Abstract: The author studies the interactions between non-profit organizations and regular military forces within modern conflict zones. It covers the typology of observed relations and analyzes and makes an assessment of their impact on conflict dynamics and humanitarian response. The paper presents four major interaction modes: support, cooperation, neutrality and rivalry. The analysis of the available literature demonstrates a number of challenging issues such as the lack of communication between NGOs and the military, different approaches to similar tasks, information exchange, politicization and others. At the same time the article reveals the shift in the nature of conflicts and the emergence of new modern challenges and threats that require additional research. The study used logical-intuitive modeling based on institutional approach to cover the issue from a political realism perspective. The conclusions demonstrate the insufficient research of certain types of interactions (support and rivalry), specific challenges for the Russian Federation and the importance of bolstering cooperation between NGOs and the armed forces. Therefore, the article provides recommendations on how to increase the efficiency of interactions and reduce risks and threats.

Keywords: conflict management, unfriendly states, instruments of power, humanitarian interventions, armed conflicts, civil-military relations, armed forces, NGO, non-profit organizations, peacemaking

References:
Bobrova, O., Podberezkin, A., & Podberezkina, O. (2021). Non-state institutions of development-political instruments of power. Obozrevatel-Observer, 9(380), 5-33.
Stepanova, E. (2001). Civil-military relations in nonmilitary operations — "Human rights".
Abiew, F. K. (2003). NGO-Military Relations in Peace Operations. International Peacekeeping, 10(1), 24-39. DOI:10.1080/714002394
Bell, S. R., Blocksome, P., Brown, K. P., & Murdie, A. (2019). Help or hindrance? The role of humanitarian military interventions in human security NGO operations. International Political Science Review, 40(2), 263-278. DOI:10.1177/0192512117724588
Byman, D. (2001). Uncertain partners: NGOs and the military. Survival, 43(2), 97-114. DOI:10.1080/713660351
Colli, F., & Reykers, Y. (2023). Enemies or allies? How NGOs can push the military towards transparency around the use of force. European Journal of International Security, 8(1), 70-88. DOI: 10.1017/eis.2022.20
Davies, C. (2021). The Role of

Abstract: The author analyzes the features of the expert activity of the RAND Corporation at the end of the twentieth century, aimed at studying the colonial experience of counterinsurgency activities of the British Empire during the interwar period. The position of the American analytical center on the possibility of using such experience in modern conditions is considered. A comparison is made of the conclusions of RAND Corporation experts on a similar issue in an earlier historical period - the Cold War era. The reasons for the change in the views of the experts of the analytical center on the question of the potential possibility of applying the colonial experience of the counterinsurgency of the British Empire are revealed. Thus, the characteristic features of the academic examination of US foreign policy decisions at the end of the twentieth century are analyzed. The analysis showed that the RAND Corporation considered this experience useful to the United States, since this analytical center believed that the United States after the end of the Cold War found itself in the same position as the United Kingdom after the First World War. At the same time, the United States repeats the same mistakes that the British Empire authorities made – reducing spending on the army, shifting the emphasis from using infantry in anti-insurgency operations to modern weapons, spreading pacifist ideas and reducing the level of military training. Also, the RAND Corporation for the first time evaluated the colonial experience of the British Empire in a negative way, thereby advocating a return transfer. The United States of the late twentieth century, according to the analytical center, should make decisions not similar to those taken by the British authorities in the interwar period, but opposite to them. This approach is explained by the fact that the RAND Corporation had to provide information support for increasing spending on the US armed forces and maintaining large contingents of troops.

Keywords: rebellion, expertise, counterinsurgency, transfer, colonial experience, Interbellum, British Empire, counter- guerrilla activities, RAND Corporation, analytical center

References:
Malkin S.G. Kolonial'nyi opyt Velikobritanii i strategicheskoe myshlenie SShA [British colonial past and the US strategic culture]. Mezhdunarodnye protsessy. 2016. Vol. 14. №. 3. P. 52-67. (In Russ.)
Malkin S.G. Nasledie imperii i politika SShA v stranakh "tret'ego mira" [Legacy of empires and the U.S. policies in the "third world"]. Mezhdunarodnye protsessy. 2018. Vol. 16. №. 1. P. 53-68. (In Russ.)
Malkin S.G. Nasledie imperii: akademicheskaia ekspertiza i politika SShA v Afganistane i Irake v 2001–2014 godakh [Legacy of empires: academic expertise and USA policy in Afghanistan and Iraq in 2001-2014]. Samarskii nauchnyi vestnik. 2019. Vol. 8. №. 2 (27). P. 313-318. (In Russ.)
Sunderland R. Antiguerrilla Intelligence in Malaya, 1948-1960. Santa Monica, CA, RAND Corp., 1964. №. RM4172. URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM4172.html (дата обращения: 08.06.2022).
Sunderland R. Army Operations in Malaya, 1947-1960. Santa Monica, CA, RAND Corp., 1964. №. RM-4170-ISA, URL: https://ww

Abstract: The subject of the study is a non-lethal (non-lethal) weapon. The object of the study is the thesis of his humanity and safety, put forward by some military experts. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the correctness of the thesis about its safety based on the analysis of the features of the use of non-lethal weapons in modern local wars and armed conflicts. The relevance of the study is determined by the appearance in the United States and NATO of updated conceptual and combat documents defining the principles and conditions for the use of non-lethal weapons. When writing the review article, general scientific research methods were used – analysis and synthesis, implemented on the basis of studying organizational documents that are in the public domain. Based on the assessment of the use of non-lethal weapons during local wars and recent military conflicts, the features and consequences of its use are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions are drawn that the purpose of using such weapons is not the humanization of conflicts stated in a number of conceptual documents, but to increase the effectiveness of defeating the enemy in difficult conditions of modern conflicts. Thus, in the review article it is determined that the increasing role of non-lethal weapons in modern operations is determined by its physical properties, which make it possible to solve the tasks of defeating the enemy in difficult conditions of the background-target situation characteristic of modern local wars and armed conflicts

Keywords: Modern conflicts, Comprehensive defeat of the enemy, Conflict condition, Impact effectiveness, Non-lethal weapon, Humanization of Armed Conflict, Non-lethal combat weapon, Types of non-lethal weapons, Impact factors, The consequences of non-lethal exposure

References:
FM 3-22.40 Tactical Employment of Nonlethal Weapons (Polevoy ustav SV SShA po primeneniyu neletal'nogo oruzhiya). January 2003. Distribution Re-striction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.168 p.
Paustian P. J. Microwave facilitated atmospheric energy projection system: concept for scalable multistage electromagnetic missiles. – Cerberus Institute for Re-search and Development. Conference Intense Microwave Pulses VII, 24 25 April 2000. Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4031.
Moiseev V.M. Oruzhie neletal'nogo deystviya kak perspektivnoe sred-stvo voenno-silovogo vozdeystviya (kompleksnogo porazheniya protivnika) // Vo-ennaya mysl', 2021. №11. – S.41-48.
Slyusar V. Novoe v nesmertel'nykh arsenalakh. Netraditsionnye sredstva porazheniya // Elektronika: nauka, tekhnologiya, biznes 2003.-№2. S.60-67.
Ocular Safety of the Tetanizing Beam Weapon. URL: www.hsvt.org/safety.html (25.02.2020).
Ivanov S.V. Rol' i mesto oruzhiya neletal'nogo deystviya v voynakh i vo-ennykh konfliktakh // Vestnik Akademii voennykh nauk,

Abstract: The subject of this study is the military and political conflict that broke out in the Republic of South Sudan two years after receiving its independence from the North Sudan in 2011. Analyzing the failure of yet another American democracy-promotion project on the African continent, the author turns to the origins of the conflict, analyzing the multitude of factors that hardly promote economic advance of a young sovereign state, but rather contribute to the spread of corruption, conflict, degradation of power, impoverishment, and transformation of the country into a battleground. As part of the study the author used a structural and functional method of analysis (taking the conflict of parties, opinions and forces as a basis of the conflict), as well as the comparative-historical method, by comparing the development of the conflict in the Republic of South Sudan with the experience of other countries of the African Continent being "democratized". The usage of these tools has allowed the author to study the nature of the military and political conflict. The word «conflict», according to the Great Encyclopedic Dictionary, is interpreted as a collision of parties, opinions, forces. The author explores the origins and the nature of the South Sudan conflict in the context of these three categories, and expands the range of supposed factors that influence the emergence and development of the said conflict in the modern geopolitical conditions, viewing the existing problem as a complex model. The author draws attention to clash if interests as an important aspect of conflict in the modern age of depolarization and redistribution of spheres of influence, which would allow to predict future conflicts, and thus lower the risks of "hot spots" forming in different parts of the world.

Keywords: military-political conflict, UN peacekeepers, race for power, sovereignty, independence, interethnic contradictions, South Sudan, humanitarian disaster, global hegemony, ISIL

References:
Filippov V.R. «Fransafrik»: ten' Eliseyskogo dvortsa nad Chernym kontinentom. M.: Goryachaya liniya-Telekom, 2016. S. 218.
Filippov V.R. Komu byl nuzhen genotsid v Ruande? // Geopoliticheskiy zhurnal. 2014. № 7. S. 49.
Mezentsev S.V. Yuzhnyy Sudan: nezavisimost', chto dal'she? // Aziya i Afrika segodnya. 2012. № 8. 4.
Indeks vospriyatiya korruptsii. Transparency International Corruption Perception Index 2016. RL:http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016
Indeks vospriyatiya korruptsii. Transparency International Corruption Perception Index 2015. URL:http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2015
Indeks vospriyatiya korruptsii. Transparency International Corruption Perception Index 2014. URL:http://www.transparency.org/cpi2014/results
Indeks vospriyatiya korruptsii. Transparency International Corruption Perception Index 2013. URL: http://www.transparency.org/cpi2013/results
Doklad 2014/2015 po pravam cheloveka v sovremennom mire – Amnesty International. U

Abstract: The object of this study is the influence of war crimes on the background of armed conflict on the regional security on the African Great Lakes region. The subject of research are armed conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The author draws attention to the issue of crimes committed by military and law enforcement personnel, and the reaction of courts to the demands to punish offenders by human rights organizations and specific political and public figures. This article accents the issue of restoring peace in the central region of the African continent, the humanitarian catastrophes and their consequences. Among the theoretical methods the author gave preference to the systemic, institutional and comparative analysis. Prioritized empirical methods include field research, including interviewing. The scientific novelty of this research is in the uncovering the underlying causes of armed conflicts, and the defining of the contradictory processes in the Democratic Republic of Congo aimed at resolving the military and political crisis, as well as in the examination of the influence of armed conflict on the humanitarian situation in this country. The author introduces a multitude of new sources, previously untapped by Russian researchers and, as presumed, are available only to a handful of foreign scientists who work directly in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Keywords: armed conflicts, refugees, fundamentalist Islam, ethnic-confessional contradictions, U.N., peace, military groups, military crisis, security, Africa

References:
Novosti OON. 17.03.2012 // [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.un.org/russian/news/fullstorynews.asp?newsID=17162 (data obrashcheniya: 18.08.2013).
Tshiswaka Masoka Hubert. La Cour Internationale devrait suivre les actives terroristes du M23 en RDC // Le Potentiel. Kinshasa. 31.07.2012. P. 3.
Tshiaba Clement. Verdict attendu ce vendredi contre Germain Katanga, le « Lion de l’Ituri» // La Référence plus. 23.05.2014. P. 7.
Procès Minova: dernière ligne droite avant le verdict final // Le Potentiel. –Kinshasa. 10.04.2014. P. 8.
La procureur de la CPI saisie sur des crimes contre l’humanité commis à Kitshanga // Agence Presse Associee. – Kinshasa. 03.04.2013.
Mulumba Pitshou. Human Rights Watch salue le verdict de la CPI contre Germain Katanga // Le Potentiel. Kinshasa. 11.03.2014. P. 2.
Loi N 14/006 du 11 février 2014 portant amnistie pour faits insurrectionnels, faits de guerre et infractions politiques // Journal Officiel de la République D