ARTICLES of rubric«Ethnology and cultural anthropology»

ZHANG X. — Study of birch bark handicrafts of the Oroqen people in China (š9, 2023)
Gordienko E. — Vietnamese Cult of the Tutelary Spirits (Thành Hoàng) and its Place in the Vietnamese Folk Religion (š10, 2022)
Usov A.A. — Peasant house as a factor of formation of cultural landscape of the Russian North and the Arctic (on the example of Purnema settlement) (š4, 2021)
Iakushenkova O.S., Pavlenko N.V. — Encounter with the Alien: Japanese models of cultural dialogue (š9, 2019)
Permilovskaya A.B. — Decoration as Part of the Dwelling Structure and the 'Structure' of Peasant World View (š2, 2018)
Dashibalova I. — Problematistion of Ethnic Masculinity in a Visual Text (Based on the Example of the Film 'Bulag. The Sacred Spring') (š5, 2017)
Lestev A.E. — The Moral Imperatives of the Knights of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (š4, 2015)
Spektor, D. M. — The Third Path: Between Instinct and Consciousness (š1, 2015)
Lapkina, N. A. — Private Initiatives in Education of Preschoolers and Primary School Students: Ethnic Education (š5, 2013)
Sukovataya, V. A., Fisun, E. G. — East and Femininity in Writings of Russian and French Orientalists: Inversion of Gaze (š2, 2013)
Marushiakova, E. A., Popov, V. Z. — Gypsy Court in Eastern Europe: Concept, Forms and Modern Transformations (š1, 2013)
Marushiakova, E. A., Popov, V. Z. — Gypsy Court in Eastern Europe: Researches, Mystification, Discussions (š6, 2012)
Pavlova, Î. S. — The Custom of Swadding Babies at the Northern Caucasus: History and Modernity (š6, 2011)
Chistyakova, V. O. — Scientific Knowledge in the Format of a Festival: Experience of the Ethnographic Cinema Days in Moscow (š4, 2011)

Contents details

Reference:

ZHANG X.. Study of birch bark handicrafts of the Oroqen people in China // Culture and Art. – 2023. – š 9. – P. 69-76.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to characterise the characteristics of birch bark crafts of one of the ethnic minority groups, the Oroqen people who live in north-eastern China. The following research methods were used: description, synthesis and classification. The paper examines the characteristics of the handicrafts of the Oroqen people, namely forms, patterns and cultural connotations of ethnic birch bark art. including the cultural component, historical evolution of art and its distribution.Research objectives: to study the characteristic features of traditional fine arts of ethnic minority Oroqen people, classification of traditional art, analysis of the production technology, analysis of the general characteristics of traditional art. Scientific novelty of the study: The art of ethnic minorities in Northeast China has a long history and diversity of types, has a deep cultural connotation, while the Oroqen people have a diverse heritage of folk arts, and birch bark craftsmanship is one of the most important elements. This fact determines the scientific novelty of this study.
Conclusions: The paper concludes that the ethnic birchbark art of the Oroqen people has been influenced by the following factors: lifestyle, religion and cultural heritage.The art of the people is determined by their style and standard of living, religion and cultural heritage.

Keywords: characteristics, cultural connotations, design, evolution, origins, ethnic minorities, Orochon, Craftsmanship, artistic, Forms of art

References:
Wang Beming. (1985). History of Chinese Minority Art. Fuzhou: Fujian Fine Arts Publishers.
Chen Zhaofu. (1991). Ancient Art of Chinese Minorities. Peking: People's Publishing House of Fine Arts.
Zhao Fuxing. (1987). The study of oroken (pp. 8-10). Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House.
Han Yufeng. (2002). Heilongjiang oroken (pp. 68-70). Harbin: Harbin Publishing House.
Wang Yizhang, & Wang Tifeng. (2011). Heritage of birch bark culture in North China (pp. 7-25). Heilongjiang People's Publishing House.
Sun Yunlai. (1990). Plastic Art of the Peoples of the Heilongjiang Valley. Published by the Tianjin Ancient Book Publishers.
Noll Richard, Kun Shi.（2009). The last orochon shaman of North-Eastern China. Religious Studies. pp. 22.
Konstantinova, A.V. (2017). The art of the Evenks as the cultural memory of the people. Siberian Federated University.
Baudelaire. (1986). On art. Ěoscow: Art.

Reference:

Gordienko E.. Vietnamese Cult of the Tutelary Spirits (Thành Hoàng) and its Place in the Vietnamese Folk Religion // Culture and Art. – 2022. – š 10. – P. 1-12.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Read the article

Abstract: This article discusses the cult of the tutelary spirits (thành hoàng) in Vietnam. These are spirits venerated as patrons of villages, rural communities and urban areas in Vietnam are expected to protect area against calamities, disasters, epidemics, wars, etc. These are mythical, historical and pseudo-historical characters who have merits to the area and its inhabitants. The veneration of them is rooted in the traditional culture. It is an integral part of the Vietnamese folk religion (tín ngưỡng dân gian Việt Nam). The spirits of the area are included in the pantheon of numerous deities and spirits (thần) worshipped by the Vietnamese nowadays despite the anti-religious policy of the Communist Party of Vietnam (in the second half of the 20th century).
The article describes the main features of the Vietnamese folk religion, which is the context in which the thành hoàng cult still exists, describes the role of the cult and its connections with other phenomena of the Vietnamese folk religion.
Our comparison of the thành hoàng cult with similar cults of neighboring peoples allows to identify the influence of alien religious and philosophical systems - Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Christianity, ideologies of the 20th century. This comparative analysis allows to reconstruct the origins and milestones in the development of the thành hoàng cult.
The cult has not previously been studied by Soviet and Russian orientalists. I propose the first systematic description of the cult, its place in the Vietnamese religious system and its origins.

Keywords: spirits cult, spirits veneration, Asian Studies, Far East religions, syncretism, deities, folk religion, tutelary spirits, guardian spirits, Vietnam

References:
Gordienko, E.V. (2020) The structure and content of Vietnamese stories about the tutelary spirits (thần tích): case study of the Story about Yết Kiêu. In: Writings of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Issue 28. Volume III. Moscow: IV RAN. Pp.5169.
Knorozova, E.Iu. (2020) Spiritual culture of Vietnam. Traditional religious and mythological views of the Vietnamese / ed. by N.V. Kolpakova. St. Petersburg: BAN.
Myths and traditions of Vietnam. / transl. from Vietnamese and Hán Văn, comment. by E.Yu. Knorozova. - St. Petersburg: Petersburg Oriental Studies.
Nguyễn Du (1983) Lengthy records of stories about the amazing. Old Vietnamese prose. / transl. from Vietnamese by M.N. Tkachev. Hanoi: Foreign Language Literature Publishing House.
Nikulin, N.I. (1985) Mytho-epic tales of the peoples of Vietnam. In: Specificity of genres in the literatures of Central and East Asia. Modernity and classical heritage. Moscow: Nauka, Main edi

Reference:

Usov A.A.. Peasant house as a factor of formation of cultural landscape of the Russian North and the Arctic (on the example of Purnema settlement) // Culture and Art. – 2021. – š 4. – P. 1-18.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Read the article

Abstract: The subject of this research is the traditional dwelling in the natural and cultural space of the Russian North and the Arctic. The goal of this work is to examine the peculiarities of a peasant house in Purnema settlement as a factor of formation of the cultural landscape of Onezhskoye Pomorye. The dwelling is examines not as an isolated structure, but an integral part of the North Russian cultural landscape, one of the key elements of the traditional culture of Pomorye— the Russian variant of marine culture in the Arctic. The research is based on empirical data acquired in the course of expedition in 2020 on the territory of Onezhskoye Pomorye, settlement of Purnema, Arkhangelsk Region. The article emplopys archival sources of the State Museum of Architecture named after A.V. Shchusev (Moscow), wooden architecture sites in the open-air museum “Malye Korely” (Arkhangelsk Region). Empirical data was obtained via photographic evidence of architectural sites, schematic measurements, and ethnographic questionnaire of local residents, using the method of interview. The research also leans on methodology developed by the Doctor of Culturology A. B. Permilovskaya on the architectural and ethnographic survey of the wooden architecture sites. The conclusion is made that the architectural-construct peculiarities of the dwelling and type settlement demonstrate the specific lifestyle of the Russian people in the harsh forest zone and their adjustment to the local climate. In the conditions of the North and the Arctic, a peasant house manifests as a stabilizing factor of adaptation, which ensures sustainable coexistence of population and cultural landscape formed therein; and thus, the effectiveness of ethnosocial and environmental development of the Northern and Arctic territories of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: traditional culture, vernacular architecture, cultural landscape, rural historical settlement, spatial planning, dwelling, Russian North, Arctic, Onezhskoye Pomorye, Purnema village

References:
Habitat: Vernacular Architecture for a Changing Planet. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2017. 600 p.
Ushakov Yu. S. Ansambl' v narodnom zodchestve Russkogo Severa. Leningrad: Stroyizdat, 1982. 168 s.
Kharlin L. A. Pomor'e promysly (Lyamtsa, Maloshuyka, Unezhma, Tamitsa) 19911992 gg. OIMM. Op. 3. D. 315. Tsit. po Ne vek zhit' vek vspominat'. Narodnaya kul'tura Poonezh'ya i Onezhskogo Pomor'ya (po materialam Onezhskikh ekspeditsiy). Izdanie 2-e, ispr., dop. Onega; Arkhangel'sk; Moskva: Tovarishchestvo Severnogo Morekhodstva, 2011. 384 s.
Usov A. A. Traditsionnoe krest'yanskoe zhilishche v kul'turnom landshafte Onezhskogo Pomor'ya (na primere s. Vorzogory) // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. 2019. š 5. S. 31-41. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2019.5.29339. URL: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29339.
Terebikhin N. M. Metafizika Severa: Monografiya. Arkhangel'sk: Pomorskiy universitet, 2004. 272 s.
Ukaz Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii š 296 ŤO sukhoputnykh territoriyakh Arkticheskoy zony Rossiyskoy Federatsiiť ot 2 maya 2014 goda. URL: htt

Reference:

Iakushenkova O.S., Pavlenko N.V.. Encounter with the Alien: Japanese models of cultural dialogue // Culture and Art. – 2019. – š 9. – P. 59-69.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Read the article

Abstract: This article conducts a semiotic model of Japanese models of communication with the Alien. The authors analyze the syntax of the system of relations with the Alien/Other, as well as the semantics of particular images of the Alien. Certain homogeneity of Japanese society makes encounter the Alien/Other an exceptional phenomenon, which reflects the behavioral patterns of Japanese cultural tradition, as well as peculiarities of otherness of the Alien that initiates the cultural contact. All of the aforementioned turns the analysis of this phenomenon of cultural encounter into a special heuristic problem that should be resolved within the framework of various disciplines and methodological approaches. The specificity of Japanese representations with regards to otherness is analyzed using the semiotic methods, primarily structural method, which allow determining the main oppositions help to establish a communicative paradigm of relationship with the Other: center/periphery, Japanese/Barbarians, openness/closeness, ordinariness/sacredness. Alongside the structural method, the author also uses the historical methods for examining this phenomenon in diachronic and synchronic aspects. Special attention is given to comparativist approach that allows correlating the image of the Alien with certain images of the Other, currently functioning in Japan in the context of youth fashion. The authors determine the common moments characteristic to representations of liminality of the Alien/Other, which transfer it from the area of ordinary to the area of supernatural. The analysis demonstrates that Japanese model of communication with the Alien is considered a multilayer phenomenon, based on the static traditional approach, as well as pragmatic dynamic approach. All of these leads to a complex classification of the Alien/Other that considers minute details capable of helping a subject to build such communication.

Keywords: European influence, shogunate, homogeneity, otherness, The other, alien, japan, colonial possessions, barbarians, center

References:
AFP-JIJI Stigma and legal battles show Japan still has tattoo complex even as Olympics loom // The Japan Times, Dec 19, 2018 [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/12/19/national/stigma-legal-battles-show-japan-still-tattoo-complex-even-olympics-loom/#article_history; (vremya poseshcheniya: 15.08.2019).
Ashcraft B., Benny H. Japanese Tattoos: History, Culture, Design. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing, 2016. 160p.
Benedict R. The Chrysanthemum and the Sword. Patterns of Japanese Culture. L.: Secker & Warburg, 1947. 332p.
Bennett J. W., Nagai M. Echoes: Reactions to American Anthropology // American Anthropologist. New Series. 1953. Vol. 55. No. 3. pp. 404-411.
Brinkley F., Kikuchi D. A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: The Encyclopedia Britannica Co., 1915. 784p.
Ishii Satoshi The Japanese Welcome-Nonwelcome Ambivalence Syndrome toward "Marebito/Ijin/Gaijin" Strangers: Its Implications for Inter

Reference:

Permilovskaya A.B.. Decoration as Part of the Dwelling Structure and the 'Structure' of Peasant World View // Culture and Art. – 2018. – š 2. – P. 33-40.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Read the article

Abstract: The subject of the research is the structural and decorative particularities of a traditional dwelling of the Russian (European) North and Arctic Region. The object of the research is a sign system of decorations as a reflection of peasant world view. The empirical basis of the research included 34 architectural ethnographic expeditions to 368 settlements of the Archangelsk and Vologda Regions and Karelia. The source for the research included archives and monuments of wooden architecture in wooden architecture museums: Malye Korely (Archangelsk Region), Kizhi (Republic of Karelia), collections from All-Russian Decorate Art Museum, etc. The research was based on a set of methods such as the systems approach, cultural-historical, ethnocultural, semiotic and historiographical methods. The research is based on using the method offered by Permilovskaya that implies using an architectural and ethnographical research of wooden architectural objets. The method was tested and published in monographs, research books, architectural encyclopaedia (Great Britain, 2017), etc. The research is devoted to the decoration of the roof of a folk dwelling, in particular, the final element - horse-ridge (“ohlupen”) that often had zoomorphic symbolics and was sculpturally depicted in the form of horse or bird or elk or antler horns. The author makes a new scientific guess that that the ornament of carving in scultured figures that decorate the house reflects a traditional archaic picture of the world of those who built the house. The results and conclusions of the research demonstrate that a classification of decorations of a folk wooden dwelling can be represented as a triad 'function - canon - decoration'. The scope of application of the results may include research activity, teaching, building open-air museums and restoration of wooden architecture monuments.

Keywords: sign system, solar symbols, tradition, roof without nails, Arctic, Russian North, archaic world picture, horse-ridge (ohlupen), decor, folk dwelling

References:
Suvorov N.N. O kon'kakh na krest'yanskikh kryshakh v nekotorykh mestakh Vologodskoy i Novgorodskoy guberniy : pis'mo N.N. Suvorova k V.V. Stasovu // Izv. Imp. Arkheol. o-va. SPb., 1863. T. 4, vyp. 2. S. 170-172.
Golovnye ubory Russkogo Severa v sobranii Gosudarstvennogo muzeynogo ob'edineniya ŤKhudozhestvennaya kul'tura Russkogo severať : katalog. Arkhangel'sk, 1999. 154 s.
Dal' V.I. Tolkovyy slovar' zhivogo velikorusskogo yazyka. T. 2 / sovmeshch. red. V.I. Dalya, I.A. Boduena de Kortene v sovrem. napisanii.M., 2002.1118 s.
Kopalinskiy V. Slovar' simvolov. / per. s pol. V.N. Zorina. Kaliningrad, 2002. 267 s.
Lavonen N.A. Stol v verovaniyakh karel. Petrozavodsk, 2000. 173 s.
Permilovskaya A.B. Severnyy dom. Petrozavodsk: PetroPress, 2000. 223 c.
Makovetskiy I.V. Arkhitektura russkogo narodnogo zhilishcha. Sever i Verkhnee Povolzh'e. M., 1962. 338 s.
Makovetskiy I.V. Pamyatniki narodnogo zodchestva russkogo Severa : po materialam kompleksnoy ekspeditsii In-ta istorii iskusstv AN SSSR i Gos. Ist. Muzeya. M., 1955.182 s.

Reference:
Dashibalova I.. Problematistion of Ethnic Masculinity in a Visual Text (Based on the Example of the Film 'Bulag. The Sacred Spring') // Culture and Art. – 2017. – š 5. – P. 42-53.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
up

Abstract: The subject of the present research is a visual representation of ethnic (Buryat) masculinity based on the analysis of Solbon Lygdenov's film 'Bulag. The Sacred Spring'. During her descriptive analysis, Dashibalova has discovered visual markers of the masculinity crisis in a modern society as well as construction of various codes of Buryat ethnicity. She has based her description of the rural Buryat community on forming and deconstructing characteristics of identity: boyhood institution, internal rules and autonomy of the male union, moral code of masucline behavior, military service, kindred-community associations, patterns of verbal communication, physical habitus, fatherhood, and decay of family. When analyzing the film 'Bulag', the researcher also describes parameters of Buryat ethnicity through kindred patterns, system of gestures, linguistic space of the film, audio sequence, ethnic anecdotes, religious cults, physical habitus and body practices. During sociological analysis of the film the researcher has used a combination of structural and narrative approaches. Dashibalova has reconstructed the plot, described the frame space and film segments based on David Bordwell's approach. The researcher's description of social characteristics of characters and modern realities of a Russian village is based on actual concepts of theoretical sociology. The main conclusions of the research are as follows: 1) The researcer has defined binary oppositions of male scenarios in a modern Buryat community conveyed in the film 'Bulag' and polar lines of social behavior. On the one pole, there is a standardized pattern of masculinity as a reference to the 'real man' code. The opposite pole of modern masculinity fixes a representation of a deprivation state. 2) The researcher has also discovered the need to develop the phenomenon of ethnic masculinity constructed in works of fiction and film construct. 3) The original film offers the audience to return 'ad fontes' and in this sense, it creates te ethnomobilisation rhetorics. The author's contribution to the research is caused by the fact that she reveals the phenomenon of ethnic masculinity, and its ambivalence in a modern society. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author describes parameters of ethnic (Buryat) masculinity depicted by the means of cinematography.

Keywords: visual text, social deprivation, male habitus, masculine patterns, ancestorial patterns, rural community, boyhood institution, ethnic identity, cinema film, ethnic masculinity

References:
Khafizova N.A. Muzhchina i zhenshchina: mezhdu antropogennost'yu i kul'turogennost'yu pola // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2013. š 10. C. 1436 - 1446. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.10.6896.
Koptseva N.P., Kistova A.V. Konstruirovanie etnokul'turnoy i obshchenatsional'noy identichnosti kak filosofskaya problema // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2015. š 1. C. 12 - 19. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2015.1.10695.
Mikheeva Yu.V. Muzykal'naya forma kak forma kinofil'ma: vopros ontologicheskogo edinstva // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2015. š 5. C. 762 - 768. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2015.5.11302.
Roslyakova V.A. Sotsial'nye kommunikatsii posredstvom kinematografa i analiz tsveta v kartine B. Bertoluchchi ŤKonformistť (1970) // Sotsiodinamika. 2015. š 10. C. 109 - 137. DOI: 10.7256/2409-7144.2015.10.16475. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_16475.html
Zubarevich N.V. Regional'nye aspekty gendernogo ravenstva // Demoskop Weekly: informatsionnyy byulleten'. 2005. š 219-220. 24 oktyabrya-6 noyabrya. [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0219/analit02

Reference:
Lestev A.E.. The Moral Imperatives of the Knights of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta // Culture and Art. – 2015. – š 4. – P. 407-412.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
up

Abstract: The objects of research are the moral imperatives of the Knights of Malta. In his article Lestev in details described the basic concepts of the knight identity: honor, loyalty, justice, mercy and obedience in terms of the formation of a special system of military-religious order. Despite the universal nature of these concepts, their semantic content as well as localization are different in a variety of military communities and cultures. This determines the importance of examining the spiritual aspirations, spiritual quest of man, his moral imperatives in the study of a particular culture. In addition to the general historical research methods, the author also used socio-psychological and comparative (comparative cultural studies) methods to describe the development of the system of moral imperatives of knights of the spiritual Order and to compare them with similar concepts of secular knights. As the main result of this study, Lestev shows the transition made by members of the Order of Malta from feudal thinking to thinking about whole Christian world, generally good-Christian, which was the forerunner of modern humanistic ideas and international organizations providing humanitarian assistance in all parts of the world. It was the first time the knights of religious orders were able to counter and implement the idea of the common good opposing to the idea of profit and personal advantage.

Keywords: Crusades, Christianity, Morality, Knighthood, Existential, Imperative, Loyalty, Honor, Order of Malta, Military Culture

References:
Bartelemi D. Rytsarstvo: ot drevney Germanii do Frantsii XII v. SPb.: EVRAZIYa, 2012. 584 s.
De Verto R.-O. Istoriya mal'tiyskikh rytsarey. M.: ŤSPSLť, ŤRusskaya panoramať, 2014. V 2-kh tt. 1043 s.
De Vul'f M. Srednevekovaya filosofiya i tsivilizatsiya. M.: ZAO Tsentrpoligraf, 2014. 253 s.
Zakharov, V.A. Problemy suvereniteta Mal'tiyskogo ordena i ego mezhdunarodno-pravovoe polozhenie // Sovremennoe pravo. š 4. 2007. S. 67 79.
Kozlov M.S. Deyatel'nost' Sacra Infermeria v period prebyvaniya Ordena gospital'erov na Mal'te / M.S. Kozlov // Sovremennaya nauchnaya mysl'. 2014. š 2. S. 6 11.
Kolosova I.V. Russko-mal'tiyskiy rytsarskiy soyuz / I.V. Kolosova // Geopoliticheskiy zhurnal. 2014. š 3. S. 95 102.
Men'chikov G.P. Zhizn' kak filosofskaya kategoriya / G.P. Men'chikov // Vestnik MGUKI. 2008. š5. S. 13 17.
Men'chikov G.P. Chelovek i ego bazovye ekzistentsial'nye determinatsii / G.P. Men'chikov // Vestnik Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta kul'tury i iskusstv. 2008. š3.

Reference:
Spektor, D. M.. The Third Path: Between Instinct and Consciousness // Culture and Art. – 2015. – š 1. – P. 50-59.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
up

Abstract: Despite the fact that there is a great variety of anthropological concepts and schools, anthropology is guided by the paradigm of human reason. It is the awakening mind tentatively learning the world and producing a bunch of strange and exotic practices the ancestors of human paid much attention to. The dichotomy instinct or reason confine most of anthropological researches. The present article is aimed at undermining the authority of this dichotomy and carrying out a research of something the third, something between instinct and reason a strange instinct excluding reflective performance algorithms. The author solves the Gordian knot by reconstructing and comparing a number of factors which create a rather limited picture of the alternative logic and the meaning of human evolution. As a result, a new vision of the outcome of history has been created. This is the vision of the history developing within the framework of species competition and driven by the initiation of the defensive instinct when an individual stands above the irresistible circumstances of isolation and his dedication is approved in the cult as the historically the first instrument of retaining humanity.

Keywords: Instinct, consciousness, spontaneity, ritual, genotype, phenotype, evolution, archanthrope, competition, sacrifice.

References:
Agamben Dzh. Homo sacer. Suverennaya vlast' i golaya zhizn'. M.: Izdatel'stvo ŤEvropať, 2011.-256 s.
Anikovich M. V., Anisyutkin N. K., Vishnyatskii L. B. Uzlovye problemy perekhoda k verkhnemu paleolitu v Evrazii. SPb., 2007.
Antropologicheskie matritsy KhKh veka. L.S. Vygotskii P.A. Florenskii. Nesostoyavshiisya dialog. M.: Progress-Traditsiya, 2007.
Borodai Yu. M. Ot fantazii k real'nosti. M.; 1995.
Godel'e M. Zagadka dara. M.; 2007.
Golovnev A. V. Antropologiya dvizheniya (drevnosti severnoi Evrazii). Ekaterinburg.; 2009.
Kassirer E. Filosofiya simvolicheskikh form. T.2. Mifologicheskoe myshlenie. M.; 2001.
Lorents K. Oborotnaya storona zerkala. M.; 1988.
Markov A. Evolyutsiya cheloveka. Kn. 1. Obez'yany, kosti i geny. M., 2011.
Moos M. Sotsial'nye funktsii svyashchennogo. Sankt-Peterburg, 2000.
Nazaretyan A. P.. ŤTsivilizatsionnye krizisy v kontekste universal'noi istoriiť. M., 2004.
Pershits A. I. Problemy normativnoi etnografii // Issle

Reference:
Lapkina, N. A.. Private Initiatives in Education of Preschoolers and Primary School Students: Ethnic Education // Culture and Art. – 2013. – š 5. – P. 525-532.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
up

Abstract: The article is aimed at analyzing changes in the system of private and alternative systems of education and inclusion of scientific projects not only as the fields of research but also innovation-based education of preschoolers and primary school students in order to develop efficient skills of intercultural communication, formation of cultural and national identity and natural tolerance. At the present time more and more parents get involved into the process of educating their children due to disrespect towards state preschool and especially school education. Some parents choose private education, others take children to infant development centers. Some parents are quite skeptical about social institutions of up-bringing and education and therefore practice homeschooling in a new modification no schooling theory. Parents initiatives regarding education of their children are becoming systematic which requires to include academic community in the process, too. The author of the article presents practical experience of implementation of ethnic education.

Keywords: cultural research, ethnic education, intercultural adaptation, tolerance, national identity, innovationbased education, ethnography of childhood and childs pedagogy, communication creativity, dialogue of cultures (cultural communications), empathic dialogue.

References:
Abramova A.A. Roditel'skie solidarnosti bol'shogo goroda: tsennosti i praktiki semeynykh soobshchestv, tsentrov i klubov // X Kongress etnografov i antropologov Rossii Moskva, 2-5 iyulya 2013g. Tezisy dokladov. M., 2013
Lloyd Demoz Psikhoistoriya.-M. Feniks, 2000.-s 178
Lapkina N.A. Progulki s knigoy: kak vklyuchit' nauku v obrazovatel'nye programmy i programmy rannego razvitiya detey // Kul'tura i iskusstvo š 6 (12).-M., 2012.-ss. 102-106
Butovskaya M.L. Yazyk tela: priroda i kul'tura (evolyutsionnye i kross-kul'turnye osnovy neverbal'noy kommunikatsii cheloveka) .-M., 2004 440s.
Popov E.A., Maksimova S.G. Sovremennoe grazhdanskoe obshchestvo v Rossii: problemy stanovleniya i regional'nogo razvitiya // NB: Problemy obshchestva i politiki.-2012.-1.-C. 1-20. DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2012.1.38. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pr/article_38.html
Pushkareva N.L. Russkaya zhenshchina: istoriya i sovremennost'.-M., 2002.
Mirche Eliade Svyashchennoe i mirskoe. M., 1994. 144 s.
Snegurova

Reference:
Sukovataya, V. A., Fisun, E. G.. East and Femininity in Writings of Russian and French Orientalists: Inversion of Gaze // Culture and Art. – 2013. – š 2. – P. 153-160.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
up

Abstract: The authors of the article study semantics and evolution of the East in the West European and Russian orientalism paintings of the 19th century on the materials of the works by J.A.D. Ingres, E. Delacroix, V. Vereschagin. The target of the study is to analyze evolution of the Eastern womans images in the West-European and Russian orientalism in the context of evolution of the dialogue between the East and the West. It is proved that semantics of East is closely connected with semantics of femininity. The novelty of work is caused by several facts: 1) the study is about not only aesthetical but also ideological differences between French (West European) and Russian orientalism (V. Vereschagin); 2) development of the Postmodernist and Feminist concept of gaze (that was founded by Laura Mulvey) based on the classical paintings of the 19th century; 3) demonstration of the inversion opportunities of gaze in the orientalist painting; 4) the study analyzes specifics of the dialogue between the East and the West in the West European and Russian paintings of the 19th century.

Keywords: cultural studies, femininity, orientalism, the Other, dialogue between the East and the West, race, sexuality, spectators opinion, inversion of gaze, gender analysis.

References:
Bart R. Mifologii / Per. s frants. M.: Direkt-Media, 2007. 459 s.
Vergvari L. Delakrua. Budapesht: Iz-vo Korvina, 1963.
Gramshi A. Izbrannye proizvedeniya: V 3 t. T. 3: Tyuremnye tetradi. M.: Inostrannaya literatura, 1959.
Delakrua E. Dnevnik Delakrua. M.: Iskusstvo, 1950
Zhyullian F. Ezhen Delakrua. M.: Iskusstvo, 1986.
Malvi L. Vizual'noe udovol'stvie i narrativnyy kinematograf // Antologiya gendernoy teorii. Minsk: Propilei, 2000. S. 280297.
Said E. Orientalizm. Zapadnye kontseptsii Vostoka. SPb.: Russkiy mir, 2005.
Sartr Zh. P. Bytie i nichto: Opyt fenomenologicheskoy ontologii. M.: Respublika, 2004 .
Sokolovskiy S. Obrazy Drugikh v rossiyskikh nauke, politike, prave. M.: Put', 2001.
Sukovataya V. A. Litso Drugogo: telesnye obrazy Drugogo v kul'turnoy antropologii. Khar'kov: KhNU, 2009.
Berger J. Ways of Seeing. Penguin Group, 1972.
Kaplan A. Looking for the Other: Feminism, Film, and the Imperial Gaze. Routledge, 1997.
Mohanram R. Black body. Woman, Colon

Reference:
Marushiakova, E. A., Popov, V. Z.. Gypsy Court in Eastern Europe: Concept, Forms and Modern Transformations // Culture and Art. – 2013. – š 1. – P. 41-46.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
up

Abstract: The article continues the theme of the ethnical gypsy court, one of the main institutions of behavior control which is still used by certain gypsy tribes in Central, South-Eastern and Eastern Europe. The author of this article describes the main features of the gypsy court as the method of institutional resolution of confl icts between communities as well as transformations ongoing at a modern stage of development.

Keywords: cultural research, ethnology, gypsy court, non-judicial confl ict resolution, institutional confl ict resolution, authority and social-age status, composition of court, mixed court, cross border courts, International Romani Union.

References:
Marushiakova E. A., Popov V. Z. Tsyganskiy sud kak element traditsionnoy sotsio-normativnoy kul'tury // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. 2012. š 5 (11). S. 3747.
Marushiakova E. A., Popov V. Z. Tsyganskiy sud v Vostochnoy Evrope: issledovaniya, mistifikatsii, diskussii // Kul'tura i iskusstvo. 2012. š 6 (12). S. 4351.
Achim V. Ţiganii in istoria Romaniei. Bucureşti: Enciclopedica, 1998.
Acton T. A. A Three-cornered Choice: Structural Consequences of Value-Priorities in Gypsy Law as a Model for More General Understanding of Variations in the Administration of Justice // The American Journal of Comparative Law, 51, 2003, 3.
Acton T., Klimova I. The International Romani Union. An East European answer to West European questions? // Guy, W. (Ed.) Between Past and Future: the Roma of Central and Eastern Europe. Hatfi eld: University of Hertfordshire Press, 2001. P. 157226.
Bobu N. Book about Rroms. Common Law a Legal Peace Process. Cluj-Napoca: Dacia, 2002.
Caffrey S., Mundy G. Inf

Reference:
Marushiakova, E. A., Popov, V. Z.. Gypsy Court in Eastern Europe: Researches, Mystification, Discussions // Culture and Art. – 2012. – š 6. – P. 43-51.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
up

Abstract: Ethnic gypsy court is one of the central and mostly developed topics in gypsy researches nowadays. It was discussed during a number of discussions in scientific literature, however, experts still do not have a common opinion about the nature of this phenomenon, its conents, functions and origin. The purpose of this particular article is to disaprove some scientific myths and ethnologists views on the ethnic court based on field materials collected over a 30-year period in Central, South East and Eastern Europe. The authors of the article describe the expansion of the institution of gypsy court among different ethnic and territorial gypsy tribes in the aforesaid reginos as well as provides the definition of gypsy court, its participants and court decisions.

Keywords: cultural research, gypsies, gypsy court, gypsy slavery, service nomadism, expansion among ethnic tribes, matchmaking, bride stealing, gypsy dialects (romani), myth about gypsy barons.

References:
Kalinin V. Zagadka baltiyskikh tsygan. Ocherki istorii, kul'tury i sotsial'nogo razvitiya baltiyskikh tsygan. Minsk: Logvinov, 2005.
Marushiakova E. A., Popov V. Z. Tsyganskiy sud kak element traditsionnoy sotsio-normativnoy kul'tury // Kul'tura i iskusstvo 2012, 5 (11), s. 37–47.
Achim V. Ţiganii in istoria Romaniei. Bucureşti: Enciclopedica, 1998.
Acton T. A. A Three-cornered Choice: Structural Consequences of Value-Priorities in Gypsy Law as a Model for More General Understanding of Variations in the Administration of Justice // The American Journal of Comparative Law, 51, 2003, 3, pp. 639-658.
Acton T., Caffrey S., Mundy G. Theorising Gypsy Law // Weyrauch W. O. (Ed.) Gypsy Law. Romani Legal Traditions and Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001, P.88-100.
Durham E. High Albania. London: Edward Arnold, 1909.
Ficowski J. L’autorite du Sero-Rom sur les Tsiganes de Pologne //Etudes Tsiganes, 1981, 4. P. 15–25.
Ficowski J. Cyganie na po

Reference:
Pavlova, Î. S.. The Custom of Swadding Babies at the Northern Caucasus: History and Modernity // Culture and Art. – 2011. – š 6. – P. 32-40.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
up

Abstract: The article is devoted to the custom of swadding of babies at the Northern Caucasus and its role from the point of view of cultural anthropology and psychology. The author of the article describes the composition of a childs cradle and its specifi c features in different ethnic groups living in the Northern Caucasus as well as rituals of putting a baby into a cradle. The article analyzes the pagan roots of these rituals and their transformation in modern socio-cultural practices under the infl uence of Islam.

Keywords: cultural studies, cultural anthropology, psychology, Northern Caucasus, socio-cultural practice, ritualism, swadding, diaper determinism, cradle, infl uence of Islam.

References:
Akkieva S. I. Simvolicheskie funktsii prazdnikov narodov KBR // Sbornik nauchnykh statey Instituta sotsial'nykh issledovaniy IngGU / Otv. red. Sampiev I. M. Nazran', 2009.
Albogachieva M. S.-G. Ingushi v XX veke: etnograficheskie aspekty religioznykh praktik // Severnyy Kavkaz: Traditsionnoe sel'skoe obshchestvo sotsial'nye roli, obshchestvennoe mnenie, vlastnye otnosheniya: Sbornik statey / Otv. red. S. A. Shtarkov. SPb., 2007.
Akhriev Ch. Zametki ob ingushakh // Sbornik svedeniy o Terskoy oblasti. Vyp. 1. B. m., 1878.
Bolurova A. Stupeni detstva (iz narodnykh obychaev karachaevtsev) // Vostochnaya kollektsiya. 2008. š 3(34).
Botashev M. D. Ustanovlenie iskusstvennogo rodstva pri obryadakh detskogo tsikla u karachaevtsev // Karachaevtsy i balkartsy: yazyk, etnografiya, arkheologiya, fol'klor. M., 2001.
Mambetov G. Kh. Traditsionnaya kul'tura kabardintsev i balkartsev. Nal'chik, 2002.
Mid M. Kul'tura i mir detstva. M., 1998.
Musaeva M. K. Detskaya lyul'ka v traditsionnom bytu

Reference:
Chistyakova, V. O.. Scientific Knowledge in the Format of a Festival: Experience of the Ethnographic Cinema Days in Moscow // Culture and Art. – 2011. – š 4. – P. 43-52.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
up

Abstract: The article casts light on the major results of a so far short experience of the festival of audio visual anthropology called The Ethnographic Cinema Days, as well as the tasks it solves. The world science has accumulated plenty of audio visual methodological and theoretical materials which is actively used in teaching and researching. However, visual anthropology performs an auxiliary function, at its best, in the Russian academic environment. It prompted in 2009 the Russian Institute of Cultural Studies to come forward with an initiative to arrange an annual cinematographic festival of audio visual anthropology The Ethnographic Cinema Days aimed at solving important tasks in theory and practice.

Keywords: cultural studies, anthropology, ethnology, audio visual methods, visual anthropology, festival, audio visual technologies, documentation, memory, cinema.

References:
Chistyakova V. O. Obzor festivalya ŤDni etnograficheskogo kinoť (28 sentyabrya – 3 oktyabrya 2009 g., Moskva, Rossiyskiy institut kul'turologii) // Antropologicheskiy forum. 2010. š 12(online). Rezhim dostupa: [http://anthropologie.kunstkamera.ru/07/12online/] (v soavt. s A. G. Vasil'evym).
Chistyakova V. O. Dni etnograficheskogo kino. 25 sentyabrya – 2 oktyabrya 2010 g., Moskva // Voprosy kul'turologii. 2010. š 8