Istoriya Zodiaka: obshchie podkhody i problemy // VDI ¹1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 161-164.
Lushnikova A. Rannie predstavleniya o Bol'shoy Medveditse u narodov Evrazii // Astronomiya drevnikh obshchestv. M.: Nauka. 2002. S. 254-261.
Kurtik G.E. Istoriya Zodiaka soglasno klinopisnym istochnikam // VDI ¹1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 178-188.
Kuz'min A.V. Sozvezdiya. Ritual. Ekzistentsial'nyy Kosmos // Vestnik RUDN. 2013. ¹ 4. S. 25-34.
Kopernik N. O vrashcheniyakh nebesnykh sfer. M.: Nauka, 1964.
Kopernik N. Malyy kommentariy otnositel'no ustanovlennykh im gipotez o nebesnykh dvizheniyakh // Kopernik N. O vrashcheniyakh nebesnykh sfer. M.: Nauka, 1964. S. 417-430.
Zamyatin D.N. Metafizika puteshestviya // Chelovek ¹1. M.: Nauka, 2014. S. 5-17.
Gurshteyn A.A. Zodiak i istoriya evropeyskoy kul'tury // VDI ¹ 1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 153-161.
Gurshteyn A.A. Rekonstruktsiya proiskhozhdeniya zodiakal'nykh sozvezdiy // Istoriko-astronomicheskie issledovaniya. Vyp. XXIII. M.: Nauka, 1991. S. 19-63.
Gigin. Astronomiya / Per. A.I. Rubana. SPb.: Aleteyya, 1997.
Gulyaev A.P. Astrometriya Zodiakal'nykh sozvezdiy // VDI ¹1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 166-169.
Bibliya. Izdanie Moskovskoy Patriarkhii. M., 1988.
Gamkrelidze T.V., Ivanov V.V. Indoevropeyskiy yazyk i indoevropeytsy. Tbilisi, 1984.
Arat. Yavleniya / Per. A.A. Rossiusa // Nebo, nauka, poeziya. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1992. S. 24-61.
A.S. Maydanov Ustroystvo Vselennoy soglasno indiyskim vedam // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2012.-10.-C. 58-69.

References (transliteration):
E.V. Alekhina Chelovek-v-mire: russkie religioznye filosofy o smysle mirovogo bytiya. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2011.-2.-C. 30-41.
S.V. Kornev Uchenie Platona o vozniknovenii mira // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2012.-1.-C. 6-22.
A.G. Donskoy Modeli vseedinogo universuma v filosofskom, nauchnom i misticheskom soznanii XX-go stoletiya // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2011.-12.-C. 95-98.
V.L. Zhdanov K voprosu o stanovlenii russkogo kosmizma // Pravo i politika.-2013.-2.-C. 260-265. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.02.15.
Marshack A. The Roots of Civilization. N.Y., 1972.
Marshack A. The Roots of Civilization: the Cognitiv Beginnings of Man’s First Art, Symbol and Notation. Mont Kisco – N.Y., 1991
Gurshtein A.A. Did the Pre-Indo-Europeans Influence the Formation of the Western Zodiac? // The Journal of Indo-European Studies. Vol. 33. Num. 1&2, Spring/Summer 2005. P. 103-150.
Frolov B.A. Chisla v grafike paleolita. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1974.
Gurshtein A.A. Prehistory of Zodiac Dating: Three Stata of Upper Paleolithic Constellations // Vistas in Astronomy. Vol. 39. Elsevier Science Ltd, 1995. P. 347-362.
Flammarion K. Istoriya neba. SPb.: Tipografiya A. Transhelya, 1875.
Toporov V.N. Kosmogonicheskie mify // Mify narodov mira. T. 2. M.: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1988.
Raevskiy D.S. Istoriya Zodiaka: fakty, gipotezy, rekonstruktsii // VDI ¹1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 193-199.
Ptolemey K. Al'magest / Per. I.N. Veselovskogo. M.: Nauka. Fizmatlit, 1998.
Pershits R.I., Mongayt A.L., Alekseev V.P. Istoriya pervobytnogo obshchestva. M., 1968.
Potemkina T.M. Svyatilishche-observatoriya – novyy tip pamyatnika epokhi eneolita v Zaural'e // Nauchnyy seminar “Problemy izucheniya dukhovnoy kul'tury drevnikh obshchestv”, 12-16 aprelya 1994 g. Ekaterinburg, 1994. S. 85-90.
Pavlenko A.N. Vozmozhnost' tekhniki. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2010.
Lushnikova A.V. Model' universuma drevnikh kalendarey (lingvisticheskaya rekonstruktsiya). M.: Institut yazykoznaniya RAN, 2004.
Kyzlasov I.L. Istoriya Zodiaka: obshchie podkhody i problemy // VDI ¹1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 161-164.
Lushnikova A. Rannie predstavleniya o Bol'shoy Medveditse u narodov Evrazii // Astronomiya drevnikh obshchestv. M.: Nauka. 2002. S. 254-261.
Kurtik G.E. Istoriya Zodiaka soglasno klinopisnym istochnikam // VDI ¹1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 178-188.
Kuz'min A.V. Sozvezdiya. Ritual. Ekzistentsial'nyy Kosmos // Vestnik RUDN. 2013. ¹ 4. S. 25-34.
Kopernik N. O vrashcheniyakh nebesnykh sfer. M.: Nauka, 1964.
Kopernik N. Malyy kommentariy otnositel'no ustanovlennykh im gipotez o nebesnykh dvizheniyakh // Kopernik N. O vrashcheniyakh nebesnykh sfer. M.: Nauka, 1964. S. 417-430.
Zamyatin D.N. Metafizika puteshestviya // Chelovek ¹1. M.: Nauka, 2014. S. 5-17.
Gurshteyn A.A. Zodiak i istoriya evropeyskoy kul'tury // VDI ¹ 1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 153-161.
Gurshteyn A.A. Rekonstruktsiya proiskhozhdeniya zodiakal'nykh sozvezdiy // Istoriko-astronomicheskie issledovaniya. Vyp. XXIII. M.: Nauka, 1991. S. 19-63.
Gigin. Astronomiya / Per. A.I. Rubana. SPb.: Aleteyya, 1997.
Gulyaev A.P. Astrometriya Zodiakal'nykh sozvezdiy // VDI ¹1. M.: Nauka, 1995. S. 166-169.
Bibliya. Izdanie Moskovskoy Patriarkhii. M., 1988.
Gamkrelidze T.V., Ivanov V.V. Indoevropeyskiy yazyk i indoevropeytsy. Tbilisi, 1984.
Arat. Yavleniya / Per. A.A. Rossiusa // Nebo, nauka, poeziya. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1992. S. 24-61.
A.S. Maydanov Ustroystvo Vselennoy soglasno indiyskim vedam // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2012.-10.-C. 58-69.

Review: The objective of the present research is to describe a specific transgressive mode of the existence of the subject and consciousness. In order to achieve the objective, it is necessary to deconstrut the Cartesian subject and transcedental concept of consciousness. It is also necessary to express the constructive nature of the self-identical subject and universal consciousness not to show their falsehood but to open possibilities essentially of other configurations of subjectivity. Transcendentalism has to be exposed in the claim on universality and presented as one of the modes of the life of a subjectification existing along with others. Along with the traditional methods of ontologic research some methodological principles and ideas of structuralism, deconstruction and post-structuralism are used. The result of the research is the general description of the transgressive mode of subjectification as an alternative way of the existence of the subject and consciousness. In the transcedental mode the subject and consciousness are constituted as a self-identical unity with one center. In the transgressive mode subjectivity is revealed as an open and mobile configuration of a set of heterogeneous existence-semantic prospects.

Keywords: plurality, unity, prospect, perspective, meaning-making, transgression, transcendence, subjectification mode, consciousness, subject, neutralization, elimination

References:
Gurevich P.S.. Zlo protiv dobra. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-¹ 12.-C. 1655-1659. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.12.10162.
A.N. Mochkin. Labirint nigilisticheskoy revolyutsii F. Nitsshe. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-¹ 6.-C. 766-775. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.6.7652
Levit L.Z.. «Volya k zhizni» A. Shopengauera i lichnostno-orientirovannaya kontseptsiya schast'ya: nedostayushchie zven'ya. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-¹ 11.-C. 1574-1581. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.11.7218.
T.M. Ryabushkina Samorefleksiya sub'ekta poznaniya // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-7.-C. 985-995. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.7.6803.
Laclau, Mouffe, 2001 – Laclau E., Mouffe C. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. Towards a Radical Democratic Politics. London, 2001.
Shchuplenkov N.O., Shchuplenkov O.V. Sub'ektnost' kak integral'naya psikho-filosofskaya kharakteristika cheloveka // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika.-2013.-9.-C. 51-82. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_10671.html
Yakovlev V.A. Informatsionnoe edinstvo bytiya: soznanie, zhizn', materiya // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-10.-C. 1-57. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_8920.html
Shilovskaya N.S. Chelovek kak sub'ekt, bytie i bytie sub'ekta v istorii i sovremennosti // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2012.-1.-C. 171-203. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2012.1.88. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_88.html
Shopengauer, A. Mir kak volya i predstavlenie / A. Shopengauer. – Minsk: Popurri, 1998.
Yung, K.G. Psikhologicheskie tipy / K.G. Yung. – M.: Universitetskaya kniga, AST, 1998.
Nitsshe, F. Volya k vlasti / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Eksmo; Khar'kov: Folio, 2003.
Ryabushkina, T.M. Samorefleksiya sub'ekta poznaniya / Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-¹ 7.
Fuko, M. Intellektualy i vlast', T.3 / M. Fuko. – M.: Praksiis, 2006.
Khaydegger, M. Bytie i vremya / M. Khaydegger. – Khar'kov: Folio, 2003.
Belyy, A. Dusha samosoznayushchaya / A. Belyy. – M.: Kanon+, 1999.
Isaev, I.A. Gospodstvo: Ocherki politicheskoy filosofii / I.A. Isaev. – M.: Norma, 2008.
Bakhtin, M. Avtor i geroy: k filosofskim osnovam gumanitarnykh nauk / M. Bakhtin. – SPb.: Azbuka, 2000.
Bart, R. Izbrannye raboty: Semiotika. Poetika / R. Bart – M.: Nasledie, 1994.
Batay, Zh. Psikhologicheskaya struktura fashizma / Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. – 1995. – ¹ 13.

References (transliteration):
Gurevich P.S.. Zlo protiv dobra. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-¹ 12.-C. 1655-1659. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.12.10162.
A.N. Mochkin. Labirint nigilisticheskoy revolyutsii F. Nitsshe. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-¹ 6.-C. 766-775. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.6.7652
Levit L.Z.. «Volya k zhizni» A. Shopengauera i lichnostno-orientirovannaya kontseptsiya schast'ya: nedostayushchie zven'ya. // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-¹ 11.-C. 1574-1581. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.11.7218.
T.M. Ryabushkina Samorefleksiya sub'ekta poznaniya // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-7.-C. 985-995. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.7.6803.
Laclau, Mouffe, 2001 – Laclau E., Mouffe C. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. Towards a Radical Democratic Politics. London, 2001.
Shchuplenkov N.O., Shchuplenkov O.V. Sub'ektnost' kak integral'naya psikho-filosofskaya kharakteristika cheloveka // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika.-2013.-9.-C. 51-82. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/psp/article_10671.html
Yakovlev V.A. Informatsionnoe edinstvo bytiya: soznanie, zhizn', materiya // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-10.-C. 1-57. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_8920.html
Shilovskaya N.S. Chelovek kak sub'ekt, bytie i bytie sub'ekta v istorii i sovremennosti // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2012.-1.-C. 171-203. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2012.1.88. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_88.html
Shopengauer, A. Mir kak volya i predstavlenie / A. Shopengauer. – Minsk: Popurri, 1998.
Yung, K.G. Psikhologicheskie tipy / K.G. Yung. – M.: Universitetskaya kniga, AST, 1998.
Nitsshe, F. Volya k vlasti / F. Nitsshe. – M.: Eksmo; Khar'kov: Folio, 2003.
Ryabushkina, T.M. Samorefleksiya sub'ekta poznaniya / Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-¹ 7.
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Review: The article is devoted to the theoretical issues related to the phenomenon of ontological argumentation in the Middle Ages and Modern Times. The author of the article tries to find a unified form of the ontological argument that would be a general form for all historical variants of ontological argumentation. The author also offers a classification of different approaches to the problem and describes the main conceptual disagreements between supporters and detractors of ontological argumentation. The author also focuses on the origin of the ontological concept of God as the central element of ontological argumentation and its relationship with a posteriori argument of God's existence. The main references were the works of the medieval and new European authors as well as contemporary Russian and foreign researchers. Conclusions: 
1. The author finds a unified form of the ontological argument and describes the main properties of ontological argumentation. 
2. Different historical forms of ontological argument critics have been classified as the eight main types. 
3. The author defines important conceptua grounds for supporting and critisizing the ontologica argument in terms of mind and being, thought and reality. 
4. The author has analyzed the ontologica definition of God, proved that that definition was rational and discovered the sources of that concept in ancient philosophy as wel as works written by the aforesaid authors. 
 
 

Keywords: ontological argument, God, Middle Ages, New Times, theology, metaphysics, Anselm of Canterbury , Descartes, Kant, evidence of God's existence

References:
Prokhorov M.M. Atributivnoe opredelenie bytiya: tret'ya istoricheskaya forma protivopolozhnosti dialektiki i metafiziki // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2012.-5.-C. 1-100. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2012.5.244. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_244.html
V.A. Kutyrev Rekonstruktsiya cheloveka. Chast' 2 // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2010.-3.-C. 19-34.
S.V. Sretenskaya O fenomene ponimaniya // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2010.-7.-C. 31-37.
V.A. Kutyrev Rekonstruktsiya cheloveka // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2010.-1.-C. 61-66.
Yakovlev V.A. Stanovlenie novoevropeyskoy nauki: antichnaya metafizika i khristianskie tsennosti // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-5.-C. 244-308. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_537.html
N. Fisher O budushchem metafiziki i voprosa o Boge soglasno Immanuilu Kantu (s ekskursami v kritiku metafiziki Martina Khaydeggera) (prodolzhenie) (perevod I.V. Kirsberga) // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-7.-C. 951-966. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.7.7585.
N. Fisher Kantovskaya vseob'emlyushchaya sistema filosofski obosnovannoy teologii (perevod I.V. Kirsberga) // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-3.-C. 325-336. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.03.6.
Parkhomenko R.N. Genezis idei svobody v zapadnoevropeyskoy filosofii // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2012.-4.-C. 179-210. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2012.4.146. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_146.html
Enders M. Myshlenie o neprevzoydennom: dvoynaya normativnost' ontologicheskogo ponyatiya Boga // Filosofiya religii: Al'manakh 2008–09. – Moskva, 2010. – S. 258-298.
Fisher K. Istoriya novoy filosofii. Dekart: Ego zhizn', sochineniya i uchenie. – Sankt-Peterburg, 1994.
Foma Akvinskiy. Summa protiv yazychnikov. – Dolgoprudnyy, 2000.
Tsitseron. O prirode bogov II 7 18 // Tsitseron. Filosofskie traktaty. – Moskva, 1985. – S. 60-190.
Feyerbakh L. Istoriya filosofii § 62 // Feyerbakh L. Istoriya filosofii. Sobranie proizvedeniy v 3 t. T. 1. – Moskva, 1974.
Plotin. O bessmertii dushi (IV 7) 9 // Plotin. Sochineniya. – Sankt-Peterburg, 1995. – C. 619-645.
Seneka. O prirode I 13 // Seneka. Filosofskie traktaty. – Sankt-Peterburg, 2001. – S. 180-367.
Spinoza B. Etika // Spinoza B. Izbrannye proizvedeniya v 2 t. T. 1. – Moskva, 1957. – S. 359-618.
Nikolay Kuzanskiy. Ob uchenom neznanii // Nikolay Kuzanskiy. Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. – Moskva, 1979. – S. 48-185.
Mal'bransh N. Razyskaniya istiny. – Sankt-Peterburg, 1999.
Leybnits G.-V. Absolyutno pervye istiny // Leybnits G.-V. Sochineniya v 4 t. T. 3. – Moskva, 1984. – S. 123-126.
Leybnits G.-V. Rassuzhdenie o metafizike // Leybnits G.-V. Sochineniya v 4 t. T. 1. – Moskva, 1982. – S. 125-163.
Zhil'son E. Filosofiya v srednie veka: Ot istokov patristiki do kontsa XIV veka. – Moskva, 2004.
Ershov M.N. Problema bogopoznaniya v filosofii Mal'bransha. – Kazan', 1914.
Dobrokhotov A.L. Kategoriya bytiya v klassicheskoy zapadnoevropeyskoy filosofii. – Moskva, 1986.
Dekart R. Razmyshleniya o pervoy filosofii, v koikh dokazyvaetsya sushchestvovanie Boga i razlichie mezhdu chelovecheskoy dushoy i telom // Dekart R. Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 2. – Moskva, 1989. – S. 3-72.
Dekart R. Vozrazheniya nekotorykh uchenykh muzhey protiv izlozhennykh vyshe «Razmyshleniy» s otvetami avtora // Dekart R. Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 2. – Moskva, 1994. – S. 73-417.
Ansel'm Kenterberiyskiy. Proslogion // Ansel'm Kenterberiyskiy. Sochineniya. – Moskva, 1995. – S. 123-165.
Bonaventura. Putevoditel' dushi k Bogu. – Moskva, 1993.
Bocharov V.A. Analiz kritiki Kantom ontologicheskogo argumenta // Kantovskiy sbornik, 1989 ¹ 14. – S. 90-99.
Avreliy Avgustin. Ispoved'. – Moskva, 1991.
Ansel'm Kenterberiyskiy. Monologion // Ansel'm Kenterberiyskiy. Sochineniya. – Moskva, 1995. – S. 32-122.
Averintsev S.S. Bytie kak sovershenstvo – krasota kak bytie // Averintsev S.S. Poetika rannevizantiyskoy literatury. – Sankt-Peterburg, 2004. – S. 35-62.
Locke, J. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. – London, 1836.
Meyer, R. Gott in den rationalistischen philosophischen Systemen von Descartes und Wolff. Zu einigen Identitäten und Differenzen // Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 1990 H. 6. S. 47-56.
Kremer, K. Die neuplatonische Seinsphilosophie und ihre Wirkung auf Thomas von Aquin. – Leiden, 1971.
Kant, I. Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes // Kant, I. Werke in 12 Bänden. Band 2. – Frankfurt am Main, 1977. S. 621-738.
Kant, I. Kritik der reinen Vernunft // Kant, I. Werke in 12 Bänden. Band 2. – Frankfurt am Main, 1977.
Hermanni, F. Der ontologische Gottesbeweis // Neue Zeitschrift für systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie, 2012, ¹ 44. – S. 245-267.
Hume, D. Dialogues concerning natural religion in focus. – London, 1991.
Henrich D. Der ontologische Gottesbeweis. Sein Problem und seine Geschichte in der Neuzeit. – Tübingen, 1960.
Harries, K. Problems of the Infinite: Cusanus and Descartes // American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 1989. Vol. 64 (1). – P. 89-110.
Barnes, J. The Ontological Argument. – Edinburgh, 1972.
Beyssade, J-M. The Idea of God and the Proof of his Existence // Cambridge Companion to Descartes. – Cambridge, 2006. – P. 174-199.
Halfwassen, J. Sein als uneingeschränkte Fülle. Zur Vorgeschichte des ontologischen Gottesbeweises im antiken Platonismus // Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung, 2002. Bd. 56. – S. 497-516.

References (transliteration):
Prokhorov M.M. Atributivnoe opredelenie bytiya: tret'ya istoricheskaya forma protivopolozhnosti dialektiki i metafiziki // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2012.-5.-C. 1-100. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2012.5.244. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_244.html
V.A. Kutyrev Rekonstruktsiya cheloveka. Chast' 2 // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2010.-3.-C. 19-34.
S.V. Sretenskaya O fenomene ponimaniya // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2010.-7.-C. 31-37.
V.A. Kutyrev Rekonstruktsiya cheloveka // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2010.-1.-C. 61-66.
Yakovlev V.A. Stanovlenie novoevropeyskoy nauki: antichnaya metafizika i khristianskie tsennosti // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2013.-5.-C. 244-308. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_537.html
N. Fisher O budushchem metafiziki i voprosa o Boge soglasno Immanuilu Kantu (s ekskursami v kritiku metafiziki Martina Khaydeggera) (prodolzhenie) (perevod I.V. Kirsberga) // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-7.-C. 951-966. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.7.7585.
N. Fisher Kantovskaya vseob'emlyushchaya sistema filosofski obosnovannoy teologii (perevod I.V. Kirsberga) // Filosofiya i kul'tura.-2013.-3.-C. 325-336. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.03.6.
Parkhomenko R.N. Genezis idei svobody v zapadnoevropeyskoy filosofii // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya.-2012.-4.-C. 179-210. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2012.4.146. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_146.html
Enders M. Myshlenie o neprevzoydennom: dvoynaya normativnost' ontologicheskogo ponyatiya Boga // Filosofiya religii: Al'manakh 2008–09. – Moskva, 2010. – S. 258-298.
Fisher K. Istoriya novoy filosofii. Dekart: Ego zhizn', sochineniya i uchenie. – Sankt-Peterburg, 1994.
Foma Akvinskiy. Summa protiv yazychnikov. – Dolgoprudnyy, 2000.
Tsitseron. O prirode bogov II 7 18 // Tsitseron. Filosofskie traktaty. – Moskva, 1985. – S. 60-190.
Feyerbakh L. Istoriya filosofii § 62 // Feyerbakh L. Istoriya filosofii. Sobranie proizvedeniy v 3 t. T. 1. – Moskva, 1974.
Plotin. O bessmertii dushi (IV 7) 9 // Plotin. Sochineniya. – Sankt-Peterburg, 1995. – C. 619-645.
Seneka. O prirode I 13 // Seneka. Filosofskie traktaty. – Sankt-Peterburg, 2001. – S. 180-367.
Spinoza B. Etika // Spinoza B. Izbrannye proizvedeniya v 2 t. T. 1. – Moskva, 1957. – S. 359-618.
Nikolay Kuzanskiy. Ob uchenom neznanii // Nikolay Kuzanskiy. Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1. – Moskva, 1979. – S. 48-185.
Mal'bransh N. Razyskaniya istiny. – Sankt-Peterburg, 1999.
Leybnits G.-V. Absolyutno pervye istiny // Leybnits G.-V. Sochineniya v 4 t. T. 3. – Moskva, 1984. – S. 123-126.
Leybnits G.-V. Rassuzhdenie o metafizike // Leybnits G.-V. Sochineniya v 4 t. T. 1. – Moskva, 1982. – S. 125-163.
Zhil'son E. Filosofiya v srednie veka: Ot istokov patristiki do kontsa XIV veka. – Moskva, 2004.
Ershov M.N. Problema bogopoznaniya v filosofii Mal'bransha. – Kazan', 1914.
Dobrokhotov A.L. Kategoriya bytiya v klassicheskoy zapadnoevropeyskoy filosofii. – Moskva, 1986.
Dekart R. Razmyshleniya o pervoy filosofii, v koikh dokazyvaetsya sushchestvovanie Boga i razlichie mezhdu chelovecheskoy dushoy i telom // Dekart R. Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 2. – Moskva, 1989. – S. 3-72.
Dekart R. Vozrazheniya nekotorykh uchenykh muzhey protiv izlozhennykh vyshe «Razmyshleniy» s otvetami avtora // Dekart R. Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 2. – Moskva, 1994. – S. 73-417.
Ansel'm Kenterberiyskiy. Proslogion // Ansel'm Kenterberiyskiy. Sochineniya. – Moskva, 1995. – S. 123-165.
Bonaventura. Putevoditel' dushi k Bogu. – Moskva, 1993.
Bocharov V.A. Analiz kritiki Kantom ontologicheskogo argumenta // Kantovskiy sbornik, 1989 ¹ 14. – S. 90-99.
Avreliy Avgustin. Ispoved'. – Moskva, 1991.
Ansel'm Kenterberiyskiy. Monologion // Ansel'm Kenterberiyskiy. Sochineniya. – Moskva, 1995. – S. 32-122.
Averintsev S.S. Bytie kak sovershenstvo – krasota kak bytie // Averintsev S.S. Poetika rannevizantiyskoy literatury. – Sankt-Peterburg, 2004. – S. 35-62.
Locke, J. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. – London, 1836.
Meyer, R. Gott in den rationalistischen philosophischen Systemen von Descartes und Wolff. Zu einigen Identitäten und Differenzen // Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 1990 H. 6. S. 47-56.
Kremer, K. Die neuplatonische Seinsphilosophie und ihre Wirkung auf Thomas von Aquin. – Leiden, 1971.
Kant, I. Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes // Kant, I. Werke in 12 Bänden. Band 2. – Frankfurt am Main, 1977. S. 621-738.
Kant, I. Kritik der reinen Vernunft // Kant, I. Werke in 12 Bänden. Band 2. – Frankfurt am Main, 1977.
Hermanni, F. Der ontologische Gottesbeweis // Neue Zeitschrift für systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie, 2012, ¹ 44. – S. 245-267.
Hume, D. Dialogues concerning natural religion in focus. – London, 1991.
Henrich D. Der ontologische Gottesbeweis. Sein Problem und seine Geschichte in der Neuzeit. – Tübingen, 1960.
Harries, K. Problems of the Infinite: Cusanus and Descartes // American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 1989. Vol. 64 (1). – P. 89-110.
Barnes, J. The Ontological Argument. – Edinburgh, 1972.
Beyssade, J-M. The Idea of God and the Proof of his Existence // Cambridge Companion to Descartes. – Cambridge, 2006. – P. 174-199.
Halfwassen, J. Sein als uneingeschränkte Fülle. Zur Vorgeschichte des ontologischen Gottesbeweises im antiken Platonismus // Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung, 2002. Bd. 56. – S. 497-516.

Review: The main research subject of the present article is the new understanding of the philosophical concept 'being' as a result of different interpretations of being as 'being of information' or 'informational being' in different branches of science. The scope of research includes physical and mathemathical sciences that interpret the nature of logics, mathematics and calculations. The research subject also involves the definition of consciousness in Husserl's phenomenology due to the fact that contemporary quantum physics and astronomy study the role of the scientific mind. Noteworthy, that the focus is made on the most recent achievements in these branches of science. In his research Yakovlev carries out a comparative research of modern approaches to definitions of information in relation to Husserl's phenomenology and contemporary theories of mind. Yakovlev also offers a new approach to the problem of being based on information theories. He makes an assumption that infomation reality (being of information) is becoming synonymous to the objective reality. Information reality (or informational being) is understood as the fundamental nature of the universe and being of an individual consciousness is understood as a fractal of this reality. 

Keywords: information, being, reality, consciousness, mathematics, phenomenology, creativity, synergetics, physics, absolute

References:
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Ivanov A.V., Mironov V.V. Universitetskie lektsii po metafizike. M.: Sovremennye tetradi, 2004. S. 614-615.
Chernavskiy D.S. Problema proiskhozhdeniya zhizni i myshleniya c tochki zreniya sovremennoy fiziki / Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk. T. 170. ¹ 2. 2000, s. 157 – 183.
Melik-Gaykazyan I.V. Informatsionnye protsessy i real'nost'. M.: Nauka. 1997.
Menskiy M.B. Kvantovaya mekhanika, soznanie i most mezhdu dvumya kul'tura¬mi // Voprosy filosofii. M., 2004. ¹ 6. S. 64–74.
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Penrouz R. Novyy um korolya: O komp'yuterakh, myshlenii i zakonakh fiziki. M.: Editorial URSS, 2005
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Eynshteyn A. O metode teoreticheskoy fiziki (1933) // A. Eynshteyn. Sobranie nauchnykh trudov. – T. IV. – M.: Nauka, 1967. S. 184.
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Yulina N.S. Tayna soznaniya: al'ternativnye strategii issledovaniya // Voprosy filosofii. – 2004, ¹ 10.
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Gusserl' E. «Filosofiya kak strogaya nauka» "Logos". M., 1911, kn. 1. S. 33.
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References (transliteration):
Informatsionnyy podkhod v mezhdistsiplinarnoy perspektive. Materialy «kruglogo stola» / Voprosy filosofii. 2010. ¹
S. 84 – 112). 2. Ursul A.D. Priroda infor¬matsii: Filosofskiy ocherk. — 2-e izd. — Chelyabinsk: ChGAKI, 2010. 231 s.
Ivanov A.V., Mironov V.V. Universitetskie lektsii po metafizike. M.: Sovremennye tetradi, 2004. S. 614-615.
Chernavskiy D.S. Problema proiskhozhdeniya zhizni i myshleniya c tochki zreniya sovremennoy fiziki / Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk. T. 170. ¹ 2. 2000, s. 157 – 183.
Melik-Gaykazyan I.V. Informatsionnye protsessy i real'nost'. M.: Nauka. 1997.
Menskiy M.B. Kvantovaya mekhanika, soznanie i most mezhdu dvumya kul'tura¬mi // Voprosy filosofii. M., 2004. ¹ 6. S. 64–74.
Menskiy M.B. Kontseptsiya soznaniya v kontekste kvantovoy mekhaniki // Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk. M., 2005. T. 175. ¹ 4. S. 414–435.
Penrouz R. Novyy um korolya: O komp'yuterakh, myshlenii i zakonakh fiziki. M.: Editorial URSS, 2005
Kushelev V.A. Metafizika i fizika o prirode paradoksa vremeni // Filosofiya fiziki: aktual'nye problemy. Mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya. Moskva, 17-19 iyunya 2010 g. S. 75.
Eynshteyn A. O metode teoreticheskoy fiziki (1933) // A. Eynshteyn. Sobranie nauchnykh trudov. – T. IV. – M.: Nauka, 1967. S. 184.
Efremov A.P. Vselennaya v sebe i puti poznaniya // Metafizika. 2011. ¹ 4. S. 112 – 113.
Antologiya mirovoy filosofii v 4-kh T., T.2. M. 1970. S. 280.
Yulina N.S. Tayna soznaniya: al'ternativnye strategii issledovaniya // Voprosy filosofii. – 2004, ¹ 10.
Yakovlev V.A. Informatsionnoe edinstvo bytiya: soznanie, zhizn', materiya // NB: Elektronnyy zhurnal «Filosofskie issledovaniya». — 2013.-¹ 10.-S. 1 – 57.
Ginzburg V. L. ""Fizicheskiy minimum" — kakie problemy fiziki i astrofiziki predstavlyayutsya osobenno vazhnymi i interesnymi v nachale XXI veka?" // Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk. 2007. ¹ 177.
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Gusserl' E. «Filosofiya kak strogaya nauka» "Logos". M., 1911, kn. 1. S. 4.
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Review: The article is devoted to the philosophical concepts of general nature and particular nature that were based on Neo-Platonism and Aristotelianism and made a significant influence on the ideas of Christian philosophers of the Byzantium epoch. The cornerstone of the present research is the analysis of the above mentioned natures. In this regard, the author analyzes the interpretations of the above mentioned natures from the points of view of physicality and the bodiless. The author analyzes which interpretation proves to be efficient, what general nature is and what particular nature is and how these two natures are related. This is mostly an analytical research. The author applies the system approach and views each concept of nature as a system of related ideas and views. The author has used the question-and-answer method to make his analysis more accurate and detailed. The author proves that the concepts of natural nature and particular nature are not necessarily alternative (at least when reasonable beings are concerned). Quite on the contrary, general natures exist side by side with particular natures, both general and particular natures are bodiless and have the same ontological status. Particular nature is the combination of general nature and the principle of individuation. The latter is bodiless, too.

Keywords: ontology, Plato, Aristotle, Neo-Platonism, bodiless, David the Invincible, John Philoponus, general nature, particular nature, principle of individuation.

References:
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Benakis L. The problem of General Concepts in Neoplatonism and Byzantine Thought // Neoplatonism and Christian Thought / Ed D. J. O’Meara. Norfolk, 1982. Pp. 75–86.

References (transliteration):
Petrov V. V., Maksim Ispovednik: ontologiya i metod v Vizantiyskoy filosofii VII veka. – M.: IF RAN, 2007. – 204s.
Mkrtchyan R. A. Kontseptsii obshchey i chastnoy prirod v khristologii khalkidonitov i dokhalkidonitov // Tserkov' i vremya, ¹2 (63). – M.: OVTsS MP, 2013. – S. 29–62.
Mkrtchyan R. A. Vopros o printsipe individuatsii v kontekste khalkidonskogo bogosloviya // Tserkov' i vremya, ¹3 (64). – M.: OVTsS MP, 2013. – S. 29–58.
Mesyats S. V. Ammoniy syn Germiya // Antichnaya filosofiya: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar'. – M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2008. – 105–108.
Mesyats. S. V. K voprosu o «chastnykh sushchnostyakh» u Ammoniya Aleksandriyskogo: po povodu stat'i V. M. Lur'e «Bogoslovskiy sintez VII veka: sv. Maksim Ispovednik i ego epokha» // Bogoslovskiy vestnik 2006, ¹ 5-6. – Sergiev Posad: MDAiS, 2006. – S. 670–680.
Davydenkov O., ierey. Khristologicheskaya sistema Sevira Antiokhiyskogo. – M.: PSTGU, 2007. – 328 s.
Brambo Robert S. Filosofy Drevney Gretsii / Per. s angl. L. A. Igorevskogo. – M.: Tsetrpoligraf, 2010. – 347 s.
Benevich G. I. Ioann Filopon // Pravoslavnaya entsiklopediya, T. XXIV. – M., 2010. – S. 628–646.
Ammoniy Aleksandriyskiy. Tolkovanie na Isagogu Porfiriya 41.20–42.26 (CAG).
Aristotel'. Vtoraya analitika / Per. A. V. Kubitskogo // Aristotel'. Sochineniya v chetyrekh tomakh. – M.: Mysl', 1978. – T. 2. – S. 255–346.
Aristotel'. Metafizika / Per. A. V. Kubitskogo // Aristotel'. Sochineniya v chetyrekh tomakh. – M.: Mysl', 1976. – T. 1. – S. 63–368.
David Anakht. Analiz «Vvedeniya» Porfiriya / Per. s drevnearm. S.S. Arevshatyana // David Anakht. Sochineniya. – M.: Mysl', 1975. – S. 101–195.
David Anakht. Opredeleniya filosofii / Per. s drevnearm. S.S. Arevshatyana // Tam zhe. – S. 29–100.
Ioann Filopon. Arbitr (fragmenty) // Ioann Damaskin, prep. Istochnik znaniya / Perevod s drevnegrecheskogo i kommentarii D.E. Afinogenova, A.A. Bronzova, A.I. Sagardy, N.I. Sagardy. – M.: Indrik, 2002. – S. 141–148.
Platon. Parmenid / Per. N. N. Tomasova // Platon. Sobranie sochineniy v 4-kh tomakh. – M.: Mysl', 1993. – Tom 2. – S. 346–412.
Porfiriy. Vvedenie k «Kategoriyam» Aristotelya / Per. A.V. Kubitskogo // Aristotel'. Kategorii. – M.: Librokom, 2012. – 80 s.
Porfiriy. Zhizn' Pifagora / Per. M.L. Gasparova // Khrestomatiya po zapadnoy filosofii. – M.: Astrel', AST, 2003. – S. 271–277.
Porfiriy. Podstupy k umopostigaemomu / Perevod S.V. Mesyats // Scholae. Filosofskoe antikovedenie i klassicheskaya traditsiya. – T. 2, ¹ 2. – Novosibirsk: Novosibirskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, 2008. – S. 277–308. Literatura
Shichalin Yu.A. Istoriya antichnogo platonizma v institutsional'nom aspekte. – M.: «Greko-latinskiy kabinet» Yu.A. Shichalina, 2000. – 448s.
Benakis L. The problem of General Concepts in Neoplatonism and Byzantine Thought // Neoplatonism and Christian Thought / Ed D. J. O’Meara. Norfolk, 1982. Pp. 75–86.

Review: The subject of the author’s research is the conceptual and art insight into the world and being as the main feature of the Russian philosophical and social thought. In this regard, the author of the article traces back the historical development of the union of philosophy and poetry. The author focuses on their relation and interprets that union as the genetic code of the Russian spiritual culture. The unity between creativity regulated by ratio and art contemplation managing images created the topics that were common for both philosophy and poetry: the Universe and human existence, life and death, freedom and necessity, good and evil. Touching upon these topics, the author of the article indicates special features of the path of development of Russian philosophy and poetic lyrics in the XIX century. The main methods used in research is the principle of the integrity of being and philosophical perception of the world. The applied method allowed the author to set forth forcibly his conclusion about ‘the poetry of the heart having the same rights as the poetry of the thought’. The main importance and novelty is the author’s analysis of Russian philosophical poetry from the moment of its origin in Russia (early XIX century) till present and focus on similar researches carried out by the most important figures in Russian philosophy such as Vladimir Soloviev, Merezhkovsky, Frank, Stepun, Bulgakov, I. Ilyin and Zenkovsky. The article contains rich historiography on the matter.

Keywords: philosophical reflection, Russian philosophy, conceptual thinking, emotional thinking, rationalism, art contemplation, integrated knowledge, world view, spiritual experience, philosophical poetry, ‘poet – thoughts’.

Contact information: Sizemskaya Irina Nikolaevna, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka 14/1, str. 5, komn. 427-428.

References:
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Poeziya russkikh filosofov XX veka. Antologiya / Sost. M. Sergeev i L. Stolovich. Vst. stat'ya L. Stolovich. Boston, 2011.
Pushkin v russkoy filosofskoy kritike. Konets XIX-XX vek. M.-SPb., 1999.
Solov'ev Vl. Stikhotvoreniya, Estetika. Literaturnaya kritika. M., 1990.
Stolovich L.N. Istoriya russkoy filosofii. Ocherki. M., 2005.
Struve Gleb. O chetyrekh poetakh. (Blok, Sologub, Gumilev, Mandel'shtam). London, 1981.
Filosofskie techeniya russkoy poezii. Izbrannye stikhotvoreniya i kriticheskie stat'i S.A. Andreevskogo, D.S. Merezhkovskogo, B.N. Nikol'skogo, P.P. Pertsova i Vl. Solov'eva / Sost. P. Pertsov. SPb., 1896.
Frank S.L. Kosmicheskoe chuvstvo v poezii Tyutcheva // Frank S.L. Russkoe mirovozzrenie. SPb. 1996

References (transliteration):
Andreevskiy S.A. Literaturnye chteniya. Baratynskiy, Dostoevskiy, Garshin, Nekrasov, Lermontov, Lev Tolstoy. Izd. 2-e. SPb., 1891.
Ginzburg L. O lirike. M., 1997.
Il'in I.A. Odinokiy khudozhnik. Stat'. Rechi. Lektsii. M., 1993.
Maymin E.A. Russkaya filosofskaya poeziya. M., 1976.
Mandel'shtam O.E. Ob iskusstve. M., 1991.
Mann Yu. Russkaya filosofskaya estetika. M., 1969.
Merezhkovskiy D.S. V tikhom omute. Stikhi i issledovaniya raznykh let. M., 1991.
Poeziya kak zhanr russkoy filosofii. Antologiya / Sost., avtor vst. stat'i i nauchnykh kommentariev I.N. Sizemskaya. M., 2007.
Poeziya russkikh filosofov XX veka. Antologiya / Sost. M. Sergeev i L. Stolovich. Vst. stat'ya L. Stolovich. Boston, 2011.
Pushkin v russkoy filosofskoy kritike. Konets XIX-XX vek. M.-SPb., 1999.
Solov'ev Vl. Stikhotvoreniya, Estetika. Literaturnaya kritika. M., 1990.
Stolovich L.N. Istoriya russkoy filosofii. Ocherki. M., 2005.
Struve Gleb. O chetyrekh poetakh. (Blok, Sologub, Gumilev, Mandel'shtam). London, 1981.
Filosofskie techeniya russkoy poezii. Izbrannye stikhotvoreniya i kriticheskie stat'i S.A. Andreevskogo, D.S. Merezhkovskogo, B.N. Nikol'skogo, P.P. Pertsova i Vl. Solov'eva / Sost. P. Pertsov. SPb., 1896.
Frank S.L. Kosmicheskoe chuvstvo v poezii Tyutcheva // Frank S.L. Russkoe mirovozzrenie. SPb. 1996

Review: The author of the article analyzes logical consequence of the principle of abundance described by Arthur Lovejoy in his book ‘The Great Chain of Being’ (1936). Arthur Lovejoy asserts that all potentials of existence must be fulfilled. The principle of abundance is completed with the principle of plentitude that requires practical implementation of all what is thought to be possible. Fulfillment of the principle of plentitude causes numerous ‘stratifications’ of space, time, world and all. This is the conclusion modern cosmology has come to as well. To save ourselves from absolute chaos, we need to limit the principle of plentitude. Therefore, we approach the most fundamental problem in ontology: how does the impossible become possible? The series includes the following articles: 1. Introduction. 2. The Great Chain of Being. 3. The principle of abundance. 4. The unified. 5. Theodicy. 6. Ontological evidence of God’ s existence. 7. The problem of eternity. 8. The limits. 9. The impossible. 10. Theories of incompleteness. 11. Borders of mind? 12. Destiny of human. 13. Everett worlds. 14. The principle of plentitude in action. 15. On the way to intelligent Multiverse. Annex. Alternative Reality: Gaius Iulius Caesar.

Keywords: Everett worlds, borders of mind,undecidability, Godel about incompleteness, impossibility, eternity, theodicy, principle of abundance, Multiverse, symmetric distortion.

Contact information: Karpenko Alexander Stepanovich, 119991, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka 14/1, str. 5.

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Wheeler J.A. Information, physics, quantum: The search for links // Complexity, Entropy and the Physics of Information / Ed. W.H. Zurek. Addison-Wesley, 1990. P. 3-28

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Review: The author of the article analyzes logical consequence of the principle of abundance described by Arthur Lovejoy in his book ‘The Great Chain of Being’ (1936). Arthur Lovejoy asserts that all potentials of existence must be fulfilled. The principle of abundance is completed with the principle of plentitude that requires practical implementation of all what is thought to be possible. Fulfillment of the principle of plentitude causes numerous ‘stratifications’ of space, time, world and all. This is the conclusion modern cosmology has come to as well. To save ourselves from absolute chaos, we need to limit the principle of plentitude. Therefore, we approach the most fundamental problem in ontology: how does the impossible become possible? The series includes the following articles: 1. Introduction. 2. The Great Chain of Being. 3. The principle of abundance. 4. The unified. 5. Theodicy. 6. Ontological evidence of God’s existence. 7. The problem of eternity. 8. The limits. 9. The impossible. 10. Theories of incompleteness. 11. Borders of mind? 12. Destiny of human. 13. Everett worlds. 14. The principle of plentitude in action. 15. On the way to intelligent Multiverse. Annex. Alternative Reality: Gaius Iulius Caesar.

Keywords: Everett worlds, borders of mind, undecidability, Godel about incompleteness, impossibility, eternity, theodicy, principle of abundance, Multiverse, symmetric distortion.

Contact information: Karpenko Alexander Stepanovich , 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka 14/1, str. 5, komn. 432.

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References (transliteration):
Panayides C. Aristotle and the principle of plenitude. The case of De Caelo a. 12 // Filozofia. 2010. Vol. 65. ¹ 1. P. 49-62.
Oppy G. Ontological arguments // Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2011. URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ontological-arguments/.
Nahin, P.J. Time Machines: Time Travel in Physics, Metaphysics, and Science Fiction. New York: Springer, 2001.
Mahoney E.P. Lovejoy and the hierarchy of being // Journal of the History of Ideas. 1987. Vol. 48. ¹ 2. P. 221-230.
Lewis D. The paradoxes of time travel // American Philosophical Quarterly. 1976. Vol. 13. P. 145-52.
Lange M. Could the laws of nature change? // Philosophy of Science. 2008. Vol. 75. P. 69-92.
Kuntz P.G. A Formal Preface and an Informal Conclusion to "The Great Chain of Being": The Necessity and Universality of Hierarchical Thought // The Modern Schoolman. 1983. Vol. 60. ¹ 4. P. 273-282.
Kukkonen T. Plenitude, possibility, and the limits of reason: A medieval Arabic debate on the metaphysics of nature // Journal of the History of Ideas. 2000. Vol. 61. ¹ 4. P. 539-560.
Knuuttila S. Medieval theories of modality // Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2013. URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/modality-medieval/.
Kane R.H. Nature, plenitude and sufficient reason // American Philosophical Quarterly. 1976. Vol. 13. P. 23-31.
Jacob's Ladder and the Tree of Life: Concepts of Hierarchy and the Great Chain of Being. 2nd rev. ed. / Eds. M.L. Kuntz and P.G. Kuntz. New York: Peter Lang, 1988.
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Hintikka J. Aristotle on the realization of possibilities in time // Hintikka J. Time and Necessity: Studies in Aristotle’s Theory of Modality. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973. V Chapter.
Gram M.S. and Martin R.M. The perils of plenitude: Hintikka contra Lovejoy // Journal of the History of Ideas. 1980. Vol. 41. ¹ 3. P. 497–511.
Fritzsch H. The Fundamental Constants. A Mystery of Physics. World Scientific, 2009.
Formigari L. Chain of Being // Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas. Vol. I. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1968. P. 325-335.
Earman J. and Wüthrich C. Time machines // Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2010. URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time machine/.
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Review: The article presents an analysis of the categories of being from the point of view of philosophy and natural science. The author underlines the heuristic function of this category for a number of physical, biological and cognitive sciences. Taking into account opinions of modern scientists, the author suggests and proves the hypothesis about information programs of material development, living systems and mental and cognitive structures. The author also provides the general description of being as unified information environment of the universe and culture.

Keywords: philosophy, being, material, life, consciousness, creative ideas, information, program, science, culture.

Contact information: Yakovlev Vladimir Anatolievich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, GSP-1, Lomonosovsky prospect 27, korp. 4.

References:
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2. Dobrokhotov A.L. Kategoriya bytiya v klassicheskoy zapadnoevropeyskoy traditsii. M., 1986.
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10. Yakovlev V.A. Metafizicheskie printsipy estestvennonauchnykh issledovaniy fenomena zhizni //
Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2012. ¹ 2.

References (transliteration):
1. Vartofskiy M. Evristicheskaya rol' metafiziki v nauke // Struktura i razvitie nauki. M., 1978.
2. Dobrokhotov A.L. Kategoriya bytiya v klassicheskoy zapadnoevropeyskoy traditsii. M., 1986.
3. Ivanitskiy G.R. XXI vek: chto takoe zhizn' s tochki zreniya fiziki? // Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk. M.,
2010. T. 175. ¹ 4.
4. Ivanov A.V., Mironov V.V. Universitetskie lektsii po metafizike. M.: Sovremennye tetradi, 2004.
5. Melkikh A.V. Pervye printsipy teorii veroyatnostey i nekotorye paradoksy sovremennoy biolo-
gii (kommentariy k stat'e G.R. Ivanitskogo «XXI vek: chto takoe zhizn' s tochki zreniya fiziki») //
Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk. M., 2011. T. 181. ¹ 4.
6. Menskiy M.B. Kvantovye izmereniya, fenomen zhizni i strela vremeni: svyazi mezhdu «tremya ve-
likimi problemami» (po terminologii Ginzburga) // Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk. 2007. T. 177. ¹ 4.
7. Penrouz R. Novyy um korolya: O komp'yuterakh, myshlenii i zakonakh fiziki. M.: Editorial URSS,
2005.
8. Seval'nikov A.Yu. Vremya v sovremennoy kvantovoy kosmologii // Metafizika. 2013. ¹ 1 (7).
9. Chernavskiy D.S. Problema proiskhozhdeniya zhizni i myshleniya s tochki zreniya sovremennoy fiziki //
Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk. 2000. Tom 170. ¹ 2.
10. Yakovlev V.A. Metafizicheskie printsipy estestvennonauchnykh issledovaniy fenomena zhizni //
Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2012. ¹ 2.

Review: Atomism and holism are viewed as the two opposing but at the same time completing each other approaches in the modern theory of complex self-organizing systems (this theory is also called the ‘complexity theory’). Atomism is related to complex world structures and their fractal organization which bring us to elementary and further indivisible structural fragments that lie in the basis of complex space-and-time structures. Atomism refers to studying levels of existence and elements, parts and subsystems. At the same time, it is shown that the entire complexity theory is filled with holism and this holism often has an evolutionary nature. In evolution of complex self-organizing systems holism is associated with the appearance of emergence features of holistic structures and discreteness defined by a set of structures – evolution attractors. Modern atomism also refers to so called perception frames in cognitive science. Based on the system and evolutionary approach, the author offers certain arguments proving the hypothesis about the appearance of alphabetic writing and the teaching about atoms in physical nature (as introduced by A. Kozyrev and V. Lysenko).

Keywords: perception frames, fractality, complex systems, continuity, linguistic hypothesis, holism, discontinuity, atomism, evolutionary epistemology, emergence.

Contact information: Knyazeva Elena Nikolaevna, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka 14/1, str. 5, komn. 509.

References:
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Vol. 1. ¹ 2. P. 83-99.
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of General Philosophy of Science. 2000. Vol. 31. P. 57-73.
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1999. ¹ 17. Dynamique et cognition: nouvelles approches. P. 7-21.

References (transliteration):
1. Alyushin A.L., Knyazeva E.N. Skorost' vospriyatiya // Voprosy filosofii. 2004. ¹ 9. S. 135-148.
2. Bergson A. Materiya i pamyat'. Sobr. soch. v 4-kh tomakh. T. 1. M.: Moskovskiy klub, 1992.
3. Bergson A. Tvorcheskaya evolyutsiya M.: KANON-press, Kuchkovo pole, 1998.
4. Kapitsa S.P. Skol'ko lyudey zhilo, zhivet i budet zhit' na zemle. Opyt istorii chelovechestva. M., 1998.
5. Knyazeva E.N., Kurdyumov S.P. Temporal'nye landshafty koevolyutsii // Chelovek. Nauka. Tsivili-
zatsiya. K semidesyatiletiyu akademika V.S. Stepina. M.: Kanon+, 2004. S. 445-462.
6. Lysenko V.G. Universum vaysheshiki (po «Sobraniyu kharakteristik kategoriy» Prashastapady).
M.: Vostochnaya literatura, 2003.
7. Lysenko V.G. Proiskhozhdenie atomizma: lingvisticheskaya gipoteza. // Shabdaprakasha. Zografskiy
sbornik. Vypusk 1 / pod red. Ya.V. Vasil'kova i S.V. Pakhomova. SPb.: MAE RAN, 2011. S. 99-112.
8. Ashby W.R. Requisite variety and its implications for the control of complex systems // Cybernetica. 1958.
Vol. 1. ¹ 2. P. 83-99.
9. Haken H., Knyazeva H. Arbitrariness in Nature: Synergetics and Evolutionary Laws of Prohibition // Journal
of General Philosophy of Science. 2000. Vol. 31. P. 57-73.
10. Uexküll J.B. von. A Stroll through the worlds of animals and men: a picture book of invisible worlds //
Instinctive Behavior. C. Schiller ed. N-Y.: International Universities Press. 1975. P. 30-31. [1st ed. 1934 in
German].
11. Varela F.J., Thompson E., Rosch E. The Embodied Mind. Cognitive Science and Human Experience.
Cambridge (MA): The MIT Press, 1991 Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991. (7th printing 1999).
12. Varela F. Quatre phares pour l’avenir des sciences cognitives // Théorie — Littérature — Enseignement.
1999. ¹ 17. Dynamique et cognition: nouvelles approches. P. 7-21.