Abstract: The general tendency of the punitive policy formation in administrative responsibility legislation has influenced all the spheres of public management. The most serious administrative sanctions are established in the antimonopoly sphere, particularly for anticompetitive agreements. The Administrative Offences Code of the Russian Federation doesn’t differentiate them according to business entities, and it has a negative impact on the development of small and medium entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation. The author analyzes the introduced general and specific legal mechanisms of humanization of administrative responsibility and the problems of their practical realization. The research subject includes administrative norms regulating social relations in the sphere of imposition and implementation of administrative responsibility for anticompetitive agreements and realization of legal mechanisms of mitigation of legal responsibility and release from responsibility. The research object includes the article 14.32 of the Administrative Offences Code of the Russian Federation and the articles, establishing general and special legal instruments of mitigation of responsibility and release from responsibility for anticompetitive agreements, the judicial practice in the sphere of application of the Code’s provisions, related to the imposition and mitigation of administrative responsibility for anticompetitive agreements. The article is based on general scientific (analysis, synthesis, the system-structural, formal-logical and other methods) and special scientific methods of cognition (logical and legal, comparative-legal the method of legal hermeneutics (interpretation) and descriptive method). The author comes to the following conclusions:
- The influence of the general tendency of administrative-punitive state policy is observed in the sphere of imposition of administrative responsibility for anticompetitive agreements;
- The administrative sanctions for anticompetitive agreements, provided by the article 14.32. of the Administrative Offences Code of the Russian Federation, are very serious; the Administrative Offences Code doesn’t differentiate them according to business entities and it has a negative impact on the development of small and medium entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation;
- The legislation provides for general and specific mechanisms, aimed at the mitigation of administrative responsibility and release from it for anticompetitive agreements, but the practical implementation of some of them is quite problematic;
- The introduction of more flexible criteria, helping take into account the property and financial status of various business entities, brought to administrative responsibility, seems to be reasonable;
- In order to improve the legislation in this sphere and provide the uniformity of application of juridical terminology, the author proposes to insert the term “cartel” not only in the comment, but also in the disposition of the article 14.32. of the Administrative Offences Code; to differentiate the volume of sanctions depending on the category of business entities.
Keywords: differentiation of sanctions, legal mechanisms, administrative offence, humanization, administrative responsibility, anticompetitive agreement, cartel, judicial practice, competition, economic security
References:
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References (transliteration):
Administrativnoe pravo. Obshchaya chast': Uchebnik / Pod red. d-ra yurid. nauk, prof. S. A. Starostina. – M.: INFRA-M, 2010. – 506 s. S. 299 – 302;
Bondar' E. O. Pravovye posledstviya primeneniya normy stat'i 2.9. Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh pri privlechenii k administrativnoy otvetstvennosti yuridicheskikh lits // Strategiya natsional'nogo razvitiya i zadachi rossiyskoy yuridicheskoy nauki: sb. dokladov Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, sektsiy administrativnogo prava, finansovogo prava, konkurentnogo prava, informatsionnogo prava (Moskva, 24 noyabrya – 3 dekabrya 2015 g.) – Moskva: Prospekt, 2016. – 464 s. S. 207 – 213.
Darovskikh S. M. K voprosu o maloznachitel'nosti administrativnogo pravonarusheniya // Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pravo, 2012, Vypusk ¹ 7 (266). S. 96-98;
Igor' Artem'ev: zashchishchaya konkurentsiyu, my zashchishchaem osnovy gosudarstvennogo stroya. [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://fas.gov.ru/press-center/news/detail.html?id=45093 (data obrashcheniya 10.08.2016)..
Internet-interv'yu s Andreem Tenishevym 04.05.2016. [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://fas.gov.ru/documents/documentdetails.html?id=14611 (data obrashcheniya 10.08.2016).
Kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh ot 5 iyulya 2014 goda ¹ 235-V (s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami po sostoyaniyu na 28.04.2016 g.). [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31577399#pos=1;-307 (data obrashcheniya .10.08.2016).
Kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh ot 30.12.2001 ¹ 195-FZ (red. ot 02.06.2016) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 07.01.2002, ¹ 1 (ch. 1), st. 1.
Konstitutsiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii (prinyata vsenarodnym golosovaniem 12.12.1993) (s uchetom popravok, vnesennykh Zakonami RF o popravkakh k Konstitutsii RF ot 30.12.2008 ¹ 6-FKZ, ot 30.12.2008 ¹ 7-FKZ, ot 05.02.2014 ¹ 2-FKZ, ot 21.07.2014 ¹ 11-FKZ) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 04.08.2014, ¹ 31, st. 4398.
Korepina A. V. Problemy pravoprimenitel'noy praktiki privlecheniya k administrativnoy otvetstvennosti za pravonarusheniya v sfere predprinimatel'skoy deyatel'nosti // Istoricheskie, filosofskie, politicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki, kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie. Voprosy teorii i praktiki. Tambov: Gramota, 2015, ¹ 11, Ch. 1. S. 82-84.
Pis'mo FAS Rossii ot 21.03.2012 ¹ IA/8457 «O praktike primeneniya stat'i 2.9 KoAP RF» // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.
Pis'mo FAS Rossii ot 08.07.2010 ¹ IA/21482 «O primenenii metodicheskikh rekomendatsiy po raschetu oborotnogo shtrafa» // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.
Pirogov V. Yu. Kriterii priznaniya administrativnogo pravonarusheniya maloznachitel'nym // Vestnik Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie i pravovye issledovaniya, 2013, Vypusk ¹ 3. S. 67-74;
Postanovlenie Devyatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 29.03.2016 ¹ 09AP-8675/2016 po delu ¹ A40-210342/2015 «V udovletvorenii trebovaniya v chasti priznaniya nezakonnym i otmene postanovleniya o privlechenii k otvetstvennosti po ch. 1 st. 14.32. KoAP RF za zaklyuchenie ogranichivayushchego konkurentsiyu soglasheniya, osushchestvlenie ogranichivayushchikh konkurentsiyu soglasovannykh deystviy, koordinatsiyu ekonomicheskoy deyatel'nosti otkazano v svyazi s nalichiem v deystviyakh obshchestva sostava vmenyaemogo administrativnogo pravonarusheniya» // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.
Postanovlenie Konstitutsionnogo Suda RF ot 17.01.2013 ¹ 1-P «Po delu o proverke konstitutsionnosti polozheniya chasti 5 stat'i 19.8. Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh v svyazi s zhaloboy obshchestva s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu "Maslyanskiy khlebopriemnyy punkt"» // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 28.01.2013, ¹ 4, st. 304.
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Postanovlenie Plenuma VAS RF ot 02.06.2004 ¹ 10 «O nekotorykh voprosakh, voznikshikh v sudebnoy praktike pri rassmotrenii del ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh» // Vestnik VAS RF, ¹ 8, 2004.
Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 24.03.2005 ¹ 5 «O nekotorykh voprosakh, voznikayushchikh u sudov pri primenenii Kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh» // Rossiyskaya gazeta, ¹ 80, 19.04.2005.
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Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 05.01.2015, ¹ 1 (chast' I), st. 68.
Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 13.06.1996 ¹ 63-FZ (red. ot 06.07.2016) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 17.06.1996, ¹ 25, st. 2954.
Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 31.12.2015 ¹ 683 «O Strategii natsional'noy bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 04.01.2016, ¹ 1 (chast' II), st. 212.
Ul'yanov A. Popkorn, sakhar i taksi: kak FAS boretsya s malym biznesom. [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://www.forbes.ru/mneniya-column/konkurentsiya/270499-popkorn-sakhar-i-taksi-kak-fas-boretsya-s-malym-biznesom (data obrashcheniya 10.08.2016).
Federal'nyy zakon ot 06.12.2011 ¹ 404-FZ (red. ot 23.07.2013) «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh» // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 12.12.2011, ¹ 50, st. 7346.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 06.12.2011 ¹ 401-FZ (red. ot 05.10.2015) «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Federal'nyy zakon "O zashchite konkurentsii" i otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 12.12.2011, ¹ 50, st. 7343.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 05.10.2015 ¹ 275-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Federal'nyy zakon "O zashchite konkurentsii" i otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 12.10.2015, N 41 (chast' I), st. 5629.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 26.07.2006 ¹ 135-FZ (red. ot 03.07.2016) «O zashchite konkurentsii» // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF, 31.07.2006, ¹ 31 (1 ch.), st. 3434.