Review: The article is devoted to the evolution of fractal images in photography as an aesthetic means and creative paradigm in the art of the 20th century. The subject of the research is the means of representing the recursion infinity in analogous and digital art photography. In her research Nikolaeva defines parallels between fractal recursion in photography and traditional and post-modernist paintings (medieval iconography mise en abime, Salvador Dali's and J. Pollock's paintings, M. S. Escher's graphic art and advertising graphic design). Special attention is paid to the creative and cognitive meaning of fractal forms in different genres of photography. The aesthetics of recursion infinity is viewed from the point of view of the interdisciplinary approach that integrates the ideas of philosophy, art theory, art history, choas theory, fractality concept and computer technologies. Based on the analysis of a wide range of photographs made by both Russian and foreign professional photographers and semi-professional members of informatl art socieities, the researcher defines the following types of representation of fractal recursion in art photography: fixed fractal forms of the real world; fractals constructed by special photographic techniques; fractalisation of images bu using the digital post-processing; and algorithmic construction of fractal compositions. It is concluded that the first photographic experience of fractal recursions were deliberately performed by the anachronic method and the source of fractal images was the natural enviromment as it is. Later images of infinite recursion in photography became the result of the application of specific digital techniques and the 'fractal zone' of the search was shifted into the sphere of human nature and culture. 

Keywords: recursion, fractal, Droste effect, fractal abstraction, fractal suprematism, aesthetics of infinity, art photography, fractal art, image post-processing, digital art

References:
Zhukovskiy V.I. Kompozitsiya i kompozitsirovanie // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 4. - C. 94 - 99.
Demenev D.N. Vzaimodeystvie zritel'nogo i emotsional'nogo vospriyatiy proizvedeniy izobrazitel'nogo iskusstva // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2011. - 3. - C. 80 - 85.
Victor Ribas art. Fractal abstraction lasertechnique of photography. URL: http://rybas.weebly.com/.
Popov S. Ekstaz tekhniki// Dialog iskusstv. 2009. ¹ 3. S. 36-39.
Special effect for graphic designers. URL: http://www.redfieldplugins.com/filterFractalius.htm.
Florenskiy P. Istoriya i filosofiya iskusstva. M.: Mysl', 2000. 444 s.
Patsyukov V. Poeziya «beregovoy linii» Serzha Golovacha// Malevich. Klassicheskiy avangard. 2007, Vyp. 9. S. 227-228.
Tarasenko V. V. Suprematizm i fraktal'naya geometriya: radikal'nyy konstruktivizm nablyudaemykh form // Malevich. Klassicheskiy avangard. 2007. Vyp. 9. S. 221-224.
Golovach S. Fraktal'naya zona poiska // Malevich. Klassicheskiy avangard. 2007. Vyp. 9. S. 225-226.
Sugimoto H. Lightning Fields. URL: http://www.sugimotohiroshi.com/LighteningField.html.
Latunova N., Bochechko V. Vozvrashchenie Maier Poppins // Fotozhurnal KhE. 2013. URL: http://photo-element.ru/analysis/maier/maier.html.
Condé S. The Fractal Artist. Leonardo. 2001. Vol. 34. No. 1. Pp. 3-10.
Hicks A. Susan Derges: “The whole night became my dark room ...” URL: http://db-artmag.com/archiv/04/e/thema-london-derges.html.
Nikolaeva E. V. Netsifrovaya fraktal'naya zhivopis': istoriko-kul'turologicheskiy ekskurs // Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnaya seriya. 2013. ¹ 8.1 (109). S. 223-228.
Thinking in Patterns: Fractals and Related Phenomena in Nature (ed. M. M. Novak). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 2004. 336 p.
Grekhem L., Kantor Zh.-M. Imena beskonechnosti: pravdivaya istoriya o religioznom mistitsizme i matematicheskom tvorchestve. SPb.: Izd-vo Evropeyskogo universiteta v Sankt-Peterburge, 2011. 230 s.
Rosato G. S. Fractal Art. Journal of Science Communication. 2010, 9(4). URL: http://jcom.sissa.it/archive/09/04/Jcom0904%282010%29A01/Jcom0904%282010%29A01.pdf.
Gaydenko P. P. Nauchnaya ratsional'nost' i filosofskiy razum. URL: http://www.adhdportal.com/book_3583_chapter_19_2._Ponjatiebeskonechnogo_u_Aristotelja.html.
Le Manifeste du Fractaliste. Art Press. 1997. ¹ 229. Pp. 28-30.
Fraktaly kak iskusstvo. Sb. statey/ Perevod s angl., fr. E. V. Nikolaevoy; zaklyuch. stat'ya E. V. Nikolaevoy. SPb.: Strata, 2015. 224 s.
Feder Y. Fraktaly. M.: Mir, 1991. 254 s.
Paytgen Kh.-O., Rikhter P. Kh. Krasota fraktalov. Obraztsy kompleksnykh dinamicheskikh sistem. M.: Librokom, 1993. 217 s.
Mandel'brot B. Fraktal'naya geometriya prirody. M.-Izhevsk: IIKI, NITs «Regulyarnaya i khaoticheskaya dinamika, 2010. 656 s.
Yakovleva E. L., Zaychenko M. A. Rekursii i iskusstvo. Mezhdunarodnyy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy zhurnal. 2013. Vyp. 4-2(11). S. 65-68.
Nikolaeva E. V. Tsifrovoe fraktal'noe iskusstvo: manifestatsii filosofskikh i khudozhestvennykh smyslov// Mir nauki, kul'tury, obrazovaniya. 2014. ¹ 2 (45). S. 325-328.
Migunov A. S., Erokhin S. V. Algoritmicheskaya estetika. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2010. 280 c.
Tarasenko V. V. Fraktal'naya logika. M.: Librokom, 2009. 120 s.
Postneklassicheskie praktiki. Opyt kontseptualizatsii/ V. I. Arshinov, O. N. Astaf'eva (red.). M.: Mir', 2012. 536 c.
Sinergeticheskaya paradigma. Nelineynoe myshlenie v nauke i iskusstve/ Otv.red. V. A. Koptsik. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2002. 496 s.
Mediafilosofiya III. Fotografiya/ Pod red. V. V. Savchuka, M. A. Stepanova. SPb.: Sankt-Peterburgskoe Filosofskoe obshchestvo, 2009. 255 s.

References (transliteration):
Zhukovskiy V.I. Kompozitsiya i kompozitsirovanie // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2010. - 4. - C. 94 - 99.
Demenev D.N. Vzaimodeystvie zritel'nogo i emotsional'nogo vospriyatiy proizvedeniy izobrazitel'nogo iskusstva // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2011. - 3. - C. 80 - 85.
Victor Ribas art. Fractal abstraction lasertechnique of photography. URL: http://rybas.weebly.com/.
Popov S. Ekstaz tekhniki// Dialog iskusstv. 2009. ¹ 3. S. 36-39.
Special effect for graphic designers. URL: http://www.redfieldplugins.com/filterFractalius.htm.
Florenskiy P. Istoriya i filosofiya iskusstva. M.: Mysl', 2000. 444 s.
Patsyukov V. Poeziya «beregovoy linii» Serzha Golovacha// Malevich. Klassicheskiy avangard. 2007, Vyp. 9. S. 227-228.
Tarasenko V. V. Suprematizm i fraktal'naya geometriya: radikal'nyy konstruktivizm nablyudaemykh form // Malevich. Klassicheskiy avangard. 2007. Vyp. 9. S. 221-224.
Golovach S. Fraktal'naya zona poiska // Malevich. Klassicheskiy avangard. 2007. Vyp. 9. S. 225-226.
Sugimoto H. Lightning Fields. URL: http://www.sugimotohiroshi.com/LighteningField.html.
Latunova N., Bochechko V. Vozvrashchenie Maier Poppins // Fotozhurnal KhE. 2013. URL: http://photo-element.ru/analysis/maier/maier.html.
Condé S. The Fractal Artist. Leonardo. 2001. Vol. 34. No. 1. Pp. 3-10.
Hicks A. Susan Derges: “The whole night became my dark room ...” URL: http://db-artmag.com/archiv/04/e/thema-london-derges.html.
Nikolaeva E. V. Netsifrovaya fraktal'naya zhivopis': istoriko-kul'turologicheskiy ekskurs // Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnaya seriya. 2013. ¹ 8.1 (109). S. 223-228.
Thinking in Patterns: Fractals and Related Phenomena in Nature (ed. M. M. Novak). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 2004. 336 p.
Grekhem L., Kantor Zh.-M. Imena beskonechnosti: pravdivaya istoriya o religioznom mistitsizme i matematicheskom tvorchestve. SPb.: Izd-vo Evropeyskogo universiteta v Sankt-Peterburge, 2011. 230 s.
Rosato G. S. Fractal Art. Journal of Science Communication. 2010, 9(4). URL: http://jcom.sissa.it/archive/09/04/Jcom0904%282010%29A01/Jcom0904%282010%29A01.pdf.
Gaydenko P. P. Nauchnaya ratsional'nost' i filosofskiy razum. URL: http://www.adhdportal.com/book_3583_chapter_19_2._Ponjatiebeskonechnogo_u_Aristotelja.html.
Le Manifeste du Fractaliste. Art Press. 1997. ¹ 229. Pp. 28-30.
Fraktaly kak iskusstvo. Sb. statey/ Perevod s angl., fr. E. V. Nikolaevoy; zaklyuch. stat'ya E. V. Nikolaevoy. SPb.: Strata, 2015. 224 s.
Feder Y. Fraktaly. M.: Mir, 1991. 254 s.
Paytgen Kh.-O., Rikhter P. Kh. Krasota fraktalov. Obraztsy kompleksnykh dinamicheskikh sistem. M.: Librokom, 1993. 217 s.
Mandel'brot B. Fraktal'naya geometriya prirody. M.-Izhevsk: IIKI, NITs «Regulyarnaya i khaoticheskaya dinamika, 2010. 656 s.
Yakovleva E. L., Zaychenko M. A. Rekursii i iskusstvo. Mezhdunarodnyy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy zhurnal. 2013. Vyp. 4-2(11). S. 65-68.
Nikolaeva E. V. Tsifrovoe fraktal'noe iskusstvo: manifestatsii filosofskikh i khudozhestvennykh smyslov// Mir nauki, kul'tury, obrazovaniya. 2014. ¹ 2 (45). S. 325-328.
Migunov A. S., Erokhin S. V. Algoritmicheskaya estetika. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2010. 280 c.
Tarasenko V. V. Fraktal'naya logika. M.: Librokom, 2009. 120 s.
Postneklassicheskie praktiki. Opyt kontseptualizatsii/ V. I. Arshinov, O. N. Astaf'eva (red.). M.: Mir', 2012. 536 c.
Sinergeticheskaya paradigma. Nelineynoe myshlenie v nauke i iskusstve/ Otv.red. V. A. Koptsik. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2002. 496 s.
Mediafilosofiya III. Fotografiya/ Pod red. V. V. Savchuka, M. A. Stepanova. SPb.: Sankt-Peterburgskoe Filosofskoe obshchestvo, 2009. 255 s.

Review: The article presents commentaries on a famous book written by N. Volkov ‘The Color in Painting’. In his book Volkov tried to create the theory comparable to the theories in music studies. However, comparison of color in painting with the musical sound shows that it is rather impossible. Rozin points out that Volkov distinguishes between the color as an art form and coloristic art events which refer to artistic reality. Rozin discusses peculiarities of artistic reality in painting and analyzes the two color systems (offered by Newton and Goethe) compared by Volkov. Rozin also establishes and substantiates the hypothesis about the role of these color systems in painting being comparable to the ‘single point perspective’ concept. The other hypothesis is based on Rozin’s analysis of the concept of ‘expression’ of human feelings and ideas as it is presented in art studies. Rozin questions this concept and proves quite the opposite. Based on Rozin, the development of art and ‘color practice’ constitute the emotional life of human but not vice versa. The research article is based on such methods as the comparative analysis, problematization, reference to the author’s teaching about psychic (mental) realities as well as his studies of art and music. As a result, Rozin has managed, in some ways, to distinguish between music and color practice, provide a substantive commentary on N. Volkov’s book emphasizing the most interesting provisions of that book, discuss peculiarities of artistic reality which events are described based on the color and establish the hypothesis about the role of the color concepts offered by Newton and Goethe.

Keywords: Color, sound, music, color practice, creation, art studies, theory, system, painting, music studies.

References:
Blatserna P. Teoriya zvuka v prilozhenii k muzyke. M., 2012 g.
Bekon R. Opus Tertium // Antologiya srednevekovoy mysli. T. 2. M., 2002.
Valeriy Tsagaraev Bitva tsivilizatsiy. (proekt@anaharsis.ru)
Volkov N.N. Tsvet v zhivopisi». M., 1985.
Volkov N. N. Tsvet v zhivopisi. http://painting.artyx.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000009/st018.shtml
Kuzanskiy N. Sobranie soch. v 2-kh t. T. 1. M., 1979. T. 2. 1980.
Lazarev V.N. Nachalo rannego Vozrozhdeniya v ital'yanskom iskusstve. Traktaty. Traktaty Al'berti. M., 1979.
Leonardo da Vinchi Kniga o zhivopisi. M., 1934.
Milada Ignat'eva Kartina «Kupanie krasnogo konya» http://fb.ru/article/145375/kupanie-krasnogo-konya-petrov-vodkin-opisanie-kartin-kartina-kupanie-krasnogo-konya
Piko della Mirandola D. Rech' o dostoinstve cheloveka // Istoriya estetiki. Pamyatniki mirovoy esteticheskoy mysli. T. 1. M., 1962.
Raushenbakh B. Prostranstvennye postroeniya v zhivopisi. M., 1980.
Rozin V.M. Udivitel'nyy fenomen muzyki // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. 2014. N 4 i 5.
Rozin V.M. Vizual'naya kul'tura i vospriyatie. M., 2006;
Rozin V.M. «Myshlenie: sushchnost' i razvitie». M., 2014.
Rozin V.M. Psikhologiya: nauka i praktika. Uchebnoe posobie. OMEGA-L. M., 2005.
Rozin V.M. Psikhicheskaya real'nost', sposobnosti i zdorov'e cheloveka. M., 2000.
Rozin V.M. Semioticheskie issledovaniya. M., 2001.
Rozin V.M. Stanovlenie i teoreticheskoe osmyslenie v kul'ture Novogo vremeni klassicheskoy muzyki // Kul'tury i iskusstva. 2013. N 3.
Firentsuola A. O krasotakh zhenshchin // Istoriya estetiki. Pamyatniki mirovoy esteticheskoy mysli. M., 1962. T. 1.
Fichino M. Kommentariy na «Pir» Platona. // Istoriya estetiki. Pamyatniki mirovoy esteticheskoy mysli. M., 1962. T. 1.
http://dshi7.ru/8/16/
Demenev D.N. Nekotorye aspekty dialektichnosti protsessa sozdaniya zhivopisnogo proizvedeniya. // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. - 2014. - 9. - C. 150 - 185. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2014.9.13549. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_13549.html

References (transliteration):
Blatserna P. Teoriya zvuka v prilozhenii k muzyke. M., 2012 g.
Bekon R. Opus Tertium // Antologiya srednevekovoy mysli. T. 2. M., 2002.
Valeriy Tsagaraev Bitva tsivilizatsiy. (proekt@anaharsis.ru)
Volkov N.N. Tsvet v zhivopisi». M., 1985.
Volkov N. N. Tsvet v zhivopisi. http://painting.artyx.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000009/st018.shtml
Kuzanskiy N. Sobranie soch. v 2-kh t. T. 1. M., 1979. T. 2. 1980.
Lazarev V.N. Nachalo rannego Vozrozhdeniya v ital'yanskom iskusstve. Traktaty. Traktaty Al'berti. M., 1979.
Leonardo da Vinchi Kniga o zhivopisi. M., 1934.
Milada Ignat'eva Kartina «Kupanie krasnogo konya» http://fb.ru/article/145375/kupanie-krasnogo-konya-petrov-vodkin-opisanie-kartin-kartina-kupanie-krasnogo-konya
Piko della Mirandola D. Rech' o dostoinstve cheloveka // Istoriya estetiki. Pamyatniki mirovoy esteticheskoy mysli. T. 1. M., 1962.
Raushenbakh B. Prostranstvennye postroeniya v zhivopisi. M., 1980.
Rozin V.M. Udivitel'nyy fenomen muzyki // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. 2014. N 4 i 5.
Rozin V.M. Vizual'naya kul'tura i vospriyatie. M., 2006;
Rozin V.M. «Myshlenie: sushchnost' i razvitie». M., 2014.
Rozin V.M. Psikhologiya: nauka i praktika. Uchebnoe posobie. OMEGA-L. M., 2005.
Rozin V.M. Psikhicheskaya real'nost', sposobnosti i zdorov'e cheloveka. M., 2000.
Rozin V.M. Semioticheskie issledovaniya. M., 2001.
Rozin V.M. Stanovlenie i teoreticheskoe osmyslenie v kul'ture Novogo vremeni klassicheskoy muzyki // Kul'tury i iskusstva. 2013. N 3.
Firentsuola A. O krasotakh zhenshchin // Istoriya estetiki. Pamyatniki mirovoy esteticheskoy mysli. M., 1962. T. 1.
Fichino M. Kommentariy na «Pir» Platona. // Istoriya estetiki. Pamyatniki mirovoy esteticheskoy mysli. M., 1962. T. 1.
http://dshi7.ru/8/16/
Demenev D.N. Nekotorye aspekty dialektichnosti protsessa sozdaniya zhivopisnogo proizvedeniya. // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. - 2014. - 9. - C. 150 - 185. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0174.2014.9.13549. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_13549.html

Review: Analyzing Arkady Plastov’s late works, we can define the main images and meanings there. Internal harmony typical for work by this master, does not disappear under the influence of new ideas and events in the country’s social and art life. Work created by Plastov during his last ten years of life reflected his attitude to the word. Narrative , selected topics and his preferences in genres were closely connected to his art goals. Opposing to sketches in painting, the artist used expressive opportunities of ‘fast work with nature’ in some of his late works. The author of the article pays special attention at such Arkady Plastov’s portraits and paintings as ‘Grandma Katerina and Tanya Yudina’, ‘Death of the tree’, ‘The Blinds’ and ‘April’. In his late paintings, Arkady Plastov shared his own perception of the world that is based on traditional Russian religious and esthetical views and holistic perception of the world.

Keywords: art history, Arkady Plastov, religious grounds of creative work, Christian system of values, traditional peasant life, composite structure, emphasis on image and meanings, blind, children in art, fine art.

Contact information: Philippova Inga Igorevna, 191186, Russia, St. Petersburg, Ingenernaya ul. 4.

References:
1. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov. Katalog proizvedeniy. – M.: Sovetskiy khudozhnik, 1976. 200 s.
2. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov // Al'bom. Sost. N. N. Plastov. Vstup. st. T. Yu. Plastova. – M.: Novyy
Ermitazh, 2006. 368 s.
3. «Radost'yu b'etsya serdtse…» // Khudozhnik. – 1972. – ¹ 11. – SS. 19-34.
4. Kaufman R. S. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov. – M.: Iskusstvo, 1962. 30 s.
5. Kozlov Yu., Avdonin A. Zhizn' i sud'ba Arkadiya Plastova. Dokumental'nyy ocherk. – Ul'yanovsk: Simbir-
skaya kniga, 1992. 120 s.
6. Kostin V. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov. – M.: Sovetskiy khudozhnik, 1956. 57 s.
7. Kuznetsov V. N. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov i ideologiya pozdnego stalinizma // Tvorchestvo
A. A. Plastova v kontekste kul'tury XX veka. – Ul'yanovsk: UOKhM, 2004. S. 26.
8. Lenyashin V. A. Doroga i put' v zhivopisi XIX – XX vekov // Doroga v russkom iskusstve / Al'manakh.
Vyp. 68. – SPb: Palace Editions, 2004. SS. 7-11.
9. Lenyashin V. A. …khudozhnikov drug i sovetnik. Sovremennaya zhivopis' i problemy kritiki. – L.: Khudozhnik
RSFSR, 1985. 316 s.
10. Leont'eva G. K. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov. – L.: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1966. 71 s.
11. Losskiy N. O. Kharakter russkogo naroda. Kniga pervaya. Posev, 1957. 152 s.
12. Nikiforov B.M. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov. – M.: Sovetskiy khudozhnik, 1972. 212 s.
13. Plastova T. Arkadiy Plastov. Pravoslavnye istoki tvorchestva // Russkoe iskusstvo. – 2004. – ¹ IV. – SS. 122-131.
14. Tret'yakov N. N. Obraz v iskusstve. Osnovy kompozitsii. Svyato-Vvedenskaya Optina Pustyn', 2001. 264 s.
15. Filippova I. I. Tvorchestvo Arkadiya Plastova i problemy izucheniya russkogo realizma // Problemy
sovetskogo iskusstva 1930-50 gg. (k 100-letiyu A.A.Deyneki). – Kursk, 1999. – SS. 82-91.

References (transliteration):
1. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov. Katalog proizvedeniy. – M.: Sovetskiy khudozhnik, 1976. 200 s.
2. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov // Al'bom. Sost. N. N. Plastov. Vstup. st. T. Yu. Plastova. – M.: Novyy
Ermitazh, 2006. 368 s.
3. «Radost'yu b'etsya serdtse…» // Khudozhnik. – 1972. – ¹ 11. – SS. 19-34.
4. Kaufman R. S. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov. – M.: Iskusstvo, 1962. 30 s.
5. Kozlov Yu., Avdonin A. Zhizn' i sud'ba Arkadiya Plastova. Dokumental'nyy ocherk. – Ul'yanovsk: Simbir-
skaya kniga, 1992. 120 s.
6. Kostin V. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov. – M.: Sovetskiy khudozhnik, 1956. 57 s.
7. Kuznetsov V. N. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov i ideologiya pozdnego stalinizma // Tvorchestvo
A. A. Plastova v kontekste kul'tury XX veka. – Ul'yanovsk: UOKhM, 2004. S. 26.
8. Lenyashin V. A. Doroga i put' v zhivopisi XIX – XX vekov // Doroga v russkom iskusstve / Al'manakh.
Vyp. 68. – SPb: Palace Editions, 2004. SS. 7-11.
9. Lenyashin V. A. …khudozhnikov drug i sovetnik. Sovremennaya zhivopis' i problemy kritiki. – L.: Khudozhnik
RSFSR, 1985. 316 s.
10. Leont'eva G. K. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov. – L.: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1966. 71 s.
11. Losskiy N. O. Kharakter russkogo naroda. Kniga pervaya. Posev, 1957. 152 s.
12. Nikiforov B.M. Arkadiy Aleksandrovich Plastov. – M.: Sovetskiy khudozhnik, 1972. 212 s.
13. Plastova T. Arkadiy Plastov. Pravoslavnye istoki tvorchestva // Russkoe iskusstvo. – 2004. – ¹ IV. – SS. 122-131.
14. Tret'yakov N. N. Obraz v iskusstve. Osnovy kompozitsii. Svyato-Vvedenskaya Optina Pustyn', 2001. 264 s.
15. Filippova I. I. Tvorchestvo Arkadiya Plastova i problemy izucheniya russkogo realizma // Problemy
sovetskogo iskusstva 1930-50 gg. (k 100-letiyu A.A.Deyneki). – Kursk, 1999. – SS. 82-91.

Review: The article is devoted to the interaction between two opinions on naïve and primitive in culture and art. This interaction is very well shown in A. N. Ryleva’s and O.D. Baldin’s work ‘The Two Opinions on the Naive Art’. The ‘double’ opinion which is shown in the book is described as a picture of spontaneous metamorphoses and understanding of their nature. The author of the article also touches upon some argumentative issues.

Keywords: cultural studies, the naive art, primitive, avant-garde, symbolism, interpretation, culture, civilization, sociality, spontaneity.

References:
1. Ryleva A. N., Baldina O. D. Dva vzglyada na naivnoe iskusstvo. SPb., 2011;
2. Lyusyy A. P. Nasledie Kryma: geosofiya, tekstual'nost'. identichnost'. M., 2007.

References (transliteration):
1. Ryleva A. N., Baldina O. D. Dva vzglyada na naivnoe iskusstvo. SPb., 2011;
2. Lyusyy A. P. Nasledie Kryma: geosofiya, tekstual'nost'. identichnost'. M., 2007.

Review: The article reveals peculiarities of the image of a revolutionary – populist in fi ne arts at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century and its transformation under the infl uence of events ongoing in Russia in those times. Special attention is paid at the creative works by Iterinants such as I. E. Repin and his follower N. I. Verkhoturov as well as N. A. Kasatkin.

Keywords: art history, revolutionary – populist, ‘Popular Will; socialist revolutionary, proletarian, Museum of the Revolution, fi rst Russian revolution in 1905-1907, intellectual – commoner, fi ne art, Iterinants.

References:
1. Allenova E. T. Il'ya Repin. M.: Belyy Gorod, 2000.
2. Gor'kiy M. Zhizn' Klima Samgina (Sorok let): Povest'. Ch. 1. M.: Pravda, 1988.
3. Druzhenkova G. A. Makovskiy. L., 1962.
4. El'shevskaya G. V. Il'ya Repin. M.: Slovo/Slovo, 1998.
5. Zhuravleva E. V. Vladimir Egorovich Makovskiy, 1846–1920. M., 1972.
6. Zil'bershteyn I. S. Arest propagandista: Kartina I. E. Repina. M.: Iskusstvo, 1951.
7. Prudominskiy V. I. Nikolay Yaroshenko. M.: Iskusstvo, 1979.
8. Prytkov V. A. Nikolay Aleksandrovich Yaroshenko. M.: Iskusstvo, 1960.
9. Russkoe iskusstvo novogo vremeni. Issledovaniya i materialy: Sbornik statey. M.: Pamyatniki istoricheskoy
mysli, 2009.
10. Sitnik K. A. N. A. Kasatkin. Zhizn' i tvorchestvo, 1859–1930. M., 1955.
11. Stasov V. V. Izbrannye sochineniya: V 3 t. T. 1. M.: Iskusstvo, 1952.
12. Troitskiy N. A. Russkoe revolyutsionnoe narodnichestvo 1870-kh gg. Saratov: SGU, 2001.

References (transliteration):
1. Allenova E. T. Il'ya Repin. M.: Belyy Gorod, 2000.
2. Gor'kiy M. Zhizn' Klima Samgina (Sorok let): Povest'. Ch. 1. M.: Pravda, 1988.
3. Druzhenkova G. A. Makovskiy. L., 1962.
4. El'shevskaya G. V. Il'ya Repin. M.: Slovo/Slovo, 1998.
5. Zhuravleva E. V. Vladimir Egorovich Makovskiy, 1846–1920. M., 1972.
6. Zil'bershteyn I. S. Arest propagandista: Kartina I. E. Repina. M.: Iskusstvo, 1951.
7. Prudominskiy V. I. Nikolay Yaroshenko. M.: Iskusstvo, 1979.
8. Prytkov V. A. Nikolay Aleksandrovich Yaroshenko. M.: Iskusstvo, 1960.
9. Russkoe iskusstvo novogo vremeni. Issledovaniya i materialy: Sbornik statey. M.: Pamyatniki istoricheskoy
mysli, 2009.
10. Sitnik K. A. N. A. Kasatkin. Zhizn' i tvorchestvo, 1859–1930. M., 1955.
11. Stasov V. V. Izbrannye sochineniya: V 3 t. T. 1. M.: Iskusstvo, 1952.
12. Troitskiy N. A. Russkoe revolyutsionnoe narodnichestvo 1870-kh gg. Saratov: SGU, 2001.

Review: The article is devoted to Moscow International Festival of naïve art and outsiders’ art work which has been taking place once in three years since 2004. The author describes the questions of formation and functioning of the so-called festnaive and analyzes exhibitions of artwork and the topics discussed during scientiÞ c conferences held within the framework of the festival.

Keywords: cultural studies, culture, naïve art, festival, museum, fringe, creative work, archetype, topics, genres.

References:
1. Baldina O. D. Vse zapechatleno v ikh serdtse // Pushkinskie obrazy v tvorchestve naivnykh khudozhnikov Rossii:
Katalog vystavki. M., 1999.
2. Baldina O. D. Vtoroe prizvanie. M., 1983.
3. Baldina. O. D. Okno v mir prazdnika // Naivnoe iskusstvo Rossii: Katalog vystavki. M., 1997.
4. Muzeynaya politika v oblasti marginal'nogo iskusstva: Materialy nauchnoy konferentsii. M.: Muzey
naivnogo iskusstva, 2010.
5. Naivnoe iskusstvo i tvorchestvo autsayderov v XXI v.: istoriya, praktika, perspektivy: Materialy nauchnoy
konferentsii. M.: Muzey naivnogo iskusstva, 2007–2008.
6. Primitiv v izobrazitel'nom iskusstve: Materialy nauchnoy konferentsii. 1995. M.: Gosudarstvennaya
Tret'yakovskaya galereya, 1997.
7. Ryleva A. N. O naivnom. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, Rossiyskiy institut kul'turologii, 2005.
8. Sovremennoe naivnoe iskusstvo Rossii: Materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. 1999.
M.: Gosudarstvennyy Rossiyskiy dom narodnogo tvorchestva, 1999.
9. Fenomen naivnogo iskusstva i tvorchestva autsayderov v nashi dni i ego problemy. Materialy nauchnoy
konferentsii. Muzey naivnogo iskusstva. M., 2004.
10. «Festnaiv-07»: Katalog vystavki. M.: Muzey naivnogo iskusstva, 2007.
11. «Festnaiv-2010»: Katalog vystavki. M.: Muzey naivnogo iskusstva, 2010.
12. Filosofiya naivnosti: Sb. statey. M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 2001.

References (transliteration):
1. Baldina O. D. Vse zapechatleno v ikh serdtse // Pushkinskie obrazy v tvorchestve naivnykh khudozhnikov Rossii:
Katalog vystavki. M., 1999.
2. Baldina O. D. Vtoroe prizvanie. M., 1983.
3. Baldina. O. D. Okno v mir prazdnika // Naivnoe iskusstvo Rossii: Katalog vystavki. M., 1997.
4. Muzeynaya politika v oblasti marginal'nogo iskusstva: Materialy nauchnoy konferentsii. M.: Muzey
naivnogo iskusstva, 2010.
5. Naivnoe iskusstvo i tvorchestvo autsayderov v XXI v.: istoriya, praktika, perspektivy: Materialy nauchnoy
konferentsii. M.: Muzey naivnogo iskusstva, 2007–2008.
6. Primitiv v izobrazitel'nom iskusstve: Materialy nauchnoy konferentsii. 1995. M.: Gosudarstvennaya
Tret'yakovskaya galereya, 1997.
7. Ryleva A. N. O naivnom. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, Rossiyskiy institut kul'turologii, 2005.
8. Sovremennoe naivnoe iskusstvo Rossii: Materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. 1999.
M.: Gosudarstvennyy Rossiyskiy dom narodnogo tvorchestva, 1999.
9. Fenomen naivnogo iskusstva i tvorchestva autsayderov v nashi dni i ego problemy. Materialy nauchnoy
konferentsii. Muzey naivnogo iskusstva. M., 2004.
10. «Festnaiv-07»: Katalog vystavki. M.: Muzey naivnogo iskusstva, 2007.
11. «Festnaiv-2010»: Katalog vystavki. M.: Muzey naivnogo iskusstva, 2010.
12. Filosofiya naivnosti: Sb. statey. M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 2001.

Review: The article is devoted to the analysis of an allegoric portrait of the Duke Cosimo I de’Medici featured as Orpheus (artwork by Agnolo Bronzino). Being an example of a man in love and a founder of orphism, for Marsilio Ficino and his followers Orpheus became a symbol of wisdom teaching people a virtuous and beneficial to society life. The author of the article makes a suggestion that Plato’s Symposium influenced creation of the portrait. Florentine humanist Cosimo Bartoli is viewed as a potential author of the iconography version of the portrait.

Keywords: cultural studies, Renaissance, Duke Cosimo I de’Medici, Orpheus, the Symposium by Plato, fi ne arts, humanism, neoplatonism, harmony.