Review: In his article Tokmachev discusses the painting manner of a Netherlandish painter Pieter Bruegel the Elder. According to the author of the article, his style represents the shift in the consciousness of some Europeans from religious world view to the humanistic perception of the world. The present article was written as a preface of the author to the article on Bruegel's creative work published by an Italian art critic A. Bovey and translated by the author of the present article into the Russian language. The translation of A. Bovey's article is also included. The emphasis is made on the relationship between philosophy of neoplatonism which, according to the author, is similar to the Medieval and Renaissance worldview and painting styles and rationalism that replaced those in the Modern Period. The shift from neoplatonism to rationalism is viewed as the projection of the worldview from the multi-layer 'iconic space' of Chora (expression by A. Lidova and Jacques Derrida) to the empiric sensual diversity. Humanism is viewed as a post  apocalyptic stage of religious consciousness. According to the author, Bruegel's painting symbolizes the break from the traditional Catholic aesthetics and discovery of new Protestant aesthetics. Humanism and experimental natural sciences replaced mythology and metaphysics. However, such technological approach to art without metaphysics turns painting into photography and human into homunculus. 

Keywords: Renaissance, neoplatonism, iconic space, painting, Modern Period, epistrophe, apokatastasis, Last Judgment, Middle Ages, photography

References:
Bauer P. Beskonechnye kontsy sveta. // To4ka-Treff: sayt. URL: http://www.goethe.de/ins/ru/lp/prj/drj/top/wtt/012/wel/ru10211920.htm (data obrashcheniya 25.09.2015)
Kostomarov N.I. Russkaya istoriya v zhizneopisaniyakh ee glavneyshikh deyateley. M.: Svarog, 1995. Kn. 1. S. 265.
Kozellek R. Mozhem li my rasporyazhat'sya istoriey? // Otechestvennye zapiski. – 2004 – ¹ 5.
Shtekl' A. Istoriya srednevekovoy filosofii. M.: Izd. V.M. Sablina, 1912. S.82-104.
Platon Timey: soch. v 3 t. M.: Nauka, 1971. t. 3. ch. 1. s.494.
Steadman P. Vermeer’s Camera: Uncovering the Truth behind the Masterpieces. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Pieter Bruegel / La pittura a cura di Arturo Bovi. Giunti-Nardini Editore. 1977.
Lidov A. Ikona i ikonicheskoe v sakral'nom prostranstve. // polit.ru: sayt. URL: http://polit.ru/article/2010/07/16/icon (data obrashcheniya 25.09.2015)
Khaydegger M. Vremya i bytie. M.: Respublika, 1993. s.394.
Telo, mashina i iskusstvo: «Ya ochen' khotela by radikalizatsii ponyatiy, i dazhe svoego roda arkhaicheskoy radikalizatsii». Beseda s Elizabet fon Samsonov // Khora. – 2010 – ¹ 1/2 (11/12)

References (transliteration):
Bauer P. Beskonechnye kontsy sveta. // To4ka-Treff: sayt. URL: http://www.goethe.de/ins/ru/lp/prj/drj/top/wtt/012/wel/ru10211920.htm (data obrashcheniya 25.09.2015)
Kostomarov N.I. Russkaya istoriya v zhizneopisaniyakh ee glavneyshikh deyateley. M.: Svarog, 1995. Kn. 1. S. 265.
Kozellek R. Mozhem li my rasporyazhat'sya istoriey? // Otechestvennye zapiski. – 2004 – ¹ 5.
Shtekl' A. Istoriya srednevekovoy filosofii. M.: Izd. V.M. Sablina, 1912. S.82-104.
Platon Timey: soch. v 3 t. M.: Nauka, 1971. t. 3. ch. 1. s.494.
Steadman P. Vermeer’s Camera: Uncovering the Truth behind the Masterpieces. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Pieter Bruegel / La pittura a cura di Arturo Bovi. Giunti-Nardini Editore. 1977.
Lidov A. Ikona i ikonicheskoe v sakral'nom prostranstve. // polit.ru: sayt. URL: http://polit.ru/article/2010/07/16/icon (data obrashcheniya 25.09.2015)
Khaydegger M. Vremya i bytie. M.: Respublika, 1993. s.394.
Telo, mashina i iskusstvo: «Ya ochen' khotela by radikalizatsii ponyatiy, i dazhe svoego roda arkhaicheskoy radikalizatsii». Beseda s Elizabet fon Samsonov // Khora. – 2010 – ¹ 1/2 (11/12)

Review: The article gives us an insight into one of the first Baroque concepts in Latin American cultural and literary studies introduced by a famous Peruvian modernistic poet Marin Adan. The author tries to analyze this understudied point in the history of Latin American humanities and relates Adan’s ideas to famous Baroque concepts in Latin America of the second half of the 20th century. The author also tries to describe the most important discoveries made by Adan that played an important role in cultural self-identification of Latin America. In the course of his research the author proceeds from particulars to generals and tries to describe the influence of Martin Adan’s work ‘De lo Barocco en el Peru’ (‘Concerning the Baroque in Peru) on the development of Baroque concepts in Latin America. Martin Adam’s ideas are being analyzed in comparison wit other Baroque concepts. Considering the increased interest of modern cultural studies towards the phenomena of Baroque and Neobaroque Adam’s work is growing very important because he was the first one to try to view the key stage of Latin American culture in terms of Baroque esthetics. The author of the present article tries to show the importance of Adan’s ideas for future Baroque concepts in Latin America and demonstrates that Adam’s ideas can be related to the theories of Jose Lezama Lima, Alejo Carpentier and Irlimar Kyampi.

Keywords: Concept, cultural research, Baroque, Latin America, Martin Adan, classification, modernism, avant-gardism, phenomenon.

References:
Pisateli Latinskoy Amerike o literature. M.1982.
Kul'tura Latinskoy Ameriki. Entsiklopediya. M.2000.
Istoriya literatur Latinskoy Ameriki. Chast' pervaya. M.2004.
Istoriya literatur Latinskoy Ameriki.Ocherki tvorchestva pisateley KhKh veka.M.2005.
Iberica Americans.Latinoamerikanskaya kul'tura v diskussiyakh kontsa KhKh-nachala KhIX vekov. M.2009.
Iberica Americans. Tip tvorcheskoy lichnosti v latinoamerikanskoy kul'ture. M.1999.
Comunicacio̒n presentada en el XXXI Congreso del Instituto Internacional de Literatura Iberoamericana. Caracas 1996.
Martín Adán. Obras en prosa. Lima 1982.
Martín Adán. La casa de cartón.De lo barroco en el Perú. Lima 1984.
Cristo Rafael Figueroa Sanchez. Barroco Criollo y Neobarroco Latinoamericano: Encubrimiento y Arteficio. Bogota 1999.
América Latina en su literature. Mexico 1980.
José Lesama Lima. Obras completas.Tratados en La Habana. La Habana 2009.
José Lesama Lima. Confluencias. Seleccion de ensayos. La Habana 1988.
Alejo Carpentier. Razon de ser. La Habana 2007.
Eugenio D’Ors. Lo barroco. Madrid 2002.

References (transliteration):
Pisateli Latinskoy Amerike o literature. M.1982.
Kul'tura Latinskoy Ameriki. Entsiklopediya. M.2000.
Istoriya literatur Latinskoy Ameriki. Chast' pervaya. M.2004.
Istoriya literatur Latinskoy Ameriki.Ocherki tvorchestva pisateley KhKh veka.M.2005.
Iberica Americans.Latinoamerikanskaya kul'tura v diskussiyakh kontsa KhKh-nachala KhIX vekov. M.2009.
Iberica Americans. Tip tvorcheskoy lichnosti v latinoamerikanskoy kul'ture. M.1999.
Comunicacio̒n presentada en el XXXI Congreso del Instituto Internacional de Literatura Iberoamericana. Caracas 1996.
Martín Adán. Obras en prosa. Lima 1982.
Martín Adán. La casa de cartón.De lo barroco en el Perú. Lima 1984.
Cristo Rafael Figueroa Sanchez. Barroco Criollo y Neobarroco Latinoamericano: Encubrimiento y Arteficio. Bogota 1999.
América Latina en su literature. Mexico 1980.
José Lesama Lima. Obras completas.Tratados en La Habana. La Habana 2009.
José Lesama Lima. Confluencias. Seleccion de ensayos. La Habana 1988.
Alejo Carpentier. Razon de ser. La Habana 2007.
Eugenio D’Ors. Lo barroco. Madrid 2002.

Review: One of the most important indicators of a society ready for war is the appearance of scenarios of a future war in literature. Before the Great Patriotic War the Soviet leadership actively used the genre of the ‘military utopian novel’ to prepare the public conscience to the war but when the war was over, the genre of military utopia was prohibited by the public conscience. However, today there are a great number of books about a forthcoming war being published. This allows to analyze and classify scenarios of future wars. The majority of typical scenarios is balancing on the ‘to be or not to be’ edge. Some scenarios can be called pessimistic because they describe the loss of Russia in the future war. Other scenarios are rather optimistic and propagandize the revival of nation through winning the war. Generally speaking, except for unrealizable or alternative history scenarios, modern scenarios of a future war outline the following courses of events: 1) Russia can be involved into a war with the third countries or alliances as a result of the Ukrainian or Caucasian conflict. The Barents Sea and the Sea of Okhotsk are also mentioned as the starting point of a future war but less frequently. 2) Most writers see it as the war between Russia and the United States and their NATO allies although some authors also suspect the war between Russia and Japan or China. 3) The war is most likely to turn into a series of interweaved local conflicts. Otherwise a limited or even full-scale exchange of nuclear attacks may occur. Noteworthy that the Second World War was also meant to be a series of local lightning wars but turned into a global massacre two years after it had started. 4) Most modern writers see the victory of Russia as a miracle. Writers either describe a desired future that has very little to do with the reality or use all kinds of ‘magical’ inventions. However, it is better than the decadent’s moods typical for the same genre of science fiction in the late USSR. 5) Some writers doubt that the modern Russian leadership is able to firmly and adequately defend the country’s interests using the military force. 6) The majority of writers express the opinion that if Russia loses the war, it will not be only occupied but also subject to prolonged genocide. Generally speaking, modern scenarios of future wars perform their main function which is to prepare the public conscience to fighting ‘their own’ war and to mobilize the public conscience during the ‘period of threat’.

Keywords: future war, military utopian novel, predictive capabilities, alternative history, alarmism, mobilization of the public conscience, anti-utopia, military alert, literary series, post-apocalypse.

Contact information: Gularyan Artyom Borisovich, 302036, Russia, Orel, ul. Generala Rodina 69.

References:
R. A. Kalamkaryan Implementatsiya norm mezhdunarodnogo prava v pravovoy sisteme Rossiyskoy Federatsii kak administrativno-pravovoy protsess pravoprimenitel'noy praktiki gosudarstva // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations.-2011.-3.-C. 100-110.
Pyadyshev B.V. Tret'ya mirovaya – v bestsellerakh i ne tol'ko. [Test] / Boris Pyadyshev – M., Nauka, 1985.
Sviridov A., Biryukov A. Istrebiteli [Test] / Aleksey Sviridov, Aleksandr Biryukov M.: Yauza, 1998.
Yankovskiy D. Rapsodiya gneva [Test] / Dmitriy Yanovskiy M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2000.
Gularyan A.B. «Gryadushchaya voyna» kak zhanr literatury // Kul'tura i iskusstvo.-2013.-6.-C. 653-664. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1956.2013.6.11425.
Khorina G.P. Demokratiya v sovremennoy rossiyskoy kul'ture: ideal i real'nost' // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva.-2013.-4.-C. 1-15. DOI: 10.7256/2306-1618.2013.4.6973. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_6973.html
Nikitin Yu.A. Na temnoy storone [Test] / Yuriy Nikitin M., 1999.
Molotov V. Ural atakuet [Test] / Vladimir Molotov M., SPb.: AST-Poligrafizdat-Astrel', 2011.
Mzareulov K. Pervaya v novom veke // http://bookz.ru/authors/mzareulov-konstantin/mzarek05.html (na 06.12.2013 g.)
Kulagin O. Moskovskiy labirint [Test] / Oleg Kulagin M.: Azbuka-Klassika, 2005.
Kiselev E.Yu. Teoriya «Yadernoy zimy» protiv SSSR // Antigosudarstvennaya deyatel'nost' v Rossii i SSSR v KhKh-nachale XXI vv. Materialy chetvertoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii Voronezhskogo russkogo voenno-istoricheskogo obshchestva, posvyashchennoy 12-letiyu VRVIO i sostoyavsheysya v g. Voronezhe 19 sentyabrya 2010 goda-Voronezh, ILDVA, 2010.
Idiatullin Sh. Tatarskiy udar [Test] / Shamil' Idiatullin –SPb.: Krylov, 2005.
Goncharov V. Mezhdu Stsilloy i Kharibdoy // V kn.: Anisimov S.V. Variant «Bis».
Gularyan A.B. «Gryadushchaya voyna» kak zhanr literatury // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. — 2013.-¹ 6.-S.653-664.
Burtsev V. Plennykh ne brat'! [Test] / Viktor Kosenkov, Yuriy Burnosov M.: EKSMO, 2005.
Volodikhin D.M. Voyna stsenariev. // http://www.apn.ru/publications/print1596.htm (na 06.12.2013 g.)
Benediktov K.S. Bor'ba za «Asgard» [Test] / Kirill Benediktov 2003.
Berezin F. Voyna 2010: Ukrainskiy front [Test] / Fedor Berezin M.: Yauza-Eksmo, 2009.
Berezin F. Voyna 2011: Protiv NATO [Test] / Fedor Berezin M.: Yauza-Eksmo, 2010.
N. G. Abramova, O. S. Petrova. Formirovanie istoricheskoy geografii kak uchebnoy distsipliny. Uchebnaya literatura po istoricheskoy geografii. // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2013.-¹ 2.-C. 137-147. DOI: .10.7256/2222-1972.2013.02.2
E. V. Leshukova. Terror Grazhdanskoy voyny na yuge i vostoke strany v memuaristike russkogo zarubezh'ya 20-kh — 30-kh godov KhKh veka. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2011.-¹ 11.-C. 11-20.

References (transliteration):
R. A. Kalamkaryan Implementatsiya norm mezhdunarodnogo prava v pravovoy sisteme Rossiyskoy Federatsii kak administrativno-pravovoy protsess pravoprimenitel'noy praktiki gosudarstva // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations.-2011.-3.-C. 100-110.
Pyadyshev B.V. Tret'ya mirovaya – v bestsellerakh i ne tol'ko. [Test] / Boris Pyadyshev – M., Nauka, 1985.
Sviridov A., Biryukov A. Istrebiteli [Test] / Aleksey Sviridov, Aleksandr Biryukov M.: Yauza, 1998.
Yankovskiy D. Rapsodiya gneva [Test] / Dmitriy Yanovskiy M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2000.
Gularyan A.B. «Gryadushchaya voyna» kak zhanr literatury // Kul'tura i iskusstvo.-2013.-6.-C. 653-664. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1956.2013.6.11425.
Khorina G.P. Demokratiya v sovremennoy rossiyskoy kul'ture: ideal i real'nost' // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva.-2013.-4.-C. 1-15. DOI: 10.7256/2306-1618.2013.4.6973. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_6973.html
Nikitin Yu.A. Na temnoy storone [Test] / Yuriy Nikitin M., 1999.
Molotov V. Ural atakuet [Test] / Vladimir Molotov M., SPb.: AST-Poligrafizdat-Astrel', 2011.
Mzareulov K. Pervaya v novom veke // http://bookz.ru/authors/mzareulov-konstantin/mzarek05.html (na 06.12.2013 g.)
Kulagin O. Moskovskiy labirint [Test] / Oleg Kulagin M.: Azbuka-Klassika, 2005.
Kiselev E.Yu. Teoriya «Yadernoy zimy» protiv SSSR // Antigosudarstvennaya deyatel'nost' v Rossii i SSSR v KhKh-nachale XXI vv. Materialy chetvertoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii Voronezhskogo russkogo voenno-istoricheskogo obshchestva, posvyashchennoy 12-letiyu VRVIO i sostoyavsheysya v g. Voronezhe 19 sentyabrya 2010 goda-Voronezh, ILDVA, 2010.
Idiatullin Sh. Tatarskiy udar [Test] / Shamil' Idiatullin –SPb.: Krylov, 2005.
Goncharov V. Mezhdu Stsilloy i Kharibdoy // V kn.: Anisimov S.V. Variant «Bis».
Gularyan A.B. «Gryadushchaya voyna» kak zhanr literatury // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. — 2013.-¹ 6.-S.653-664.
Burtsev V. Plennykh ne brat'! [Test] / Viktor Kosenkov, Yuriy Burnosov M.: EKSMO, 2005.
Volodikhin D.M. Voyna stsenariev. // http://www.apn.ru/publications/print1596.htm (na 06.12.2013 g.)
Benediktov K.S. Bor'ba za «Asgard» [Test] / Kirill Benediktov 2003.
Berezin F. Voyna 2010: Ukrainskiy front [Test] / Fedor Berezin M.: Yauza-Eksmo, 2009.
Berezin F. Voyna 2011: Protiv NATO [Test] / Fedor Berezin M.: Yauza-Eksmo, 2010.
N. G. Abramova, O. S. Petrova. Formirovanie istoricheskoy geografii kak uchebnoy distsipliny. Uchebnaya literatura po istoricheskoy geografii. // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2013.-¹ 2.-C. 137-147. DOI: .10.7256/2222-1972.2013.02.2
E. V. Leshukova. Terror Grazhdanskoy voyny na yuge i vostoke strany v memuaristike russkogo zarubezh'ya 20-kh — 30-kh godov KhKh veka. // Politika i Obshchestvo.-2011.-¹ 11.-C. 11-20.

Review: There are the following two tendencies in artwork devoted to the Russian Avant-Garde at the turn of XX – XXI centuries: 1) breaking with cultural-historical tradition and formation of a new system of values; 2) ideological connection between Avant-Garde and Modernism. One way or another, these artworks reflect particular features of the process of production of different Avant-Garde tendencies: new language, new style of art and etc. The present article is focused on the description of the Russian Avant-Garde from the point of view of its potential in formation of cultural environment. The main conclusion is that the production of different forms in Russian Avant-Garde is a necessary empirical model. The ontological role is to create a unique cultural environment with all the values and standards and their management model. The author’s conclusions are illustrated by quotes of the masters of Russian Avant-Garde as well as ideologists of culture and art during that period.

Keywords: cultural research, Russian Avant-Garde, modernism, values of Avant-Gardue, silver age, manifesto and motto, cultural life, forms of culture, cultural relativism, traditions and innovations.

Contact information: Popov Evgeniy Alexandrovich, 656049, Russia, Barnaul, prospect Lenina 61.

References:
Bem A.L. Spor o Mayakovskom // Bem A.L. Issledovaniya. Pis'ma o literature. M., 2001. S. 340-346.
Berdyaev N.A. Dekadentstvo i misticheskiy realizm // Berdyaev N.A. Dukhovnyy krizis intelligentsii. M., 1998. S. 22-34.
Berdyaev N.A. Merezhkovskiy o revolyutsii // Berdyaev N.A. Dukhovnyy krizis intelligentsii. M., 1998. S. 107-123.
Berdyaev N.A. Russkaya ideya // Voprosy filosofii. 1990. ¹ 2. S. 87-155.
s.
Bogdanov A.A. Voprosy sotsializma: Raboty raznykh let. M., 1990. 479 s.
Bogomolov N.A. Ob etoy knige i ee avtorakh // Serebryanyy vek. Memuary. M., 1990. S. 3-14.
Bogomolov N.A. Russkiy modernizm i okkul'tizm // Bogomolov N.A. Russkaya literatura nachala KhKh v. i okkul'tizm. M., 1999. S. 5-20.
Bulgakov S.N. Geroizm i podvizhnichestvo // Vekhi. Intelligentsiya v Rossii: Sb. statey 1909-1910. M., 1991. S. 43-84.
Golomshtok I.N. Totalitarnoe iskusstvo. M., 1994. 296 s.
Groys B. Utopiya i obmen. M., 1993. 374 s.
Dobrenko E. Levoy! Levoy! Levoy! (Metamorfozy revolyutsionnoy kul'tury) // Novyy mir. 1992. ¹ 3. S. 228-240.
Dobrenko E. Ot beskonechnosti k nulyu // Novyy mir. 1992. ¹ 7. S. 237-239.
Dobrenko E. Formovka sovetskogo chitatelya. Sotsial'nye i esteticheskie predposylki retseptsii sovetskoy literatury. SPb., 1997. 321 s.
Zhakkar Zh.-F. Daniil Kharms i konets russkogo avangarda. SPb., 1995. 471 s.
Ionin L.G. Georg Zimmel' – sotsiolog. M., 1981. 128 s.
Katsis L.F. Vladimir Mayakovskiy: Poet v intellektual'nom kontekste epokhi. M., 2000. 776 s.
Kovtun E.F. Russkiy avangard 1920-kh – 1930-kh godov: Al'bom. SPb., 1996. 287 s.
Livshits B. Polutoraglazyy strelets: Vospominaniya. M., 1991. 350 s.
Literaturnye manifesty: Ot simvolizma do «Oktyabrya». M., 2001. 384 s.
Lunacharskiy A.V. Ob iskusstve: V 2-kh tomakh. Tom II. M., 1982. 391 s.
Malevich K. Chernyy kvadrat. SPb., 2001. 572 s.
Mayakovskiy V.V. Sobranie sochineniy: V 2-kh tomakh. Tom II. M., 1988. 768 s.
Papernyy V. Kul'tura «Dva». M., 1996. 370 s.
Russkaya literatura Serebryanogo veka / pod red. Agenosova V.V. M., 1997. 352 s.
Sotsialisticheskiy realizm segodnya. M., 1977. 217 s.
Khlebnikov V. Tvoreniya. M., 1986. 736 s.
Shneyberg L.Ya., Kondakov I.V. Ot Gor'kogo do Solzhenitsyna. M., 1994. 287 s.
Yakimovich A.K. Realizmy dvadtsatogo veka: Al'bom. M., 2000. 176 s.
Limanskaya L.Yu. V. Kandinskiy i avangardnye poiski v yuzhno-ukrainskoy khudozhestvennoy kul'ture nachala KhKh veka // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva. - 2013. - 2. - C. 116 - 152. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_236.html
Koshman L.V. Kul'turnoe prostranstvo russkogo goroda XIX – nachala XX vv. K voprosu o kreativnosti istoricheskoy pamyati. // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva. - 2013. - 2. - C. 42 - 115. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_639.html
Popov E.A. Kul'tura, obshchestvo i chelovek v ob'ektno-predmetnom pole sovremennoy sotsial'noy kul'turologii i sotsiologii kul'tury // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. - 2013. - 3. - C. 170 - 204. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_415.html

References (transliteration):
Bem A.L. Spor o Mayakovskom // Bem A.L. Issledovaniya. Pis'ma o literature. M., 2001. S. 340-346.
Berdyaev N.A. Dekadentstvo i misticheskiy realizm // Berdyaev N.A. Dukhovnyy krizis intelligentsii. M., 1998. S. 22-34.
Berdyaev N.A. Merezhkovskiy o revolyutsii // Berdyaev N.A. Dukhovnyy krizis intelligentsii. M., 1998. S. 107-123.
Berdyaev N.A. Russkaya ideya // Voprosy filosofii. 1990. ¹ 2. S. 87-155.
s.
Bogdanov A.A. Voprosy sotsializma: Raboty raznykh let. M., 1990. 479 s.
Bogomolov N.A. Ob etoy knige i ee avtorakh // Serebryanyy vek. Memuary. M., 1990. S. 3-14.
Bogomolov N.A. Russkiy modernizm i okkul'tizm // Bogomolov N.A. Russkaya literatura nachala KhKh v. i okkul'tizm. M., 1999. S. 5-20.
Bulgakov S.N. Geroizm i podvizhnichestvo // Vekhi. Intelligentsiya v Rossii: Sb. statey 1909-1910. M., 1991. S. 43-84.
Golomshtok I.N. Totalitarnoe iskusstvo. M., 1994. 296 s.
Groys B. Utopiya i obmen. M., 1993. 374 s.
Dobrenko E. Levoy! Levoy! Levoy! (Metamorfozy revolyutsionnoy kul'tury) // Novyy mir. 1992. ¹ 3. S. 228-240.
Dobrenko E. Ot beskonechnosti k nulyu // Novyy mir. 1992. ¹ 7. S. 237-239.
Dobrenko E. Formovka sovetskogo chitatelya. Sotsial'nye i esteticheskie predposylki retseptsii sovetskoy literatury. SPb., 1997. 321 s.
Zhakkar Zh.-F. Daniil Kharms i konets russkogo avangarda. SPb., 1995. 471 s.
Ionin L.G. Georg Zimmel' – sotsiolog. M., 1981. 128 s.
Katsis L.F. Vladimir Mayakovskiy: Poet v intellektual'nom kontekste epokhi. M., 2000. 776 s.
Kovtun E.F. Russkiy avangard 1920-kh – 1930-kh godov: Al'bom. SPb., 1996. 287 s.
Livshits B. Polutoraglazyy strelets: Vospominaniya. M., 1991. 350 s.
Literaturnye manifesty: Ot simvolizma do «Oktyabrya». M., 2001. 384 s.
Lunacharskiy A.V. Ob iskusstve: V 2-kh tomakh. Tom II. M., 1982. 391 s.
Malevich K. Chernyy kvadrat. SPb., 2001. 572 s.
Mayakovskiy V.V. Sobranie sochineniy: V 2-kh tomakh. Tom II. M., 1988. 768 s.
Papernyy V. Kul'tura «Dva». M., 1996. 370 s.
Russkaya literatura Serebryanogo veka / pod red. Agenosova V.V. M., 1997. 352 s.
Sotsialisticheskiy realizm segodnya. M., 1977. 217 s.
Khlebnikov V. Tvoreniya. M., 1986. 736 s.
Shneyberg L.Ya., Kondakov I.V. Ot Gor'kogo do Solzhenitsyna. M., 1994. 287 s.
Yakimovich A.K. Realizmy dvadtsatogo veka: Al'bom. M., 2000. 176 s.
Limanskaya L.Yu. V. Kandinskiy i avangardnye poiski v yuzhno-ukrainskoy khudozhestvennoy kul'ture nachala KhKh veka // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva. - 2013. - 2. - C. 116 - 152. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_236.html
Koshman L.V. Kul'turnoe prostranstvo russkogo goroda XIX – nachala XX vv. K voprosu o kreativnosti istoricheskoy pamyati. // NB: Kul'tury i iskusstva. - 2013. - 2. - C. 42 - 115. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/ca/article_639.html
Popov E.A. Kul'tura, obshchestvo i chelovek v ob'ektno-predmetnom pole sovremennoy sotsial'noy kul'turologii i sotsiologii kul'tury // NB: Filosofskie issledovaniya. - 2013. - 3. - C. 170 - 204. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_415.html

Review: the author of the article offers and proves the hypothesis about a special art trend in XX century which has its roots in art culture of the second half of XIX century. Most clearly these trends were formulated by German Neoidealists who based on their own creative practice. However, art history viewed Neoidealism as a local phenomenon of German culture while the author of this article describes it as one of the fundamental art tendencies during the last century and a half in Germany and Europe as well as in Russia where it was developed, first of all, in Favorsky’s and his students’ art work as well as work by a number of sculptors and artists. Noteworthy that Neoidealism was not an independently developing phenomenon and interacted with such phenomena as Post-Impressionism, Symbolism, Modern, Neoclassicism and Avant-garde. Despite all that, Neoidealism managed to retain its own essence and peculiarity.

Keywords: neoidealism, neoclassicism, neoromanticism, official school of art history, main art trends, fine arts, sculpture, relief principle, monumental art, art theory.

Contact information: Muratov Alexander Mikhailovich, 199034, Russia, St. Petersburg, Universitetskya naberezhnaya 7-9.

References:
1. Aleksandr Matveev i ego shkola / Gosudarstvennyy Russkiy predstavlyaet: Al'manakh. Vyp. 84. SPb.: Palace
Editions, 2005. – 228 s., il.
2. Baranovskiy V. I., Khlebnikova I. B. Anton Azhbe i khudozhniki Rossii. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 2001. – 256 s., il.
3. Gil'debrand A. Problema formy v izobrazitel'nom iskusstve i sobranie statey. Per. N.B. Rozenfel'da,
V.A. Favorskogo. M.: Musaget', 1914. – 196 s., il.
4. Domogatskiy V. N. / Teoreticheskie raboty, issledovaniya, stat'i, pis'ma / Sost., vstupit. st. S. P. Domogats-
koy. M.: Sovetskiy khudozhnik, 1984. – 368 s., il.
5. Zhivopis' 20-30-kh godov / Sostavitel' i avtor nauchnogo apparata A. M. Muratov. Vstupitel'naya stat'ya
V. S. Manina. SPb: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1991. – 200 s., il.
6. Zubov V. P. Stradnye gody Rossii. M.: Indrik, 2004. – 320 s.; il.
7. Manin V. S. A. I. Kuindzhi i ego shkola. L.: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1987. – 220 s., il.
8. Muratov A. M. K voprosu ob istokakh tvorchestva A. D. Goncharova // Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo
universiteta pechati. M., 2006, ¹ 3. S. 9-37.
9. Muratov A. M. Neoidealizm v izobrazitel'nom iskusstve / A. Blok i Pskovskiy kray (Materialy I
Blokovskikh chteniy). Pskov: Izdatel'stvo Oblastnogo tsentra narodnogo tvorchestva, 2005. – 132 s. S. 37-42.
10. Muratov A. M. Puteshestviya Borisa Anrepa v prostranstve i vremeni // Kul'turnoe prostranstvo pute-
shestviy. Materialy nauchnogo foruma SPbGU. SPb.: Tsentr izucheniya kul'tury, 2003. – 350 s. S. 229-233.
11. Muratov A. M. Sergey Konstantinovich Zaryanko: khudozhnik, pedagog, teoretik iskusstva. SPb.: Dmitriy
Bulanin, 2003. – 260 s., il.
12. Muratov A. M. Shkola Kardovskogo // Yunyy khudozhnik, 1989, ¹ 10, s. 38-41
13. Sergey Merkurov / Sost. G. S. Merkurov, vstupit. st. I. G. Merkurovoy M.: Izobrazitel'noe iskusstvo, 1988.
– 160 s., il.
14. Favorskiy V. A. Literaturno-teoreticheskoe nasledie. M.: Sovetskiy khudozhnik, 1988. – 588 s., il.
15. Khofman Verner. Osnovy sovremennogo iskusstva. Vvedenie v ego simvolicheskie formy / Per. s nem.
A. Belobratova; red. I. Chechot i A. Lepork – SPb.: Akademichekiy proekt, 2004. – 560 s., il.

References (transliteration):
1. Aleksandr Matveev i ego shkola / Gosudarstvennyy Russkiy predstavlyaet: Al'manakh. Vyp. 84. SPb.: Palace
Editions, 2005. – 228 s., il.
2. Baranovskiy V. I., Khlebnikova I. B. Anton Azhbe i khudozhniki Rossii. M.: Izd-vo MGU, 2001. – 256 s., il.
3. Gil'debrand A. Problema formy v izobrazitel'nom iskusstve i sobranie statey. Per. N.B. Rozenfel'da,
V.A. Favorskogo. M.: Musaget', 1914. – 196 s., il.
4. Domogatskiy V. N. / Teoreticheskie raboty, issledovaniya, stat'i, pis'ma / Sost., vstupit. st. S. P. Domogats-
koy. M.: Sovetskiy khudozhnik, 1984. – 368 s., il.
5. Zhivopis' 20-30-kh godov / Sostavitel' i avtor nauchnogo apparata A. M. Muratov. Vstupitel'naya stat'ya
V. S. Manina. SPb: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1991. – 200 s., il.
6. Zubov V. P. Stradnye gody Rossii. M.: Indrik, 2004. – 320 s.; il.
7. Manin V. S. A. I. Kuindzhi i ego shkola. L.: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1987. – 220 s., il.
8. Muratov A. M. K voprosu ob istokakh tvorchestva A. D. Goncharova // Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo
universiteta pechati. M., 2006, ¹ 3. S. 9-37.
9. Muratov A. M. Neoidealizm v izobrazitel'nom iskusstve / A. Blok i Pskovskiy kray (Materialy I
Blokovskikh chteniy). Pskov: Izdatel'stvo Oblastnogo tsentra narodnogo tvorchestva, 2005. – 132 s. S. 37-42.
10. Muratov A. M. Puteshestviya Borisa Anrepa v prostranstve i vremeni // Kul'turnoe prostranstvo pute-
shestviy. Materialy nauchnogo foruma SPbGU. SPb.: Tsentr izucheniya kul'tury, 2003. – 350 s. S. 229-233.
11. Muratov A. M. Sergey Konstantinovich Zaryanko: khudozhnik, pedagog, teoretik iskusstva. SPb.: Dmitriy
Bulanin, 2003. – 260 s., il.
12. Muratov A. M. Shkola Kardovskogo // Yunyy khudozhnik, 1989, ¹ 10, s. 38-41
13. Sergey Merkurov / Sost. G. S. Merkurov, vstupit. st. I. G. Merkurovoy M.: Izobrazitel'noe iskusstvo, 1988.
– 160 s., il.
14. Favorskiy V. A. Literaturno-teoreticheskoe nasledie. M.: Sovetskiy khudozhnik, 1988. – 588 s., il.
15. Khofman Verner. Osnovy sovremennogo iskusstva. Vvedenie v ego simvolicheskie formy / Per. s nem.
A. Belobratova; red. I. Chechot i A. Lepork – SPb.: Akademichekiy proekt, 2004. – 560 s., il.